Abstract: Processes for preparing a low particulate liquid hydrocarbon product are provided and includes blending a tar stream containing particles with a fluid to produce a fluid-feed mixture containing tar, the particles, and the fluid, and centrifuging the fluid-feed mixture at a temperature of greater than 60° C. to produce a higher density portion and a lower density portion, where the lower density portion contains no more than 25 wt % of the particles in the fluid-feed mixture.

Abstract: A method of producing aromatic hydrocarbons including: supplying a raw material stream to a C6 separation column, supplying an upper discharge stream from the C6 separation column to a first gasoline hydrogenation unit, and supplying a lower discharge stream from the C6 separation column to a C7 separation column; supplying an upper discharge stream from the C7 separation column to the first gasoline hydrogenation unit and supplying a lower discharge stream from the C7 separation column to a C8 separation column; separating benzene and toluene from a discharge stream from the first gasoline hydrogenation unit; removing a lower discharge stream from the C8 separation column and supplying an upper discharge stream from the C8 separation column to a second extractive distillation column; and separating styrene from a lower discharge stream from the second extractive distillation column and separating xylene from an upper discharge stream from the second extractive distillation column.

Abstract: The present specification relates to a hole injection or transfer layer or charge generation layer coating composition of an organic electroluminescence device including an organic metal complex including sulfur; and an organic solvent, a method for manufacturing an organic electroluminescence device using the same, and an organic electroluminescence device.

Abstract: A method of hydrotreating a heavy hydrocarbon feedstock using a hydrotreating catalyst having specific properties that make it effective in removing nitrogen and sulfur from the feedstock is disclosed. The catalyst is composed of an alumina support particle having a specific pore diameter distribution which is achieved in part, by the use of pseudo-boehmite as the alumina source and specific calcining temperatures. The hydrotreatment catalyst also comprises a Group 6 metal component (e.g., molybdenum) and a Group 10 metal component (e.g., nickel), and optionally, a phosphorus metal component, which are supported by the alumina support particle.

Abstract: A process for the hydrotreatment of a vacuum distillate type hydrocarbon feed containing nitrogen-containing compounds is described, comprising a first step in which the feed is brought into contact with a catalyst in its oxide form, then a second step in which the feed is brought into contact with a dried catalyst comprising at least one organic compound containing oxygen and/or nitrogen.

Abstract: A process for the hydrotreatment of a diesel type hydrocarbon feed containing nitrogen-containing compounds is described, comprising a first step in which the feed is brought into contact with a catalyst in its oxide form, then a second step in which the feed is brought into contact with a dried catalyst comprising at least one organic compound containing oxygen and/or nitrogen.

Abstract: Improved catalyst supports, supported catalyst, and method of preparing and using the catalysts for the hydrodesulfurization of a residuum hydrocarbon feedstock are disclosed. The catalyst supports comprise titania alumina having 5 wt % or less titania and have greater than 70% of their pore volume in pores having a diameter between 70 and 130 and less than 2% in pores having a diameter above 1000. Catalysts prepared from the supports contain Groups 6, 9 and 10 metals or metal compounds, and optionally phosphorus, supported on the titania alumina supports. Catalysts in accordance with the invention exhibit improved sulfur and MCR conversion in hydrotreating processes.

Abstract: An improved process for the hydroconversion of micro carbon residue content of heavy hydrocarbon feedstocks by the use of a catalyst composition that is especially useful in the conversion of micro carbon residue of such feedstocks. The catalyst composition is a low surface area composition that further has a specifically define pore structure the combination of which provides for its enhance micro carbon residue conversion property.

Abstract: A catalyst comprising of nano nickel-silica catalyst for dewaxing of heavy petroleum feed at a temperature 200-350° C. at 8 bar and 30 bar hydrogen pressure and in the presence of hydrogen is designed for petrochemical industries. According to a specific aspect of the invention, the nano catalyst is designed and employed to convert heavy hydrocarbon feeds of high viscosity index to low pour point and good stability in a single step.

Abstract: Embodiments of apparatuses and methods for hydrotreating coker kerosene or other thermally or catalytically cracked hydrocarbon stream are provided. In one example, a method comprises splitting a feed comprising coker kerosene into first and second feed streams. The first feed stream is heated to form a heated first feed stream. The second feed stream is partially heated to form a partially heated second feed stream. The heated first feed stream is contacted with a first hydrotreating catalyst to form a first hydrotreated intermediate stream. The first hydrotreated intermediate stream is combined with the partially heated second feed stream to form a partially quenched first hydrotreated intermediate combined stream. The partially quenched first hydrotreated intermediate combined stream is contacted with a second hydrotreating catalyst to further hydrotreat the partially quenched first hydrotreated intermediate combined stream.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method of making low colored bis(2-ethylhexyl) furan-2,5-dicarboxylate (BEHFD) plasticizer via mild hydrogenation of highly colored BEHFD.

Abstract: A process for hydrotreating a naphtha fraction that includes a step of estimating the difference between the naphtha fraction hydrotreating reactor outlet temperature and inlet temperature, based on the reaction temperature of the Fischer-Tropsch synthesis reaction and the ratio of the flow rate of the treated naphtha fraction returned to the naphtha fraction hydrotreating step relative to the flow rate of the treated naphtha fraction discharged from the naphtha fraction hydrotreating step, a step of measuring the difference between the naphtha fraction hydrotreating reactor outlet temperature and inlet temperature, and a step of adjusting the reaction temperature of the naphtha fraction hydrotreating step so that the measured difference between the naphtha fraction hydrotreating reactor outlet temperature and inlet temperature becomes substantially equal to the estimated difference between the naphtha fraction hydrotreating reactor outlet temperature and inlet temperature.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method of synthesizing a low colored furan-2,5-dicarboxylate derivative plasticizer by utilizing purified FDCA (pFDCA), which has very low level 5-formyl furan-2-carboxyic acid (FFCA) and very low level colored bodies, and an alcohol.

Abstract: There is provided a method for upgrading hydrocarbon compounds, in which hydrocarbon compounds synthesized in a Fisher-Tropsch synthesis reaction are fractionally distillated, and the fractionally distillated hydrocarbon compounds are hydrotreated to produce liquid fuel products. The method includes fractionally distilling heavy hydrocarbon compounds synthesized in the Fisher-Tropsch synthesis reaction as a liquid into a first middle distillate and a wax fraction, and fractionally distilling light hydrocarbon compounds synthesized in the Fisher-Tropsch synthesis reaction as a gas into a second middle distillate and a light gas fraction.

Abstract: Methods for processing a hydrocarbonaceous feedstock flows are provided. In one embodiment, the method includes providing two or more hydroprocessing stages disposed in sequence, each hydroprocessing stage having a hydroprocessing reaction zone with a hydrogen requirement and each stage in fluid communication with the preceding stage. The hydrocarbonaceous feedstock flow may be separated into portions of fresh feed for each hydroprocessing stage, and the first portion of fresh feed to the first hydroprocessing stage is heated. The heated first portion of fresh feed may be supplied with hydrogen from the hydrogen source in an amount satisfying substantially all of the hydrogen requirements of the hydroprocessing stages to a first hydroprocessing zone. The unheated second portion of fresh feed is injected counter current to the process flow as quench at one or more locations in one or more of the reaction zones.

Abstract: A process for hydrotreating full range naphtha is disclosed including the steps of passing a vapor stream composed of naphtha hydrocarbons to a first catalyst bed of a hydrotreating reactor, passing a liquid stream composed of naphtha hydrocarbons to a second catalyst bed of the hydrotreating reactor, and recovering a hydrotreated product stream from the hydrotreating reactor. The first and second catalyst beds are arranged in series within the hydrotreating reactor, and the second catalyst bed is downstream of the first catalyst bed.

Abstract: The invention relates to a device and method for distributing a liquid and gas in a multiple-bed downflow reactor, such as a hydrocarbon processing reactor, like a hydrocracker. The device comprises respectively the method uses a distributor device comprising a substantially horizontal collecting tray provided with a central gas passage. Gas passing in downward direction through the central gas passage is forced into a swirling motion by a swirler. This swirling motion has a swirl direction around a vertical swirl axis so that the gas leaves the central gas passage as a swirl. At a location below the collecting tray, liquid collected on the collecting tray is injected into the swirl in an injection direction, which is, viewed in a horizontal plane, at least partly opposite to the swirl direction.

Abstract: One exemplary embodiment can be a hydrotreating process. The hydrotreating process can include providing a first feed stream having a coker naphtha with a bromine number of about 10-about 120, combining the first feed stream with a second feed stream having a straight run naphtha with a bromine number of less than about 10 to create a combined feed, providing the combined feed to a hydrotreating reactor having at least one catalyst bed, and separating a quench stream from the second feed stream and providing the quench stream after the at least one catalyst bed.

Abstract: The present invention describes a distributor plate provided with distribution elements having low sensitivity to a lack of horizontality, a distribution element being constituted by two substantially co-axial cylinders termed the inner cylinder (1) and the outer cylinder, the lower horizontal surface (5) separating the two cylinders being closed. The distributor plate is suitable for co-current downflows of gas and liquid, more particularly in “trickle bed” mode. The invention also concerns the application of the distributor plate to processes for the hydrotreatment or hydrogenation of various oil cuts.

Abstract: A plate that allows the distribution of a polyphase mixture in a reactor that operates in the trickle mode and that consists of at least one gaseous phase and at least one liquid phase, with the plate (10) being located above a catalytic particle bed, comprising a number of shafts (3), and a portion of the shafts of the plate, located close to the wall of the reactor chamber, called peripheral shafts, are truncated. The plate is used in a reactor for the purpose of carrying out hydrotreatment, hydrogenation, or oxidation.

Abstract: The hydrorefining method of the invention is characterized by contacting, in the presence of hydrogen, a fuel stock comprising normal paraffins and oxygen-containing compounds, with a hydrorefining catalyst comprising a support containing USY zeolite and at least one solid acid selected from among silica-alumina, alumina-boria, silica-zirconia, silica-magnesia and silica-titania, and at least one metal selected from among metals of Group VIb and metals of Group VIII of the Periodic Table supported on the support.

Abstract: One exemplary embodiment can be a process for hydroprocessing. The process can include providing a hydroprocessing zone having at least two beds, and quenching downstream of a first bed of the at least two beds with a first vacuum gas oil that may be lighter than another vacuum gas oil fed to the first bed.

Abstract: A hot stripped hydroprocessed stream from a stripper column may be sent directly to a vacuum fractionation column instead of being first processed in an atmospheric fractionation column. If a separate warm stripper column is used, both the warm stripped stream and a hot stripped stream may be fractionated in the same fractionation column, particularly a vacuum fractionation column.

Abstract: A continuous process to upgrade heavy crude oil for producing more valuable crude feedstock having high API gravity, low asphaltene content, and high middle distillate yield, low sulfur content, low nitrogen content, and low metal co teat without external supply of hydrogen and/or catalyst. Heavy crude oil having substantial amount of asphaltene and heavy components is mixed with highly waxy crude oil having large amount of paraffinic components and water to decompose asphaltene compounds and remove sulfur, nitrogen, and metal containing substances under supercritical conditions. Product has higher API gravity, lower asphaltene content, high middle distillate yield, lower sulfur content, lower nitrogen content, and lower metal content to be suitable for conventional petroleum refining process.

Abstract: The present invention concerns a plate for distributing a polyphase mixture in a reactor operating in trickle bed mode constituted by at least one gas phase and at least one liquid phase, the plate (10) being located above a bed of catalytic particles, comprising a plurality of chimneys (3), characterized in that a portion of the chimneys of the plate located near to the wall of the chamber of the reactor, those termed the peripheral chimneys, have an upper portion which is inclined at an angle with respect to the vertical. The invention also concerns the use of the plate in a reactor with a view to carrying out hydrotreatment, hydrogenation or oxidation reactions.

Abstract: The catalytic reactor with downward flow comprises a chamber (1) containing at least two solid catalyst beds (2; 11) separated by an intermediate zone comprising an essentially horizontal collecting plate (5) communicating with a vertical collecting pipe (7) for receiving fluids collected by the collecting plate, with a means for injecting a quenching fluid (8) emptying into the collecting pipe. An annular mixing chamber (9) is located below the collecting plate (5). A predistribution plate (11) is arranged below the chamber (9). The injection means (8) comprises a tubular portion that empties into the collecting pipe (7) in such a way as to inject quenching fluid in a direction forming an angle ? between 45° and 135° with the direction D from the axis of the mixing chamber measured at its input end.

Abstract: A process for upgrading residuum hydrocarbons is disclosed. The process may include: contacting a residuum hydrocarbon fraction and hydrogen with a first hydroconversion catalyst in a first ebullated bed hydroconversion reactor system; recovering a first effluent from the first ebullated bed hydroconversion reactor system; solvent deasphalting a vacuum residuum fraction to produce a deasphalted oil fraction and an asphalt fraction; contacting the deasphalted oil fraction and hydrogen with a second hydroconversion catalyst in a second hydroconversion reactor system; recovering a second effluent from the second hydroconversion reactor system; and fractionating the first effluent from the first ebullated bed hydroconversion reactor system and the second effluent from the second hydroconversion reactor system to recover one or more hydrocarbon fractions and the vacuum residuum fraction in a common fractionation system.

Abstract: A process for upgrading residuum hydrocarbons and decreasing tendency of the resulting products toward asphaltenic sediment formation in downstream processes is disclosed. The process may include: contacting a residuum hydrocarbon fraction and hydrogen with a hydroconversion catalyst in a hydrocracking reaction zone to convert at least a portion of the residuum hydrocarbon fraction to lighter hydrocarbons; recovering an effluent from the hydrocracking reaction zone; contacting hydrogen and at least a portion of the effluent with a resid hydrotreating catalyst; and separating the effluent to recover two or more hydrocarbon fractions.

Abstract: Herein disclosed is a method for coal liquefaction comprising: supersaturating a hydrocarbonaceous liquid stream in a high shear device with a gas stream comprising hydrogen and optionally one or more C1-C6 hydrocarbons to form a supersaturated dispersion; and contacting the supersaturated dispersion with coal in the high shear device or in a coal liquefaction reactor to generate a product stream. In some embodiments, the method further comprises utilizing a conversion catalyst, wherein the catalyst is provided as a slurry, a fluidized bed, or a fixed bed. In some embodiments, the method further comprises feeding a conversion catalyst into the high shear device. In some embodiments, the method further comprises recycling at least a portion of an off gas from the reactor, recycling at least a portion of the product stream from the reactor, or both. Herein also disclosed is a system for coal liquefaction.

Abstract: Herein disclosed is a method for thermal cracking or steam cracking of hydrocarbons comprising: supersaturating a hydrocarbonaceous liquid or slurry stream in a high shear device with a gas stream comprising steam or hydrogen and optionally one or more C1-C6 hydrocarbons to form a supersaturated dispersion; and introducing the supersaturated dispersion into a thermal cracking or steam cracking reactor to generate a product stream. In some embodiments, the method further comprises contacting the supersaturated dispersion with a cracking catalyst in a slurry, a fluidized catalyst bed, or a fixed catalyst bed. In some embodiments, the cracking catalyst is mixed with the hydrocarbonaceous liquid or slurry stream and the gas stream in the high shear device. Herein also disclosed is a system for thermal cracking or steam cracking of hydrocarbons.

Abstract: Herein disclosed is a method for hydrogenation comprising: supersaturating a hydrocarbonaceous liquid or slurry stream in a high shear device with a gas stream comprising hydrogen and optionally one or more C1-C6 hydrocarbons to form a supersaturated dispersion; and introducing the supersaturated dispersion into a reactor in the presence of a hydrogenation catalyst to generate a product stream. In some embodiments, the catalyst is present as a slurry or a fluidized or fixed bed of catalyst. In some embodiments, the hydrogenation catalyst is mixed with the hydrocarbonaceous liquid or slurry stream and the gas stream in the high shear device. In some embodiments, the method further comprises recycling at least a portion of an off gas from the reactor, recycling at least a portion of the product stream from the reactor, or both. Also disclosed herein is a system for hydrogenation.

Abstract: A supported catalyst useful in processes for chemically refining hydrocarbon feedstocks, the catalyst comprising a metal from Group 6, a metal from Group 8, and optionally phosphorous, wherein the carrier or support, comprises porous alumina comprising: (a) equal to or greater than about 78% to about 95% of TPV in pores having a diameter of less than about 200 Angstroms (A); (b) greater than about 2% to less than about 19% of the TPV in pores having a diameter of about 200 to less than about 1000 A; (c) equal to or greater than 3% to less than 12% of the TPV in pores having a diameter equal to or greater than about 1000 A.

Abstract: A hydroprocessing co-catalyst composition may comprise in an embodiment a first component comprising co-catalyst particles and a liquid carrier, and a second component comprising a dispersant and a dispersant diluent. The co-catalyst particles may be in the micron size range, and the dispersant may promote dispersion of the co-catalyst particles in materials such as the liquid carrier, the dispersant diluent, and combinations thereof. Methods of introducing a hydroprocessing co-catalyst composition into a hydroprocessing system are also disclosed.

Abstract: A composition comprising at least one graphene-supported assembly, which comprises a three-dimensional network of graphene sheets crosslinked by covalent carbon bonds, and at least one metal chalcogenide compound disposed on said graphene sheets, wherein the chalcogen of said metal chalcogenide compound is selected from S, Se and Te. Also disclosed are methods for making and using the graphene-supported assembly, including graphene-supported MoS2. Monoliths with high surface area and conductivity can be achieved. Lower operating temperatures in some applications can be achieved. Pore size and volume can be tuned. Electrochemical methods can be used to make the materials.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method and system for converting gas to liquids and fractionating crude oil or condensate. Advantageously, it includes hydroprocessing at least a portion of the fractionated product and at least a portion of the Fischer-Tropsch products in the same hydroprocessor. Among other advantages the present invention provides for improved output quality for diesel and/or naphtha, reduced transportation and/or storage costs, and/or enhanced energy efficiency.

Abstract: The present invention describes a distributor plate adapted to co-current downflow flows of gas and of liquid, more particularly in the “trickle” mode, said distributor plate integrating a filtration function separate from the distribution function.

Abstract: The regenerated hydrotreating catalyst of the present invention is a regenerated hydrotreating catalyst prepared by regenerating a used hydrotreating catalyst comprising a catalyst support including an amorphous composite metal oxide having solid acidity, and at least one active metal supported by the catalyst support and selected from noble metals of Group 8 to Group 10 in the periodic table, wherein the regenerated hydrotreating catalyst contains 0.05 to 1% by mass of a carbonaceous substance in terms of a carbon atom based on the entire mass of the catalyst.

Abstract: Methods are provided for qualifying jet fuel fractions that are derived at least in part from pre-refined crude oil sources. The methods allow for determination of the stability of a jet fuel product over time by using an accelerated aging test. The methods are beneficial for verifying the stability of a jet fuel fraction that includes a portion derived from a pre-refined crude oil.

Abstract: Methods are provided for hydrotreating high nitrogen feeds with improved results for nitrogen removal, aromatic saturation, and/or sulfur removal. The method includes hydrotreating the feed with a supported hydrotreating catalyst followed by a bulk metal catalyst, the hydrotreated effluent of which can be suitable for use as a feed to an FCC reactor.

Abstract: Dual stripper column arrangements are described in which hot flash drum liquid is sent to one column and cold flash drum liquid is sent to a second column. Methods of operating the dual stripper column apparatus are also described.

Abstract: Heavy hydrocarbons contained in FT off gas of a GTL process are removed by bringing the FT off gas into contact with absorption oil, by introducing the FT off gas into a distillation tower, by cooling the FT off gas or by driving the FT off gas into an adsorbent. A burner tip for heating a reformer tube, using FT off gas as fuel, is prevented from being plugged by the deposition of heavy hydrocarbons contained in the FT off gas.

Abstract: Process for hydrotreating a heavy hydrocarbon fraction using a system of switchable fixed bed guard zones each containing at least two catalyst beds and in which whenever the catalyst bed that is brought initially into contact with the feed is deactivated and/or clogged during the steps in which the feed passes successively through all the guard zones, the point of introduction of the feed is shifted downstream. The present invention also relates to an installation for implementing this process.

Abstract: A gas-liquid catalyzed reaction is performed by introducing at least a portion of the reactive gas into the catalyst as a cross-flow or radial-flow stream. Introducing at least a portion of the reactive gas as a radial flow stream allows the reactive gas to travel through the catalyst bed along a shorter path length. This reduces the pressure drop for the radial flow portion of the gas. The reactive gas can be introduced into the catalyst bed at various heights relative to the height of the catalyst bed.

Abstract: Preparation of a catalyst having at least one metal from group VIII, at least one metal from group VIB and at least one support; in succession: i) one of i1) contacting a pre-catalyst with metal from group VIII, metal from group VIB and support with a cyclic oligosaccharide naming at least 6 ?-(1,4)-bonded glucopyranose subunits; i2) contacting support with a solution containing a precursor of metal from group VIII, a precursor of said metal from group VIB and a cyclic oligosaccharide composed of at least 6 ?-(1,4)-bonded glucopyranose subunits; or i3) contacting support with a cyclic oligosaccharide composed of at least 6 ?-(1,4)-bonded glucopyranose subunits followed by contacting solid derived therefrom with a precursor of metal from group VIII and a precursor of metal from group VIB.

Abstract: This invention is directed to a process for producing a hydroprocessed product. The invention is particularly advantageous in that substantially longer run length can be attained relative to conventional hydroprocessing methods. This benefit is achieved by using a particular solvent as a co-feed component. In particular, the solvent component is comprised of at least one or more supercritical solvent compounds.

Abstract: Heavy oil feeds are hydroprocessed in the presence of a solvent and in the presence of a catalyst with a median pore size of about 85 ? to about 120 ? under conditions that provide a variety of benefits. The solvent can be an added solvent or a portion of the liquid effluent from hydroprocessing. The processes allow for lower pressure processing of heavy oil feeds for extended processing times or extended catalyst lifetimes be reducing or mitigating the amount of coke formation on the hydroprocessing catalyst.

Abstract: A method for hydroprocessing a hydrocarbon feedstock is provided. The method comprises contacting the feedstock with a catalyst under hydroprocessing conditions, wherein the catalyst is formed by sulfiding an unsupported catalyst precursor of the general formula Av[(MP)(OH)x (L)ny]z(MVIBO4), wherein MP is selected from Group VIII, Group IIB, Group IIA, Group IVA and combinations thereof; L is one or more oxygen-containing ligands, and L has a neutral or negative charge n<=0, MVIB is at least a Group VIB metal having an oxidation state of +6; MP: MVIB has an atomic ratio between 100:1 and 1:100; v?2+P*z?x*z+n*y*z=0; and 0?y??P/n; 0?x?P; 0?v?2; 0?z. In one embodiment, the catalyst precursor further comprises a cellulose-containing material. In another embodiment, the catalyst precursor further comprises at least a diluent (binder). In one embodiment, the diluent is a magnesium aluminosilicate clay.

Abstract: A process is presented for the removal of oxygen from a hydrocarbon stream. The oxygen can react and cause polymerization of the hydrocarbons when the hydrocarbon stream is heated. Controlling the removal of the oxygen from the hydrocarbon stream produces a hydrocarbon stream that is substantially free of oxygen and has a reduced activity for generating undesired compounds.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for recovering hydroprocessing effluent from a hydroprocessing unit utilizing a hot stripper and a cold stripper. A net overhead stream from the hot stripper is forwarded to the cold stripper for further stripping. The invention is particularly suitable for hydrotreating residue feed streams. The hot stripped stream may be subjected to fluid catalytic cracking. The apparatus and process eliminates the need for a fired heater in the product recovery unit.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for recovering hydroprocessing effluent from a hydroprocessing unit utilizing a hot stripper and a cold stripper. Only the hot hydroprocessing effluent is heated in a fired heater prior to product fractionation, resulting in substantial operating and capital savings.