Abstract: Heat transfer management/compartmentalization system for a metal hydride hydrogen storage containment unit. The hydrogen storage alloy is preferably divided into compartments having a honeycomb configuration. Heat exchanger tubing is placed through the compartments to promote heat transfer between the hydrogen storage alloy and the exterior environment.

Abstract: A delivery system for carbon dioxide absorption material includes a container for the storage of carbon dioxide absorption material, and a receptacle capable of receiving carbon dioxide absorption materials. The receptacle has a contact limiting membrane that substantially prohibits the passage of particulate matter from the carbon dioxide absorption material and allows the passage of gases therethrough.

Abstract: A hydrogen storage medium is provided, where the medium is comprised of boron oxide and closely related compounds such as orthoboric acid, metaboric acid, hydrated boric acid, and disodium borohydrate. The medium is substantially an amorphous glassy network, albeit with local regions of order, pores, and networks that provide surface area. Hydrogen is adsorbed by the medium with a heat of adsorption of about 9 kJ/mol to about 13 kJ/mol, a value which is higher than that of the heat of adsorption of hydrogen on carbon. The value for the heat of adsorption of hydrogen on the inventive storage medium is provided by computation, and corroborated by experimental observation. The higher heat of adsorption of the medium provides for operation at temperatures higher temperatures higher than those provided by carbon.

Abstract: A device for storing fuel in an engine-powered transport vehicle including at least one closed construction element which is incorporated as an integral part of the body or chassis structure of the transport vehicle. The closed construction element is arranged as a storage unit for the fuel. As a result of the invention, an improved fuel storage unit is provided for, in particular, hydrogen-gas-powered motor vehicles.

Abstract: A capacity increase and/or pressure decrease of gas in a gas storage and dispensing vessel is achieved by use of a physical adsorbent having sorptive affinity for the gas. Such approach enables conventional high pressure gas cylinders to be redeployed with contained sorbent, to achieve substantial enhancement of safety and capacity.

Abstract: In order to achieve optimal weight and volume of a hydrogen storage apparatus, there is provided a method of charging hydrogen to a hydrogen storage apparatus. The hydrogen storage apparatus 1 includes a hydrogen storage means accommodating a hydrogen occlusive alloy (MH tank assembly) 3, and a hydrogen tank (high-pressure hydrogen tank) 2 that is provided separately from the hydrogen storage means 3 and stores hydrogen in gaseous form. Hydrogen is filled so that a pressure in the hydrogen tank is higher than that in the hydrogen storage means. A decompressing means (charger regulator) 6 is provided for reducing a pressure of hydrogen fed to the hydrogen storage apparatus 1 to maintain the pressure in a predetermined pressure range. The hydrogen storage apparatus 1 may include more than one of the hydrogen occlusive alloy tank (MH tank) 31.

Abstract: A transport unit includes a plurality of permanent magnets arranged to provide a magnetic holding field for protecting hyperpolarized gas during storage and/or transport. The permanent magnets are configured in a relatively light weight manner to project a substantially cylindrical magnetic holding field or spherical holding field in space. The magnet arrangements can include primary magnets and field shaping secondary magnets which act to enlarge the region of homogeneity. The permanent magnet arrangement can also be provided with a cylindrical shaped flex sheet magnetically activated to provide the magnetic holding field. The permanent magnet arrangements do not require disassembly to insert or remove one or more containers of hyperpolarized gas in or out of the transport unit.

Abstract: The object of the invention is to provide a high performance metal hydride tank apparatus, which is capable of discharging the hydrogen gas stored in the metal hydride in the tank from throughout the metal hydride efficiently and rapidly. In the process of the hydrogen gas discharge, the metal hydride contained near the inner circumferential surface of the tank absorbs the heats by the temperature raised tank and starts discharging the hydrogen gas. The discharged hydrogen gas absorbs the heat from the inner circumferential wall efficiently, flowing along the inner circumferential wall rapidly guided by the cylinder-like baffle. Further, the discharged hydrogen gas flows through the hydrogen gas flow channel, which is formed into sections by the cylinder-like baffle in the tank, and travels throughout the metal hydride, thus heating up the metal hydride rapidly and discharging the hydrogen gas efficiently from throughout the alloy.

Abstract: A hydrogen storage unit which uses hydrogen storage alloys to store hydrogen, and more particularly a heat transfer management/compartmentalization system for use in such system. The hydrogen storage alloy may be divided into compartments, separated by discs, further divided into sub-compartments by a flapper wheel. The discs and flapper wheel provide for optimal heat transfer throughout the system. The compartmentalization of the vessel may prevent compaction of the hydrogen storage alloys, which could lead to excessive strain on the vessel causing damage, deformation, or rupture of the vessel.

Abstract: A hydrogen storage and release apparatus is provided with a heat exchanging portion provided with hydrogen storage alloy containers, a heat exchanger body in which the heat exchanging portion is received so that a heat gas or coolant is introduced and discharged, and a hydrogen-travelling passage connected to the containers so that hydrogen can move to the containers. The heat exchanging portion is provided so that the heat exchanging efficiency on the heat gas discharge side of the heat exchanging portion is made higher than that on the heat gas introduction side thereof.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method of using a metallo-organic framework material comprising pores and at least one metal ion and at least one at least bidentate organic compound, which is bound, preferably coordinately bound to said metal ion for uptaking, or storing, or releasing, or uptaking and storing, or uptaking and releasing, or storing and releasing or uptaking, storing and releasing at least one gas as well as a fuel cell comprising said material for the purposes outlined above.

Abstract: A container for a sparkling beverage which includes, on its inside bottom portion or surface, a bubble generator having a bubble generating portion for generating bubbles in such a manner that an aggregation of bubbles forms substantially the same shape as a mark on the surface of a beverage.

Abstract: A fluid storage and dispensing system including a vessel containing a low heel carbon sorbent having fluid adsorbed thereon, with the system arranged to effect desorption of the fluid from the sorbent for dispensing of fluid on demand. The low heel carbon sorbent preferably is characterized by at least one of the following characteristics: (i) Heel, measured for gaseous arsine (AsH3) at 20° C. at 20 Torr, of not more than 50 grams AsH3 per liter of bed of the sorbent material; (ii) Heel, measured for gaseous boron trifluoride (BF3) at 20° C. at 20 Torr, of not more than 20 grams boron trifloride per liter of bed of the sorbent material; (iii) Heel, measured for gaseous germanium tetrafluoride (GeF4) at 20° C. at 20 Torr, of not more than 250 grams AsH3 per liter of bed of the sorbent material; (iv) Heel, measured for gaseous arsenic pentafluoride (AsF5) at 20° C.

Abstract: A gas container is made from metal foam and the spaces defined by the open-celled structure are filled with a solid adsorbent material such as a zeolite or an activated carbon. The container may be made in the form of a panel.

Abstract: A thermal barrier for a Dewar vessel combines an insulative vapor plug and a vapor barrier. The plug is sized so as to define an open space between it and the neck portion of the Dewar vessel to allow venting of vaporous cryogen from the inner vessel of the Dewar vessel through a Dewar opening. The vapor barrier provides an interference between the plug and the neck portion that disrupts venting of vaporous cryogen but does not form an airtight seal that would block venting and cause unacceptable build-up of pressure within the inner vessel. Multiple vapor barriers, especially four or more, provide multiple interferences that create multiple chambers between the plug and the neck portion. Each interference disrupts migration of vaporous cryogen as an incremental increase (e.g., 2 psig or less) in vapor pressure of each chamber causes the chamber to breach and then another incremental increase in vapor pressure of the liquid cryogen in the vaporous state is required to breach each successive chamber.

Abstract: This invention is related to a metal hydride storage canister, comprising a storage canister body, a wafer baffle stacked on the body for containing metal hydride of a pre-determined amount, and a tubing having a porous surface for securing the wafer baffle in the body and for guiding hydrogen discharged from the metal hydride to an outlet of the body. This invention further discloses the manufacture of the storage canister.

Abstract: A flexible pressure vessel is constructed from at least one pair of upper and mating lower dome shaped cell portions. Upper and lower passageway portions extend outwardly from each cell portion to surrounding sheet material. The portions are joined to form a passageway for connection to a valve or another cell. Upper and lower reinforcing rings surround the cell portions. Blankets of fiber reinforced material are attached over the cell portions and stitched in place through the surrounding resilient material. Cell shaped sponges impregnated with absorbent materials are encased in impermeable plastic tubing and inserted into the cells. High-strength filaments are wound around the tubing to provide additional pressure handling capability. Heat-reflecting plastic film or metal foil is inserted between blankets and the cell portions. Reinforcing rings are attached over and fastened through the blankets around the cells. An apparatus and method are described for constructing the flexible pressure vessel.

Abstract: A flexible pressure vessel is constructed from at least one pair of upper and mating lower dome shaped cell portions. The dome portions are molded from sheets of resilient material and joined together by radio frequency welding or high-strength adhesives. Upper and lower passageway portions extend outwardly from each cell portion to the surrounding sheet material. When the cell portions are joined the passageway portions are joined to form a passageway for connection to a valve or another cell. Upper and lower rings surround the upper and lower cell portions to provide reinforcement for the cells. First and second blankets of heavy-duty fiber reinforced material are attached over the upper and lower cell portions and stitched in place with heavy-duty stitching extending through the resilient material surrounding the cell portions. Cell shaped sponges impregnated with absorbent materials are encased in liquid and gas impermeable plastic tubing and inserted into the cells prior to joining of the cell portions.

Abstract: A hydrogen storage unit is provided with a hydrogen storage container containing a hydrogen absorption material, and a filter portion for eliminating impurities contained in stored hydrogen gas. Thereby, the impurities are eliminated from the stored hydrogen gas in the hydrogen storage container, and the hydrogen absorption material is prevented from being poisoned by the impurities. The filter portion can be provided either inside or outside the hydrogen storage container. An adsorbent for adsorbing the impurities can be used in the filter portion. The filter portion is provided with a heating means for enhancing the elimination of the impurities adsorbed in the filter portion, and can be recovered during operation.

Abstract: A closed storage reservoir has at least one feed and discharge line for compressed gas and, in its interior, a gas flow control system which connects the feed and discharge line to a solid filling for storing the compressed gas in the interior. To ensure the highest possible specific storage capacity of the device and to enable the device to be used as a tank system for a fuel cell, the solid filling comprises carbon nanostructures which are joined to form larger, cohesive conglomerates. A device for measuring the filling level of the compressed gas in the storage vessel may be a device for measuring the nuclear magnetic resonance or a device for measuring the mass flow rates of the compressed gas. A temperature sensor and a heating/cooling device having an inlet connection piece and an outlet connection piece for a heating/cooling medium and a cooling passage connected to the connection pieces are provided in order to set a defined temperature in the storage vessel.

Abstract: A hydrogen getter device includes a package made from a material that is hydrogen permeable and moisture impermeable. A preferred hydrogen getter is a particulate zeolite having a portion of its sodium ions exchanged by an activated metal, such as silver. The package can be a flexible enclosure made from the hydrogen permeable moisture impermeable sheet material and surrounded by a porous protecting material. In one embodiment, the package includes an internal wall to define a first enclosure containing the hydrogen getter and a second enclosure containing a moisture absorbing agent or desiccant, such as a zeolite. The package is suitable for use in electrical enclosures having an internal volume of about 5 liters to about 100 liters or more.

Abstract: An ozone storage apparatus for storing ozone efficiently and extracting ozone effectively is disclosed. Also ozone storage methods comprising the steps of supplying ozone either to a dried silica gel which is produced by neutralizing sodium silicate and sulfuric acid and that is then washed with water to a pH level between 6 and 7 or further processing the dried silica gel by crushing it and washing with at least one of a sulfuric acid or water. The methods also include a process where if oxygen has been adsorbed in the silica gel, a vacuum is created inside the storage container holding the silica gel, and then ozone can be supplied to the silica gel. Silica gel containing aluminum between 0.002-0.1 percent by weight is used for the storage medium. Also, the ozone is extracted from a tube-valve associated with the storage container by a natural downward flow.

Abstract: A hydrogen gas cooled hydrogen storage element which includes a hydrogen storage alloy material in which hydrogen flow channels are provided. The flow channels provide pathways through the hydrogen storage material to allow for high speed hydrogen gas flow. A portion of the high speed hydrogen flow is stored within the storage material which releases its heat of hydride formation. The remainder of the hydrogen flows through the hydrogen storage material at a sufficient mass flow rate to remove the heat of hydride formation.

Abstract: In a method for storing hydrogen in a carbon material containing microstructures in the form of cones with cone angles being multiples of 60°, the carbon material is introduced in a reaction vessel which is evacuated while the carbon material is kept at a temperature of 295-800 K, after which pure hydrogen gas is introduced in the reaction vessel, the carbon material being exposed to a hydrogen gas pressure in the range of 300-7600 torr such that the hydrogen gas is absorbed in the carbon material, and after which the reaction vessel is left at the ambient temperature with the carbon material under a fixed hydrogen gas pressure. For use the hydrogen is released in the form of a gas from the carbon material either at ambient temperature or by heating the carbon material in the reaction vessel.

Abstract: A method for delivering a gas having a proton affinity of less than 866 kJ/mol is disclosed. A support including at least one polymer sufficiently acidic to protonate the gas is contacted with the gas to protonate the gas. The protonated gas condenses to form a solid salt which is sorbed by the support. The gas is dispensed by deprotonating the sorbed solid salt to regenerate said gas. The at least one polymer of the support has a first Hammett acidity value greater than a second Hammett acidity value of a conjugate acid of the gas. Also provided is an apparatus for performing the method. The invention is especially useful for storing, transporting and delivering hazardous gases, such as arsine and phosphine. The polymer can be polymeric sulfonic acids, polymeric perfluoroalkylsulfonic acids, fluorinated sulfonic acid polymers, cross-linked sulfonated polystyrene-divinylbenzene macroreticular copolymers, carboxylic acid polymers, halogenated carboxylic acid functionalized polymers and mixtures thereof.

Abstract: A rechargeable device that stores and discharges hydrogen is described. The device stores hydrogen in a solid form and supplies hydrogen as a gas when needed. The solid storage medium may be metal hydride in a ground particle form that avoids the need for compaction or other treatment. Dividers partition a container into separate chambers, each provided with a matrix, formed from an appropriate material like a thermally-conductive aluminum foam, which forms a number of cells. For proper chamber size, the ratio of chamber length to container diameter should be between about 0.5 and 2. Metal hydride particles (or other hydrogen storage medium) may be placed within the cells, which help prevent excessive particle settling. The container is provided with a hydrogen transfer port through which hydrogen gas passes upon either discharging from or charging of the metal hydride particles. A filter may be placed within the port to allow hydrogen to flow but prevent particles from escaping.

Abstract: The present invention provides compositions that are intimate mixtures of hydrogen fluoride and a polymer. The compositions of the invention are less hazardous and, therefore, more conveniently stored, transported, and handled in comparison to pure hydrogen fluoride. Further, the hydrogen fluoride may be readily recovered from the compositions of the invention for use.