Abstract: The present disclosure relates to compositions, systems and methods for removing iron sulfide scale from a solid object, such as an oilfield component. The compositions include a carbon-carbon (C—C) double bond with an electron withdrawing group bonded to at least one of the double-bonded carbons.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a process for enhancing quality of a hydrocarbon stream. More particularly, the present invention discloses a process for improvement of the combustion quality of a diesel range stream by dissolving an oxygen source in the feed stream before carrying out the oxidation, thereby enhancing the Cetane number, lubricity and reducing emission of the stream. The present invention also discloses a process for enhancing combustion quality of a hydrocarbon stream by carrying out the process in presence of an organometallic catalyst.

Abstract: An electrode catalyst obtained by calcining a metal phthalocyanine polymer having a repeating structural unit obtained by the amide bonding of a structural unit represented by general formula (1a) to a structural unit represented by general formula (2a) to form a calcined body, then treating the calcined body with an acid. Formula (1a) (wherein L is a divalent or trivalent metal ion belonging to Period 3 to Period 5 on the long-form periodic table.) Formula (2a) (wherein M is a divalent or trivalent metal ion belonging to Period 3 to Period 5 on the long-form periodic table.

Abstract: A multi-component scavenging system containing at least one ester and at least one electron-deficient organic compound, together with or without one or more optional components such as an aldehyde having from 4 to 20 carbon atoms, a ketone having from 4 to 20 carbon atoms, an ether, a solvent, an alkali metal salt of an alkyl or dialkyl phenol, an epoxide, an alkyl anhydride, and mixtures thereof, may be used to scavenge contaminants from hydrocarbon and/or aqueous streams. The contaminants scavenged or otherwise removed may include, but are not necessarily limited to, ammonia, primary amines, secondary or tertiary amines, H2S, mercaptans, sulfide cyanides, and combinations thereof.

Abstract: The present disclosure is related to a family of metals chelates for use as a hydrogen sulfide scavenger in asphalt, and the preparation thereof. The metal chelates, in particular amino acid metal chelates, are particularly efficient at reducing the hydrogen sulfide emissions of asphalt.

Abstract: The present disclosure is related to a family of metals chelates for use as a hydrogen sulfide scavenger in asphalt, and the preparation thereof. The metal chelates, in particular amino acid metal chelates, are particularly efficient at reducing the hydrogen sulfide emissions of asphalt.

Abstract: A method of removing sulfur from sour oil by subjecting sour oil having a first sulfur content to high shear in the presence of at least one desulfurizing agent to produce a high shear treated stream, wherein the at least one desulfurizing agent is selected from the group consisting of bases and inorganic salts, and separating both a sulfur-rich product and a sweetened oil product from the high shear-treated stream, wherein the sulfur-rich product comprises elemental sulfur and wherein the sweetened oil product has a second sulfur content that is less than the first sulfur content. A system for reducing the sulfur content of sour oil via at least one high shear device comprising at least one rotor and at least one complementarily-shaped stator, and at least one separation device configured to separate a sulfur-rich product and sweetened oil from the high shear-treated stream.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are scavenging compounds and compositions useful in applications relating to the production, transportation, storage, and separation of crude oil and natural gas.

Abstract: Hydrogen sulfide and mercaptans in hydrocarbons, gas mixtures of hydrocarbons and the like may be scavenged therefrom by being brought into intimate contact with a mercaptan scavenger formulation of quaternary ammonium alkoxide or hydroxide in the presence of a high oxidative state metal such as cobalt, iron, chromium and/or nickel. The high oxidative state metal, being an oxidizer, acts as a catalyst when combined with the quaternary ethoxide or hydroxide for improved mercaptan scavenging performance.

Abstract: Methods for reducing sulfides from fluid streams are provided. The methods comprise adding secondary amine-formaldehyde adduct (SAFA) scavengers to fluid streams. The SAFA scavengers added comprise less than about 40 wt % N-methyl secondary amines of the total weight of SAFA scavengers. Methods for distilling N-methyl secondary amines from secondary amine-formaldehyde adduct (SAFA) scavengers are also provided. Purified SAFA scavengers are also disclosed.

Abstract: The present invention relates to making tetra-sulfo iron-phthalocyanine by reacting sulfonated reactant(s) in the presence a boron-containing promoter. The present invention also relates to making tetra-sulfo iron phthalocyanine more tolerant to oxygen by combining the tetra-sulfo iron-phthalocyanine with a stabilizing amount of a complexing agent (e.g., a stabilizing amine) and/or contacting the tetra-sulfo iron-phthalocyanine with steam.

Abstract: A method of removing sulfur from sour oil by subjecting sour oil having a first sulfur content to high shear in the presence of at least one desulfurizing agent to produce a high shear treated stream, wherein the at least one desulfurizing agent is selected from the group consisting of bases and inorganic salts, and separating both a sulfur-rich product and a sweetened oil product from the high shear-treated stream, wherein the sulfur-rich product comprises elemental sulfur and wherein the sweetened oil product has a second sulfur content that is less than the first sulfur content. A system for reducing the sulfur content of sour oil via at least one high shear device comprising at least one rotor and at least one complementarily-shaped stator, and at least one separation device configured to separate a sulfur-rich product and sweetened oil from the high shear-treated stream.

Abstract: The invention provides a method of removing mercaptans from hydrocarbon fluids. The method involves using an alpha-amino ether to scavenge the mercaptans. The scavenging reaction converts the mercaptans into a hydrocarbon soluble compound that mitigates the odor of the mercaptans.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for removing carbon dioxide and optionally hydrogen sulphide and/or COS from a gas stream containing these compounds by washing the gas with an aqueous washing solution containing water, sulfolane and a secondary or tertiary amine derived from ethanolamine. More particularly the invention relates to the process described above, the process being carried out in the presence of a primary or secondary amine compound in an amount between 0.5 and 15 wt. % based on water, sulfolane and amine. The invention further relates to an absorbent liquid to be used in the above process.

Abstract: The present invention relates to making tetra-sulfo iron-phthalocyanine by reacting sulfonated reactant(s) in the presence a boron-containing promoter. The present invention also relates to making tetra-sulfo iron phthalocyanine more tolerant to oxygen by combining the tetra-sulfo iron-phthalocyanine with a stabilizing amount of a complexing agent (e.g., a stabilizing amine) and/or contacting the tetra-sulfo iron-phthalocyanine with steam.

Abstract: Hydrogen sulfide and mercaptans in hydrocarbons, gas mixtures of hydrocarbons and the like may be scavenged therefrom by being brought into intimate contact with a mercaptan scavenger formulation of quaternary ammonium alkoxide or hydroxide in the presence of a high oxidative state metal such as cobalt, iron, chromium and/or nickel. The high oxidative state metal, being an oxidizer, acts as a catalyst when combined with the quaternary ethoxide or hydroxide for improved mercaptan scavenging performance.

Abstract: In a process for deacidifying a fluid hydrocarbon stream which comprises carbon dioxide (CO2) and/or other acid gases as impurities, the fluid stream is brought into intimate contact with an absorption liquid in an absorption or extraction zone (12), the substantially purified fluid stream and the absorption liquid which is loaded with CO2 and/or other acid gases are separated from one another, and the absorption liquid is subsequently regenerated and then again fed to the absorption extraction zone (12). To regenerate the absorption liquid, the loaded absorption liquid is first expanded in a first low-pressure expansion stage (22) to a pressure of from 1 to 2 bar (absolute). The partially regenerated absorption liquid is then heated in a heat exchanger (20) and then, in a second low-pressure expansion stage (29), again expanded to a pressure of from 1 to 2 bar (absolute).

Abstract: The present invention is an apparatus and process for oxidizing mercaptans in a preferably kerosene stream. By using a catalyst promoter, sufficient separation of hydrocarbon and aqueous alkali occurs in the reactor vessel to obviate the need for a settling tank. Hence, the sweetened kerosene can be withdrawn from the reactor vessel and sent directly to a residual alkali removal unit such as a sand filter vessel or to a water wash vessel if jet grade fuel is desired. In an embodiment, the reactor vessel used for this purpose includes a reaction section and a separation section in the same reactor vessel and an aqueous alkali outlet and a sweetened hydrocarbon outlet in the separation section.

Abstract: 1,3,5-(2H2,4H2,6H2) tripropanediamine N,N,N?,N?,N?,N? hexamethyl is used to scavenge sulfur compounds from hydrocarbons. A novel method of making the triazine comprises autocondensing (CH3)2NCH2CH2CH2N?CH2.

Abstract: A process for treating nitrogen-containing, substantially paraffinic product derived from a Fischer-Tropsch process. The substantially paraffinic product is purified in a purification process to lower the concentration of oxygen, nitrogen, and other impurities. The nitrogen content of the purified product is monitored, and the conditions of the purification step are adjusted to increase nitrogen removal if the nitrogen content of the purified product exceeds a preselected value.

Abstract: Economical processes are disclosed for the production of components for refinery blending of transportation fuels by selective oxidation of feedstocks comprising a mixture of hydrocarbons, sulfur-containing and nitrogen-containing organic compounds. Oxidation feedstock is contacted with a soluble quaternary ammonium salt containing halogen, sulfate, or bisulfate anion, and an immiscible aqueous phase comprising a source of hydrogen peroxide, and at least one member of the group consisting of phosphomolybdic acid and phosphotungstic acid, in a liquid reaction mixture under conditions suitable for reaction of one or more of the sulfur-containing and/or nitrogen-containing organic compounds. Blending components containing less sulfur and/or less nitrogen than the oxidation feedstock are recovered from the reaction mixture. Advantageously, at least a portion of the immiscible acid-containing phase is recycled to the oxidation.

Abstract: A process for fixed bed sweetening of petroleum distillates using halogenating metal phthalocyanine as a catalyst comprising impregnating the catalyst on activated charcoal bed by circulating alcoholic alkaline solution of the catalyst through charcoal bed till colorless bed solution is obtained in the effluent, passing the petroleum distillate through the said catalyst loaded charcoal bed along with air or oxygen at a temperature and pressure with liquid hourly space velocity with continuous or intermittent injection of alkali solution such as sodium hydroxide of concentration to obtain the desired low mercaptan level petroleum distillates. The alkaline solution used is selected from methanolic and ethanolic solution of sodium hydroxide. The halogenated metal phthalocyanine catalyst used is selected from dichloro cobalt phthalocyanine and dibromo cobalt phthalocyanine. The petroleum fraction used is selected from diesel, kerosene and FCC gasoline.

Abstract: A composition comprising a promoter and a metal oxide selected from the group consisting of a gallium oxide, an indium oxide, and combinations of any two or more thereof, wherein at least a portion of the promoter is present as a reduced valence promoter and methods of preparing such composition are disclosed. The thus-obtained composition is employed in a desulfurization zone to remove sulfur from a hydrocarbon stream.

Abstract: A method for controlling the foaming of an aqueous organic compound-containing composition by the incorporation of a foam controlling amount of a compound of the formula: where n and m are 2 or 3, x is 1-6, R′ is a C4 to C22 alkyl group, where R′ is a C4 to C22 alkyl group, the compound generating an initial foam height at least 30% less than a 0.1 wt % aqueous solution of dioctyl sodium sulfosuccinate (DOSS) when added at 0.1 wt % to the DOSS solution.

Abstract: A process and an apparatus for the preparation of petroleum hydrocarbon solvent with improved color stability from crude oils having high concentration of nitrogenous compounds which comprises passing said petroleum hydrocarbon stream containing substantial amount of nitrogenous compounds over a column of molecular sieves/modified clays at ambient to elevated temperature and pressure maintaining the feed in the liquid state, thereby obtaining the petroleum hydrocarbon stream with desired color stability.

Abstract: The present invention related to a process for sweetening of LPG light petroleum distillates by liquid liquid extraction using metal phtalocyanine sulphonamide catalyst which comprises extracting the mercaptanes contain in LPG, light petroleum distillate like pentanes, light straight run naphtha by liquid-liquid extraction using an aqueous or alcoholic solution of alkali metal hydroxide of concentration ranging between 1 wt % to 50 wt % in the presence of a metal phthalocyanine sulphonamide catalyst in the concentration ranging from 5-4000 ppmw, at a temperature ranging from 10° C. to 80° C. at a pressure ranging from 1 kg/cm2-50 kg/cm2 in a continuous or batch manner, converting the mercaptanes present in above said extract into corresponding disulphides by passing air, oxygen or any oxygen containing gas at the above same temperature and pressure, regenerating the alkali solution containing catalyst for recycling by separating the upper layer of disulphides from said alkali solution of catalyst.

Abstract: 1,3,5 (2H2,4H2,6H2) tripropanediamine N,N,N′,N′,N″,N″ hexamethyl is used to scavenge sulfur compounds from hydrocarbons. A novel method of making the triazine comprises autocondensing (CH3)2N CHCH2CH2N═CH2.

Abstract: This invention relates to reducing the amount of thiols (mercaptans) in petroleum streams, specifically, mercaptans above the five carbon molecular weight range.

Abstract: The general object of this invention is to provide an improved process for sweetening and desulfurizing sulfur-containing crude oil streams. Heating the sulfur-containing crude oil stream to an elevated temperature for an extended period of time while stirring and bubbling an inert gas into the crude accelerates the removal of sulfur containing gases from the crude oil stream. Furthermore, the addition of a polyalkylamine to the stirred crude oil can also greatly assist in the expulsion of sulfur containing gases. After processing under these conditions, the hydrogen sulfide producing capacity of the crude oil is reduced significantly, thus making the crude safer for transportation and handling by reducing the health and environmental risks.

Abstract: The invention describes a method for preparing a low sulfur motor gasoline utilizing ethanol and caustic extraction.

Abstract: Polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and other contaminants are removed from petroleum distillates by mixing a solvent with petroleum distillate to extract the contaminants therefrom. The solvent is recovered and distilled to separate the contaminants therefrom, and is then reused. The petroleum distillate having the contaminants separated therefrom is also distilled to remove any remaining solvent therefrom, with the recovered solvent being reused.

Abstract: The corrosion of metals in contact with aqueous alkanolamine solution in acid gas removal units is inhibited by adding to the alkanolamine solution a corrosion inhibiting amount of a thiacrown ether compound. The compounds are monomeric or polymeric and have from 4 to about 10 sulfur atoms on each of the crown rings. The polymeric thiacrown ether ring structures are substituted with polymerized ethylenically unsaturated monomers and have from 4 to about 10 sulfur atoms on each of the crown rings. In some embodiments of the invention, a linkage “M” connects the thiacrown ether ring structures and the polymers and M is O; S; COO; C1 to C5 substituted or unsubstituted linear or branched alkylene wherein the substituent is OH, SH, F, Br, Cl, I, COOH, amine, mono- or di- C1 to C5 alkylamino, C1 to C3 lower alkanoylamino or nitro; or M is NR6 where R6 is H or C1 to C5 alkyl.

Abstract: Elemental sulfur and sulfur contaminants causing silver corrosion and present in fluids such as refined petroleum products, e.g., gasoline, jet, diesel, kerosene or fuel additives such as ethers, is removed from such fluids by contacting the contaminated fluid containing indigenous hydrocarbyl mercaptan or by adding to the fluids which lack or have insufficient indigenous hydrocarbyl mercaptan a quantity of hydrocarbyl mercaptan and passing the resulting mixture through an adsorbent selected from the group consisting of alumina, bayerite, brucite and hydrotalcite like materials of the formula M.sub.x.sup.2+ M.sub.y.sup.3+ (OH).sub.2x+3y-z (NO.sub.3) mH.sub.2 O wherein M.sup.2+ is magnesium, M.sup.3+ is aluminum, and x, y and z are values from 1 to 6 and m is the number of waters of hydration.

Abstract: A method for scavenging mercaptans in a hydrocarbon fluid is disclosed. According to the method, an effective mercaptan-scavenging amount of an aqueous scavenging composition is added to the fluid. The composition comprises a quaternary ammonium hydroxide of the formula R.sup.1 R.sup.2 R.sup.3 R.sup.4 NOH. R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are, independently, alkyl groups of from one to about eighteen carbon atoms, aryl groups of from six to about eighteen carbon atoms or alkylaryl groups of from seven to about eighteen carbon atoms. R.sup.3 is an alkyl group of from two to about eighteen carbon atoms, an aryl group of from two to about eighteen carbon atoms or an alkylaryl group of from four to about eighteen carbon atoms. R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 may be joined to form a heterocyclic ring including the N and optionally an oxygen atom. R.sup.4 is --(CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 O).sub.n H, wherein n is an integer from one to about eighteen, or --CHR.sup.5 CHR.sup.6 Y, wherein R.sup.5 and R.sup.

Abstract: The corrosion of metals in contact with aqueous alkanolamine solution in acid gas removal units is inhibited by maintaining in the alkanolamine solution a corrosion inhibiting amount of a compound having the formula: ##STR1## where R is S or O, and R.sub.1, R.sub.2, R.sub.3 and R.sub.4 are independently H, C.sub.1 to C.sub.8 alkyl, C.sub.1 to C.sub.8 alkenyl, C.sub.6 to C.sub.10 aryl, C.sub.7 to C.sub.12 alkaryl, C.sub.7 to C.sub.12 aralkyl, C.sub.3 to C.sub.10 cycloalkyl, C.sub.1 to C.sub.8 thiophene, or amino groups. The alkanedithiol is useful for inhibiting the corrosion of metals in both the acid gas rich and lean portions of the acid gas removal unit.

Abstract: A method for scavenging mercaptans in a hydrocarbon fluid is disclosed. According to the method, an effective mercaptan-scavenging amount of an aqueous scavenging composition is added to the fluid. The composition comprises a quaternary ammonium hydroxide of the formula R.sup.1 R.sup.2 R.sup.3 R.sup.4 NOH. R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are, independently, alkyl groups of from one to about eighteen carbon atoms, aryl groups of from six to about eighteen carbon atoms or alkylaryl groups of from seven to about eighteen carbon atoms. R.sup.3 is an alkyl group of from two to about eighteen carbon atoms, an aryl group of from two to about eighteen carbon atoms or an alkylaryl group of from four to about eighteen carbon atoms. R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 may be joined to form a heterocyclic ring including the N and optionally an oxygen atom. R.sup.4 is --(CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 O).sub.n H, wherein n is an integer from one to about eighteen, or --CHR.sup.5 CHR.sup.6 Y, wherein R.sup.5 and R.sup.

Abstract: Reaction of 1,3,5-tri-substituted-hexahydro-1,3,5-triazine is accelerated in H.sub.2 S scavenging by the addition of quaternary ammonium compound. The preferred hexahydro triazines are 1,3,5-tri-methyl-hexahydro-1,3,5-triazines and 1,3,5-tri-methoxypropyl-hexahydro-1,3,5-triazines. The blend of the hexahydro triazine and quaternary ammonium compounds can be used to treat sour gases and liquids (e.g. sour kerosene, crude oil, fuel oils, heating oils, distillate fuels, bunker fuel oil, and the like.

Abstract: Low molecular weight mercaptans are extracted from petroleum (e.g., crude oil) or gas condensate by contacting the mercaptans with oxygen in an aqueous solution of a metal hydroxide in the presence of a cobalt dihalodihydroxydisulfophthalocyanine catalyst. The catalyst is introduced into the crude oil or gas condensate continuously in the form of a catalytic complex in an aqueous solution of a metal hydroxide.

Abstract: Minor amounts of C.sub.3 -C.sub.4 hydrocarbons from amine absorbents used in removing H.sub.2 S liquid C.sub.3 -C.sub.4 hydrocarbon are recovered. The process features recovery of the C.sub.3 -C.sub.4 hydrocarbon in a hydrocarbon gas from a second absorption zone where H.sub.2 S is removed from the hydrocarbon gas, the hydrocarbon gas functioning as a stripping gas.

Abstract: A catalytic mixture of discrete solid materials and a mercaptan oxidation process for using the catalytic mixture have been developed. The catalytic mixture comprises a metal chelate dispersed on a non-basic solid support and a solid base. The process involves contacting a sour middle distillate hydrocarbon fraction which contains mercaptans with the supported metal chelate and the solid base mixture in the presence of an oxidizing agent and a polar compound. The process is unique in that both the catalyst and the base are discrete solid materials.

Abstract: A process for sweetening a petroleum cut containing mercaptans, wherein said petroleum cut is subjected to oxidation conditions by being contacted with a porous catalyst, in the presence of air said process being characterised in that said catalyst comprises 10 to 98% by weight of at least one mineral solid phase constituted of an alkaline aluminosilicate with a Si/Al atomic ratio less than or equal to 5, 1 to 60% by weight of active carbon, 0.02 to 2% by weight of at least one metal chelate and 0 to 20% by weight of at least one organic or mineral binding agent, has a basicity determined according to the 2896 ASTM standard with 20 milligrams of potash per gram and a total BET surface area of 10 m.sup.2 g.sup.-1, and contains inside its pore structure a permanent aqueous phase representing 0.1 to 40% by weight of dry catalyst.

Abstract: A catalytic system of physically separate and discrete solid materials and a mercaptan oxidation process for using the catalytic system have been developed. The catalytic system comprises a supported metal chelate dispersed on a non-basic solid support and a solid base. The process involves contacting a sour middle distillate hydrocarbon fraction which contains mercaptans first with the solid base and then, in the presence of an oxidizing agent and a polar compound, with the supported metal chelate. The process is unique in that both the catalyst and the base are solid materials and that the solid base is in a separate fixed bed from the supported metal chelate.

Abstract: The levels of hydrogen sulfide and organic sulfides present in gaseous or liquid hydrocarbon streams or mixtures thereof are reduced by contacting the streams with a composition comprising the reaction product of aminoethylpiperazine, an alkanolamine, an etheramine, a polyalkyleneamine, or a polyoxyalkyleneamine with a C1 to C4 aldehyde, including monoaldehydes and dialdehydes, such as ethandial. The solubility of polyamine/aldehyde reaction products is increased by the presence of an enchancing amine/aldehyde reaction product. The enhancing amines include alkanolamines, etheramines, and mixtures thereof.

Abstract: A catalytic mixture of discrete solid materials and a mercaptan oxidation process for using the catalytic mixture have been developed. The catalytic mixture comprises a metal chelate dispersed on a non-basic solid support and a solid base. The process involves contacting a sour middle distillate hydrocarbon fraction which contains mercaptans with the supported metal chelate and the solid base mixture in the presence of an oxidizing agent and a polar compound. The process is unique in that both the catalyst and the base are discrete solid materials.

Abstract: A catalytic system of physically separate and discrete solid materials and a mercaptan oxidation process for using the catalytic system have been developed. The catalytic system comprises a supported metal chelate dispersed on a non-basic solid support and a solid base. The process involves contacting a sour middle distillate hydrocarbon fraction which contains mercaptans first with the solid base and then, in the presence of an oxidizing agent and a polar compound, with the supported metal chelate. The process is unique in that both the catalyst and the base are solid materials and that the solid base is in a separate fixed bed from the supported metal chelate.

Abstract: A catalyst and a process for using the catalyst have been developed. The catalyst is a metal chelate dispersed on a basic support which is a combination of a solid base and a secondary component. The solid base can be a solid solution of metal oxides and/or a layered double hydroxide (LDH) and the secondary component can be calcium oxide, magnesium oxide, calcium hydroxide and magnesium hydroxide. The process involves contacting a sour hydrocarbon fraction which contains mercaptans with the catalyst in the presence of an oxidizing agent and a polar compound. Examples of these polar compounds are water and alcohols, with methanol being especially preferred. The process is unique in that the solid solution or LDH are solid bases which eliminates the need for a liquid base. Optionally, an onium compound may be used as a catalyst promoter.

Abstract: A process for the fixed-bed sweetening of sour petroleum distillates with fraction temperatures of from about 125.degree. to about 350.degree. C. and having an acid number of 0.03 mg of KOH/g or higher. The reduction of the acidity and the oxidation of the mercaptans necessary for the sweetening of the distillates are carried out together in a single stage by passing the distillate, in the presence of an oxidizing agent but in the absence of a basic solution, and particularly of an alkali-metal hydroxide solution, over an oxidation catalyst whose specific surface ranges from 1 to 10 m.sup.2 /gram, and preferably from 2 to 6 m.sup.2 /gram, and whose micropore volume ranges from 0.01 to 0.10 cm.sup.3 /gram, and preferably from 0.02 to 0.05 cm.sup.3 /gram.

Abstract: Sour sulfhydryl group containing oils are treated with an effective amount of a sweetening, hydrogen sulfide vapor reducing quaternary ammonium compound of the formula ##STR1## (a) wherein (i) R.sup.1, R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 are hydrocarbon groups including alkyl, aryl, alkaryl or arylalkyl groups, of up to 24 carbon atoms, and if an alkyl group, may include a cycloalkyl; with the proviso that two of R.sup.1, R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 may be in saturated heterocyclic ring which includes said nitrogen atom and may also include an oxygen atom; and (ii) at least one of R.sup.1, R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 has two or more carbon atoms; and (b) wherein R.sup.4, R.sup.5, R.sup.6 and R.sup.7 independently are hydrogen or a hydrocarbon group of up to six carbon atoms, with the proviso that two of R.sup.4, R.sup.5, R.sup.6 and R.sup.7 may be in a cycloalkane ring. The compounds used in this treatment are especially suitable for high boiling, heavy residual fuels under low mix conditions.

Abstract: An improved process for treating a sour hydrocarbon stream has been developed. This process involves contacting the sour hydrocarbon fraction with a metal oxide solid solution in the presence of an oxidizing agent such as air or oxygen. One example of a solid solution which can be used is a nickel oxide/magnesium oxide/aluminum oxide solid solution.

Abstract: A process for treating a hydrocarbon fraction which contains mercaptans has been developed. The process uses a novel catalyst which is composed of a metal chelate dispersed on a basic support which is either a solid solution of metal oxides or a layered double hydroxide (LDH). In the process the hydrocarbon fraction is contacted with the catalyst in the presence of an oxidizing agent and a polar compound. Examples of these polar compounds are water and alcohols, with methanol being especially preferred. The process is unique in that the solid solution or LDH are solid bases which eliminates the need for a liquid base. Optionally, an onium compound may be used as a catalyst promoter.