Abstract: The present invention provides a process and equipment for efficiently and economically recovering organic sulfur compounds in a fuel oil while maintaining the original chemical structures thereof. The fuel oil is admixed with a solvent low in solubility therein of hydrocarbons and high in solubility therein of organic sulfur compounds to effect migration of the organic sulfur compounds in the fuel oil into the solvent by making much of the nucleophilic properties of a lone pair of electrons on a bivalent sulfur atom of a sulfur-containing functional group, followed by fuel oil-solvent separation by settling out or with a centrifugal force.

Abstract: Reactive S (e.g. H.sub.2 S and mercaptans) in petroleum liquid are scavenged by the use of oil soluble trialkyl hexahydro triazines wherein at least one alkyl group, and preferably all three, contain from 7 to 20 carbon atoms.

Abstract: A process for removing sulfur from an organic polysulfide by reaction with an aqueous stripping solution of at least one sulfide salt and/or hydrosulfide salt in a multi-stage, continuous, countercurrent flow, reaction system wherein the sulfur is stripped from the polysulfide into the aqueous stripping solution phase which is separated from the polysulfide organic phase.

Abstract: Hydrogen sulfide can be conveniently removed from streams containing up to about 1,000 ppm of H.sub.2 S by reacting the latter with an olefin using a bed of an acidic solid catalyst in a non-oxidative process for the removal of hydrogen sulfide. The reaction can be effected under relatively mild conditions and is very selective for the removal of hydrogen sulfide without being attended by other unwanted reactions such as oligomerization, disproportionation, and skeletal rearrangement. Levels of hydrogen sulfide in the treated product of no more than about 5 ppm can be readily attained using a broad variety of acidic solid catalysts and unsaturated hydrocarbons, especially olefins.

Abstract: A process for removing S and Fe and to reclaim V, Ni and Co from coal or oil and their derivatives or from minerals. The process is based upon an oxidative extraction performed with hypochlorous acid (HC10) whose oxidizing power is generated and regulated "in situ". The process is particularly applicable to the recovery of V from residual flexi-coke and to the recovery of Ni from coal.

Abstract: Residual oils containing metals and sulfur are demetallized and desulfurized by adding to the oil an aromatic solvent and contacting the mixtures in the presence of hydrogen with an alumina having an average pore size greater than about 220 Angstroms.

Abstract: An absorbent hydrocarbonaceous oil comprising contaminants, such as sulfur and/or nitrogen, is upgraded by subjecting the contaminated absorbent oil to hydrorefining. The upgraded absorbent may be utilized again as absorbent.

Abstract: Metals, nitrogen and/or sulfur, particularly vanadium, nickel and nitrogen, are removed from organic compositions, particularly heavy hydrocarbon oils, by contacting the organic composition with a methylating agent, preferably dimethyl sulfate, under conditions sufficient to form a precipitate, including the contaminants, and separating the precipitate from the organic composition as by filtration, decantation, and the like. In another embodiment of the present invention, the treatment with the methylating agent is carried out in conjunction with treatment with an acid gas and water or a solvent, such as a combination of carbon dioxide and water.

Abstract: A desulfurization process is described which consists of heating an organic hydrocarbon like coal or bitumen in a stream of a gaseous or liquid trapping material for hydrogen sulfide (H.sub.2 S). The organic sulfur in the hydrocarbon decomposes and releases H.sub.2 S which reacts with the trapping material to form a metastable sulfur compound. The resulting gaseous or liquid stream is recovered and decomposed in a subsequent step to form H.sub.2 S and to the original trapping material. The trapping material is recovered and recirculated into the reactor. Ethylene, propylene and other olefins, as well as aldehydes and ketones are found to be excellent trapping materials.

Abstract: Metals, nitrogen and/or sulfur, particularly vanadium, nickel and nitrogen, are removed from organic compositions, particularly heavy hydrocarbon oils, by contacting the organic compositions with a halogenating agent, preferably phosphorus oxychloride, under conditions sufficient to form a distinct phase including the contaminants, which is separable from the organic composition and separating the distinct phase from the organic composition as by filtration, decantation, and the like. In another embodiment of the present invention, the treatment with the halogenating agent is carried out in conjunction with treatment with an acid gas and water, as a combination of carbon dioxide and water, or a solvent.

Abstract: A process of recovering the hydrocarbon values from low organic carbon content deposits comprises the hydrotreating of hydrocarbons from those deposits in the presence of supercritical alkane-containing solv

Abstract: A method for removing sulfur impurities from petroleum liquids comprising adding to the petroleum liquid a fatty acid, naphthalene, water and a cellulosic container containing a cellulosic material coated with a chromate compound.

Abstract: A process of recovering the hydrocarbon values from low organic carbon content deposits comprises the hydrotreating of hydrocarbons from those deposits in the presence of supercritical alkane-containing solvent.