Abstract: Lubricants of improved characteristics are produced by carrying out a solvent extraction to remove aromatic components after solvent or catalytic dewaxing. Aromatic extraction solvents such as phenol, furfural or N-methyl pyrrolidone may be used. The process is particularly useful with wax-derived lubricants produced by the hydroisomerization of a petroleum wax which has then been dewaxed.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for the preparation of a lubricating base oil with a high viscosity index and a low pour point by catalytic dewaxing, which process comprises contacting at dewaxing conditions a feedstock containing at least part of the hydrocrackate of a wax-containing mineral oil fraction, which feedstock has a kinematic viscosity at 100.degree. C. of, at most, 10 mm.sup.2 /s, with a dewaxing catalyst. The invention further provides a lubricating mineral base oil comprising hydrocarbons with a boiling point of at least 250.degree. C., and having a viscosity index of at least 125 and a pour point of at most -25.degree. C.

Abstract: The pour point and/or cloud point of the lube fractions comprising a waxy hydrocarbon feedstock containing straight and branched chain paraffins is reduced by contacting the feedstock in a dewaxing zone, preferably in the presence of added hydrogen, with a dewaxing catalyst comprising (1) an intermediate pore crystalline molecular sieve having a pore size between about 5.0 Angstroms and about 7.0 Angstroms and (2) a large pore crystalline molecular sieve having a pore size above about 7.0 Angstroms and typically selected from the group consisting of silicoaluminophosphates, ferrosilicates, aluminophosphates and Y zeolites. A hydrocarbon fraction of reduced paraffin content is recovered from the effluent of the dewaxing zone. Preferred intermediate pore crystalline molecular sieves are silicalite and a ZSM-5 type zeolite. Preferred large power crystalline molecular sieves are silicoaluminophosphates such as SAPO-5 and ammonium exchanged and steamed Y zeolites.

Abstract: A process is provided wherein premium fuels are manufactured from a high sulfur, low pour point feed and a low sulfur, high pour point feed. The feeds are treated individually (blocked operation) in a catalytic reactor that desulfurizes or dewaxes the feed, depending on temperature, and the effluents are combined. Since cut point limitations due to sulfur or pour point are removed by the process, yield of a fuel (e.g. jet fuel) is materially enhanced.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for eliminating waxy paraffins from hydrocarbon feedstocks having an initial boiling temperature above about 180.degree. C. and containing sulphur, by selective cracking of the straight chain paraffinic hydrocarbons, said process comprising passing said feedstock over a crystalline silica polymorph of the silicalite type under suitable operating conditions for cracking the straight chain paraffins.

Abstract: For removing haze from dewaxed hydrocarbon oil mixture boiling in the lubricating oil range which is hazy, the hazy oil mixture is filtered in the filtration stage (201) of a dewaxing plant which is concurrently filtering undewaxed hydrocarbon oil mixture boiling in the lubricating oil range. Prior to filtering, the hazy dewaxed oil mixture is subjected to pretreatment (in pretreatment stage 204) such as to promote removal of haze from the dewaxed oil mixture during filtering. This pretreatment is carried out independently of the undewaxed oil mixture and can involve dilution/chilling with an oil solvent (e.g. liquid propane) and/or introduction of free excess electric charge, for example by charge injection. As an alternative to the pretreatment, the temperature conditions under which filtration takes place may be low enough to promote wax crystallization.

Abstract: Waxy oil distillates, preferably waxy petroleum oil distillates, most preferably waxy lube refrigerator, turbine, transformer or other speciality oil distillates which contain appreciable amounts of aromatics and polar molecule contaminants can have wax and aromatics/polars simultaneously and continuously removed from said oil using an adsorbent/desorbent system. The adsorbent system employs a combination of large pore polar adsorbent/hydrophobic molecular sieves. The desorbent system utilizes a combination small diameter polar solvent/large diameter non-polar solvent to regenerate the loaded adsorbent.

Abstract: A process is provided for converting feedstock comprising hydrocarbon compounds to product comprising hydrocarbon compounds of lower molecular weight than feedstock hydrocarbon compounds over a catalyst comprising porous crystalline material having the structure of ZSM-58. In particular embodiments, the conversion is selective cracking for waxes and the process is useful for reducing the pour point of fuel oils and lubricants.

Abstract: There is provided a catalyst comprising a zeolite component and a microcrystalline, microporous aluminum phosphate component. Examples of the zeolite component are ZSM-5 and zeolite Beta, and an example of an aluminum phosphate component is AlPO.sub.4 -5. The aluminum phosphate component provides increased catalyst activity and lifetime. Also provided for in this disclosure are a method for making the zeolite/aluminum phosphate composite and a process for using this composite in the preparation or conversion of hydrocarbons, e.g., in a dewaxing process.

Abstract: Haze in lube oil is firstly precipitated as wax and ice crystals to form a slurry which is introduced, through inlet (18), into a separation vessel (15) containing a bed of packed aggregate (20) which preferably comprises wax balls, or asphalt or ice chunks. The slurry is indirectly charged with free excess charge which is net unipolar by means of a charge injector 11. The injected charge causes the wax and ice crystals to be electrically driven to and deposited on the aggregate. Periodically, the wax and ice-soiled aggregate is replaced by fresh aggregate and the soiled aggregate can be supplied as feed to a conversion process, which can for example be a catalytic cracking process.

Abstract: A method for the regeneration of end-of-cycle catalysts is provided wherein nitrogen and other deleterious poisons are removed prior to hydrogen treatment by passing over the catalyst bed a stripping mixture consisting of an alkyl amine whose basicity is much greater than that of the indigenous nitrogen compounds found in the catalyst.

Abstract: Process for the extractive production of valuable, natural waxes from fossil and/or freshly grown vegetable and/or animal starting material by extraction of the starting material in an extraction stage with a physiologically unobjectionable gas at supercritical pressure and temperature conditions, separation of the extract-containing gas in a separator part by pressure reduction and/or temperature change, periodical or continuous withdrawal of the extract and return of the separated gas to the extraction stage.

Abstract: Straight-chain hydrocarbons and slightly branched chain hydrocarbons are selectively converted utilizing highly siliceous porous crystalline materials of the zeolite type having SiO.sub.2 /Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 ratio of greater than 200, unique molecular sieving properties and superior resistance to ammonia deactivation. The catalyst preferably contains acidic cations and can also contain a component having a hydrogenation/dehydrogenation function. The process of this invention is particularly useful for the dewaxing of hydrocarbon oils, including removal of high freezing point paraffins from jet fuel to lower freezing point, as well as improving the octane rating of naphtha fractions.

Abstract: Crude oil, when mildly dewaxed in the absence or presence of added hydrogen, separates into two phases with different pour points. A filtration step, which removes less than 5 percent of the product as solids, prevents this phase separation.

Abstract: In the production of lubricating oil blend stocks obtained by the distillation, extraction, dewaxing and clay contacting of atmospheric crude distillation column residue, the improvement comprising using a hydrogenated gas oil to supplement the atmospheric crude distillation column residue feedstock.

Abstract: A method for electroplating a metal strip to be plated includes continuously running the metal strip through the interior of a plating vessel of a cylindrical form having a rectangular cross section, the upper and lower walls of such vessel being constructed of an insoluble anode material which is to function as an anode, and compulsively circulating a plating solution in a direction counter to the running direction of the metal strip within the plating vessel and an apparatus for carrying out the same, whereby a high speed plating is performed and the replacement of the anodes can be minimized.

Abstract: In a system for removing oil from oily water which employs an oil droplet coalescer, a ceramic dewaxer is inserted before the coalescer to remove waxes, asphalts, and similar materials which would otherwise quickly clog the fine holes of the coalescer. The "dirty" ceramic elements of the dewaxer may be easily and efficiently regenerated.

Abstract: Foots oil, the by-product left when high quality wax is recovered by a solvent dewaxing process, is usually used as cracker feed stock. There is disclosed a method of converting it to higher quality lubricant base stock by subjecting such to catalytic hydroprocessing utilizing a ZSM-5 or similarly behaving zeolite catalyst under hydrogen pressure followed by distillation of the product to remove light products such as naphtha, LPG and No. 2 fuel oil therefrom.