Abstract: An electrochemical sensor for humoral detection and a detection device. The electrochemical sensor for humoral detection includes a material layer including at least one hydrophilic region; and at least one detection unit, located in the hydrophilic region. The hydrophilic region includes a sampling port configured to be in contact with a liquid sample (for example, saliva) to be detected, the detection unit includes a working electrode and an opposed electrode disposed apart from each other, the working electrode comprises a reaction surface containing a substance configured to have a reaction with an analyte in the liquid sample, and the working electrode and the opposed electrode are configured to detect an electrical signal generated by the reaction so as to detect the analyte.

Abstract: A method of calibrating an analyte measurement system is provided.

Abstract: A processive enzyme molecular sensor for use in a DNA data storage system is disclosed that can extract digital information suitably encoded into a synthetic DNA molecule. In various aspects, such sensors are provided in a high-density chip-based format that can provide the high throughput, low-cost and fast data extraction capability required for large scale DNA data storage systems. The sensor for reading the digital data stored in DNA molecules processes individual encoded DNA molecules directly, eliminating the need for complicated sample preparation such as making copies of DNA or clonal populations of such molecules.

Abstract: The disclosure provides for a lab-on-a-chip (LOC) device and a method of fabrication thereof. Additionally, a system and a method for point of care testing of multiple biomarkers such as glucose, cholesterol, creatinine, uric acid, and bilirubin is provided. The microfluidic assembly consists of three layers in which the top and the middle layers are made up of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) and the bottom layer with polyethylene terephthalate (PET). The device integrates screen printed non-enzymatic electrochemical sensors in the bottom layer for simultaneous detection of glucose, cholesterol, creatinine, uric acid, and bilirubin. A hand held potentiostat with readout enables readout for the point of care application of integrated sensing device. The device developed has potential to revamp healthcare by providing access to affordable technology for better management a diabetes and related complications at every door step.

Abstract: A physiological measurement system includes a biosensor providing a signal for a fluid sample. A processor determines a physiological parameter in the form of an analyte concentration using the signal from the biosensor. A network interface conveys data between the processor and a social network. The processor can transmit a query for analyte-data-request records to the social network, receive an indication of an analyte-data-request record from the social network, and transmit the determined analyte data or physiologic data to the social network in response to the indication. The processor can alternatively retrieve user credentials from a storage device, transmit the credentials and the analyte data to the social network, retrieve from the social network different-user response data corresponding to the transmission, and present an indication of the response data. Methods for processing analyte or physiologic data are also described.

Abstract: Techniques for mounting a sensor are disclosed. In some implementations, a molded interconnect device carries a sensor for transducing a position of a rotor of the implantable blood pump. The molded interconnect device includes one or more integrated electronic circuit traces configured to electrically connect the Hall sensor with a printed circuit board of the implantable blood pump, and the molded interconnect device is configured to be mounted to the printed circuit board.

Abstract: A planar ammonia selective sensing electrode for water quality monitoring and a manufacturing method of the sensing electrode are provided. The sensing electrode includes an insulating base plate, an electric-conductive layer, an ammonium ion sensing layer, a hydroxide ion sensing layer, and an electrolyte layer. The electric-conductive layer is disposed on the planar surface of the insulating base plate. The electric-conductive layer includes a first conductive part and a second conductive part. The first conductive part and the second conductive part are insulated and apart from each other, and configured to form a first reaction zone and a second reaction zone, respectively. The ammonium ion sensing layer is disposed on the first reaction zone. The hydroxide ion sensing layer is disposed on the second reaction zone. The electrolyte layer is disposed on and covers the ammonium ion sensing layer and the hydroxide ion sensing layer.

Abstract: Disclosed are a nanopipette provided with a membrane containing a saturated ion-sensitive material, a method for preparing the same, and an ion measuring apparatus comprising the same.

Abstract: A biological test strip with isolation structure includes a substrate having a testing portion and a measuring portion; an electrode disposed on the substrate and including an operation electrode and an auxiliary electrode, the operation electrode having a first operating end and a first reading end, the auxiliary electrode having a second operating end and a second reading end; a first flow confining member surrounding the first operating end; and a second flow confining member surrounding the first flow confining member and the second operating end, with a height of the second flow confining member larger than a height of the first flow confining member. Therefore, the flowing scope of the dropped liquid is confined, so as to fix the square measure of the dropped liquid contacting the electrode and thereby improve the analysis repeatability.

Abstract: A urine detection method and a urine detection device are disclosed.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a cell for felt electrode characterization which analyzes a characteristic of a felt electrode used in a redox flow battery. According to the present invention, the cell for felt electrode characterization can accurately analyze an electrical characteristic of the felt electrode by adjusting contact strength applied to the working electrode to be constant by adjusting the thickness of the first support that supports one side of the working electrode.

Abstract: A disposable electrochemical test sensor designed to facilitate sampling of fluid samples. It has a fluid chamber having a novel extra wide sampling entrance, but no additional air escape vent. The chamber provides a reservoir from which a sample fluid can be drawn into the chamber through capillary action. The sampling entrance provided can draw fluid into the chamber through any part of the opening, allowing easy targeting the samples with small volume, picking up smeared samples, and added tolerance to users who jam the tip of the sensor into users' finger. The sampling entrance also serves as air escape vent. Such one opening sensor alleviates over-flow issue often encountered in convenient sensors.

Abstract: Devices are provided for measurement of an analyte concentration, e.g., glucose in a host. The device can include a sensor configured to generate a signal associated with a concentration of an analyte; and a sensing membrane located over the sensor. The sensing membrane comprises a diffusion resistance domain configured to control a flux of the analyte therethrough. The diffusion resistance domain comprises one or more zwitterionic compounds and a base polymer comprising both hydrophilic and hydrophobic regions.

Abstract: A test strip and analytical apparatus have pin connections permitting the definition of geographic regions or of particular customers. A test strip made for use in a particular region or for a particular customer will have pin connections matching features of the apparatus made for use in that region or by that customer. Insertion of the strip into the apparatus does not merely turn on the apparatus, but provides the regional or customer coding. Analog switches within the apparatus allow coding of a larger number of distinct regions or customers than would otherwise be possible, all without degrading the quality of the measurements made of the fluid being tested. Conductive paths in the strips permit testing the strips during manufacture so as to detect quality lapses regarding the printing or deposition of the paths.

Abstract: The invention provides electrochemical-based modules useful for the determination of an analyte in a bodily fluid sample. The modules of the invention provide opposed electrodes, but the contact areas for making electrical contact between the electrodes and the analyte measurement device are coplanar.

Abstract: Devices and methods for positioning a portion of a sensor at a first predetermined location, displacing the portion of the sensor from the first predetermined location to a second predetermined location, and detecting one or signals associated with an analyte level of a patient at the second predetermined location are disclosed. Also provided are systems and kits for use in analyte monitoring.

Abstract: This sensor has a diverter, such as a convex portion (608) and a concave portion (508), on the side wall (408) of a cavity (308). A biological sample deposited in a suction opening (52) is drawn into the cavity (308) by capillary action, but if the amount of biological sample is too small, either the biological sample is prevented from moving forward by the convex portion (608) and the concave portion (508), or the time it takes to reach a detecting electrode (33) is increased, which provides the user enough time to supply additional biological sample before a false detection occurs.

Abstract: The application relates to a conductivity measurement cell for measuring the concentration of a preselected biomarker or analyte in a body fluid, such as urine. In order to reduce the effect of sample dilution on measured concentration, the measured concentration can be normalized by a dilution factor, which can be determined from electrical conductivity. A test strip and measurement apparatus is disclosed for performing such normalized concentration measurement.

Abstract: A test strip with an incorporated optical waveguide and deflectors punched through the optical waveguide allows light to exit through a layer of the test strip and be detected by a photo detector. Using light and a photodetector, these uniquely coded strips are identified. The waveguide can be constructed by sandwiching two layers of the test strip around a light transmissible layer. This configuration allows light to be transmitted through the test strip and out the other end, as well as allowing some light to escape the deflector. This light is detected by a photodetector mounted in the analyte test meter. The deflectors may be placed in patterns such that detection of this light indicates certain characteristics of the strip, such as non-counterfeit, regional identification, type of analyte tested, and coding information.

Abstract: An analytical test strip (“ATT”) for use with a test meter includes a first insulating layer, with a first insulating layer upper surface, and a first electrically conductive layer (“ECL”) disposed thereon. The first ECL includes a first electrode portion (“EP”) and an electrical contact pad in electrical communication with the first EP. The ATT also includes a patterned spacer layer disposed above the first ECL that includes (i) a distal portion defining a bodily fluid sample-receiving chamber therein that overlies the first EP and (ii) an insulating proximal portion with an upper surface having a second ECL disposed thereon. The second ECL includes an interlayer contact portion and an electrical contact pad. A third ECL of the ATT includes a second EP and a proximal portion that overlies the interlayer contact portion. The second EP is disposed overlying and exposed to the sample-receiving chamber in an opposing relationship to the first EP.

Abstract: A biosensor strip with improved sample area design is disclosed, in which a specimen flowing in a flow channel is siphoned into another flow channel which has two hydrophilic layers attached to two respective sides of the same for enhancing the siphoning of the specimen. In an embodiment, by the doping of a hydrophilic material into an enzyme layer of the biosensor strip, the specimen that is being siphoning rapidly is able to mixed with the enzyme fully so as to enhance the measurement accuracy of a biological instrument using the biosensor strip.

Abstract: Devices, systems, and methods for detecting molecules of interest within a collected sample are described herein. In certain embodiments, self-contained sample analysis systems are disclosed, which include a reusable reader component, a disposable cartridge component, and a disposable sample collection component. In some embodiments, the reader component communicates with a remote computing device for the digital transmission of test protocols and test results. In various disclosed embodiments, the systems, components, and methods are configured to identify the presence, absence, and/or quantity of particular nucleic acids, proteins, or other analytes of interest, for example, in order to test for the presence of one or more pathogens or contaminants in a sample.

Abstract: Devices to detect detecting endotoxin (lipopolysaccharide or LPS) and/or 1-3-?-D-glucan (beta glucan or BG) using substrates including electrogenic mediators for amperometric detection are provided herein. Substrates include an amine group as well as one or more substituted organic rings, such as a phenol. Devices include cartridges for detecting LPS or BG simultaneously using dual detection techniques.

Abstract: A detection method for a sensor membrane formed of europium titanium oxide as part of a biosensor by using PNIPAAm for wrapping enzymes includes adding 1.0 g of NIPAAm powder to 20 ml water, heating same at 60° C. to form NIPAAm solution, and cooling the NIPAAm solution; adding 200 ?l of 98.7 wt % of APS and 50 ?l of 99 wt % of TEMED to the NIPAAm solution, uniformly mixing same, and reacting the mixture for 30 hours to prepare a transparent, gel PNIPAAm; adding 5 mg enzymes to 100 ?l of 1×PBS buffer solution, uniformly mixing same, adding 100 ?l of PNIPAAm to the buffer solution, and uniformly mixing the buffer solution; placing a biosensor on a heater for heating at a constant temperature of 37° C. with the biosensor being an EIS sensor having a sensor membrane formed of EuTixOy; and taking a measurement.

Abstract: Embodiments of the invention include analyte-responsive compositions and electrochemical analyte sensors having a sensing layer that includes an analyte-responsive enzyme and a cationic polymer. Also provided are systems and methods of making the sensors and using the electrochemical analyte sensors in analyte monitoring.

Abstract: A flux limiting layer for an intravenous amperometric biosensor is formed on a substrate to limit a diffusion rate of an analyte from blood to an enzyme electrode. The layer may be formed from ethylene vinylacetate (EVA) dissolved in a solvent such as paraxylene, spray-coated to cover a portion of the electrode, and cured to seal the electrode to the substrate. In a glucose sensor having glucose oxidase disposed on the electrode, thickness and concentration of the EVA layer are optimized to promote a linear output of electrode current as a function of blood glucose concentration.

Abstract: The invention provides an implantable membrane for regulating the transport of analytes therethrough that includes a matrix including a first polymer; and a second polymer dispersed throughout the matrix, wherein the second polymer forms a network of microdomains which when hydrated are not observable using photomicroscopy at 400× magnification or less. In one aspect, the homogeneous membrane of the present invention has hydrophilic domains dispersed substantially throughout a hydrophobic matrix to provide an optimum balance between oxygen and glucose transport to an electrochemical glucose sensor.

Abstract: The present invention provides an electrochemical sensor comprising a substrate, an electrically conductive layer made of carbon particles which is disposed on the substrate, a cell membrane mimetic structure layer containing an enzyme at least one of inside the cell membrane mimetic structure layer and on the interface of the cell membrane mimetic structure layer which is disposed on the electrically conductive layer.

Abstract: The present invention relates to improved electrochemical biosensor strips and methods for determining the concentration of an analyte in a sample. By selectively measuring a measurable species residing in a diffusion barrier layer, to the substantial exclusion of the measurable species residing exterior to the diffusion barrier layer, measurement errors introduced by sample constituents, such as red blood cells, and manufacturing variances may be reduced.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a device that functions as a glucose sensor. The device has a reference electrode; a counter electrode, a working electrode; an electrically conducting membrane; an enzyme layer; a semi-permeable membrane; a first layer of a first hydrogel in operative communication with the working electrode; the first layer of the first hydrogel being operative to store oxygen; wherein the amount of stored oxygen is proportional to the number of freeze-thaw cycles that the hydrogel is subjected to; and a second layer of the second hydrogel. Disclosed too is a method that comprises using periodically biased amperometry towards interrogation of implantable glucose sensors to improve both sensor's sensitivity and linearity while at the same time enable internal calibration against sensor drifts that originate from changes in either electrode activity or membrane permeability as a result of fouling, calcification and/or fibrosis.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present invention relate to a sensor membrane. The sensor membrane comprises one or more conversion layers wherein the one or more conversion layers are capable of converting a non-charged analyte into a charged species, one or more polymeric layers wherein the one or more polymeric layers act as matrices to host the one or more conversion layers and wherein the one or more conversion layers and one or more polymeric layers create oppositely charged regions within the membrane.

Abstract: Embodiments of the invention include analyte-responsive compositions and electrochemical analyte sensors having a sensing layer that includes an analyte-responsive enzyme and a cationic polymer. Also provided are systems and methods of making the sensors and using the electrochemical analyte sensors in analyte monitoring.

Abstract: A disposable urea sensor has a laminated body having a fluid sample inlet end and an electrical contact end, a fluid sample inlet, a substantially flat sample chamber in communication between the fluid sample inlet and a vent opening, the sample chamber being adapted to collect a fluid sample through the fluid sample inlet, a working electrode and a reference electrode within the sample chamber, and a reagent matrix disposed on the working electrode wherein the reagent matrix contains urease.

Abstract: An electrochemical test device is provided having a base layer with a first electrode thereon and a top layer with a second electrode thereon. The two electrodes are separated by a spacer layer having an opening therein, such that a sample-receiving space is defined with one electrode on the top surface, the other electrodes on the bottom surface and side walls formed from edges of the opening in the spacer. Reagents for performing the electrochemical reaction are deposited on one of the electrodes and on the side walls of the sample-receiving space.

Abstract: An electrochemical test sensor for detecting the analyte concentration of a fluid test sample includes a base, a dielectric layer, a reagent layer and a lid. The base provides a flow path for the test sample having on its surface a counter electrode and a working electrode adapted to electrically communicate with a detector of electrical current. The dielectric layer forms a dielectric window therethrough. The reagent layer includes an enzyme that is adapted to react with the analyte. The lid is adapted to mate with the base and to assist in forming a capillary space with an opening for the introduction of the test sample thereto. At least a portion of the width of the counter electrode is greater than the width of the working electrode.

Abstract: In some aspects, an analyte sensor is provided for detecting an analyte concentration level in a bio-fluid sample. The analyte sensor has a base with first and second ends, a concave recess in the first end, a second end receiving surface, and a sidewall extending between the ends. An electrode may be provided on the receiving surface with an electrochemically-active region coupled to the electrode. A conductor in electrical contact with the electrode may extend along the sidewall and may be adapted to be in electrical contact with a first contact of an analyte meter. Manufacturing methods and systems utilizing and dispensing the analyte sensors are provided, as are numerous other aspects.

Abstract: A method of determining concentrations of a plurality of analytes from a single blood sample placed in a single opening. A portion of the single blood sample is absorbed by a test matrix that includes a plurality of layers and a chromogenic agent. A colored response is generated by the test matrix. The colored response is proportional to the concentration of a first analyte. A portion of the single blood sample is drawn into a capillary tube and placed in contact with an electrode and a counter-electrode. An electrical property of the single blood sample is analyzed through the electrode and counter-electrode. The electrical property is proportional to the concentration of a second analyte in the single blood sample.

Abstract: Novel membranes comprising various polymers containing heterocyclic nitrogen groups are described. These membranes are usefully employed in electrochemical sensors, such as amperometric biosensors. More particularly, these membranes effectively regulate a flux of analyte to a measurement electrode in an electrochemical sensor, thereby improving the functioning of the electrochemical sensor over a significant range of analyte concentrations. Electrochemical sensors equipped with such membranes are also described.

Abstract: A biosensor for determining the concentration of an analyte in a biological sample. The biosensor comprises a support, a reference electrode or a counter electrode or both disposed on the support, a working electrode disposed on the support, the working electrode spaced apart from the other electrode or electrodes on the support, a covering layer defining a sample chamber over the electrodes, an aperture in the covering layer for receiving a sample, and at least one layer of mesh in the sample chamber between the covering layer and the electrodes. The at least one layer of mesh has coated thereon a silicone surfactant. Certain silicone surfactants are as effective as fluorinated surfactants with respect to performance of biosensors. These surfactants, when coated onto the mesh layer of the biosensor, are effective in facilitating the transport of aqueous test samples, such as blood, in the sample chamber.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an analytical tool 1 which includes a flow path for moving a sample, and a working electrode 15 and a counter electrode 16 including active portions 15c, 16c, 16d for coming into contact with the sample supplied to the flow path and which is mounted in use to an analytical apparatus. The active portions 16c, 16d of the counter electrode 16 include a first active portion 16c and a second active portion 16d divided within the flow path. The working electrode 15 and the counter electrode 16 include contact ends 15a, 16a for coming into contact with terminals of an analytical apparatus when the analytical tool 1 is mounted to the analytical apparatus. At least one of the working electrode 15 and the counter electrode 16 includes a first electrode portion 16B which includes the contact end 16a and the first active portion 16c and a second electrode portion 16C which includes the second active portion 16d.

Abstract: A porous electroconductive material is provided. The electroconductive material enables efficient enzymatic metabolic reactions on electrodes and yields electrodes having immobilized enzymes thereon which remain stable in any working environment. The porous electroconductive material, which has a three-dimensional network structure, is formed from a skeleton of porous material and a carbonaceous material covering the surface of the skeleton. The porous material constituting the skeleton is foamed metal or alloy. This porous electroconductive material is made into an electrode, and enzymes are immobilized on this electrode. The resulting electrode with immobilized enzymes thereon is used as the anode of a bio-fuel cell.

Abstract: A small diameter flexible electrode designed for subcutaneous in vivo amperometric monitoring of glucose is described. The electrode is designed to allow “one-point” in vivo calibration, i.e., to have zero output current at zero glucose concentration, even in the presence of other electroreactive species of serum or blood. The electrode is preferably layered, with the layers serially deposited within a recess upon the tip of a polyamide insulated gold wire. A first glucose concentration-to-current transducing layer can be overcoated with an electrically insulating and glucose flux limiting layer (second layer) on which, optionally, an immobilized interference-eliminating horseradish peroxidase based film is deposited. An outer layer is preferably biocompatible.

Abstract: A small diameter flexible electrode designed for subcutaneous in vivo amperometric monitoring of glucose is described. The electrode is designed to allow “one-point” in vivo calibration, i.e., to have zero output current at zero glucose concentration, even in the presence of other electroreactive species of serum or blood. The electrode is preferably layered, with the layers serially deposited within a recess upon the tip of a polyamide insulated gold wire. A first glucose concentration-to-current transducing layer can be overcoated with an electrically insulating and glucose flux limiting layer (second layer) on which, optionally, an immobilized interference-eliminating horseradish peroxidase based film is deposited. An outer layer is preferably biocompatible.

Abstract: The invention relates to a biosensor comprising an electrically conductive substrate, with a first layer comprising Ruthenium Purple formed on the substrate, a second layer comprising polyaniline or a derivative thereof comprising one or more non-polar substituents formed on the first layer, and a third layer comprising one or more enzymes trapped within a matrix formed on the second layer. The biosensor is for use in the detection of analytes such as purines and derivatives thereof, particularly in the detection of hypoxanthine.

Abstract: Novel membranes comprising various polymers containing heterocyclic nitrogen groups are described. These membranes are usefully employed in electrochemical sensors, such as amperometric biosensors. More particularly, these membranes effectively regulate a flux of analyte to a measurement electrode in an electrochemical sensor, thereby improving the functioning of the electrochemical sensor over a significant range of analyte concentrations. Electrochemical sensors equipped with such membranes are also described.

Abstract: Novel membranes comprising various polymers containing heterocyclic nitrogen groups are described. These membranes are usefully employed in electrochemical sensors, such as amperometric biosensors. More particularly, these membranes effectively regulate a flux of analyte to a measurement electrode in an electrochemical sensor, thereby improving the functioning of the electrochemical sensor over a significant range of analyte concentrations. Electrochemical sensors equipped with such membranes are also described.

Abstract: The present invention provides an electrochemical sensor having a sensing chemistry that operates substantially free of any “oxygen effect”. The electrochemical sensors are useful in determining the level of an analyte in a biological sample from a subject. The present invention also provides sensor assemblies including the electrochemical sensors as well as methods of using the same.

Abstract: Bis-(4,4?dimethyl-2,2?bipyridyl) picolinate osmium complexes are useful as mediators in the electrochemical test strips, such as those used in the detection of glucose.

Abstract: Electrochemical devices, methods, and systems for detecting and quantifying analytes are disclosed. A chemical detection reagent is locally generated in a test solution by electrochemical reaction of a precursor compound caused to migrate into the test solution from a precursor solution separated from the test solution by a cell separator. This approach provides precise metering of the reagent, via the charge passed, and avoids the need to store a reagent solution that may be chemically unstable. In one embodiment, the starch concentration in a colloidal solution can be measured via spectroscopic detection of a blue complex formed by the interaction of starch with iodine produced, on demand, by electrochemical oxidation of iodide ion. The approach may also be used to characterize certain types of analytes. The invention is amenable to automation and is particularly useful for on-line monitoring of production processes, including the inclusion of feed back loop mechanisms for process control.

Abstract: The present invention relates generally to systems and methods for improved electrochemical measurement of analytes. The preferred embodiments employ electrode systems including an analyte-measuring electrode for measuring the analyte or the product of an enzyme reaction with the analyte and an auxiliary electrode configured to generate oxygen and/or reduce electrochemical interferants. Oxygen generation by the auxiliary electrode advantageously improves oxygen availability to the enzyme and/or counter electrode; thereby enabling the electrochemical sensors of the preferred embodiments to function even during ischemic conditions. Interferant modification by the auxiliary electrode advantageously renders them substantially non-reactive at the analyte-measuring electrode, thereby reducing or eliminating inaccuracies in the analyte signal due to electrochemical interferants.