Abstract: A reaction system and method for removing heteroatoms from oxidized-heteroatom-containing hydrocarbon streams and products derived therefrom are disclosed. An oxidized-heteroatom-containing hydrocarbon feed is reacted in a reaction system thereby forming non-ionic hydrocarbon products. The products derived therefrom are useful as transportation fuels, lubricants, refinery intermediates, or refinery feeds.

Abstract: A process for the deep desulfurisation of hydrocarbons (HC), in particular Natural Gas Condensate (NGC), and HC comprising diesel, pre-extracted diesel and naphtha, is described which is capable of reducing the sulfur content of these HC from 500 to 30 ppm. The process comprises contacting the hydrocarbon material with an oxidant selected from organic peroxy acids, organic peroxides, inorganic peroxides and mixtures thereof, in at least a stochiometric amount sufficient to oxidise a sulfur compound to a sulfone compound; contacting the hydrocarbon material with an aqueous extractant to allow at least a portion of the oxidised sulfur compounds to be extracted into the aqueous extractant, and separating the hydrocarbon material from the aqueous extractant to give a hydrocarbon material of reduced sulfur content. Optionally, the process may include a second and subsequent extractions with the aqueous extractant to further reduce sulfur content. A final extraction with an IL may be conducted.

Abstract: A method of upgrading a heteroatom-containing hydrocarbon feed by removing heteroatom contaminants is disclosed. The method includes contacting the heteroatom-containing hydrocarbon feed with an oxidant and an immiscible acid to oxidize the heteroatoms, contacting the oxidized- heteroatom-containing hydrocarbon feed with caustic and a selectivity promoter, and removing the heteroatom contaminants from the heteroatom-containing hydrocarbon feed. The oxidant may be used in the presence of a catalyst.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a process and system for removing at least a portion of organosulfur compounds from an oil sands produced gas and transferring the organosulfur compounds to a bitumen-based liquid. One example of the system includes an absorber to contact the gas with an amount of liquid hydrocarbon sufficient to absorb some of the organosulfur compounds, producing an organosulfur enriched liquid hydrocarbon. The system includes a separator that accepts the organosulfur enriched liquid hydrocarbon and an emulsion that includes water and the bitumen-based liquid. The separator separates produced water from a bitumen-based mixture of organosulfur enriched liquid hydrocarbon and bitumen-based liquid. The system adds an amount of additional liquid hydrocarbon to separate the produced water from the bitumen-based mixture when the amount of liquid hydrocarbon added is less than the amount of liquid hydrocarbon needed to separate the produced water from the bitumen-based mixture.

Abstract: A reaction system and method for removing heteroatoms from oxidized-heteroatom-containing hydrocarbon streams and products derived therefrom are disclosed. An oxidized-heteroatom-containing hydrocarbon feed is reacted in a reaction system thereby forming non-ionic hydrocarbon products. The products derived therefrom are useful as transportation fuels, lubricants, refinery intermediates, or refinery feeds.

Abstract: In a process to treat gaseous components obtained from an in situ recovery of liquid hydrocarbons from a hydrocarbonaceous deposit the mercaptans and hydrogen sulfide are separated from each other using lean oil and the hydrogen sulfide further processed to obtain a sulfur-free fuel gas product. The rich oil obtained after treating the gaseous components can be used as a diluent with the liquid hydrocarbons or processed to remove and convert the mercaptans to disulfide oils.

Abstract: A method of extracting hydrocarbon-containing organic matter from a hydrocarbon-containing material includes the steps of providing a first liquid comprising a turpentine liquid; contacting the hydrocarbon-containing material with the turpentine liquid to form an extraction mixture; extracting the hydrocarbon material into the turpentine liquid; and separating the extracted hydrocarbon material from a residual material not extracted.

Abstract: The process for the desulfurization of a sulfur-containing hydrocarbon mixture, such as a full-range, hydrotreated diesel oil, is accomplished with an aqueous oxidizing agent in the presence of a catalyst and a co-catalyst, and thereafter selectively removing the oxidized compounds by solvent extraction. Optionally, the foregoing steps are followed by solvent stripping and recovery, and a final polishing step.

Abstract: A process for desulphurization of petroleum oil, comprising the step of diluting the feed oil with a suitable organic solvent prior to the desulphurization reaction, is disclosed. The organic solvent is selected from alkanes, alkenes, cyclic alkenes and alkynes, and particularly selected from n-hexane, cyclohexane, heptane, pentene, hexene, heptene, octene, toluene and xylene. The solvent concentration in the mixture of feed oil and solvent is in the range of 0.1-70%.

Abstract: A method of extracting hydrocarbon-containing organic matter from a hydrocarbon-containing material includes the steps of providing a first liquid comprising a turpentine liquid; contacting the hydrocarbon-containing material with the turpentine liquid to form an extraction mixture; extracting the hydrocarbon material into the turpentine liquid; and separating the extracted hydrocarbon material from a residual material not extracted.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a process for obtaining extracted crude oil (ECO) which is substantially free of naphthenic acids, calcium and other impurities from low asphaltic crude oils or their residue fractions by preferential extraction of saturates using at least one solvent.

Abstract: A method for separating polar hydrocarbon compounds from a hydrocarbon oil containing polar hydrocarbon compounds comprising the steps of: a) forming a gel in the hydrocarbon oil, and thereafter b) separating the gel from the hydrocarbon oil to produce a separated gel and a separated hydrocarbon oil.

Abstract: A reaction system and method for removing heteroatoms from oxidized-heteroatom-containing hydrocarbon streams and products derived therefrom are disclosed. An oxidized-heteroatom-containing hydrocarbon feed is reacted in a reaction system thereby forming non-ionic hydrocarbon products. The products derived therefrom are useful as transportation fuels, lubricants, refinery intermediates, or refinery feeds.

Abstract: A method of upgrading a heteroatom-containing hydrocarbon feed by removing heteroatom contaminants is disclosed. The method includes contacting the heteroatom-containing hydrocarbon feed with an oxidant to oxidize the heteroatoms, contacting the oxidized-heteroatom-containing hydrocarbon feed with caustic and a selectivity promoter, and removing the heteroatom contaminants from the heteroatom-containing hydrocarbon feed. The oxidant may be used in the presence of a catalyst.

Abstract: A process for upgrading hydrocarbon oil feedstreams employs a solid adsorption material to lower sulfur and nitrogen content by contacting the hydrocarbon oil, with a solid adsorbents in a mixing vessel; passing the slurry to a membrane separation zone to separate the solid adsorption material with the adsorbed sulfur and nitrogen compounds from the treated oil; recovering the upgraded hydrocarbon product having a significantly reduced nitrogen and sulfur content as the membrane permeate; mixing the solid adsorbent material with aromatic solvent to remove and stabilize the sulfur and nitrogen compounds; transferring the solvent mixture to a fractionation tower to recover the solvent, which can be recycled for use in the process; and recovering the hydrocarbons that are rich in sulfur and nitrogen for processing in a relatively small high-pressure hydrotreating unit or transferring them to a fuel oil pool for blending.

Abstract: A method of upgrading a heteroatom-containing hydrocarbon feed by removing heteroatom contaminants is disclosed. The method includes contacting the heteroatom-containing hydrocarbon feed with an oxidant and an immiscible acid to oxidize the heteroatoms, contacting the oxidized-heteroatom-containing hydrocarbon feed with caustic and a selectivity promoter, and removing the heteroatom contaminants from the heteroatom-containing hydrocarbon feed. The oxidant may be used in the presence of a catalyst.

Abstract: A method for producing a low sulphur containing fuel from a hydrocarbon feed having from 10 to 80 ppm of sulphur is disclosed. The method comprises contacting a hydrocarbon stream comprising at least one olefin having from 2 to 6 carbon atoms and at least one paraffin having from 4 to 6 carbon atoms with an ionic liquid catalyst and a halide containing additive in an alkylation reaction zone under alkylating conditions to produce a fuel having sulphur content up to 10 ppm.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for removing sulfur from sulfur-containing hydrocarbon streams utilizing a multi-ring aromatic hydrocarbon complex containing an alkali metal ion. Preferably, the sulfur-containing hydrocarbon stream is comprised of high molecular weight hydrocarbons, such as a low API gravity, high viscosity crude, tar sands bitumen, an oil derived from shale, or heavy refinery intermediate stocks such as atmospheric resids or vacuum resids which are typically difficult to desulfurize and contain relatively high amounts of sulfur. However, intermediate refinery streams and refinery product streams may also be treated by the process of the current invention to achieve very low sulfur concentrations to meet environmental specification for fuels sulfur content.

Abstract: A crude oil which contains at least 0.1 wt % unstable sulfur compounds is treated in a reaction zone at low temperature to convert at least 50 wt % of the unstable sulfur compounds contained therein. The reaction and removal of sulfur from the crude may be facilitated by contacting the crude oil with a catalytic material in the presence of a stripping fluid.

Abstract: The present invention provides a process for reducing the nitrogen content of a liquid hydrocarbon feed wherein said process comprises a) contacting a liquid hydrocarbon feed comprising an alkylating agent and organic nitrogen species with an acidic catalyst at elevated temperature in a first reaction zone to generate a liquid hydrocarbon feed comprising a reduced alkylating agent content and organic nitrogen species of higher boiling point. b) fractionating the liquid hydrocarbon feed comprising a reduced alkylating agent content and organic nitrogen species of higher boiling point to remove the organic nitrogen species of higher boiling point to generate a liquid hydrocarbon feed comprising a reduced alkylating agent content and a reduced nitrogen content.

Abstract: A process for the regeneration of materials used in the guard beds preceding the reactors used in an olefin conversion process which converts olefinic refinery streams to higher boiling hydrocarbon products by polymerization (oligomerization) or alkylation of aromatics including benzene. Products of the process may include olefin oligomers and alkylaromatics in the gasoline boiling range as well as alkylaromatic petrochemicals such as cumene and ethylbenzene. The process is integrated with the olefin conversion process to ensure continuous operation of the olefin conversion without sending the feedstock containing the contaminant(s) to the reactor. The process uses reaction products from the olefin conversion process to regenerate the guard bed material and so is economically attractive since it does not require the use of separate purge, regeneration feed and separation systems. A plurality of guard beds is used, each containing a material which removes catalyst poisons.

Abstract: The invention concerns a process for desulphurizing gasoline comprising a step for fractionating said gasoline under conditions in which a light fraction comprising the lightest thiophene compounds such as thiophene or methylthiophenes and a heavy fraction concentrating the heaviest aromatic sulphur-containing compounds are obtained. Said heavy fraction is treated by hydrodesulphurization, while the light fraction is brought into contact with a solid adsorbant to eliminate at least a portion of said light thiophene compounds.

Abstract: Conducting the hydrodesulphurization of gasoline cuts in the presence of a catalyst comprising at least one support, at least one element of group VIII and tungsten, in which the atomic ratio (element of group VIII)/(element of group VIII+tungsten) is greater than 0.15 and less than 0.50, preferably 0.35–0.40 inclusive.

Abstract: For desulfurization and, if necessary, for denitrification of hydrocarbon fractions the hydrocarbon mixture is brought into contact with a non-aqueous ionic liquid of general formula Q+A?, wherein Q+ is a ammonium, phosphonium or sulfonium cation, that contains at least one alkylating agent of the formula RX?, making it possible to form ionic sulfur-containing derivatives (and, if necessary, nitrogen-containing derivatives) that have a preferred solubility in the ionic liquid; and the ionic liquid is separated from the hydrocarbon mixture that is low in sulfur and nitrogen by decanting.

Abstract: A light cracked naphtha is treated to convert mercaptans to sulfides and saturate dienes and then subjected to destructive hydrodesulfurization (HDS) to convert the organic sulfur compounds to hydrogen sulfide. The recombinant mercaptans formed by reaction of hydrogen sulfide and olefins at the outlet of the HDS are generally heavier than the light cracked naphtha is fractionated in admixture with a heavy cracked naphtha. A low sulfur content light cracked naphtha is produced as an overheads and the major portion of the mercaptans leave with heavy cracked naphtha as bottoms. It also advantageous to pass the heavy cracked naphtha through the HDS in admixture with the light cracked naphtha, since the recombinant mercaptans formed with the heavy cracked naphtha olefins (which displace some of the lower mercaptans which would form the light cracked naphtha olefins) will be even higher boiling and easier to separate by fractionation.

Abstract: Economical processes are disclosed for the production of fuels of reduced sulfur content from a feedstock, typically derived from natural petroleum, wherein the feedstock is comprised of limited amounts of sulfur-containing organic compounds as unwanted impurities. The processes involve an integrated, multiple stage system for converting these impurities to higher boiling products by alkylation and removing the higher boiling products by fractional distillation. Advantageously, the processes include selective hydrogenation of the high-boiling fraction whereby the incorporation of hydrogen into hydrocarbon compounds, sulfur-containing organic compounds, and/or nitrogen-containing organic compounds assists by hydrogenation removal of sulfur and/or nitrogen. Products can be used directly as transportation fuels and/or blending components to provide, for example, more suitable components for blending into fuels which are more friendly to the environment.

Abstract: Economical processes are disclosed for the production of fuels of reduced sulfur content from a feedstock, typically derived from natural petroleum, wherein the feedstock is comprised of limited amounts of sulfur-containing organic compounds as unwanted impurities. The processes involve integrated, multistage processes which include pretreatment of a light naphtha with a solid adsorbent to remove basic nitrogen containing compounds, chemical conversion of one or more of the sulfur-containing impurities to higher boiling products by alkylation, and removing the higher boiling products by fractional distillation. Advantageously, the processes include selective hydrogenation of the high-boiling fraction whereby the incorporation of hydrogen into hydrocarbon compounds, sulfur-containing organic compounds, and/or nitrogen-containing organic compounds assists by hydrogenation removal of sulfur and/or nitrogen.

Abstract: A process for desulfurization and, if necessary, for denitrification of hydrocarbon fractions is characterized in that:

Abstract: A method for obtaining oil products such as diesel fuel with improved quality, from a gas oil fraction containing organosulphur compounds such as dibenzenethiophenes and/or their derivatives, with initial and final boiling points generally ranging between about 170 and 480° C. The method includes at least two steps which consist in: (a) liquid-liquid extraction wherein the diesel fuel fraction is contacted with a solvent so as to obtain a gas oil-type raffinate with low content of sulphur and aromatic compounds and an extract rich in solvent and with high content of sulphur and aromatic compounds; (b) oxidation of the extract sulphur compounds so as to obtain, after separation, a heavy gas oil-type hydrocarbon effluent with low sulphur content, and a residue comprising oxidased organosulphur compounds. The invention also concerns oil products obtained by said method which can be used either for the formation of fuel for internal combustion engine with compression ignition (of the diesel type) or as fuel.

Abstract: The present invention provides a process for removing sulfur compounds including sulfur in the (−2) oxidation state such as mercaptans, dialkyl sulfides, carbonyl sulfide, hydrogen sulfide, thiophenes and benzothiophenes, from liquid or gas feed streams, particularly hydrocarbon feed streams such as, for example, natural gas and refinery process streams. According to the process, such a feed stream including these sulfur impurities is contacted with an absorbent which includes a metal ion-containing organic composition such as, for example, iron, copper, lead, nickel, tin, zinc or mercury cation-containing phthalocyanine or porphyrin to thereby form sulfur-metal cation coordination complexes in which the oxidation state of the sulfur and the metal cation remains essentially unchanged. The complexes are separated from the feed stream, and the absorbent is regenerated by disassociating the sulfur compound from the complexes.

Abstract: Economical processes are disclosed for the production of fuels of reduced sulfur content from a feedstock, typically derived from natural petroleum, wherein the feedstock is comprised of limited amounts of sulfur-containing organic compounds as unwanted impurities. The processes involve integrated, multistage processes which include pretreatment of a light naphtha with a solid adsorbent to remove basic nitrogen containing compounds, chemical conversion of one or more of the sulfur-containing impurities to higher boiling products by alkylation, and removing the higher boiling products by fractional distillation. Advantageously, the processes include selective hydrogenation of the high-boiling fraction whereby the incorporation of hydrogen into hydrocarbon compounds, sulfur-containing organic compounds, and/or nitrogen-containing organic compounds assists by hydrogenation removal of sulfur and/or nitrogen.

Abstract: This invention relates to reducing the amount of thiols (mercaptans) in petroleum streams, specifically, mercaptans above the five carbon molecular weight range.

Abstract: Potassium formate is used together with a sulfide scavenger to remove and otherwise treat sulfhydryl compounds such as hydrogen sulfide present in hydrocarbons and aqueous substrates

Abstract: A method for reducing the level of elemental sulfur from sulfur-containing hydrocarbon streams as well as reducing the level of total sulfur in such streams. Preferred hydrocarbon streams include fuel streams such as naphtha streams that are transported through a pipeline. The sulfur-containing hydrocarbon stream is contacted with a mixture of water, a caustic, at least one metal sulfide, and an aromatic mercaptan. This results in an aqueous phase and a hydrocarbon phase containing reduced levels of both elemental sulfur and total sulfur.

Abstract: A method and composition for reducing the levels of hydrogen sulphide and mercaptans in hydrocarbon streams. The method comprises contacting the gas stream with a composition comprising the reaction product of mixing monoethanolamine, diglycolamine and formaldehyde. The use of the method and composition alleviates problems associated with crystalline dithiazine depost build-up associated with the use of triazine based scavengers.

Abstract: A process for reducing the level of elemental sulfur from sulfur-containing hydrocarbon streams, particularly refined fuel streams such as gasoline that is transported through a pipeline. A mercaptan compound is mixed with the stream prior to, or after, the stream is pipelined.

Abstract: A process for desulfurizing hydrocarbons such as gasoline and similar petroleum products to reduce the sulfur content to a range of from about 2 to 15 ppm sulfur without affecting the octane rating is described. The sulfur containing hydrocarbon is contacted at slightly elevated temperatures with an oxidizing/extracting solution of formic acid, a small amount of hydrogen peroxide, and no more than about 25 wt % water.

Abstract: A process for desulfurizing fuels such as diesel oil and similar petroleum products to reduce the sulfur content to a range of from about 2 to 15 ppm sulfur is described. The sulfur containing fuel is contacted at slightly elevated temperatures with an oxidizing/extracting solution of formic acid, a small amount of hydrogen peroxide, and no more than about 25 wt % water. A removal process for separating substituted dibenzothiophene oxidation products from tile fuel is also described.

Abstract: A method for separating sulfur species from hydrocarbon streams, particularly cracked naphtha streams, using extractive distillation. The method effectively separates sulfur species from cracked naphtha streams without substantially lowering the olefin content.

Abstract: A process for desulfurizing hydrocarbons such as gasoline and similar petroleum products to reduce the sulfur content to a range of from about 2 to 15 ppm sulfur without affecting the octane rating is described. The sulfur containing hydrocarbon is contacted at slightly elevated temperatures with an oxidizing/extracting solution of formic acid, a small amount of hydrogen peroxide, and no more than about 25 wt % water.

Abstract: A method for the removal of carbonyl sulfide from liquefied petroleum is disclosed. Removal of carbonyl sulfide is accomplished by contacting a liquid petroleum gas stream containing a carbonyl sulfide as an impurity with a calixarene complexing agent as the principal agent for the removal of the carbonyl sulfide.

Abstract: A method is provided for reducing the amount of hydrogen sulfide and organic sulfides present in streams, such as natural gas streams, by scrubbing the stream with a composition containing (i) an aqueous phase containing a reaction product resulting from the reaction between an aldehyde, such as formaldehyde, and a first amine, such as monoethanolamine or aminoethylpiperazine, and (ii) an organic phase containing at least a second amine, such as butylamine, pentylamine or hexylamine, to produce: (1) a stream having a diminished amount of sulfide contaminants and (2) a sulfided reaction product, such as trithiane. The sulfided reaction product is solubilized into the organic phase (which precludes the formation of solids), and this resulting sulfided reaction product-containing organic phase is separated from the aqueous phase. The sulfided reaction product-containing organic phase may be used as a corrosion inhibitor, and the composition has reduced foaming characteristics during the scrubbing step.

Abstract: The invention discloses a process for the desulfurization of petroleum products by contacting with acidic organic polymers. Preferably, highly fluorinated and, most preferably, perfluorinated acidic organic polymers are used.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an activated metal oxide and methods for removing sulfur compounds from fluids, whereby the activated metal oxide includes an amount of metal oxide and an amount of ethoxylated fatty amine, with the ethoxylated fatty amine increasing the rate of reactivity between the metal oxide and the sulfur compounds, which include hydrogen sulfide, carbonyl sulfide, mercaptans, and other organic sulfides. The ethoxylated tallow amines include ethoxylated tallow amine, ethoxylated cocoa amine, ethoxylated oleic amine, ethoxylated soya amine, ethoxylated palmatic amine, ethoxylated steric amine, and combinations thereof. The method involves activating the metal oxide, preferably iron oxide or zinc oxide, with an amount of ethoxylated fatty amine so that when fluids, such as water or liquid hydrocarbons, contact the metal oxide the sulfur compounds are removed.

Abstract: A product of reduced sulfur content is produced in a multiple stage process from a feedstock which is comprised of a mixture of hydrocarbons and includes sulfur-containing aromatic compounds as unwanted impurities. The first stage involves: (1) subjecting the feedstock to alkylation conditions which are effective to convert a portion of the impurities to higher boiling sulfur-containing products, and (2) separating the resulting products by fractional distillation into a lower boiling fraction and a higher boiling fraction. The lower boiling fraction is comprised of hydrocarbons and is of reduced sulfur content relative to the feedstock. The higher boiling fraction is comprised of hydrocarbons and contains unconverted sulfur-containing aromatic impurities and also the higher boiling sulfur-containing products.

Abstract: A product of reduced sulfur content is produced from a feedstock which is comprised of a mixture of hydrocarbons and contains organic sulfur compounds as unwanted impurities. The process comprises converting at least a portion of the sulfur-containing impurities to sulfur-containing products of higher boiling point by treatment with an alkylating agent in the presence of an acid catalyst and removing at least a portion of these higher boiling products by fractional distillation. Suitable alkylating agents include alcohols and olefins. In a preferred embodiment, catalytic cracking products which contain aromatic sulfur compounds as impurities are used as a feedstock for the process.

Abstract: A product of reduced sulfur content is produced from a feedstock which is comprised of a mixture of hydrocarbons and contains organic sulfur compounds as unwanted impurities. The process comprises converting at least a portion of the sulfur-containing impurities to sulfur-containing products of higher boiling point by treatment with an alkylating agent in the presence of an acid catalyst and removing at least a portion of these higher boiling products by fractional distillation. The process can be carried out in a distillation column reactor wherein the acid catalyzed reaction and fractional distillation are carried out simultaneously. Suitable alkylating agents include alcohols and olefins.

Abstract: A light hydrocarbon stream, such as a C.sub.3 -C.sub.5 stream recovered from an FCC unit, is catalytically treated for the selective hydrogenation of dienes and for the removal of mercaptans by thioetherification. The effluent of the reaction zone is fractionated to remove light ends and thioethers in a dual section fractionation zone, with the interconnection of the sections facilitating a reduction in capital and operating costs.

Abstract: A process for treating a light cracked naphtha to be used as an etherification or alkylation feedstock in which the mercaptans and diolefins reacted in a single pass fixed bed reactor and are removed in a distillation column reactor which hydrogenate the unreacted diolefins. The mercaptans are reacted with the diolefins to form sulfides which are higher boiling than that portion of the naphtha which is used as feed to the etherification or alkylation unit. The higher boiling sulfides are removed as bottoms along with any C.sub.6 and heavier materials. Any diolefins not converted to sulfides are selectively hydrogenated to mono-olefins for use in the etherification process. Certain C.sub.5 olefins, for example pentene-1 and 3-methyl butene-1 are isomerized during the process to more beneficial isomers.

Abstract: A light hydrocarbon stream, such as a C.sub.3 -C.sub.5 stream recovered from an FCC unit, is catalytically treated for the selective hydrogenation of dienes and for the removal of mercaptans by thioetherification. The effluent of the reaction zone is fractionated to remove light ends and thioethers in a dual section fractionation zone, with the interconnection of the sections facilitating a reduction in capital and operating costs.