Abstract: Reforming is effected with a combination of a primary supported noble-metal catalyst and a catalyst containing one or more medium pore non-zeolite molecular sieves (MP-NZMS). The latter reforming and dehydrocyclization comprise a Group VIII metal and at least one bound MP-NZMS characterized in the calcined form by an adsorption of isobutane of at least 2 percent by weight at a partial pressure of 500 torr and a temperature of 20.degree. C. and characterized by an adsorption of triethylamine less than about 5 percent by weight at a partial pressure of 2.6 torr and a temperature of 22.degree. C., The MP-NZMS catalyst binder preferably is alumina and/or silica, and the Group VIII metal preferably is platinum.

Abstract: Catalytic reforming of C.sub.9 + containing naphtha with a high yield of BTX is disclosed. Naphtha is converted under customary reforming conditions on a catalyst which contains at least one platinum group metal at least one metal of the group IV B, and at least one halogen component on an oxidic carrier.

Abstract: Catalysts for reforming typically contain platinum supported on a high surface area alumina. During reforming reactions, specifically dehydrocyclization, such catalysts produce undesirable light gases. Applicants have found a new catalyst that suppresses undesirable hydrogenolysis reactions thereby decreasing the yields of undesirable light gas make during dehydrocyclization of C.sub.6 + hydrocarbons, especially n-heptane. The catalyst comprises a halogen, and catalytically active amounts of nonalloyed noble metal and zinc on an alumina support wherein said noble metal is selected from the group consisting essentially of Pt, Pd, Ir, Os, Ru, Rh, Re, and mixtures thereof and in the absence of cobalt and nickel. As used herein, nonalloyed means that the metallic phase consists of a single metallic element. In the present invention, noble metal. The invention is further directed to the preparation and use of the catalyst in a reforming reaction.

Abstract: Disclosed is a reforming process for the production of gasoline having an increased isoparaffin yield, reduced aromatics content and a constant octane level which comprises passing the gasoline precursor containing greater than 20 vol% aromatics over a reforming catalyst comprising one or more metals from Group VIII and IVA of the Periodic Table on an oxide support, having a total pore volume of about 0.300 to 0.600 cc/g and greater than 85% of the pore volume in pores of diameter less than 100.ANG..

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for starting up a cyclic or semi-cyclic reforming reactor after catalyst regeneration. The method mitigates disruptions to the reforming unit after catalyst regeneration, such as excessive light gas make and a decrease in recycle hydrogen purity.

Abstract: A low severity continuous reforming process that operates at conditions to provide a low coke production provides an improved reformulated gasoline fuel. The conditions for the reforming operation include high space velocity, relatively high temperature and low hydrogen to hydrocarbon ratios. Despite the higher temperature, the process provides stable coke production rates at a very low level while providing relative high hydrogen yields. The lower severity operation and the high hydrogen yield facilitate the removal of benzene from the reformulated gasoline pool while avoiding the anticipated hydrogen deficit that such operations would produce.

Abstract: A two stage process for reforming a naphtha feed at low severities with tin modified platinum-iridium catalysts. In particular, both high selectivity, and high activity are manifested by such catalysts in reforming a naphtha feed at low severities in a first fixed-bed reforming stage which is comprised of a series of reforming zones, or reactors; i.e., within the dehydrogenation and ring isomerization zones of a reforming unit. The first stage zones are charged with a tin-containing platinum-iridium catalyst, and the naphtha feed reformed to produce an intermediate RON clear C.sub.5 + liquid reformate. The intermediate octane product of the first reforming stage is passed to a second stage which is comprised of one or more moving-bed reforming zones, or reactors, which are operated in a continuous catalyst regeneration mode with platinum containing catalyst.

Abstract: The benzene content in a gasoline pool is reduced by an isomerization process that splits a benzene-containing C.sub.4 -C.sub.6 feedstream between at least two reaction zones and combines the feed fractions with effluent streams. The splitting of the feed stream distributes the heat of reaction over two reactors and lowers the relative exotherm. The lower exotherm for benzene saturation permits higher benzene feeds to be processed without reducing product quality.

Abstract: Reforming and dehydrocyclization catalysts and processes are disclosed wherein reforming catalysts comprise a Group VIII metal and at least one bound medium pore non-zeolitic molecular sieve characterized in the calcined form by an adsorption of isobutane of at least 2 percent by weight at a partial pressure of 500 torr and a temperature of 20.degree. C. and characterized by an adsorption of triethylamine less than about 5 percent by weight at a partial pressure of 2.6 torr and a temperature of 22.degree. C. The binder preferably is alumina and/or silica, and the Group VIII metal preferably is platinum.

Abstract: Catalytic reforming wherein the lead reactor contains a catalyst comprised of platinum and a relatively low level of Re on an inorganic oxide support. The tail reactor contains a tin modified platinum-iridium catalyst wherein the metals are substantially uniformly dispersed throughout the inorganic oxide support.

Abstract: A catalytic composite comprising a combination of catalytically effective amounts of a platinum component, optionally a second metal component such as tin or rhenium, and a halogen component with a porous carrier support material is disclosed. The platinum, second metal (if present) and halogen components are present in the catalytic composite in amounts, calculated on an elemental basis, of about 0.2 to about 0.4 wt. percent platinum metal, about 0.2 to about 0.5 wt. percent the second metal, and 0.5 to about 1.5 wt. percent halogen. Moreover, the metallic components are substantially uniformly distributed throughout the porous carrier support material. The support material is spherical gamma alumina having a characteristic pore structure including "superpores" (200-10,000 nm or greater) interconnected with "mesopores" (5-20 nm), wherein 80% or more of the pore volume (N.sub.2) resides in pores of less than 150 .ANG..

Abstract: Staged-Acidity Naphtha Reforming provides increased C.sub.5+ liquid yields by systematically adjusting catalyst acidity within a multireactor reformer to match the different acid strengths required to selectively aromatize naphthene and paraffin hydrocarbon as they traverse the reformer train.

Abstract: The invention is a lower cost combined reforming-benzene alkylation process. The unstabilized liquid product recovered from the reforming reaction zone is not stabilized by passage into a stripping column for the removal of C.sub.4 -minus hydrocarbons but is instead split into light and heavy fractions, with the light, benzene-containing fraction being passed directly into an alkylation zone.

Abstract: A process for reforming a naphtha feed at low severities with tin modified platinum-iridium catalysts. In particular, both high selectivity, and high activity are manifested by such catalysts in reforming a naphtha feed at low severities in the lead reactor, or reactors, of a series of reactors; i.e., within the dehydrogenation and ring isomerization zone, or zones, of a reforming unit. The lead reactors of the series are charged with a tin-containing platinum-iridium catalyst, and the naphtha feed reformed to produce a low RON clear C.sub.5 + liquid reformate. The low octane product of the lead reactors may be transferred to a mogas pool, into blending components, or all or some part of the product further reformed. Preferably, the product is further reformed in a tail reactor, and preferably the tail reactor is charged with a non-tin containing platinum, or platinum-iridium catalyst.

Abstract: Novel catalyst composite material is disclosed which comprises in combination a crystalline metallosilicate zeolite in terms of mole ratios having the general formula:O-below 0.4X:M.sub.2 O.sub.3 :30-300SiO.sub.2 :10H.sub.2 Owherein M is iron, lanthanum or mixtures thereof and X is selected from the oxides of sodium, hydrogen, platinum, iridium, rhenium and mixtures thereof, alumina and a chlorine component. This catalyst has a long and stable activity and no loss of components is encountered during the reforming of pyrolysis naptha and more importantly it is observed that the pyrolysis naptha does not have to be hydrogenated prior to contacting it with the catalyst. Reforming of pyrolysis naptha to a liquid fraction containing more than 99% of aromatic hydrocarbons is achieved.

Abstract: Reforming and dehydrocyclization catalysts and processes are disclosed wherein reforming catalysts comprise a Group VIII metal and at least one medium pore non-zeolitic molecular sieve characterized in the calcined form by an adsorption of isobutane of at least 2 percent by weight at a partial pressure of 500 torr and a temperature of 20.degree. C. and characterized by an adsorption of triethylamine less than about 5 percent by weight at a partial pressure of 2.6 torr and a temperature of 22.degree. C. In one embodiment the catalyst includes a Group VII metal on a halogenated carrier.

Abstract: Tin modified platinum-iridium catalysts provide high yields of C.sub.5 +liquid reformate in catalytic reforming, concurrent with high activity. In particular, the tin modified platinum-iridium catalysts are of unusually high selectivity, as contrasted with known iridium promoted platinum catalysts. The high selectivity is manifested in reforming a naphtha feed in a reactor charged to capacity with the catalyst, but particularly when used in the dehydrocyclization zone, or tail reactor of a series of reactors, while the lead reactors of the series contain a non tin-containing platinum catalyst, especially a platinum-iridium, or a platinum-rhenium catalyst. The tin modified platinum-iridium catalysts are also highly active, with only moderate loss in the high activity for which iridium stabilized platinum catalysts are known.

Abstract: The invention presented involves a method for regenerating, replacing or treating the catalyst in a hydroprocessing reactor, the method comprising admixing with the feedstock, recycle stream or hydrogen stream of the reactor an additive which comprises a nonionic, organometallic platinum group metal coordination composition which is a) resistant to breakdown under ambient temperatures; b) capable of breakdown at temperatures existing in the vicinity of the catalyst; and c) does not contain a disadvantageous amount of phosphorus, arsenic, sulfur, antimony or halides.

Abstract: A reforming process using a Supported Group VIII noble metal reforming catalyst which has been pretreated with an unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbon at elevated temperatures, thereby lowering activity during initial reforming operations and reducing gas production during the initial operation.

Abstract: The activity and stability of a catalyst are enhanced by substantially precluding water contact between a catalyst finishing step and startup of a process unit utilizing the catlayst. Water is precluded from contacting the catalyst during catalyst finishing and loading at the fabrication site, transportation to the conversion site, and loading, activation, and startup in the reactors of the process unit.

Abstract: Tin modified platinum-iridium catalysts provide high yields of C.sub.5 + liquid reformate in catalytic reforming, concurrent with high activity. In particular, the tin modified platinum-iridium catalysts are of unusually high selectivity, as contrasted with known iridium promoted platinum catalysts. The high selectivity is manifested in reforming a naphtha feed in a reactor charged to capacity with the catalyst, but particularly when used in the dehydrocyclization zone, or tail reactor of a series of reactors, while the lead reactors of the series contain a non tin-containing platinum catalyst, especially a platinum-iridium, or a platinum-rhenium catalyst. The tin modified platinum-iridium catalysts are also highly active, with only moderate loss in the high activity for which iridium stabilized platinum catalysts are known.

Abstract: A process for the reforming of hydrocarbons is improved by the use of an enhanced nucleate boiling surface in a selected portion of the feed effluent heat exchanger. In a vertical type heat exchanger where the reforming feedstream enters at a lower end of the heat exchanger and is at least partially vaporized in the heat exchanger by contact with a reforming effluent stream that enters an upper end of the heat exchanger and is at least partially condensed therein, an enhanced nucleate boiling surface is formed on the heat exchange surface that is in contact with the entering liquid phase portion of the stream feed. The enhanced nucleate boiling surface increases the amount of condensing that takes place on the opposite side of the heat exchange surface in a boiling-condensing zone.

Abstract: The aromatic hydrocarbons rich in benzene, toluene and xylene are prepared from a hydrocarbon feed having from 6 to 12 carbon atoms by feeding the hydrogen in admixture with hydrogen in a ratio ranging from 0 to less than 1 mole with respect to each mole of the hydrocarbon, into contact with a catalyst prepared by depositing at least one metal belonging to group VIII of the periodic table on a macroporous zeolite treated with a halogenated compound. The aromatic hydrocarbons rich in benzene, toluene and xylene are useful as a base for high octane number gasoline or as petrochemical raw materials.

Abstract: A method for reforming naphtha feeds which comprises contacting said feed, in the presence of hydrogen and at reforming conditions, with a catalyst comprised of platinum and iridium agglomerated to exhibit a crystallinity of at least 50% as measured by X-ray, and an alumina support material modified with at least about 100 wppm of Si and at least 10 wppm and one or more alkaline earth metals selected from Ca, Mg, Ba, and Sr, wherein the total amount of modifier does not exceed about 5000 wppm.

Abstract: A reforming catalyst comprised of 0.01 to 5 wt. % Pt, alumina, and a modifier comprised of about 100 to 500 wppm Si and at least 10 wppm of one or more alkaline-earth metal selected from Ca, Mg, Ba, and Sr wherein the total amount of modifier does not exceed about 5,000 wppm.

Abstract: A process for reforming naphtha and straight run gasoline feeds by contacting the feed, and hydrogen, with a supported platinum catalyst on an alumina support modified with at least about 100 wppm Si and at least 10 wppm of one or more alkaline-earth metal selected from Ca, Mg, Ba, and Sr, wherein the total amount of modifier does not exceed about 5000 wppm.

Abstract: A catalyst for reforming gasoline boiling range naphthas which catalysts are comprised of Pt and Sn on alumina and a modifier comprised of about 100 to 500 wppm Si and at least 10 wppm of one or more alkaline earth metals selected from Ca, Mg, Ba, and Sr wherein the total amount of modifier does not exceed about 5000 wppm.

Abstract: A reforming catalyst comprised of platinum and iridium agglomerated to exhibit a crystallinity of at least 50% as measured by x-ray, and an alumina support material modified with about 100 to 500 wppm of Si and at least 10 wppm of one or more alkaline earth metals selected from Ca, Mg, Ba, and Sr, wherein the total amount of modifier does not exceed about 5000 wppm.

Abstract: A reforming catalyst comprised of platinum, iridium, and optionally rhenium, on a modified alumina support which modifier is comprised of about 100 to 500 wppm Si and at least about 10 wppm of one or more alkaline earth metals selected from Ca, Mg, Ba, and Sr wherein the total amount of modifier does not exceed about 5,000 wppm.

Abstract: A novel extruded catalyst and process use thereof is disclosed. The catalyst comprises a refractory inorganic oxide and halogen, platinum-group metal, and Group IVA(14) metal components, wherein the Group IVA(14) metal is homogeneously dispersed within a bed of catalyst particles relative to catalysts of the prior art. Utilization of this catalyst in the reforming of hydrocarbons results in significantly improved selectivity to the desired gasoline product.

Abstract: A process for reforming gasoline boiling range naphthas which process comprises use of catalysts comprised of Pt and Sn on alumina and a modifier comprised of at least about 100 wppm Si and at least 10 wppm of one or more alkaline earth metals selected from Ca, Mg, Ba, and Sr wherein the total amount of modifier does not exceed about 5000 wppm.

Abstract: A novel trimetallic catalytic composite, a method of manufacture and process use thereof is disclosed. The composite comprises a refractory support having a nominal diameter of at least 650 microns and having deposited thereon a uniformly dispersed platinum component, a uniformly dispersed Group IVA metal component and a surface-impregnated metal or metal-containing component selected from the group consisting of rhodium, ruthenium, cobalt, nickel, or iridium. When this catalytic composite is used in the reforming of hydrocarbons at low pressures, significant improvement in activity stability is observed compared to catalysts of the prior art.

Abstract: An improved reforming process utilizing a novel trimetallic catalytic composite is disclosed. The composite comprises a refractory support having a nominal diameter of at least 650 microns and having deposited thereon a uniformly dispersed platinum component, a uniformly dispersed Group IVA metal component and a surface-impregnated metal component selected from the group consisting of rhdoium, ruthenium, cobalt, nickel, or iridium. When this catalytic composite is used in the reforming of hydrocarbons at low pressures, significant improvements in activity and stability are observed compared to catalysts of the prior art.

Abstract: The invention concerns a process for regenerating a hydrocarbon hydroconversion catalyst containing a carrier, at least one group VIII noble metal and a halogen or halogenated compound.It is characterized by an operation in two regeneration zones (1) and (2). The gas effluent from the first regeneration zone (1) is used to feed the second regeneration zone. During the step of burning coke deposited onto the catalyst in the first zone, the heat amount generated during the combustion is used for preheating the feed of said first zone. The temperature of the effluent of said first zone is reduced, through said exchanger, to a value adapted to perform the burning step in the second zone. Additional air is supplied before introducing the gas into said second zone (2) in order to obtain a suitable oxygen concentration.

Abstract: A process for converting a C.sub.6 -C.sub.12 paraffinic hydrocarbon feed to aromatics by contacting the feed with a noble metal/low acidity medium pore size zeolite catalyst in a conversion zone by modifying the noble metal component of the catalyst to its sulfide form by either presulfiding the catalyst or adding at least one of H.sub.2 S, SO.sub.2 or an organic sulfur compound to the feed in an amount effective to suppress hydrogenolysis and increase aromatic selectivity of the catalyst.

Abstract: A catalyst for dehydrocyclization is disclosed comprising a Group VIII metal, the zeolite UHP-Y and, optionally, a halogen component. The instant invention provides reforming processes wherein more valuable products are formed that heretofore formed by use of other zeolite-containing catalysts.

Abstract: A novel trimetallic catalytic composite, a method of manufacture and process use thereof is dislcosed. The composite comprises a refractory support having a nominal diameter of at least 650 microns and having deposited thereon a uniformly dispersed platinum component, a uniformly dispersed Group IVA metal component and a surface-impregnated metal component selected from the group consisting of rhodium, ruthenium, cobalt, nickel, or iridium. When this catalytic composite is used in the reforming of hydrocarbons at low pressures, significant improvements in activity stability is observed compared to catalysts of the prior art.

Abstract: A process for reforming a naphtha feed at reforming conditions by contacting said feed, and hydrogen, with a halogenated, supported platinum-rhenium catalyst promoted with an agglomerated iridium component. The iridium component is agglomerated sufficient to exhibit a crystallinity greater than 50 percent, preferably greater than 75 percent, and more preferably 100 percent, as measured by X-ray.

Abstract: A catalyst useful for reforming a naphtha feed at reforming conditions which comprises an iridium component dispersed throughout and bound within an alumina support matrix, a platinum component dispersed upon said iridium-containing alumina support, and halogen. In all of its aspects, the iridium component will remain in its dispersed state, without significant agglomeration, when subjected to temperatures in the presence of oxygen for extended periods sufficient to agglomerate presently known halogenated platinum-iridium catalysts. This catalyst is prepared in an initial step by dispersing the iridium within the alumina matrix, and then calcining the iridium-containing alumina at high temperature to bind the iridium within the alumina support matrix. The platinum, or platinum and additional metal promoters, especially rhenium, is then impregnated upon the iridium-alumina support.

Abstract: Reforming and dehydrocyclization catalysts and processes are disclosed wherein reforming catalysts comprise a Group VIII metal and at least one medium pore non-zeolitic molecular sieve characterized in the calcined form by an adsorption of isobutane of at least 2 percent by weight at a partial pressure of 500 torr and a termperature of 20.degree. C. and characterized by an adsorption of triethylamine less than about 5 percent by weight at a partial pressure of 2.6 torr and a temperature of 22.degree. C. In one embodiment the catalyst includes a Group VII metal on a halogenated carrier.

Abstract: A pretreatment method is disclosed for a hydrocarbon conversion catalyst formulation which results in significantly improved yield performance. The pretreatment method involves contacting a catalyst comprising a refractory support containing a platinum component, a tin component and a surface-impregnated promoter metal in the absence of hydrocarbons with a gas containing hydrogen at a temperature, pressure, and period of time sufficient to result in improved yield performance when compared to a non-pretreated catalyst.

Abstract: A catalytic reactor system for effecting the contact of a reactant stream with catalyst particles that are movable by gravity flow through the system, which comprises in combination: (a) a vertically elongated confined reaction chamber; (b) a catalyst loading chamber having a fixed volume located outside of and generally overhead of the reaction chamber whereby fresh catalyst particles gravitationally flow downward into the chamber; (c) concentrically spaced apart wall members which provide an annular-form catalyst-retaining section that is spaced inwardly from the wall of the reaction chamber to additionally provide a manifold space around the section and a cylindrical center pipe volume, the wall members having a perforate screen lower end and an imperforate upper end wherein the imperforate upper end defines a portion of the annular-form catalyst-retaining section having a volume of greater than about 100% of the catalyst loading chamber; (d) an imperforate cover means over the annular-form catalyst-retain

Abstract: Disclosed is a process for improving the octane quality of a naphtha which process comprises contacting the naphtha, at pressures ranging from about 25 psig to about 175 psig, with hydrogen introduced at a rate ranging from about 1000 SCF/B to about 5000 SCF/B, at a temperature from about 800.degree. F. to about 1100.degree. F., and a space velocity ranging from about 1 W/H/W to about 5 W/H/W, and with a catalyst comprised of the metals platinum, rhenium, and iridium on a refractory porous inorganic oxide support, wherein the concentration of each of platinum and rhenium is at least 0.1 percent, and that of iridium is at least 0.15 percent, and at least one of said metals is present in a concentration of at least 0.3 percent, and the sum total of said metals is present in a concentration greater than 0.9 percent.

Abstract: A novel trimetallic catalytic composite, a method of manufacture and process use thereof is disclosed. The composite comprises a refractory support having a nominal diameter of at least 650 microns and having deposited thereon a uniformly dispersed platinum component, a uniformly dispersed tin component and a surface-impregnated metal component selected from the group consisting of rhodium, ruthenium, cobalt, nickel, or iridium. When this catalytic composite is used in the reforming of hydrocarbons at low pressures significant improvements in activity stability is observed compared to catalysts of the prior art.

Abstract: A novel hydrocarbon conversion process for the reforming of naphtha charge stocks containing less than 50 wt. ppm water is disclosed. The process utilizes a catalytic composite comprising a refractory support having a nominal diameter of at least 650 microns and having deposited thereon a uniformly dispersed platinum component, a uniformly dispersed tin component and a surface-impregnated metal component selected from the group consisting of rhodium, ruthenium, cobalt, nickel, iridium, and mixtures thereof. When this catalytic composite is used in the reforming of low water level hydrocarbons at low pressures significant improvements in activity stability is observed compared to catalysts of the prior art.

Abstract: A novel hydrocarbon conversion process for the reforming of naphtha charge stocks containing less than 300 wt. ppb sulfur is disclosed. The process utilizes a catalytic composite comprising a refractory support having a nominal diameter of at least 650 microns and having deposited thereon a uniformly dispersed platinum component, a uniformly dispersed tin component and a surface-impregnated metal component selected from the group consisting of rhodium, ruthenium, cobalt, nickel, iridium, and mixtures thereof. When this catalytic composite is used in the reforming of low sulfur level hydrocarbons at low pressures significant improvements in activity stability is observed compared to catalysts of the prior art.

Abstract: A process for reforming a naphtha feed at reforming conditions by contacting said feed, and hydrogen, with a halogenated, supported platinum catalyst promoted with an agglomerated iridium component. The iridium component is agglomerated sufficient to exhibit a crystallinity greater than 50 percent, preferably greater than 75 percent, and more preferably 100 percent, as measured by x-ray.

Abstract: A novel trimetallic catalytic composite, a method of manufacture and process use thereof is disclosed. The composite comprises a refractory support having a nominal diameter of at least 650 microns and having deposited thereon a uniformly dispersed platinum component, a uniformly dispersed tin component and a surface-impregnated metal component selected from the group consisting of rhodium, ruthenium, cobalt, nickel, iridium and mixtures thereof. When this catalytic composite is used in the reforming of hydrocarbons at low pressures significant improvements in activity stability is observed compared to catalysts of the prior art.

Abstract: Provided is a process for producing gasoline having a high octane number or aromatic hydrocarbons by contacting a feed stock containing at least one aliphatic hydrocarbon having 1 to 12 carbon atoms with a catalyst at an elevated temperature said catalyst comprising a zeolite and a fluorine compound, and optionally Group Ib, IIb, IIIa, VI, VIIb or VIII metal in the Periodic Table.

Abstract: An improved catalytic reforming catalyst and process are disclosed for converting hydrocarbons to higher octane products through use of a catalyst which has a specified surface area, pore volume and a modified pore volume distribution. The catalyst exhibits increased activity when used in a reforming process.