Abstract: Nickel-cobalt materials, methods of forming a nickel-cobalt material, and methods of thermally stabilizing a nickel-cobalt material are provided. A nickel-cobalt material may include a metal matrix composite with amorphous regions and crystalline regions substantially encompassed by a nanocrystalline grain structure with a grain size distribution of about 50 nanometers to about 800 nanometers, and the nanocrystalline grain structure may include widespread intragranular twinning. The metal matrix composite may have a chemical makeup that includes nickel, cobalt, and a dopant such as phosphorus and/or boron. A nickel-cobalt material may be heat treated within a first temperature zone below the onset temperature for grain growth and then within a second temperature zone above the onset temperature for grain growth in the material. Chemical composition and heat treatment may yield a thermally stabilized nickel-cobalt material.

Abstract: A method of forming a metal magnetic film includes forming the metal magnetic film by a plating process, wherein the metal magnetic film comprises a permalloy and carbon atoms and a content of the carbon atoms is 0.3 to 3.0 at % based on a total amount of the carbon atoms and metal elements.

Abstract: A magnetoresistive magnetic tunnel junction (MTJ) stack includes a free magnetic region, a fixed magnetic region, and a dielectric layer positioned between the free magnetic region and the fixed magnetic region. In one aspect, the fixed magnetic region consists essentially of an unpinned, fixed synthetic anti-ferromagnetic (SAF) structure which comprises (i) a first layer of one or more ferromagnetic materials, including cobalt, (ii) a multi-layer region including a plurality of layers of ferromagnetic materials, wherein the plurality of layers of ferromagnetic materials include a layer of one or more ferromagnetic materials including cobalt, and (iii) an anti-ferromagnetic coupling layer disposed between the first layer and the multi-layer region. The free magnetic region may include a circular shape, the one or more ferromagnetic materials of the first layer may include cobalt, iron and boron, and the dielectric layer may be disposed on the first layer.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a plating apparatus and a plating method for partially forming a plating film on an object to be plated. The plating apparatus includes: a rotary electrode configured to be rotatable; a plating solution holding unit arranged to the rotary electrode and configured to hold a plating solution; and a power supply unit configured to apply a voltage between the portion to be plated and the rotary electrode.

Abstract: Stacked magnetic cores that can achieve high density with a small footprint, as well as methods of fabricating and using the same, are provided. A stacked magnetic core can be fabricated by depositing nanomagnetic films with control in composition and nanostructure via a continuous electroplating process. The magnetic films are interspersed with thin adhesive films (that can be insulating) in an automated roll-to-roll process. That is, the magnetic films and adhesive films are disposed in an alternating fashion. The adhesive films can keep the magnetic films completely electrically isolated from each other, while also adhering adjacent magnetic films to each other.

Abstract: An electrolyte solution for iron-tungsten plating is prepared by dissolving in an aqueous medium a divalent iron salt (e.g., iron (II) sulfate) and an alkali metal citrate (e.g., sodium citrate, potassium citrate, or other alkali metal citrate) to form a first solution, dissolving in the first solution a tungstate salt (e.g., sodium tungstate, potassium tungstate, or other potassium tungstate) to form a second solution, and dissolving in the second solution a citric acid to form the electrolyte solution. An iron-tungsten coating is formed on a substrate using the electrolyte solution by passing a current between a cathode and an anode through the electrolyte solution to deposit iron and tungsten on the substrate.

Abstract: Bipolar current electrodeposits a nanocrystalline grain size. Polarity Ratio relates the absolute value of time integrated amplitude of negative polarity and positive polarity current. Grain size can be controlled in alloys of two or more components, one of which being a metal, and one of which being most electro-active. Typically the more electro-active material is preferentially lessened in the deposit during negative current. The deposit is relatively crack and void free. Grain size is typically a function of deposit composition, which is typically a function of Polarity Ratio. Specified grain size can be achieved by selecting a corresponding Polarity Ratio. Coatings can be in layers, each having a grain size, which can vary layer to layer and also in a graded fashion. A finished article may be built upon a substrate of electro-conductive plastic, or metal, including steels, aluminum, brass. The substrate may remain, or be removed.

Abstract: A magnetoresistive data writer and reader may be generally configured at least with a magnetoresistive (MR) element contacting a magnetic shield that is contrasted of (Ni78Fe22)99.8O0.2 material. The magnetic shield may be formed with an electrodeposition process that uses ?-diketones derivatives to form nano-crystalline grain structure after a subsequent annealing at temperatures above 400° C.

Abstract: A method includes removing a casting shell and core from a cast component, which may be a gas turbine blade. The method further includes utilizing a focused removal technique, such as a water jet or laser drill, to remove a portion of a virtual pattern cast (VPC) shell from the cast component. The cast component is then exposed to a leaching solution and high pressure water wash to remove an internal core material and a portion of the VPC shell remainder from the cast component. The method further includes exposing the cast component to a high agitation leaching solution and to the high pressure water wash for a minimal time. An electroless nickel-boron coating is then applied to the cast component, and an electrolytic palladium coating is further applied to the cast component. The cast component is further exposed to a high agitation leaching solution for an extended period.

Abstract: A method is described for forming a magnetic recording head substrate. The method includes utilizing a metal feature on the magnetic recording head substrate as a grounding path. The magnetic recording head substrate is submerged in a solution containing ions of a second material, and the ions of the second material are electrodeposited on the magnetic recording head substrate.

Abstract: The present invention provides an electromagnetic shielding gasket and a method for making the same, wherein good electrical conductivity and magnetic diffusivity are achieved by electroplating a layer of Co/Ni alloy according to an appropriate ratio on an open-cell foam, and the gasket can accomplish shielding function for electrical field and magnetic field at the same time.

Abstract: Aspects of the present disclosure are directed to electrochemical approaches for synthesis of platinum-iridium alloys with selected platinum-iridium ratio content and subsequently predetermined mechanical properties and electrochemical impedance properties. Such can provide a simple and cost-effective process for preparing these electrodes, as compared to conventional thin film processing techniques. A three-electrode electrochemical electrodeposition system is described including an electrochemical cell with a working electrode on which the electrodeposited film is deposited, a counter electrode to complete the electrochemical circuit and a reference electrode to measure and control surface potential. Mixed layers of platinum atoms and iridium atoms can be deposited from electrolyte solution onto the working electrode surface to create an electrically conductive surface with material properties related to the composition of the as-deposited film.

Abstract: The invention relates to a cathode for hydrogen evolution in electrolysis cells, for instance chlor-alkali cells or cells for producing chlorate or hypochlorite, obtained starting from a substrate of nickel or other conductive material galvanically coated with nickel co-deposited with an amorphous molybdenum oxide.

Abstract: Disclosed is an electroplating method for printed circuit board. The method includes: providing a printed circuit board including a circuit pattern, a pad part on which components are mounted, a terminal part for electrical connection to an external device, and a connector part; masking the portion of the printed circuit board other than the terminal part and the connector part; dipping the printed circuit board in a nickel-tungsten alloy plating solution including a water-soluble nickel compound, a water-soluble tungsten compound, a complexing agent, and a ductility improver; forming a nickel-tungsten alloy plated layer on each of the exposed portions of the terminal part and the connector part by direct-current (DC) electroplating; and forming a gold-containing plated layer on the nickel-tungsten alloy plated layer by DC electroplating.

Abstract: A method and system plates CoFeX, where X is an insertion metal. The method and system include providing a plating solution including hydroxymethyl-p-tolylsulfone (HPT). The plating solution being configured to provide a CoFeX film having a high saturation magnetic flux density of greater than 2.3 Tesla and not more than 3 weight percent of X. The method and system also include plating the CoFeX film on a substrate in the plating solution. In some aspects, the plated CoFeX film may be used in structures such as main poles of a magnetic recording head.

Abstract: Methods for the use of nanocrystalline or amorphous metals or alloys as coatings with industrial processes are provided. Three, specific, such methods have been detailed. One of the preferred embodiments provides a method for the high volume electrodeposition of many components with a nanocrystalline or amorphous metal or alloy, and the components produced thereby. Another preferred embodiment provides a method for application of a nanocrystalline or amorphous coatings in a continuous electrodeposition process and the product produced thereby. Another of the preferred embodiments of the present invention provides a method for reworking and/or rebuilding components and the components produced thereby.

Abstract: The invention is an apparatus and method for forming highly uniform layers of metal on a substrate by electro-deposition. The substrate is electroplated in a bath composed of a quiescent (i.e., no external agitation) electrolyte solution using an effective constant current density carefully selected to match the chemical composition of the electrolyte.

Abstract: Presented are one or more aspects and/or one or more embodiments of catalysts, methods of preparation of catalyst, methods of deoxygenation, and methods of fuel production.

Abstract: Presented are one or more aspects and/or one or more embodiments of catalysts, methods of preparation of catalyst, methods of deoxygenation, and methods of fuel production.

Abstract: Methods for the use of nanocrystalline or amorphous metals or alloys as coatings with industrial processes are provided. Three, specific, such methods have been detailed. One of the preferred embodiments provides a method for the high volume electrodeposition of many components with a nanocrystalline or amorphous metal or alloy, and the components produced thereby. Another preferred embodiment provides a method for application of a nanocrystalline or amorphous coatings in a continuous electrodeposition process and the product produced thereby. Another of the preferred embodiments of the present invention provides a method for reworking and/or rebuilding components and the components produced thereby.

Abstract: Methods of making write poles for perpendicular magnetic recording write heads. The bevel angle of the write pole for a perpendicular magnetic recording write head affects the performance of the write head. By forming reinforcement layer on the polymeric underlayer mask to enhance the mask durability during ion mill and tapering the polymeric underlayer above the non-magnetic mill mask layer using oxygen and nitrogen based reactive ion etch process, the bevel angle of the magnetic write pole can be increased greatly to meet the demands of the next and future generations of magnetic recording write heads.

Abstract: Systems and methods for electrodepositing a nickel-cobalt alloy using a rotating cylinder electrode assembly with a plating surface and an electrical contact. The assembly is placed within a plating bath and rotated while running a plating cycle. Nickel-cobalt alloy deposition is selectively controlled by controlling current density distribution and/or cobalt content in the plating bath while running the plating cycle to deposit an alloy of a desired yield strength onto the plating surface in a single plating cycle. In various embodiments, the rotating cylinder may be used as an insitu monitoring method to assist in obtaining the properties desired.

Abstract: The present invention provides a steel sheet for a container including a cold-rolled steel sheet and a composite film formed on the cold-rolled steel sheet through an electrolysis process in a solution containing: at least one metal ion of an Sn ion, an Fe ion, and an Ni ion; Zr ion; a nitric acid ion: and an ammonium ion, in which the composite film contains at least one element of: Zr of 0.1 to 100 mg/m2 in equivalent units of metal Zr; Sn of 0.3 to 20 g/m2 in equivalent units of metal Sn; Fe of 5 to 2000 mg/m2 in equivalent units of metal Fe; and Ni of 5 to 2000 mg/m2 in equivalent units of metal Ni.

Abstract: Soluble nickel and tin contained in a coating layer are eluted into an aqueous solution by bringing a cathode coated with a nickel-tin alloy into contact with an aqueous solution of an alkali metal hydrogen carbonate such as sodium hydrogen carbonate, thereby reducing the amounts of these metals eluted during electrolysis.

Abstract: Disclosed are metal plating compositions for plating a metal on a substrate. The metal plating compositions include compounds which influence the leveling and throwing performance of the metal plating compositions. Also disclosed are methods of depositing metals on a substrate.

Abstract: Disclosed are metal plating compositions and methods. The metal plating compositions provide good leveling performance and throwing power.

Abstract: A magnetic material comprises 50-80 wt % of Cobalt, 9-15 wt % of Nickel, 10-25 wt % of Rhenium, 0.1 to 2.0 wt % of Phosphorus, and 5-10 wt % of Tungsten or Platinum. It can be formed as a layer having good vertical magnetic properties (e.g. when magnetised it can provide a high magnetic field strength in the direction perpendicular to the plane of the layer). The layer preferably has a thickness of above 1 ?m. It can be formed by electroplating. The layer is useful for inclusion in a MEMS device.

Abstract: A method of forming a write pole in a PMR head is disclosed that involves forming an opening in a mold forming layer. A conformal Ru seed layer is formed within the opening and on a top surface. An auxiliary layer made of CoFeNi or alloys thereof is formed as a conformal layer on the seed layer. All or part of the auxiliary layer is removed in an electroplating solution by applying a (?) current or voltage during an activation step that is controlled by activation time. Thereafter, a magnetic material is electroplated with a (+) current to fill the opening and preferably has the same CoFeNi composition as the auxiliary layer. The method avoids Ru oxidation that causes poor adhesion to CoFeNi, and elevated surfactant levels that lead to write pole impurities. Voids in the plated material are significantly reduced by forming a seed layer surface with improved wettability.

Abstract: An electrolytic composition for the deposition of a matt metal layer onto a substrate and deposition process where the composition comprises a source of metal from the group consisting of Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Ru, Rh, Pd, Ag, In, Sn, Sb, Re, Pt, Au, Bi, and combinations thereof; a substituted or unsubstituted polyalkylene oxide or its derivative as an emulsion and/or dispersion former; and a compound comprising fluorated or perfluorated hydrophobic chains or which is a polyalkylene oxide substituted quaternary ammonium compound as wetting agent; wherein the electrolytic composition forms a microemulsion and/or dispersion.

Abstract: A magnetic layer that may serve as a top pole layer and bottom pole layer in a magnetic write head is disclosed. The magnetic layer has a composition represented by FeWCoXNiYVZ in which w, x, y, and z are the atomic % of Fe, Co, Ni, and V, respectively, and where w is between about 60 and 85, x is between about 10 and 30, y is between 0 and about 20, z is between about 0.1 and 3, and wherein w+x+y+z=100. An electroplating process having a plating current density of 3 to 30 mA/cm2 is used to deposit the magnetic layer and involves an electrolyte solution with a small amount of VOSO4 which is the V source. The resulting magnetic layer has a magnetic saturation flux density BS greater than 1.9 Telsa and a resistivity ? higher than 70 ?ohms-cm.

Abstract: Disclosed are methods and compositions for aqueous electrodeposition of rare earth-transitional metal alloys comprising samarium-cobalt. Also disclosed are nanostructured magnetic coatings comprising a magnetic alloy of a rare earth metal, namely samarium, and a transition metal, namely cobalt.

Abstract: A process is described for the fabrication, through electrodeposition, of FexCoyNiz (x=60-71, y=25-35, z=0-5) films that have, in their as-deposited form, a saturation magnetization of at least 24 kG and a coercivity of less than 0.3 Oe. A key feature is the addition of aryl sulfinates to the plating bath along with a suitable seed layer.

Abstract: The invention relates to polymers which comprise at least partially cross-linked main chains constructed from repeat units of the general formula I and possibly repeat units of the general formula II and also possibly repeat units comprising five- or six-membered aza aromatics or nitrogen-containing heterocycles. Polymers of this type are used as additive in electroplating baths since these enable a better layer thickness distribution of the electroplated layer.

Abstract: Disclosed are metal plating compositions for plating a metal on a substrate. The metal plating compositions include compounds which influence the leveling and throwing performance of the metal plating compositions. Also disclosed are methods of depositing metals on a substrate.

Abstract: Disclosed are metal plating compositions and methods. The metal plating compositions provide good leveling performance and throwing power.

Abstract: An electrolyte and method of producing the same. In one embodiment, the electrolyte includes water, ascorbic acid, a phosphorous donor, ammonium perchlorate, ferrous perchlorate, cobalt perchlorate, and a buffering agent.

Abstract: An electrodeposition process of platinum and platinum-based alloy nano-particles with addition of ethylene glycol is disclosed. An acidic solution which contains metal chloride includes at least one platinum-based chloride and the alloy thereof, and ethylene glycol are introduced into a reactor as an electrodeposition solution. By applying an external negative potential, platinum particles or platinum-based alloy particles are deposited on the substrate. The above acidic solution is able to provide ionic conductivity during electrodeposition. The added ethylene glycol effectively enhances the removal of chlorine from metal chlorides. Meanwhile, ethylene glycol is used as stabilizer to prevent the particles from aggregation onto the substrate, thereby increasing the dispersion of deposited particles.

Abstract: A method of processing a printed wiring board. Initial processing steps are implemented on the printed wiring board. Copper is plated on the printed wiring board from a bath containing nickel and copper. Nickel is plated on the printed wiring board from a bath containing nickel and copper and final processing steps are implemented on the printed wiring board.

Abstract: Free standing articles or articles at least partially coated with substantially porosity free, fine-grained and/or amorphous Co-bearing metallic materials optionally containing solid particulates dispersed therein, are disclosed. The electrodeposited metallic layers and/or patches comprising Co provide, enhance or restore strength, wear and/or lubricity of substrates without reducing the fatigue performance compared to either uncoated or equivalent thickness chromium coated substrate. The fine-grained and/or amorphous metallic coatings comprising Co are particularly suited for articles exposed to thermal cycling, fatigue and other stresses and/or in applications requiring anti-microbial properties.

Abstract: The present invention provides a casting roll of a twin-roll strip caster, including: a nickel plating layer formed on an outer circumferential surface and an end surface of the casting roll; a nickel-boron alloy plating layer formed on the nickel plating layer located on the end surface of the casting roll; and a hard plating layer formed on the nickel plating layer located on the outer circumferential surface of the casting roll and an outer circumferential surface of the nickel-boron alloy plating layer located on the end surface of the casting roll. The present invention improves durability of the casting roll.

Abstract: A method for forming a modified platinum aluminide coating on a turbine engine component surface includes the step of forming a platinum layer on the turbine engine component surface. A bath is then prepared, including a mixture of a primary alcohol and a tertiary alcohol, and an electrolyte including an yttrium salt. Then, yttrium from the yttrium salt is electrodeposited onto the platinum layer. The component is heated to diffuse the yttrium into the platinum layer to form a modified platinum layer. Aluminum is then deposited onto the modified platinum layer, and the component is heated to diffuse the aluminum into the modified platinum layer to form a modified platinum aluminide layer.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of electrodes for use in a fuel cell comprising a membrane electrode assembly with a negative and a positive electrode is described, said process comprising the following steps: (i) providing an electrode substrate and (ii) coating said substrate electrolytically from a plating bath with a metal layer, said metal being selected from Ag, Au, Pd and its alloys.

Abstract: The invention relates to a lubricating metal coating and to a process for its preparation. The material constituting the coating in a composite material comprising a metal matrix within which talc particles are distributed as lamellae, the metal matrix being composed of a metal chosen from Fe, Co, Ni, Mn, Cr, Cu, W, Mo, Zn, Au, Ag, Pb or Sn or of an alloy of these metals or of a metal/semimetal alloy. The coating is obtained by a process consisting in carrying out an electrolytic deposition using a solution of precursors of the metal matrix of the coating which additionally comprises talc particles in suspension, which particles are modified at the surface by irreversible adsorption of a cellulose-derived compound by replacement of all or part of the hydroxyl groups.

Abstract: A metal film containing Ni as a main component and Mn and at least one element selected from the group consisting of the elements of Groups 3b, 4b, 5b, and 6b of the periodic table includes a central part and a peripheral part in which Mn and the element selected from the group consisting of the elements of Groups 3b, 4b, 5b, and 6b of the periodic table are present in a concentration higher in the peripheral part than that in the central part. The metal film used as a conductor layer can have an increased melting point at the peripheral part and thus can be prevented from shrinking during heating. The metal film used as a conductor layer in electronic components and the like can be prevented from plastically deforming or shrinking during heating so that the conductor layer can have a large effective area and high adhesion to ceramic layers.

Abstract: Coated articles and related methods are described. In some cases, the coated articles may exhibit high strength, hardness, brightness, abrasion resistance, corrosion resistance, and other desirable structural and functional properties. In some embodiments, the coatings may include an alloy, such as a nickel-tungsten alloy and/or metal oxides.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present invention improve the recording density of a magnetic disk drives by providing a write head capable of writing adequately on a narrow trackwidth and high coercivity recording media. According to one embodiment, a thin film magnetic head has a write head which comprises at least a main magnetic pole, a yoke and a return pole, wherein a magnetic film which constitutes at least a part of the main magnetic pole, the yoke or the return pole is formed by alternately plating first magnetic layers and second magnetic layers, each of the first magnetic layer being of the body-centered cubic phase and containing at least two of elements Co, Ni and Fe, and each of the second magnetic layer being of the face-centered cubic phase and containing at least two of elements Co, Ni and Fe. The thin-film magnetic head can attain high Bs even if the magnetic film is thinned. In addition, high ? can be attained even when the recording frequency is high.

Abstract: There is disclosed articles for and methods of confining volatile materials in the void volume defined by crystalline void materials. In one embodiment, the hydrogen isotopes are confined inside carbon nanotubes for storage and the production of energy. There is also disclosed a method of generating various reactions by confining the volatile materials inside the crystalline void structure and releasing the confined volatile material. In this embodiment, the released volatile material may be combined with a different material to initiate or sustain a chemical, thermal, nuclear, electrical, mechanical, or biological reaction.

Abstract: An electroplated film is deposited over a substrate with a plating frame pattern that includes a plating field defined by a plurality of individual features. By dividing the plating field into a plurality of individual features, the delamination force at any location on the plating field is greatly reduced. Thus, a film with a large stress, such as a high moment film, may be plated to a greater thickness than is possible with conventionally plated films.

Abstract: A process for cathodically reducing unwanted Fe+3 ions to needed Fe+2 ions in an acidic ferrous based plating bath without reducing agents is disclosed. An auxiliary potential of 0.1 to 0.3 volts vs. SCE is applied between the working electrode and a reference electrode and can reduce the molar ratio [Fe+3]/[Fe+2] to 1 ppm without depositing Fe or other metals on the working electrode or causing hydrogen evolution. The process is applicable to electroplating soft magnetic films such as NiFe, FeCo, and CoNiFe and can be performed during plating or during cell idling. The process is cost effective by reducing the amount of hazardous waste and tool down time due to routine solution swap. Other benefits are improved uniformity in composition and thickness of plated films because issues associated with decomposed reducing agents are avoided.

Abstract: A cobalt-iron-boron (CoFeB) film (100) is electrolessly deposited on a substrate (150) using a chloride plating bath. The plating bath may include a primary metal in a concentration of between approximately 0.05 moles per liter and approximately 0.4 moles per liter, a secondary metal in a concentration of between approximately 0.005 moles per liter and approximately 0.04 moles per liter, a complexing agent in a concentration of between approximately 0.15 and approximately 0.8 moles per liter, a pH buffer in a concentration of between approximately 0.5 and approximately 1.5 moles per liter, and a reducing agent in a concentration of between approximately 0.05 and approximately 0.25 moles per liter.