Abstract: Described are storage and dispensing vessels and related systems and methods, for dispensing reagent gas from a vessel in which the reagent gas is held in sorptive relationship to a solid adsorbent medium, the reagent gas being contained at super-atmospheric pressure and the solid adsorbent medium comprising a metal-organic framework.

Abstract: A hydrogen storage composition, a hydrogen storage container and a method for producing the hydrogen storage container are provided. The hydrogen storage composition includes a thermally-conductive material, a hydrogen storage material, and optionally a granular elastic material. The hydrogen storage container includes a canister body and the hydrogen storage composition. After the hydrogen storage composition is placed into a canister body, a vacuum environment within the canister body is created, and a first weight of the canister body is recorded. Then, hydrogen gas is charged into the canister body, and a second weight of the canister body is recorded. Then, a hydrogen storage amount is calculated according to the first weight and the second weight. If the hydrogen storage amount reaches the predetermined value, the hydrogen storage container is produced.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides for a porous gas sorbent monolith with superior gravimetric working capacity and volumetric capacity, a gas storage system including a porous gas sorbent monolith of the present disclosure, methods of making the same, and method for storing a gas. The porous gas sorbent monolith includes a gas adsorbing material and a non-aqueous binder.

Abstract: The present invention concerns a hydrogen store comprising a composite material including a hydrogenable material, a method for producing the hydrogen store and a device for producing the hydrogen store.

Abstract: A safety valve for a pressure vessel has a discharge line which extends away from a pressure relief unit. A substance fills an internal volume of the discharge line. At least one insulation element which is configured for at least reducing the thermal transmission in the discharge line in the axial direction of the discharge line is provided in the discharge line.

Abstract: The objective of the present invention is to provide a carbon-based hydrogen storage material having an autocatalytic capability and an atomic vacancy, wherein the hydrogen storage is a hydrocarbon compound which produces a non-endothermic release or an exothermic release of hydrogen adsorbed in the compound. In addition, the present invention provides a method of manufacturing the material comprising: preparing a hydrocarbon compound as the raw material of the carbon-based hydrogen storage material; setting the raw material in a container having a predetermined gas partial pressure; producing the hydrocarbon compound by ion beam irradiation of the raw material; performing annealing treatment under the predetermined conditions; and exposing the product to the hydrogen under the predetermined conditions, wherein the product is a hydrogen storage hydrocarbon compound producing a non-endothermic or an exothermic release of hydrogen adsorbed thereto with autocatalysis activity.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides for a porous gas sorbent monolith with superior gravimetric working capacity and volumetric capacity, a gas storage system including a porous gas sorbent monolith of the present disclosure, methods of making the same, and method for storing a gas. The porous gas sorbent monolith includes a gas adsorbing material and a non-aqueous binder.

Abstract: A hydrogen storage tank includes a shell of longitudinal axis, a hydrogen supply and collection duct, and a stack of a plurality of divider elements. Each divider element forms a bottom accepting a hydrogen storage material. The largest transverse dimension of the divider elements is less than the largest transverse dimension of the internal volume of the shell, and the tank includes a plurality of seals in the space formed between the divider element and the shell as a result of the difference in largest transverse dimension.

Abstract: A method of adsorbing a highly reactive gas onto an adsorbent material comprising adsorbing the highly reactive gas to the adsorbent material. The adsorbent material comprises at least one Lewis basic functional group, or pores of a size to hold a single molecule of the highly reactive gas, or inert moieties which are provided to the adsorbent material at the same time at the same time as the highly reactive gas, prior to adsorbing the highly reactive gas or after adsorbing the highly reactive gas, or the highly reactive gas reacts with moieties of the adsorbent material resulting in passivation of the adsorbent material. A rate of decomposition of the adsorbed highly reactive gas is lower than a rate of decomposition for the neat gas at equal volumetric loadings and equal temperatures for both the adsorbed highly reactive gas and the neat gas.

Abstract: This invention discloses a decontaminating column for on-line replacing adsorption material, and it includes: a tank having an inner tank being used for filling the adsorption material, and one end of the tank being set to be opened; at least one discharging part is being attached to the tank, and an open-close unit by which the adsorption material can be discharged and which is installed between the discharging part and the tank. There is a chamber in the discharging part, which is connected to a gas replacement unit. At the same time, this invention also discloses a glove box.

Abstract: A method of adsorbing a highly reactive gas onto an adsorbent material comprising adsorbing the highly reactive gas to the adsorbent material. The adsorbent material comprises at least one Lewis basic functional group, or pores of a size to hold a single molecule of the highly reactive gas, or inert moieties which are provided to the adsorbent material at the same time at the same time as the highly reactive gas, prior to adsorbing the highly reactive gas or after adsorbing the highly reactive gas, or the highly reactive gas reacts with moieties of the adsorbent material resulting in passivation of the adsorbent material. A rate of decomposition of the adsorbed highly reactive gas is lower than a rate of decomposition for the neat gas at equal volumetric loadings and equal temperatures for both the adsorbed highly reactive gas and the neat gas.

Abstract: A hydrogen storage assembly includes at least one wafer formed of a substrate material that produces metal hydride when exposed to a hydrogen-rich carrier fluid. The wafer can be supported by a housing and arranged so that the hydrogen-rich carrier fluid can flow over a reaction surface of the wafer. At least one heating element can be arranged to transfer heat to the wafer to attain an operating temperature suitable for hydrogen charging on the reaction surface. A de-activation material may be provided on the reaction surface for inhibiting formation of surface oxide that impedes hydrogen absorption during charging and hydrogen desorption during discharging. The at least one wafer can include a plurality of monolithic plate wafers spaced apart about a central axis of the assembly. The at least one wafer can include a plurality of monolithic disc wafers in at least one stacked arrangement.

Abstract: A gas supply vessel for storing and dispensing a reagent gas including a filter such that the vessel is capable of delivering the reagent gas, after it is filtered, at a high level of purity. The filter includes a porous sintered body and is effective to provide a desired level of purity of a supplied reagent gas by flowing the reagent gas through the filter during delivery from the vessel at a low pressure, at a relatively low flow rate, and with a relatively low pressure drop across the filter.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to electronic smoking articles exhibiting improved moisture control of a reservoir contained therein. The reservoir can be formed of fibrous materials, such as cellulose acetate fiber, thermoplastic fiber, non-thermoplastic fiber, or a combination thereof. The disclosure further provides methods for forming electronic smoking articles and methods of packaging electronic smoking articles (including cartridges thereof) so as to improve moisture control of the reservoir.

Abstract: A method of synthesizing mechanically resilient titanium carbide (TiC) nanofibrous felts comprising continuous nanofibers or nano-ribbons with TiC crystallites embedded in carbon matrix, comprising: (a) electrospinning a spin dope for making precursor nanofibers with diameters less than 0.5 J.Lm; (b) overlaying the nanofibers to produce a nano-fibrous mat (felt); and then (c) heating the nano-felts first at a low temperature, and then at a high temperature for making electrospun continuous nanofibers or nano-ribbons with TiC crystallites embedded in carbon matrix; and (d) chlorinating the above electrospun nano-felts at an elevated temperature to remove titanium for producing carbide derived carbon (CDC) nano-fibrous felt with high specific surface areas.

Abstract: Unit for storing gas by absorption or adsorption, comprising a chamber containing a storage element (702, 704) that stores gas by absorption or adsorption, characterized in that it further comprises a compressible element (712) also provided within the chamber and kept in contact with the storage element (702, 704) and designed to deform under the action of loads applied by the storage element (702, 704) upon variations in volume of the storage element (702, 704) during phases of storing gas and releasing gas from storage, so as to limit the loads applied to the chamber.

Abstract: An apparatus includes a ceramic matrix composite (CMC) component and an interface coating on the CMC component, wherein the interface coating includes a layer of at least one of the following compositions: 40-50 wt % Nb, 28-42 wt % Al, 4-15 wt % Cr, 1-2 wt % Si; 90-92 wt % Mo, 4-5 wt % Si, 4-5 wt % B; or 60-80 wt % V, 20-30 wt % Cr, 2-15 wt % Ti.

Abstract: An oil separator is provided. The oil separator includes a housing providing an oil separation space therein. An inlet introducing oil/gas mixture into the oil separation space is provided within an upper portion of the housing. An outlet discharging oil is provided within the lower portion of the housing. A gas discharge conduit is connected to the oil separation space. A portion of a surface exposed in the oil separation space is provided with a nanorod layer.

Abstract: Container closures wherein at least one void comprised in the closure is at least partially filled with a gas or gaseous mixture which by composition or pressure is different from air are disclosed. The oxygen content of said gas can be lower than the oxygen content of air. Through use of such closures for sealing closed containers, the amount of air and therefore oxygen that enters the closed container through closure desorption can be effectively controlled, changed, or even largely eliminated.

Abstract: The present application is generally directed to gas storage materials such as activated carbon comprising enhanced gas adsorption properties. The gas storage materials find utility in any number of gas storage applications. Methods for making the gas storage materials are also disclosed.

Abstract: Provided is a system and a method which allow hydrogen to be produced both efficiently and in a stable manner when using exhaust gas produced by power generation as a heat source for the dehydrogenation reaction, controlling the temperature of the dehydrogenation reaction within an appropriate range.

Abstract: The present invention provides: a porous carbon material which includes a portion having a continuous porous structure and a portion having no continuous porous structure and has even pore size and matrix size in the material center part thereof, thereby being easy to composite with other materials and being able to be used in various applications; a porous-carbon-material precursor; a process for producing the porous-carbon-material precursor; and a process for producing the porous carbon material. A porous carbon material of the invention is a porous carbon material which includes a portion having a continuous porous structure and a portion having substantially no continuous porous structure, in which the portion having the continuous porous structure has a structural period of 0.002 to 1 ?m.

Abstract: A filter device for a gas container removes foreign substances mixed with gas in the gas container, and is integrally mounted with the gas container so as to ensure a maximum capacity of the gas container while providing a larger gas filter compared to existing external gas filters.

Abstract: The herein-disclosed invention is a liquid, humectant composition comprising about 70%-88% distilled water, about 7%-14% food-grade USP propylene glycol, about 5%-10% ethanol, about 4%-8% raw honey, about 0.15%-0.16% Cascade hop oil, about 0.5%-0.7% citric acid, and about 0.06%-0.4% sodium benzoate. The composition should be prepared with USP, food-grade ingredients at room temperature, atmospheric pressure. Super-critical extraction of the Cascade hop oil ingredient is recommended. Once prepared, between 88.8 ml and 600 ml of said composition should be dropped onto a vented humidor disc for absorption; said saturated disc should then be placed with desired plant matter into a sealed plastic baggie, optionally inside a sealed humidor box. Said plant matter should reach an equilibrium humidity between 60% and 75% and should receive lasting preservative and aromatic effects.

Abstract: A canister including a canister body containing a bottom wall and at least one sidewall with inner and outer sidewall surfaces and an upper rim, and a closing element containing a top wall with an outer surface and an inner surface, and a fixing portion surrounding the top wall. The top wall or the bottom wall or at least one sidewall include a membrane region with a predetermined permeability. The fixing portion includes an elevated or recessed snap portion around its outer periphery shaped to correspond to the inner sidewall surface of the sidewall of the cylindrical canister body and form a snap connection with the canister body. The closing element is fixed to the canister body such that the outer surface of the top wall does not extend beyond the upper rim of the sidewall of the canister body.

Abstract: A packaged rodenticidal bait comprises a soft bait composition enrobed in a perforated thermoplastic film, wherein the soft bait composition comprises a blend of at least one edible fat, at least one particulate food component and at least one rodenticidally-active substance. Preferably, the thermoplastic film comprises one or more polyolefins. The perforated film used in the manufacture of the packaged bait according to the invention does not absorb fat, unlike conventionally-used paper sachets. The packaged bait composition of the invention is palatable to rodents such that rodents may take a lethal dose of a rodenticide from the bait in a single sitting.

Abstract: A hydrogen storage material tank including a shell along a longitudinal axis, a hydrogen supply and collection duct along a longitudinal axis, a stack of plural cups around the duct, wherein each cup includes a base perpendicular to the longitudinal axis, a passage allowing installation of the cup around the duct, an outer wall perpendicular to the base, in contact with the shell and an inner wall perpendicular to the base and in contact with the duct, wherein each cup is force-fitted on the duct and each cup includes a mechanism allowing mutual engagement of the cups in one another by mechanical deformation of free ends of the outer walls of the cups.

Abstract: A device including a porous metal organic framework (MOF) disposed between two terminals, the device including a first state wherein the MOF is infiltrated by a guest species to form an electrical path between the terminals and a second state wherein the electrical conductivity of the MOF is less than the electrical conductivity in the first state. A method including switching a porous metal organic framework (MOF) between two terminals from a first state wherein a metal site in the MOF is infiltrated by a guest species that is capable of charge transfer to a second state wherein the MOF is less electrically conductive than in the first state.

Abstract: The provision of an oxygen absorbent composition comprising a compound (A) having two or more tetralin rings, at least one of the tetralin rings having a hydrogen bond bonded to a benzylic position thereof, and having two or more imide bonds, and a transition metal catalyst.

Abstract: A system for storing and delivering gaseous ammonia to a consumer unit (30) including: a plurality of gaseous ammonia storage cells (10) each including: a storage material (102) that is a gaseous ammonia absorber, a pressure adjuster for adjusting an internal pressure of each cell independently of the other cells of the plurality, including a heater (106), an outlet interface (40) connecting the plurality of cells (10) to the consumer unit (30) allowing gaseous ammonia to leave the cell (10) when the internal pressure is higher than a pressure downstream, a control device (50) common to the plurality of cells (10) allowing control, independently of the other cells of the plurality, of the activity of each cell (10) in delivering ammonia to the outlet interface (40) using a controller (502) which controls the heater (106) for the pressure adjuster (10).

Abstract: A system for storage and dosing of ammonia includes solid ammonia storage material capable of binding and releasing ammonia reversibly by adsorption/absorption. The system includes a start-up storage unit and a main storage unit, both of which hold ammonia storage material. A start-up heating device is arranged to heat the start-up storage unit to generate gaseous ammonia by thermal desorption from the solid storage material. A main heating device arranged to heat the main storage unit to generate gaseous ammonia by thermal desorption from the solid storage material. A controller modulates operation of the heating devices such that the main and start-up heating devices are not simultaneously activated.

Abstract: A tank intended for the storage of hydrogen by absorption into material, including a first part and a second part, each of the first and second parts including a barrel, closed at one first longitudinal end by a substantially hemispherical part, the two parts being joined by the second open longitudinal end of the barrel by an assembly plate, the above-mentioned tank including two heat exchangers, each being contained in one of the two parts and intended to be under the same hydrogen pressure, the above mentioned tank also having apparatus of supply and evacuation of heat transfer medium circulating in the above mentioned heat exchangers integrated in the assembly plate, and apparatus of supply and collection of hydrogen.

Abstract: A hydrogen storage container that stores hydrogen gas using a hydrogen storage material capable of storing hydrogen gas includes: a hollow liner that stores the hydrogen gas and includes a liner opening portion into which the hydrogen gas is introduced; a hollow sub-tank disposed inside the liner to house the hydrogen storage material; a heat exchange pipe which is disposed inside the sub-tank and through which a heat exchange medium passes; a sub-tank support portion that supports an end portion of the sub-tank relative to the liner opening portion and supports an end portion of the heat exchange pipe; and a heat exchange medium passage that is formed to penetrate the sub-tank support portion and leads the heat exchange medium to the heat exchange pipe.

Abstract: An SCR method for purifying the exhaust gases of an internal combustion engine of a vehicle, according to which ammonia gas is exclusively metered in the exhaust gases, the method comprising a step of releasing ammonia gas from at least one solid absorbing matrix where it is stored by sorption and a step of metering the released ammonia gas in the exhaust gases. The method is such that it comprises a step of regenerating the solid absorbing matrix that consists in: generating a refilling ammonia gas by thermally decomposing an ammonia precursor in a heater mounted on board the vehicle; directing the refilling ammonia gas to the solid absorbing matrix where it is stored thereon.

Abstract: A method for increasing capacity of a natural gas (NG) tank. The method includes selecting a container with a service pressure rating of about 3,000 or 3,600 psi. An NG adsorbent is in the container. The container has a maximum fill capacity. The method further includes cooling the adsorbent by Joule-Thomson cooling during filling of the container with NG from a filling source at greater than 3,600 psi. The container is filled to the maximum fill capacity at a fill rate to prevent a bulk temperature of the adsorbent from rising more than about 5° C. above an ambient temperature. A rate of heat transfer from the tank is less than a rate of heating from compression of the NG and adsorption during the filling. The NG adsorbent adsorbs a higher amount of NG than it would at higher than 5° C. above ambient.

Abstract: Gas containment vessels are provided that are comprised of an inner corrosion resistant shell made of lower strength steel alloy or aluminum alloy or thermoplastic polymer, and an outer concentric shell constructed of high strength, albeit lower corrosion resistant, metal or fiber-reinforced composite. The fiber can comprise filaments derived from basaltic rocks, the filaments having been immersed in a thermosetting or thermoplastic polymer matrix, and comingled with carbon, glass or aramid fibers such that there is load sharing between the basaltic fibers and carbon, glass or aramid fibers.

Abstract: In one aspect, a hydrogen storage system includes a sealed container including an inner temperature of 77 degrees Kelvin or greater, a sorbent material enclosed within the sealed container and including a sorbent substrate and a hydrogen splitting catalyst connected to the sorbent substrate via a chemical bond, and one or more hydrogen atoms enclosed within the sealed container. In certain instances, the one or more hydrogen atoms are connected to the sorbent material via interactions greater than Van der Waals interactions. In another aspect, a method of storing hydrogen includes: inputting molecular hydrogen to a sorbent material to form a charged sorbent material, the sorbent material including a sorbent substrate and a hydrogen splitting catalyst connected to the sorbent substrate via a chemical bond; and storing the charged sorbent material at a temperature of greater than 77 degrees Kelvin.

Abstract: A metal organic framework (MOF) includes a coordination product of a metal ion and an at least bidentate organic ligand, where the metal ion and the organic ligand are selected to provide a deliverable adsorption capacity of at least 70 g/l for an electronic gas. A porous organic polymer (POP) includes polymerization product from at least a plurality of organic monomers, where the organic monomers are selected to provide a deliverable adsorption capacity of at least 70 g/l for an electronic gas.

Abstract: Systems and methods for manufacturing a tank for storing hydrogen in metal hydride powder are disclosed. The tank can include a closed enclosure divided into closed cells. Each of the cells can contain metal hydride powder. Each of the cells can also be manufactured successively by assembling the cells in order to form an open cavity or alveolar cell. One or more bulk pieces of a material capable of forming a metal hydride can be placed in the cavity. The cell can be closed with the bulk pieces by closing the cavity. After cells are closed, hydrogen can be introduced into the tank for transforming the bulk pieces into metal hydride powder.

Abstract: A hydrogen storage tank by absorption into a hydrogen storage material, the tank having a longitudinal axis and including an enclosure and an inner structure provided within the enclosure. The inner structure includes a plurality of stages and a heat exchange system within the inner structure, each stage including a plurality of compartments distributed into a plurality of rows directed along the longitudinal direction, each compartment having a semi-cylindrical shape, and each compartment containing a hydrogen storage material, wherein the material has been introduced through the opening.

Abstract: The tank is of the type including a container (4) for housing hydrogen, and metallic hydride placed inside the container. According to one aspect of the invention, it includes at least one solid body (6) formed of a compacted material including metallic hydride and a matrix. Application in particular for tanks for internal combustion engines or for fuel cells, in particular for motor vehicles, as well as for any stationary or mobile application using hydrogen.

Abstract: A method for controlling the effective heat transfer from a storage unit (1). During gas release from storage material (3) in the storage unit the storage material is heated by a heater (2). During re-saturation of the storage material (3) with gas the heater is off. Controlling of the effective heat transfer from the storage unit (1) is performed, during gas release, by ceasing convection of a convection gas and, during re-saturation, by performing or enabling convection of a convection gas to cool the storage unit (1).

Abstract: An on-board hydride storage system and process are described. The system includes a slurry storage system that includes a slurry reactor and a variable concentration slurry. In one preferred configuration, the storage system stores a slurry containing a hydride storage material in a carrier fluid at a first concentration of hydride solids. The slurry reactor receives the slurry containing a second concentration of the hydride storage material and releases hydrogen as a fuel to hydrogen-power devices and vehicles.

Abstract: A method of forming a material for reversible hydrogen storage within a storage tank includes charging a mixture of a metal amide and a metal hydride to the storage tank, and chemically reacting the mixture at a reaction condition within the storage tank to form a thermally conducting composite material situated in the storage tank and for reversibly storing hydrogen. The composite material includes a three-dimensional and interconnected framework including a conductive metal. A method for reversibly storing hydrogen includes providing a storage tank and in situ chemically forming a composite material by charging a mixture of a metal amide and a metal hydride to the storage tank and chemically reacting the mixture at a reaction condition to form a thermally conducting composite material including a metal hydride and a substantially unreactive elemental metal framework. Hydrogen is absorbed into the composite material and is desorbed from the composite material.

Abstract: The present invention provides a chemical container or system for storing and dispensing chemicals, and in particular liquid chemicals such as fuels and the like. The chemical container has a first container portion for storing the chemical itself, and a second container portion with a vapor filter for receiving, containing, and filtering or adsorbing gases or vapors that are associated with the chemical and which may be vented from the first container portion. This dual-chamber system avoids buildup of excessive vapor pressures inside of the containers, but filters any vented gases so that noxious or undesirable vapors are not emitted into the surrounding environment. In some embodiments, the second container portion covers only a portion of the first container portion, while in other embodiments, a second container completely surrounds a first container.

Abstract: A method is provided for estimating the degree of saturation (S) of a reversible solid ammonia storage material (3) in a storage unit (1). The storage unit (1) is equipped with a heater (2) to release ammonia and a connected tube (4) for ammonia flow. The initial temperature (TINIT) is measured with a sensor (9) in or around the storage unit (1) before any heating is initiated. Heating is initiated while recording the active time of heating (t) or the amount of energy (Q) released by the heater. The desorption pressure created by solid storage material in the storage unit (1) is measured via a pressure sensor (8) in fluid communication with the storage unit (1). The time (tTARGET), or the heat (QTARGET) where the pressure reaches a certain target pressure (PTARGET) is recorded. The values of the target-pressure time (tTARGET), or the target-pressure heat (QTARGET), and the initial temperature (TINIT) are used to compute an approximate degree of saturation (S).

Abstract: A spray can product capable of preventing leakage where used or stored in a tilted or an inverted position, and keeping good safety and liquid retention even where a flammable liquefied gas is used. The spray can product is formed by filling a spray can having an ejection opening with a liquefied gas and an absorbing body for retaining liquid, and the absorbing body is composed of an assembly of cellulose fibers containing at least 45 mass % of fine cellulose fibers having a fiber length of 0.35 mm or less. The absorbing body compressed into a block-shaped configuration corresponding to that of the spray can is accommodated within the spray can while defining a space on the side of an ejection opening, and a lid-like member is provided between the space and the absorbing body to protect a surface of the absorbing body in a gas permeable manner.

Abstract: The present subject matter provides heat management while generating hydrogen gas from a hydride achieved by coupling a hydride with a hydrate. The present subject matter unexpectedly provides improved methods so that the heat released by the hydride during hydrolysis is accurately balanced by the heat absorbed by the hydrate as the hydrate undergoes a phase transition to a less hydrated or to an anhydrous form. Examples of heat-moderated hydrogen generating systems are provided, and include, among others: NaBH4/Na2SO4.10H2O, NaBH4/CoSO4.7H2O, and NaBH4/FeSO4.7H2O. The subject matter provides a methodology for determining the correct proportions of hydride/hydrate to use in preparing a hydrogen generator capable of operating at a nearly constant temperature at or near a phase transition temperature of the hydrate or at a higher temperature that is still within a desired temperature range, such as, for example, 30-90° C.

Abstract: A source of hydrogen is a glass or glass-ceramic shell and a gas comprising at least 80% by volume of hydrogen. The glass shell has an initial permeability to hydrogen gas of less than about 50% decrease in pressure in 30 days and a final permeability to hydrogen of about 50% decrease in pressure in a few minutes or less, upon exposure of the glass to a continuous or pulsed fluence of at least 0.1 W/cm2 of electromagnetic radiation to modulate the microstructure of the glass and to increase the hydrogen gas permeability of the glass network. A method of providing hydrogen gas in the shell and exposing the shell to electromagnetic radiation of a wavelength and fluence that increases permeability of the shell to hydrogen gas so that encapsulated hydrogen gas permeates through the shell.

Abstract: Embodiments of the invention relate a charge indicator for determining the mass of a fluid contained within a fluid enclosure, wherein the charge indicator responds to a deformation of a solid component in contact with the fluid and wherein the deformation is a function of the mass of fluid contained within the fluid enclosure.