Abstract: A method of refining a petroleum product to remove aromatics and to separate paraffinic oils and waxes is provided. The method involves the utilization of phase equilibria wherein crystallized or solidified waxes, normally present in the petroleum product, are used to remove oils from a liquid solvent phase containing dissolved aromatics present in the unrefined petroleum product. The wax containing the oils is separated from the aromatic-containing solvent and is further processed to separate the waxes and oils. For petroleum products containing little, if any, wax, additional wax may be added and recycled back for further use in removing oils from the petroleum product. The method has particular application in preparing lubricating oils having a high viscosity index, where the presence of aromatics and wax can be detrimental.

Abstract: A laser beam reflected by wax crystals is used in determining the wax crystallization temperature of a hot dewaxing solvent upstream of solvent chillers. This is automatically achieved by an on-line method from a remote control point, in which a slipstream of solvent is passed through an attached solvent loop into a sample chamber in the loop, without being exposed to ambient conditions. As the sample is cooled, the beam reflections are detected and indicate the wax to crystallization temperature. Corrective measures can then be taken to prevent fouling of the chillers, if need be.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the use of crystalline zeolite SSZ-54 as a catalyst in a process for dewaxing hydrocarbon feedstocks.

Abstract: A process for the production of a winter diesel fuel from wax containing hydrocarbons produced by the Fischer-Tropsch hydrocarbon synthesis process. A 300° F.+ Fischer-Tropsch fraction is upgraded first by hydroisomerization followed by catalytic dewaxing resulting in a diesel fuel suitable for use as a winter diesel fuel having excellent cold flow properties and reduced emissions.

Abstract: Lube base stocks and lube stock compositions, as well as a process for preparing lube base stocks and lube stock compositions, are disclosed. The lube oils preferably have a viscosity index above about 115. The process involves obtaining feedstocks that have a 95% point below 1150° F. and feedstocks that have 95% point above 1150° F. The feedstocks that have a 95% point below 1150° F. are catalytically dewaxed, and the feedstocks that have 95% point above 1150° F. are solvent dewaxed. The resulting products can optionally be blended, and the base stocks can be combined with various additives to form lube oil compositions. Hydrotreatment can optionally be performed on the lube base stocks to remove olefins, oxygenates and other impurities. In one embodiment, one or more of the fractions are obtained from Fischer-Tropsch synthesis.

Abstract: A process for increasing the yield of C10 plus hydrocarbon products from a Fischer-Tropsch plant which comprises (a) recovering a Fischer-Tropsch condensate fraction boiling below about 700 degrees F. from the Fischer-Tropsch plant, wherein said fraction contains at least 10 weight percent and preferably more olefins; (b) contacting the olefins in the Fischer-Tropsch condensate fraction under oligomerization conditions, at a reaction temperature between about 650 degrees F. and 800 degrees F. with an oligomerization catalyst comprising active chromium on an inert support; and (c) recovering a C10 plus hydrocarbon product.

Abstract: An integrated process for preparing a lubricating oil base stock includes an isomerization step followed by a solvent dewaxing step. A waxy feed is isomerized to an intermediate pore point, which is at least 6° C. above a target pour point, over a select molecular sieve having specified pore properties. The isomerized oil is then solvent dewaxed to a very low pour point. This process produces a dewaxed lubricating oil base stock which has an exceptionally high viscosity index.

Abstract: A process for producing a high VI/low volatility lubricating oil basestock and a lubricating oil basestock prepared by said process. The process comprises subjecting the raffinate from a solvent extraction step to a two step, single stage hydroconversion process wherein the first step involves severe hydroconversion of the raffinate followed by a cold hydrofinishing step.

Abstract: A base oil feed having a tendency to form a haze at ambient or sub-ambient temperatures is contacted with a solid adsorbent to remove at least a portion of the haze precursors, thereby reducing the haze-forming tendency of the base oil feed.

Abstract: The invention deals with a microporous crystalline material, with a characteristic X-ray diffractogram, comprised of oxygen tetrahedra and a metal (T+4 and T+3) with the possibility of introducing surface acidity produced by the substitution in the lattice of some T+4 cations by T+3 cations, which gives rise to a structural charge deficiency that may be compensated by protons, Brönsted acidity, and/or high ratio radium charge cations, Lewis acidity; and the obtaining method thereof, based on the preparation of a gel, its hydrothermal treatment under controlled conditions and the treatment of the resulting laminar material with a solution of an organic compound, a swollen material being obtained, which is subjected to a treatment for the formation of interlaminar pillars of polymeric oxides, obtaining a pillared material that maintains the separation between the sheets, even after calcination.

Abstract: Hydrocarbon conversion process in which a feedstock is contacted with a non zeolitic molecular sieve to remove most, if not all, of the halogen contained in the catalyst. The halogen may be removed by one of several methods. One method includes heating the catalyst in a low moisture environment, followed by contacting the heated catalyst with air and/or steam. Another method includes steam-treating the catalyst at a temperature from 400° C. to 1000° C. The hydrocarbon conversion processes include the conversion of oxygenates to olefins, the conversion of oxygenates and ammonia to alkylamines, the conversion of oxygenates and aromatic compounds to alkylated aromatic compounds, cracking and dewaxing.

Abstract: A method of refining a petroleum product to remove aromatics and to separate paraffinic oils and waxes is provided. The method involves the utilization of phase equilibria wherein crystallized or solidified waxes, normally present in the petroleum product, are used to remove oils from a liquid solvent phase containing dissolved aromatics present in the unrefined petroleum product. The wax containing the oils is separated from the aromatic-containing solvent and is further processed to separate the waxes and oils. For petroleum products containing little, if any, wax, additional wax may be added and recycled back for further use in removing oils from the petroleum product. The method has particular application in preparing lubricating oils having a high viscosity index, where the presence of aromatics and wax can be detrimental.

Abstract: A process for preparing a lubricating oil basestock having good low temperature properties. The process includes a first amorphous isomerization catalyst having a pore volume less than 0.99 ml/gm (H2O), an alumina content in the range of 30-50 wt % based on isomerization catalyst and an isoelectric point in the range of 4.5 to 6.5. The isomerization step is followed by a catalytic dewaxing step using an intermediate pore crystalline molecular sieve.

Abstract: A dewaxed oil having a tendency to form a haze at ambient or sub-ambient temperatures is contacted with a solid adsorbent to remove at least a portion of the haze precursors, thereby reducing the haze-forming tendency of the dewaxed oil.

Abstract: A base oil feed having a tendency to form a haze at ambient or sub-ambient temperatures is contacted with a solid adsorbent to remove at least a portion of the haze precursors, thereby reducing the haze-forming tendency of the base oil feed.

Abstract: A process for the desulfurization, and reactivation of a sulfur deactivated catalyst constituted of cobalt composited with a titania support. The sulfur deactivated cobalt titania catalyst is first contacted with a gaseous stream of molecular oxygen at temperature sufficiently high to oxidize the sulfur component of the catalyst. The sulfur oxidized catalyst is next contacted with a liquid, preferably water, to remove the oxide, or oxides of the sulfur. The catalyst is then contacted with a reducing agent, suitably hydrogen, to restore the activity of the catalyst. During the treatment there is no substantial loss, if any, of cobalt from the catalyst.

Abstract: A method of refining a petroleum product to remove aromatics and to separate paraffinic oils and waxes is provided. The method involves the utilization of phase equilibria wherein crystallized or solidified waxes, normally present in the petroleum product, are used to remove oils from a liquid solvent phase containing dissolved aromatics present in the unrefined petroleum product. The wax containing the oils is separated from the aromatic-containing solvent and is further processed to separate the waxes and oils. For petroleum products containing little, if any, wax, additional wax may be added and recycled back for further use in removing oils from the petroleum product. The method has particular application in preparing lubricating oils having a high viscosity index, where the presence of aromatics and wax can be detrimental.

Abstract: A premium synthetic lubricating oil base stock having a high VI and low pour point is made by hydroisomerizing a Fischer-Tropsch synthesized waxy, paraffinic feed wax and then dewaxing the hydroisomerate to form a 650-750° F.+ dewaxate. The waxy feed has an initial boiling point in the range of about 650-750° F., from which it continuously boils up to at least 1050° F. and has a T90−T10 temperature difference of at least 350° F. The feed is preferably hydroisomerized without any pretreatment, other than optional fractionation. The 650-750° F.+ dewaxate is fractionated into two or more base stocks of different viscosity.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of a catalyst useful for conducting carbon monoxide conversion reactions, especially a Fischer-Tropsch catalyst, use of the catalyst for conducting such reactions, especially Fischer-Tropsch reactions, and the composition produced by said process. In the preparation of the catalyst, a solution of a polyol is employed to impregnate and disperse a compound or salt of a catalytic metal, or metals, e.g., copper or an Iron Group metal such as iron, cobalt, or nickel, or in a preferred embodiment both a compound or salt of rhenium and a compound or salt of a catalytic metal, or metals, e.g., copper or an Iron Group metal such as iron, cobalt, or nickel onto a refractory inorganic oxide support, e.g., titania. The rhenium, when present only in small amount permits full and complete reduction of the catalytic metal, or metals, dispersed by the polyol.

Abstract: Disclosed are silicoaluminophosphates (SAPOs) having unique silicon distributions, a method for their preparation and their use as catalysts for the hydroprocessing of hydrocarbon feedstocks. More particularly, the new SAPOs have a high silica:alumina ratio, and are prepared from microemulsions containing surfactants.

Abstract: Lubricant oils of low pour point and improved oxidation stability are produced by catalytically dewaxing a lube feedstock over a zeolite dewaxing catalyst such as ZSM-5 in the hydrogen or decationized form. The use of these catalysts enables products of excellent oxidative stability to be obtained and reduces the catalyst aging rate in the first and subsequent dewaxing cycles to values below 5° F./day. The duration of the dewaxing cycles may be extended, particularly in the second and subsequent cycles after hydrogen reactivation.

Abstract: This invention relates to the refining of petroleum products, and more particularly to an integrated hydroprocessing scheme involving a hydrocracking stage and subsequent dewaxing stage. Materials boiling in the middle distillate or lube oil range may be dewaxed. The bottoms streams (and optionally, other streams) of each stage are maintained separately from one another, during processing. Dewaxing may occur using either hydroisomerization catalysts or shape-selective catalysts or both in series. One embodiment employs a baffle in the flash zone of a fractionator to separate bottoms streams from each other. Alternatively, the effluent from the hydrocracking stage may be processed separately from the effluent from the dewaxing stage. The bottoms fraction from the dewaxing stage may be recycled back to the hydrocracking stage for further processing or used as lube base stock.

Abstract: Salable hydrocarbon products prepared by reacting a light hydrocarbon gaseous stream with a gaseous oxidant to produce carbon oxides and hydrogen, which is contacted in a hydrocarbon synthesis zone to produce a product stream comprising salable hydrocarbon products. That product stream is separated into a gaseous fraction and at least one fraction of salable hydrocarbon products. The light hydrocarbon gaseous stream is formed by separating a light hydrocarbon gaseous feed comprising alkanes into a lighter fraction and a heavier fraction and contacting that heavier fraction in a disproportionation zone to convert a significant portion of the alkanes in the heavier fraction by disproportionation into both higher and lower alkanes, then at least part of the lighter fraction and the lower alkanes form the light hydrocarbon gaseous stream.

Abstract: A high VI and low pour point lubricant base stock is made by hydroisomerizing a high purity, waxy, paraffinic Fischer-Tropsch synthesized hydrocarbon fraction having an initial boiling point in the range of 650-750° F., followed by catalytically dewaxing the hydroisomerate using a dewaxing catalyst comprising a catalytic platinum component and an H-mordenite component. The hydrocarbon fraction is preferably synthesized by a slurry Fischer-Tropsch using a catalyst containing a catalytic cobalt component. This combination of the process, high purity, waxy paraffinic feed and the Pt/H-mordenite dewaxing catalyst, produce a relatively high yield of premium lubricant base stock.

Abstract: Hydroprocessing of petroleum and chemical feedstocks using bulk Group VIII/Group VIB catalysts. Preferred catalysts include those comprised of Ni--Mo--W.

Abstract: A process for converting a heavy hydrocarbon fraction comprises treating the hydrocarbon feed in a hydrodemetallization section, the section containing at least one fixed bed hydrodemetallization catalyst.

Abstract: A process for fractional crystallization of paraffin from mineral oil based and synthetic crude paraffin, wherein crude paraffin having a high oil content is crystallized in a crystallizer equipped with perforated metal sheets (31) extending in a zig-zag in the spaces between the heat exchanger surfaces (39). The paraffin-containing melt is only solidified to an extent such that the fractions and oils for discharge remain liquid and are run off without total solidification of the melt. The perforated sheets (31) support the layers of crystals (43) and during sweating the paraffin is detached in strips from the heat exchanger surface (39) and is adapted to rest on the sloping perforated sheets (31). The inclination of the perforated sheets (31) guides and moves the paraffin strips (53), so that the paraffin strips remain in contact with the heat exchanger surfaces (39) while being pressed by their own weight along the inclined surface (30) towards the heat exchanger surfaces (39).

Abstract: A process for dewaxing middle distillate petroleum products includes the steps of introducing a middle distillate petroleum fraction having a boiling point in the range of from about 160.degree. C. to about 500.degree. C. into a reaction zone and contacting the middle distillate petroleum fraction in the reaction zone at temperatures of from about 500.degree. F. To about 700.degree. F. And pressures of from about 300 psig to about 2000 psig with a nickel-containing silicate catalyst.

Abstract: This application discloses a process for catalytically dewaxing a feedstock whereby the aging of the dewaxing catalyst is minimized. A variety of feedstocks which possess moderate levels of nitrogen and sulfur may be dewaxed in this invention. The feed is treated by a catalyst system comprising two catalysts acting in synergistic combination, a hydrotreating catalyst and a dewaxing catalyst. The hydrotreating catalyst is preferably loaded with noble metals and is capable of operating at higher than usual space velocities. The dewaxing catalyst is downstream of the hydrotreating catalyst. The dewaxing catalyst further comprises a constrained intermediate pore crystalline material which is loaded with a noble metal.

Abstract: A process for catalytically dehazing lubricating base oils is disclosed, which comprises contacting the lubricating base oil in the presence of hydrogen with a catalyst comprising naturally occurring and/or synthetic ferrierite which ferrierite has been modified to reduce the mole percentage of alumina and a low acidity refractory oxide binder material which is essentially free of alumina.

Abstract: This invention provides a method for preparing non-zeolitic molecular sieves using inexpensive reagents and at lower manufacturing cost. The method includes using a low density, small size particulate hydrated alumina, such as aluminum hydroxide, in place of aluminum alkoxides and other more costly reagents. The preferred particulate hydrated alumina has a density of less than 1.0 g/cm.sup.3, an average particle size of less than about 40 microns and an alkali content of less than 0.12 wt %.

Abstract: A process for upgrading a wax-containing feedstock to produce a wax and a high VI/low volatility lubricating oil basestock. The process comprises subjecting the raffinate from a solvent extraction step to a two step, single stage hydroconversion process wherein the first step involves severe hydroconversion of the raffinate followed by a cold hydrofinishing step.

Abstract: A process for converting a Fischer-Tropsch light oil stream to jet fuel by reacting said stream with a hydroisomerization catalyst in a reaction zone where the stream flows countercurrent to upflowing hydrogen-containing treat gas.

Abstract: A process for saturating aromatics in a lube range hydrocarbon is disclosed. The process can be used to raise the viscosity index of the lube range products. The process is carried out over a noble metal catalyst under mild process conditions. The catalyst is resistant to sulfur and nitrogen compounds.

Abstract: The wax-containing hydrocarbon feedstocks are pre-treated by contacting them with a homogeneous solution containing 1-5 vol. % of an acid diluted in an alcohol/water mixture (preferably containing 60-90 vol. % alcohol). The pre-treated feedstock is then contacted, in the presence of hydrogen, with at least two catalysts in sequence and with no intermediate separation, comprising at least one hydrodewaxing catalyst and one hydrocracking catalyst, to recover high-grade middle distillates.

Abstract: A crystalline zeolite high-silica SSZ-37 is prepared using a N,N-dimethyl-4-azoniatricyclo [5.2.2.0.sup.(2,6) ] undec-8-ene cation as a template wherein said zeolite is used in hydrocarbon conversion processes.

Abstract: A bottoms fraction of fuels hydrocracking which boils above about 600.degree. F. and contains at least 10 wt. % aromatics is converted to a reduced aromatics lube/base stock product over a catalyst comprising a crystalline material which exhibits unusually large sorption capacity demonstrated by its benzene adsorption capacity of greater than about 15 grams benzene/100 grams anhydrous crystal at 50 torr and 25.degree. C. and a-hydrogenation-dehydrogenation functionality, preferably palladium, under high pressure conditions sufficient to reduce the aromatics content to about 10 wt. %. The bottoms fraction is dewaxed prior to high pressure hydroprocessing over a catalyst comprising HZSM-5 to reduce the pour point of the fraction to about 20.degree. F. Typically, the bottoms fraction is produced in a moderate pressure fuels hydrocracking process over a bifunctional amorphous catalyst.

Abstract: The invention provides for a process for producing lube oil having excellent viscosity and viscosity index properties and a low pour point from a solvent refined gas oil. The process comprises contacting a raffinate having a solvent dewaxed viscosity index of at least 90 and boiling above 350.degree. F. with a catalyst comprising an intermediate pore size silicoaluminophosphate molecular sieve and at least one Group VIII metal under dewaxing and isocracking conditions so as to produce a product having a viscosity index greater than about 110.

Abstract: A blended mineral oil lubricant is made having a higher viscosity index than predicted by calculating the viscosity index from an ASTM standard method designated D 341-87 or by calculating the average of the actual VI based on the proportion of each component of the blend. The lubricant is treated with a peroxide compound, preferably an organic peroxide such as di-tertiary butyl peroxide to increase the viscosity index. The treated lubricant is blended with a lubricant of lower viscosity index to achieve a blended lubricant having an enhanced viscosity index. The lubricant charge stock and blending component can be a wax-derived lubricant fraction or a conventional light neutral or heavy neutral mineral oil.

Abstract: A method (and apparatus) is disclosed for the spectroscopic determination of the amount .alpha..sub.Nn of one constituent N of a fluid mixture 0 in another constituent n of the mixture, following separation of the mixture into its constituents 1,..., M (where n, N.ltoreq.M). The method involves determining the absorptivities an (n=1,...,N) of the M constituents from spectroscopic measurements and computing the amount .alpha..sub.Nn from a mathematical expression containing the absorptivities a.sub.n and a.sub.N which are expressed or expressible as the quotient a.sub.n /a.sub.N only. The method is insensitive to changes in the absorptivities due to feed variability or changes in upstream process conditions, since any changes in the numerator and denominator of the quotient used are affected correspondingly. A modification to the method involves determining the content .alpha..sub.N0 of constituent N in feed 0 from a mathematical expression containing a.sub.0, where a.sub.

Abstract: A novel, high porosity, high surface area catalyst is disclosed which is useful in wax isomerization processes, especially for the production of high viscosity index, low pour point lubricating oil base stocks or blending stocks. The catalyst contains a catalytically active metal component selected from the group consisting of Group VIB and Group VIII metals, and mixtures thereof, preferably Group VIII metals, and mixtures thereof, more preferably noble Group VIII metals and mixtures thereof, most preferably platinum which catalytically active metal component is present in the range of about 0.01 to 5.0 wt %, and a fluorine content in the range of about 0.01 to about 10.0. The catalyst employs a refractory metal oxide support material, one preferably predominantly (i.e., at least 50 wt %) alumina, most preferably completely alumina, e.g., gamma or eta alumina. The finished catalyst has a porosity, expressed in terms of pore volume, of at least about 0.

Abstract: The present invention is an automatic filter cleaning system which includes a solvent dewaxing filter which removes wax from a wax mix slurry and provides a filtrate. Status control apparatus is connected to the filter for affecting the operational status of the filter. Drain apparatus responsive to a control signal controls draining of the filter. Cleaning apparatus is also connected to the filter. A control network connected to the status apparatus, the draining apparatus and the cleaning apparatus controls those apparatus in a manner so as to allow selective changing of the status of the filter from an operational state to a down state to automatically drain the filter and clean the filter while the filter is in the down state.

Abstract: This invention relates to a process of dewaxing a hydrocarbon oil involving the steps of separating and precipitating the wax component of the hydrocarbon oil. This process is facilitated by incorporating into the oil a linear polymer of carbon monoxide with one or more olefins comprising .alpha.-olefins with at least 10 carbon atoms per molecule (C.sub.10+ .alpha.-olefins) wherein in this polymer monomer units of carbon monoxide and olefins are present in a substantially alternating arrangement. Optionally, the process may also involve the use of a polymer of one or more olefinically unsaturated compound comprising of alkyl acrylates or alkyl methacrylates with at least 8 carbon atoms in the alkyl group (C.sub.8+ alkyl esters). The process may be practiced using the single-stage or multi-stage dilution method.

Abstract: The pour point and/or cloud point of the lube fractions comprising a waxy hydrocarbon feedstock containing straight and branched chain paraffins is reduced by contacting the feedstock in a dewaxing zone, preferably in the presence of added hydrogen, with a dewaxing catalyst comprising (1) an intermediate pore crystalline molecular sieve having a pore size between about 5.0 Angstroms and about 7.0 Angstroms and (2) a large pore crystalline molecular sieve having a pore size above about 7.0 Angstroms and typically selected from the group consisting of silicoaluminophosphates, ferrosilicates, aluminophosphates and Y zeolites. A hydrocarbon fraction of reduced paraffin content is recovered from the effluent of the dewaxing zone. Preferred intermediate pore crystalline molecular sieves are silicalite and a ZSM-5 type zeolite. Preferred large pore crystalline molecular sieves are silicoaluminophosphates such as SAPO-5 and ammonium exchanged and steamed Y zeolites.

Abstract: Mixtures of light and heavy waxes are fractionated by permeation through a porous membrane at temperatures just above the cloud point of the mixture with the heavier, higher melting point waxes being the component of the mixture which selectively permeates through the porous membrane.

Abstract: An improvement has been discovered in a process for solvent dewaxing a hydrocarbon lubricating oil stock. Solvent dewaxed oils are steam stripped and then vacuum dehydrated at 2.5 psia at the steam stripping temperature of 350.degree. F. to 450.degree. F. Nitrogen or natural gas having a dew point of -100.degree. F. or lower is contacted with the oil at 0.5 to 1 SCF/bbl. A solvent free lubricating oil is produced which is water haze free in cold storage.

Abstract: Waxy distillates, or raffinates containing from as little as 10% wax but more typically about 30% wax or more are upgraded by a process comprising the steps of hydrotreating the waxy oil under conditions which convert less than 20% of the feed into products boiling lower than the feed to reduce the sulfur and nitrogen content of the oil followed by hydroisomerizing the hydrotreated waxy oil to reduce the wax content and increase the viscosity index. This oil having a waxy content of less than 30%, preferably less than 25%, can now be more easily dewaxed using conventional solvent dewaxing procedures. The advantage of the present process resides in the increased yield and/or stability of oil as compared to other upgrading, dewaxing processes which convert wax to light products. The isomerization catalyst is preferably a low fluorine content catalyst, more preferably a noble metal on 0.1 to less than 2 wt % fluorine on alumina catalyst, most preferably a noble Group VIII metal (e.g.

Abstract: The catalytic properties of a metal-containing shape selective crystalline silicate zeolite are significantly improved by converting said metal to an intermetallic compound. Thus, for example, zeolite beta containing the intermetallic component platinum zeolite demonstrates improved catalytic properties for dewaxing a hydrocarbon feedstock compared to zeolite beta containing platinum metal alone.

Abstract: Dewaxed oils can have their low temperature performance improved by the removal of residual wax by adsorption of said residual wax onto a hydrophobic molecular sieve. The wax-laden hydrophobic molecular sieve is regenerated by use of dewaxing solvents, such as ketones.The dewaxed oils, which have residual wax removed by the present invention, are oils which have been dewaxed by means of solvent dewaxing procedures or by catalytic dewaxing processes. These oils, produced by the combination of conventional-adsorptive trim dewaxing, exhibit superior formulated oils low temperature performance as compared to formulated oils made from oils dewaxed to the same pour point solely by conventional dewaxing by either solvent or catalytic processes practiced under severe conditions (deep dewaxing).

Abstract: An improved process for the flexible production of high-quality gas oil from two crude gas oil feedstocks deriving from primary fractionation consisting of subjecting the heavy crude gas oil feedstock to catalytic dewaxing in the presence of hydrogen, adding a lighter crude gas oil feedstock to the actual effluent from the dewaxing stage and subjecting these feedstocks simultaneously to catalytic desulphurization.