Abstract: A method is disclosed for preparing fuel components from waste pyrolysis oil. Exemplary embodiments include providing a waste pyrolysis oil having plastic pyrolysis oil and/or tyre pyrolysis oil, and impurities; purifying the waste pyrolysis oil by hydrothermal treatment with water or alkaline water; separating the hydrothermally treated waste pyrolysis oil from an aqueous phase; preparing a hydroprocessing feed from the hydrothermally treated waste pyrolysis oil; hydroprocessing the hydroprocessing feed catalytically with hydrogen to cause hydrogenation; and recovering a hydrocarbon fraction boiling in a liquid fuel range.

Abstract: Provided are catalytic assemblies which include a hollow fiber membrane permeable to a gas; a reactive coating permeable to the gas and a contaminant; and a plurality of catalytic nanoparticles embedded in the reactive coating adapted to catalyze a reaction between the gas and the contaminant. Also provided are preparation methods for the catalytic assemblies, and use thereof for treating contaminated water.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a catalyst for a hydrocarbon resin hydrogenation reaction and a preparation method for the same, wherein the catalyst is a nickel powder catalyst including nickel (Ni), copper (Cu), and sulfur (S), and more particularly, a nickel-based catalyst for a hydrogenation reaction, which is added to a hydrogenation reaction in order to improve the color of the hydrocarbon resin. According to an embodiment of the present invention, provided is a catalyst for a hydrogenation reaction, includes 40-80 parts by weight of nickel, 0.01-5 parts by weight of copper, 1-10 parts by weight of sulfur, and 10-60 parts by weight of a silica support based on 100 parts by weight of the entire dried catalyst including a support. Therefore, the catalyst can improve the quality of hydrocarbon resin. Furthermore, the catalyst can provide colorless, odorless, and transparent water-white hydrocarbon resin with improved thermal stability by removing unsaturated bonds in the hydrocarbon resin.

Abstract: A method of processing a hydrocarbon feedstock may comprise hydrotreating the hydrocarbon feedstock in a low-severity hydrotreater to produce a first effluent and hydrotreating the first effluent, or a portion thereof, in a high-severity hydrotreater to produce a low contaminant product. The low-severity hydrotreater may operate at a catalyst volume of less than 60% of a catalyst volume of the high-severity hydrotreater. The low-severity hydrotreater may operate at a hydrogen partial pressure of at least 5 bar lower than the hydrogen partial pressure in the high-severity hydrotreater. The low-severity hydrotreater may operate at a weighted average bed temperature (WABT) of at least 5° C. less than the WABT of the high-severity hydrotreater.

Abstract: A method of detecting the presence of a cathinone moiety in a sample, such as a suspected illicit drug sample, which comprises contacting the sample with a solution comprising neocuproine, a source of copper(II) and a catalyst and observing a colour change, where present, that correlates with the presence of cathinone. The method is operable at environmental temperature. Mechanical elements may be employed to accelerate the colour change if desired.

Abstract: Disclosed are a process and system that are capable of performing selective hydrogenation on aromatic fractions by configuring a catalyst bed through staged loading of a plurality of hydrogenation catalysts with different catalytic properties, or configuring a catalyst system in which a plurality of hydrogenation catalysts are arranged using a plurality of reactors in such a way as to be equivalent with the staged loading, and as a result, are capable of suppressing aromatic loss while improving the selective removal of unsaturated hydrocarbons in the aromatic fraction and durability compared to the case of using a single catalyst.

Abstract: A method for operating an integrated system for producing olefins may include contacting a hydrogenation feed with a first hydrogenation catalyst to produce a hydrogenated effluent, the hydrogenation feed including at least a portion of a first process effluent from a first olefin production process and at least a portion of a second process effluent from a second olefin production process. The hydrogenation feed may include at least hydrogen, ethylene, carbon monoxide, acetylene, methyl acetylene, and propadiene, and the first hydrogenation catalyst may be a hydrogenation catalyst having a temperature operating range of at least 40° C. The hydrogenated effluent may include methyl acetylene, propadiene, or both. The method may further include contacting at least a portion of the hydrogenated effluent with a second hydrogenation catalyst, which may cause hydrogenation of at least a portion of the methyl acetylene and propadiene to produce an MAPD hydrogenated effluent.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for deparaffinning a middle distillate feedstock, to convert, in good yield, feedstocks having high pour points into at least one cut having an improved pour point. Said process is performed with at least one catalyst comprising at least one hydro-dehydrogenating phase containing at least one metal from group VIB and at least one metal from group VIII of the Periodic Table of the Elements, and a support comprising at least one IZM-2 zeolite, a zeolite of WI framework type code and at least one binder.

Abstract: Naphthenic process oils are made by blending one or more naphthenic vacuum gas oils in one or more viscosity ranges with a high CA content distilled aromatic extract feedstock to provide at least one blended oil, and hydrotreating the at least one blended oil to provide an enhanced CA content naphthenic process oil. The order of the vacuum distillation and blending steps may be reversed.

Abstract: Naphthenic process oils are made by blending one or more naphthenic vacuum gas oils in one or more viscosity ranges with a high CA content ethylene cracker bottoms, slurry oil, heavy cycle oil or light cycle oil feedstock to provide at least one blended oil, and hydrotreating the at least one blended oil to provide an enhanced CA content naphthenic process oil. The order of the vacuum distillation and blending steps may be reversed.

Abstract: Hydrogenation of at least one aromatic or polyaromatic compound contained in a hydrocarbon feedstock having a final boiling point below or equal to 650° C., at a temperature of between 30 and 350° C., at a pressure of between 0.1 and 20 MPa, at a hydrogen/(aromatic compounds to be hydrogenated) molar ratio between 0.1 and 10 and at an hourly space velocity HSV of between 0.05 and 50 h?1, in the presence of a catalyst comprising an alumina support and an active phase comprising nickel, prepared by i) contacting the support with a solution containing a nickel precursor; ii) bringing the support into contact with a solution containing an organic compound comprising a carboxylic acid, or alcohol, or ester, or amide function; iii) drying the impregnated support at a temperature below 250° C.; i) and ii) being carried out separately, in any order, or at the same time.

Abstract: Naphthenic process oils are made by blending one or more naphthenic vacuum gas oils in one or more viscosity ranges with a high CA content ethylene cracker bottoms, slurry oil, heavy cycle oil or light cycle oil feedstock to provide at least one blended oil, and hydrotreating the at least one blended oil to provide an enhanced CA content naphthenic process oil. The order of the vacuum distillation and blending steps may be reversed.

Abstract: Provided herein are biodiesel fuel mixtures having improved properties for reducing NOx emissions as well as total particulate matter emissions, CO emissions, and total hydrocarbon emissions.

Abstract: An integrated process is provided herein having a first reaction zone to lower sulfur and nitrogen content of the initial feedstock to a target level to facilitate processing in a second reaction zone for deep hydrogenation. With the very low heteroatom content, noble metal catalyst materials used in the second reaction zone are protected and maximum saturation of aromatics is achieved. The processes and systems herein are suitable for converting certain heavy fractions, typically considered “low value” feedstocks, into higher value products including gasoline and diesel, and a hydrogen-rich, aromatic-lean heavy fraction suitable as feed for olefin production processes, or as a lubricant base oil.

Abstract: Methods are provided for performing selective hydrodesulfurization on a naphtha boiling range stream naphtha boiling range portion of a feed. It has been unexpectedly discovered that hydrodesulfurization with improved octane retention can be performed by using a catalyst that comprises CoMo supported on a catalyst support that includes a zeotype framework. By using a catalyst support including a zeotype framework, an unexpectedly high amount of octane in the naphtha boiling range portion of the hydrodesulfurized effluent is maintained.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for combined hydrodesulfurization and hydrocracking of a heavy hydrocarbon feed comprising contacting the hydrocarbon feed in the presence of hydrogen with a catalyst comprising a mixture of a solid acid catalyst and a hydrodesulfurization catalyst.

Abstract: The invention is directed to the use of dissolved hydrogen in a purification process for the removal of Bromine Index (BI)-reactive compounds from an aromatic-containing hydrocarbon stream derived from various sources, such as petroleum fractionation, reforming, thermal cracking, catalytic cracking, isomerization, transalkylation, alkylation, coking, conversion of oxygenates, conversion of biomass, etc. The purification process comprises contacting the aromatic-containing hydrocarbon stream in the liquid phase in the presence of dissolved hydrogen with at least one suitable catalytic material under conditions effective to provide a product stream having a lower concentration of BI-reactive compounds than the untreated stream.

Abstract: A highly active trimetallic mixed transition metal oxide material has been developed. The material may be sulfided to generate metal sulfides which are used as a catalyst in a conversion process such as hydroprocessing. The hydroprocessing may include hydrodenitrification, hydrodesulfurization, hydrodemetallation, hydrodesilication, hydrodearomatization, hydroisomerization, hydrotreating, hydrofining, and hydrocracking.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a palladium-based supported hydrogenation catalyst and a preparation method and application thereof. The catalyst is prepared by the following method: impregnating an Al2O3-containing carrier with an organic solution containing a bipyridine derivative having hydroxy group, optionally drying followed by impregnating with a mixed solution containing the main active component palladium ions and the auxiliary active component Mn+ ions, where M is one selected from Ag, Au, Ni, Pb and Cu; and then optionally drying, and calcining to obtain the catalyst. The preparation method provided by the present invention allows Pd atoms and M atoms to be highly uniformly dispersed on the carrier, which overcomes the adverse impact of the surface tension of the impregnation solution and the solvation effect on the dispersibility of active components.

Abstract: Method for starting up a method for producing kerosene and diesel fuel from hydrocarbon compounds produced by Fischer-Tropsch synthesis. The start-up method employs catalytic reaction of Fischer-Tropsch synthesis with a synthesis gas for producing a heavy hydrocarbon fraction and a light hydrocarbon fraction, a reduction (RE) reducing a hydrotreatment catalyst by ensuring contact with a gas comprising hydrogen, bringing the heavy hydrocarbon fraction into contact with the hydrotreatment catalyst (DM). During the step for ensuring contact, the temperature (TEMP) of the catalyst is increased to a temperature of between 260° C. and 360° C. Then, (TR) bringing a mixture comprising the heavy hydrocarbon fraction and the light hydrocarbon fraction into contact with the hydrotreatment catalyst is carried out.

Abstract: A process and catalyst is disclosed for converting heavy hydrocarbon feed into lighter hydrocarbon products using multifunctional catalysts. Multifunctional catalysts enable use of less expensive metal by substituting expensive metals for less expensive metals with no loss or superior performance in slurry hydrocracking. Less available and expensive ISM can be replaced effectively.

Abstract: Catalysts that are resistant to high-temperature sintering and methods for preparing such catalysts that are resistant to sintering at high temperatures are provided. The catalyst may be prepared by contacting a solution comprising an ionic species with one or more charged surface regions of a catalyst support. A surface of the catalyst support further includes one or more catalyst particles disposed adjacent to the one or more charged surface regions. The ionic species has a first charge opposite to a second charge of the one or more charged surface regions. Next, the ionic species is associated with the one or more charged surface regions to form a layer on the one or more select surface regions. The layer is calcined to generate a coating comprising metal oxide on the one or more select surface regions, where the coating is formed adjacent to the one or more catalyst particles.

Abstract: We have discovered a process for hydrocracking a distillate stream and separating it into several product cuts including LPG, light naphtha, heavy naphtha and distillate without a stripper column. Additionally, no more than two heaters relying on external utilities are required for reboiling fractionator bottoms.

Abstract: A method for hydrofining of middle distillates of Fischer-Tropsch synthetic full-range distillates, the method including: 1) separating middle distillates of Fischer-Tropsch synthetic full-range distillates to yield light distillates, heavy distillates and intermediate distillates; 2) metering the light distillates, the heavy distillates and the intermediate distillates; providing a hydrogenation reactor filled with a hydrofining catalyst and including a first feed inlet, a second feed inlet and a third feed inlet from the top down; mixing hydrogen and the light distillates, the heavy distillates and the intermediate distillates, respectively, and introducing resulting mixtures to the hydrogenation reactor via the first feed inlet, the second feed inlet and the third feed inlet, respectively; and 3) introducing products from 2) to a gas-liquid separator to yield hydrogen and liquid products, returning the hydrogen to the hydrogenation reactor, and introducing the liquid products to a fractionating column for

Abstract: A hydrotreating reactor including a vessel comprising an upper zone, and intermediate zone and a lower zone. The upper zone comprises at least one upper catalyst bed. The intermediate zone comprises a vapor/liquid separation zone, wherein gas separated within the vapor/liquid separation zone is directed to a high pressure knockout drum and the liquid separated within the vapor/liquid separation zone is directed to a stripping section and then the lower zone. The lower zone comprises at least one lower catalyst bed. Preferably, the stripping section is configured and arranged for removing hydrogen sulfide and ammonia from the gas.

Abstract: Systems and methods are presented that reduce energy and water consumption in processes for producing fuel from renewable alcohol-containing feedstreams. Alcohol content is converted directly to hydrocarbon transport fuels in a catalytic process, with heat transferred between intermediate process streams to reduce heat energy consumption. Overall water consumption is reduced by recovery of water from the catalytic process and reduction of water temperature to reduce evaporative losses.

Abstract: A supported catalyst having a calcined, predominantly aluminum, oxide support and an active phase of 5 to 65% by weight nickel with respect to the total mass of the catalyst, said active phase having no group VIB metal, the nickel particles having a diameter less than or equal to 20 nm, said catalyst having a mesopore median diameter greater than or equal to 14 nm, a mesopore volume measured by mercury porosimetry greater than or equal to 0.45 mL/g, a total pore volume measured by mercury porosimetry greater than or equal to 0.45 mL/g, a macropore volume less than 5% of the total pore volume, said catalyst being in the form of grains having an average diameter comprised between 0.5 and 10 mm. The invention also relates to the process for the preparation of said catalyst and the use thereof in a hydrogenation process.

Abstract: This invention relates to a catalyst for preparing a cyclic hydrocarbon, which is a non-noble-metal supported on zirconium phosphate, and to a method of preparing a cyclic hydrocarbon, including preparing a cyclic hydrocarbon from a lignin derivative through hydrodeoxygenation and hydrogenation using the catalyst for preparing a cyclic hydrocarbon.

Abstract: Methods are provided for modifying hydrogenation catalysts having silica supports (or other non-alumina supports) with additional alumina, and using such catalysts to achieve unexpectedly superior hydrogenation of feedstocks. The modified hydrogenation catalysts can have a relatively low cracking activity while providing an increased activity for hydrogenation.

Abstract: Systems and methods are provided for catalytically dewaxing a diesel boiling range feed. In some aspects, catalytic dewaxing can be performed at low hydrogen treat gas rates and/or low hydrogen purity conditions. In other aspects, the systems and methods can allow for distillate dewaxing while reducing or minimizing the amount of equipment required.

Abstract: The present invention describes a process for the production of technical white oils or edible or medicinal oils from waste oils originating from industrial use or engine use, said process using a deep hydrotreatment.

Abstract: Methods are provided for dewaxing a distillate fuel boiling range feed to improve one or more cold flow properties of the distillate fuel feed, such as cloud point, with reduced consumption of hydrogen during the dewaxing process. The reduced hydrogen consumption is achieved by using a dewaxing catalyst with a reduced content of hydrogenation metals, such as a content of Pt or Pd of from about 0.03 wt % to about 0.35 wt %. A distillate fuel feed can be dewaxed to achieve a desired cloud point differential using a reduced metals content dewaxing catalyst under the same or similar conditions to those required for a dewaxing catalyst with higher metals content.

Abstract: A multi-stage hydrotreating process obtains ultra-low sulfur diesel boiling range hydrocarbon having less than 10 ppm sulfur with elimination of external hot high pressure separator and avoids the formation of recombinant mercaptans by removing excess hydrogen sulfide formed during hydroprocessing reaction. The process includes mixing a diesel boiling range hydrocarbon feedstock with hydrogen and sending to the first predominantly liquid phase hydroprocessing reaction stage. Effluent from the first hydroprocessing reaction stage is sent to first separator zone of open and empty space in the upper part of the second hydroprocessing reaction stage to flash off the dissolved reaction products hydrogen sulfide and ammonia. Liquid part of the effluent of first hydroprocessing reaction stage is passed to the second predominantly liquid phase hydroprocessing reaction stage.

Abstract: A process for producing mesophase pitch from high-temperature coal tar comprises: removing salts and quinoline insoluble fraction from a high-temperature coal tar to obtain a decant oil; using the decant oil as a hydrogenation feedstock, or pre-distilling the decant oil to obtain a residue with a boiling point higher than 230 and formulating the residue into a hydrogenation feedstock; catalytic hydrorefining the hydrogenation feedstock to obtain a hydrofined oil; distilling the hydrofined oil to obtain hydrogenated pitch; and subjecting the hydrogenated pitch to the thermal polymerization to obtain the mesophase pitch. The process has features such as an easily controllable degree of hydrogenation, complete removal of impurities, good raw material flowability, not tending to form the carbon deposition and the coking during the process, and not tending to jam the reactor. The product has a high content of mesophase pitch, a low softening point and a low impurity content.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus for removing sulfur compounds from a hydrocarbon stream are disclosed. In one exemplary embodiment, a method for removing sulfur compounds from a hydrocarbon stream includes the steps of steam stripping a mixed hydrocarbon stream to form a steam stripped overhead stream comprising naphtha and lighter hydrocarbons and a steam stripped bottoms stream comprising naphtha and heavier hydrocarbons; fractionating the steam stripped bottoms stream to form a fractionated overhead stream comprising naphtha hydrocarbons; combining the steam stripped overhead stream with a portion of the fractionated overhead stream and an H2-rich makeup gas stream; and hydrodesulfurizing the combined stream to form an HDS reaction effluent stream.

Abstract: Provided are a method for producing paraffins and an apparatus for producing paraffins, in which each high-purity paraffin can be produced with high efficiency while complicated operations such as distillation are not carried out. An apparatus for producing paraffins includes a separation and recovery unit and a hydrogenation unit. The separation and recovery unit has a separator containing silver ions, and separates impurities from raw material olefins containing olefins as main components and recovers the olefins, by bringing the raw material olefins into contact with the separator. The hydrogenation unit brings the olefins recovered by the separation and recovery unit into contact with hydrogen in a presence of a catalyst and subjects the recovered olefins to a hydrogenation reaction, thereby obtaining high-purity paraffins.

Abstract: The process and apparatus of the present invention selectively hydrogenates a heavier olefinic naphtha stream in an upstream catalyst bed and the hydrogenated effluent and a lighter olefinic naphtha stream in a downstream catalyst bed. The heavier di-alkenes are less re-active and are contacted with more hydrogenation catalyst than the lighter di-alkenes which are more re-active.

Abstract: The invention relates to a hydrocarbon hydroprocessing catalyst comprising a support based on at least one refractory oxide, at least one metal from group VIII and at least one metal from group VIB. The inventive catalyst is characterized in that it also comprises at least one organic compound having formula (I) or (II): in which each R1 represents independently an alkyl group at C1-18, an alkenyl group at C2-18, an aryl group at C6-18, a cycloalkyl group at C3-8, an alkylaryl or arylalkyl group at C7-20, or the two R1 groups together form a divalent group at C2-18, and R2 represents an alkylene group at C1-18, an arylene group at C6-18, a cycloalkylene group at C3-7, or a combination of same. The invention also relates to a method of preparing one such catalyst and to the use thereof for hydroprocessing or hydrocracking.

Abstract: A method of obtaining paraffinic hydrocarbons from fat, by an exemplary method, whereby the method is performed in two stages, in a coupled flow-type system, under atmospheric pressure conditions, in the presence of heterogeneous catalysts, after their thermal activation, so that in Stage I the fat and/or waste fat is heated at a temperature range of 100-500° C., in the presence of an inert gas, in the presence of a catalyst in the form of a metal oxide on an oxide support or in the form of a mixture of at least two metal oxides on an oxide support. The product obtained in Stage I is treated, in the presence of an inert gas, at a temperature range of 100-500° C., in the presence of a metallic catalyst on an oxide support, with hydrogen gas or with a mixture of hydrogen and carbon monoxide, obtained in the selective decomposition of methanol.

Abstract: This invention relates to the conversion or hydrotreatment of petroleum or coal derived liquids in a novel ebullated-bed reactor system. The novel processing scheme results in a much simpler and less costly (investment and annual operating) ebullated-bed reaction system through the elimination of the high pressure, high temperature separator, hydrogen purification plant, and recycle gas compressor as well as a smaller hydrogen make-up compressor all resulting in substantial operational and construction efficiency.

Abstract: A process for preparing a selective hydrogenation catalyst is described, wherein is provided a catalyst precursor, comprising at least one group VIII metal in the metallic form, and at least one support formed of at least one oxide, characterized in that a step is performed of contacting the said catalyst precursor in the metallic form, in the liquid phase and in the presence of a reducing and/or inert atmosphere, with a non-polar solvent containing a silicon compound, the said silicon compound is selected from the silanes containing at least one Si—H bond and at least one Si—C bond, the silanols and the cyclic siloxanes. The selective hydrogenation process implementing the said catalyst is also described.

Abstract: The present invention includes a reactor main body (4) that is formed into a tubular shape having an axis (O) as the center and accumulates a slurry (S); a gas supply line (10) for incorporating a synthesis gas (G) into the reactor main body (4), and a sparger part (5) that is disposed in a lower portion within the reactor main body (4), communicates with the gas supply line (10), and sprays the synthesis gas (G). The sparger part (5) includes a header tube (15) in which a plurality of openings are formed so as to be separated from each other in a first direction and which sprays the synthesis gas (G) from the openings, and a pair of wall surface parts that protrude from the header tube (15), on opposing sides of the plurality of openings and in a direction orthogonal to the first direction.

Abstract: A selective nickel-based hydrogenation catalyst and the preparation thereof, characterized in that: provided that the catalyst is weighed 100%, it comprises nickel oxide 14-20% as active component, lanthanum oxide and/or cerium oxide 2-8%, and VIB element oxide 1-8% as aids, 2-8% silica, 1-8% alkaline earth metal oxides, and alumina as the balance. The catalyst specific surface area is 60-150 m2/g, and the pore volume is 0.4-0.6 ml/g. The catalyst has good hydrogenation performance, especially impurity and colloid resistance and hydrogenation stability. The catalyst can be applied to the diolefin selective hydrogenation of medium or low-distillate oil, especially of the full-distillates pyrolysis gasoline.

Abstract: A method of producing monocyclic aromatic hydrocarbons includes bringing a feedstock oil having a 10 vol % distillation temperature of 140° C. or higher and a 90 vol % distillation temperature of 380° C. or lower, into contact with a catalyst for monocyclic aromatic hydrocarbon production containing a crystalline aluminosilicate, in which a content ratio of monocyclic naphthenobenzenes in the feedstock oil is adjusted to 10 mass % to 90 mass %, by mixing a hydrocarbon oil A having a 10 vol % distillation temperature of 140° C. or higher and a 90 vol % distillation temperature of 380° C. or lower with a hydrocarbon oil B containing more monocyclic naphthenobenzenes than the hydrocarbon oil A.

Abstract: A process for separating water from pyrolysis gasoline obtained from a steam cracking step uses a coalescer for the water separation. And a device comprises a coalescer for water separation from pyrolysis gasoline.

Abstract: A method wherein either crude oil or a used oil lubricant is processed to produce an intermediate lube distillate which is then hydrotreated to produce a hydrotreated base oil which is then processed by solvent treatment to produce a higher viscosity index base oil (such as Groups II+ and/or III) and a lower viscosity index base oil (such as Groups I and/or II), in each case as compared with the viscosity index of the hydrotreated base oil. In the solvent treatment, one or more solvents are utilized to selectively separate higher viscosity index components from lower viscosity index components found in the hydrotreated base oil, and after the separations have occurred, the solvent is preferably recovered for re-use in the process.

Abstract: A hydrotreater reactor device includes a reactor chamber including a first bed and a second bed. A first input is disposed to provide a hydrocarbon stream to the first bed and a second input is disposed to bypass the first bed and provide a hydrocarbon stream to the second bed. A differential temperature controller measures a temperature difference across the first bed. A control valve at the second input adjusts an amount of the hydrocarbon stream admitted through the second input based on the measured temperature difference. A charge heater provides a hydrocarbon stream as an output through a split output line having a first branch connected to the first input and in fluid communication with the first bed, and a second branch connected to the second input and in fluid communication with the second bed. A restrictor downstream of the split controls a pressure drop at the first input.

Abstract: A method, system, and apparatus for lift gas distribution are disclosed. According to one embodiment, a lift gas distributor comprises a plate having a surface and an underside, the plate having a first diameter; a center section of the plate having a second diameter, wherein the first diameter is larger than the second diameter; a predetermined number of holes having a third diameter drilled into the surface of the plate, the holes drilled at an angle, the holes evenly distributed in the center section; and a plurality of tubes welded onto the underside of the plate, each tube having a predetermined length, wherein each tube is welded onto each hole. Lift gas passes through the tubes and holes into a reactor.

Abstract: Embodiments of apparatuses and methods for hydrotreating coker kerosene or other thermally or catalytically cracked hydrocarbon stream are provided. In one example, a method comprises splitting a feed comprising coker kerosene into first and second feed streams. The first feed stream is heated to form a heated first feed stream. The second feed stream is partially heated to form a partially heated second feed stream. The heated first feed stream is contacted with a first hydrotreating catalyst to form a first hydrotreated intermediate stream. The first hydrotreated intermediate stream is combined with the partially heated second feed stream to form a partially quenched first hydrotreated intermediate combined stream. The partially quenched first hydrotreated intermediate combined stream is contacted with a second hydrotreating catalyst to further hydrotreat the partially quenched first hydrotreated intermediate combined stream.

Abstract: A composition that comprises a support material that is loaded with an active metal or metal precursor and an additive that comprises an ether amine compound and, preferably, a morpholine compound as an additional component of the ether amine containing additive. The ether amine containing additive impregnated composition is useful in the hydroprocessing of hydrocarbon feedstocks. The ether amine containing additive impregnated composition is prepared by incorporating a metal solution into a support material followed by incorporating therein the ether amine containing additive.