Abstract: An inkjet printing apparatus includes a surface acoustic wave module including an inner passage and a surface acoustic wave generator around the inner passage; and an outflow passage connected to the surface acoustic wave module to discharge ink, where the outflow passage includes a first outflow passage connected to the inner passage to discharge first ink particles and a second outflow passage connected to the inner passage to discharge second ink particles having an average diameter smaller than that of the first ink particles, and the surface acoustic wave generator is closer to the second outflow passage than the first outflow passage.

Abstract: A portable water treatment system comprising a water processing unit that automatically determines whether the system is connected to a pressurized water source or not. If an unpressurized source is detected, the system activates a pump to ensure that the water flows through the system at a pressure level to remove particulates and ensure the ultraviolet (UV) light is effective at neutralizing viruses and bacteria. If the water source is pressurized, the pump is deactivated and the water flows through the system under the pressure of the pressurized source. The system uses a failsafe mechanism to 1) ensure that water cannot flow through the water treatment unit if the UV light chamber is not powered and 2) ensure the user can know that the UV light is in fact functioning through the use of an indicator.

Abstract: A fluid sterilization module includes an inner cylinder forming a processing flow path extending in a longitudinal direction, a first chamber communicating with the processing flow path via an opening on one end side of the inner cylinder, an inflow portion allowing an object to flow in the first chamber, an outflow portion allowing the object having passed through the processing flow path to flow out from an other end side of the inner cylinder, and a light emitting element facing an opening on the other end side of the processing flow path and irradiating the object passing through the processing flow path with ultraviolet light along the longitudinal direction. The first chamber has an inner volume equal to or more than ? of the cube of an equivalent inner diameter of the processing flow path and equal to or less than 3 times of inner volume of the processing flow path.

Abstract: A water filter assembly for filtering water, adapted to be coupled to piping of a piped water system, the water filter apparatus comprising: a housing having first and second housing ends, the housing having an inlet and an outlet located at the first housing end, the second housing end having an opening, the housing being for removably receiving a filter element assembly through the opening in the second housing end, and a housing bottom cover releasably mountable over the opening in the second housing end. Preferably the assembly further comprises a filter head adapted to be coupled to piping of a piped water system and means for removably securing the first housing end to the filter head. Preferably the housing bottom cover is adapted to be secured to the housing via an interference fit.

Abstract: An excimer bulb assembly, with an excimer bulb, at least one integral captured reflector, and an integral filter such that the excimer bulb only emits substantial UV radiation between 200 nm and 230 nm, using a filter that passes light from about 200 nm to 234 nm (+/?2 nm).

Abstract: An ozone water supply apparatus and an ozone supply device are provided. The ozone generation device includes a Venturi tube and an ozone generation module connected to the Venturi tube. The ozone generation module includes a circuit unit, an ozone-activated tube, and a launcher, the latter two of which are electrically coupled to the circuit unit. The launcher includes a transparent tube, a floating body arranged in the transparent tube, and an optical detector arranged outside of the transparent tube and electrically coupled to the circuit unit. When a gas flows through the transparent tube so as to move the floating body along the transparent tube, the optical detector is configured to detect the movement of the floating body, so that the ozone-activated tube can be driven by the circuit unit to excite the gas to become an ozone that floats toward the Venturi tube.

Abstract: A system and method for sanitizing a surface is disclosed. The surface is formed of a material transparent to ultraviolet light. Ultraviolet light is generated within the material opposite to the surface. The ultraviolet light passes through the material to illuminate and sanitize the surface. The material may be formed into the shape of a door handle which is sanitized. The system and method may also include a sensor for determining when to sanitize the surface.

Abstract: An accelerated oxidation treatment method of performing oxidation treatment upon treatment water by supplying ozone and hydrogen peroxide to the treatment water, including an accelerated oxidation treatment process of bringing hydrogen peroxide and ozone into contact with the treatment water, and a bromate ion concentration measurement process of measuring the bromate ion concentration in the treatment water after the accelerated oxidation treatment process, with the amount of hydrogen peroxide supplied in the accelerated oxidation treatment process being adjusted on the basis of the measured value of bromate ion concentration.

Abstract: A UV sterilization device includes a body, a power module and a UV sterilization assembly. The body includes a housing, an inlet end and an outlet end, wherein the inlet end and the outlet end are positioned on the housing and communicate with the housing; the inlet end and an outlet end communicate with each other through the housing. The power module is positioned on the body for supply electric power. The UV sterilization assembly is positioned on the body, and electrically connected to the power module; the UV sterilization assembly includes a UV source and at least one reflector, wherein the UV source could emit UV light to the at least one reflector, and the UV source and the at least one reflector are positioned around a sterilization channel, the sterilization channel communicates with the inlet end and the outlet end of the body.

Abstract: A portable adapter is provided that can include a closure system configured to control the flow of blood and/or dialysate between the adapter and a blood treatment apparatus. Modular systems are also provided that include the portable adapter engaged with various units such as a portable blood processing module, a non-portable base module, and/or a remote module. Methods of conducting blood treatments such as blood circulation, hemodialysis, and hemofiltration, hemodiafiltration, using the modular systems are also provided. The systems, units, and methods enable the engagement and disengagement of the adapter from the various units to conduct, interrupt, and resume blood treatments without disconnecting the adapter from the vasculature of a patient. Modular systems including interchangeable portable and base modules configured for various blood treatments are also provided that can be engaged and disengaged with each other without disconnecting the portable module from the vasculature of a patient.

Abstract: A multi-stage floatation dispenser for carrying a ballast, which may be a non-water consumable dispersant and at least one water consumable dispersant wherein the weight of the water consumable dispersant decreases as the water consumable dispersant is consumed with the weight of water consumable dispersant and the non-water consumable coordinated with the flotation capacity of a flotation dispenser to provide for either a two stage or a three stage dispensing mode.

Abstract: An approach for treating a fluid transport conduit with ultraviolet radiation is disclosed. A light guiding unit, operatively coupled to a set of ultraviolet radiation sources, encloses the fluid transport conduit. The light guiding unit directs ultraviolet radiation emitted from the ultraviolet radiation sources to ultraviolet transparent sections on an outer surface of the fluid transport conduit. The emitted ultraviolet radiation passes through the ultraviolet transparent sections, penetrates the fluid transport conduit and irradiates the internal walls. A control unit adjusts a set of operating parameters of the ultraviolet radiation sources as a function of the removal of contaminants from the internal walls of the fluid transport conduit.

Abstract: A UV sterilization tube includes a hollow tube, a hydroelectric power module and a UV sterilization module. The hollow tube includes an inlet end and an outlet end communicating with each other. The hydroelectric power module is positioned in the hollow tube, and communicates with the inlet end and the outlet end of the hollow tube, wherein the hydroelectric power module generates electric power by a water flow. The UV sterilization module is positioned in the hollow tube, and is electrically connected to the hydroelectric power module. The UV sterilization module includes a UV source and a reflector, wherein the UV source has a light-emitting surface facing to the reflector. A sterilization channel, which communicates with the inlet end and the outlet end of the hollow tube, is between the UV source and the reflector.

Abstract: A nucleic acid amplification disk apparatus using a temperature sensitive polymer synthesis and the analysis method using the same, and more specifically, and the nucleic acid amplification device, and the analysis method using the nucleic acid amplification disk unit and the nucleic acid amplification disk for amplifying the Bacterial DNA or RNA, and the driving control section for controlling the nucleic acid amplification disk.

Abstract: A refrigeration system or a control system for a refrigeration system has a display that by default displays the temperature of a simulated product stored in the refrigeration system as sensed by a temperature probe. The system control logic determines the temperature limits for cutting the refrigeration cycle in or out based on a temperature set-point entered by a user.

Abstract: Debris traps are described including a housing, the housing including an inlet and an outlet and a fluid flow passage extending from the inlet to the outlet. The housing further including an inspection opening and an inspection cover which is removable to allow access to the fluid flow passage. A debris trapping device is arranged to lie across the fluid flow passage and the debris trapping device may be introduced to, or withdrawn from, the housing through the inspection opening.

Abstract: A substance is treated using a device having: (a) a volute or cyclone head, (b) a throat connected to the volute or cyclone head, (c) a parabolic reflector connected to the throat, (d) a first wave energy source comprising a first electrode within the volute or cyclone head that extends through the outlet into the opening of the throat along the central axis, and a second electrode extending into the parabolic reflector and spaced apart and axially aligned with first electrode, and (e) a second wave energy source disposed inside the throat, embedded within the throat or disposed around the throat. The substance is directed to the inlet of the volute or cyclone head and irradiated with one or more wave energies produced by the first and second wave energy sources as the substance passes through the device.

Abstract: The disclosure provides relates to compositions and methods for water treatment. It also addresses a method for synthesizing TiO2 (and other metal oxides) with or without dopants. This method enables control over size, phase, morphology and porosity and specific surface area of these materials. The disclosure also provides metal oxide composites that can be used in photocatalysts, photovoltaics, and solar hydrogen applications.

Abstract: Provided herein are methods of liquid column chromatography in which preparative chromatography is performed in-line with analytical chromatography. In particular aspects a monolithic preparative column is used to purify an analyte of interest from a mixture of other substances by applying the mixture to the column, reversing the flow through the column to elute the analyte, which is applied to an analytical column provided in-line with the preparative column. In other aspects, a single monolithic column is used to perform both the preparative chromatography and analytical chromatography steps in succession. In another aspect, a chromatography system is provided to perform preparative and analytical chromatography using a single monolithic column.

Abstract: A nucleic acid amplification disk apparatus using a temperature sensitive polymer synthesis and the analysis method using the same, and more specifically, and the nucleic acid amplification device, and the analysis method using the nucleic acid amplification disk unit and the nucleic acid amplification disk for amplifying the Bacterial DNA or RNA, and the driving control section for controlling the nucleic acid amplification disk.

Abstract: A method and device performing the method for estimation of cell count, such as sperm cell count, is disclosed. The device may be a kit including a cartridge configured to hold fluid, such as seminal fluid, and an instrument configured to centrifuge the cartridge. The cartridge and instrument are configured such that, during operation or centrifugation, they are securely attached to each other. The cartridge has a component with a defined cross-sectional volume. The defined cross-sectional volume is used to mark the component with markings, allowing a user of the device to read the markings and estimate cell volume and, thus, concentration. Various embodiments of the device are disclosed.

Abstract: A customizable modular dialysate regeneration assembly with connectable sorbent packaging systems. The dialysate regeneration assembly can be customized based on patient parameters or dialysis session parameters. A processor can be included that can determine the correct amount of each sorbent material necessary for a given patient and a given dialysis session.

Abstract: A showerhead assembly including a filter cartridge assembly having a replaceable filter cartridge. The showerhead assembly includes a water-directing and filtering assembly having a body portion and a face portion removably affixed to the body portion. The filter cartridge assembly includes a split filter cartridge housing and filter cartridge. A first part of the filter cartridge housing is disposed in the body portion and a second part is disposed in the face portion. The filter cartridge includes a casing and spaced apart first and second end walls, an inlet connector extending axially from the first end wall, and an outlet connector extending axially from the second end wall and being offset from the filter cartridge central axis. The second end wall includes a first recess extending linearly between a peripheral edge of the second end wall and the outlet connector outer surface and passing through the filter cartridge central axis.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for reducing the amount of sulphur compounds in a sulphur compounds contaminated wastewater stream, using a granular sludge treatment system (10) comprising anaerobic microorganisms, wherein the process comprises the steps of adding an aqueous nitrate solution to the wastewater stream, contacting the wastewater stream with the anaerobic microorganisms, and anoxic oxidation of at least part of the sulphur compounds in the sulphur compounds contaminated wastewater stream by the anaerobic microorganisms, resulting in a sulphur compounds depleted wastewater stream. The invention furthermore relates to such a granular sludge treatment system (10).

Abstract: A floating dispenser having an external float or an internal float for supporting a cartridge or cartridges for floatingly delivering a dispersant or dispersants to a body of water with the floating dispenser having cartridges rotationally positionable with respect to one another to control the rate of dispensing while the dispenser floats in an upright condition with the floating dispenser changing its flotation orientation in response to consumption of the dispersant or dispersants in the cartridge or cartridges to thereby provide a visual alert to replace a spent cartridge with a fresh cartridge. In addition, the inventions described herein permit changing the dispensing nature of the system from a multiple dispensing system to a single dispensing system without changing the floating characteristics of the floating dispensers through replacement of a dispersant in one of the cartridges with an inert or ballast material that has no effect on the water characteristics.

Abstract: A method for detecting and counting particles suspended in fluids, such as bacteria suspended in urine, utilizing dynamic features of the suspended particles and employing light scattering measurements. The disclosed method is suitable for determining the susceptibility of bacteria to antibiotics. A cuvette for detecting bacteria in fluids, which is especially suited for the light scattering measurements, is provided.

Abstract: A condensate treatment system includes a housing attached to an A/C condensate drain line having a biocide received within an interior chamber. A load cell continuously measures the weight of biocide in the interior chamber in order to calculate a remaining amount. A control unit is in communication with the load cell and various sensors for monitoring operational variables associated with the condensate system. The control unit has Wi-Fi capability to allow the sensor readings and the remaining amount of biocide to be accessed wirelessly from a supervisor's remote computer or smart phone. If the control unit detects rising condensate levels in the drip pan or the housing, it disables the air conditioner to prevent an overflow.

Abstract: Parallel modules for in-line recharging of sorbent materials using alternate duty cycles for a sorbent cartridge. The sorbent cartridge can have two or more modules contained therein having connectors connecting each of the modules. One or more of the modules can be reusable and the sorbent materials therein can be recharged.

Abstract: The present invention is a novel bubble generator that can be used in many different industrial applications. The design of the bubble generator of the invention allows its user to selectively generate gas bubbles in a liquid having a wide range of diameters in the range from microns to millimeters simply by changing the ratio of the flow rate of the gas to that of the liquid. The bubbles are generated at low liquid and gas supply pressure values. The bubble generator of the invention is able to create an unstable liquid flow regime having large amplitudes and frequencies for liquid containing bubbles without the use of moving mechanical parts and drives.

Abstract: A lighting device (30) and a method of manufacturing such a lighting device are provided. The lighting device comprises a sheet assembly (7), which comprises a substrate (1) being at least partly light transmissive, a plurality of light sources (5) coupled to the substrate. At least a portion of the sheet assembly (7) is fixed in a rolled-up arrangement so as to form a roll (12), whereby the light sources (5) in the portion of the sheet assembly (7) are arranged to emit light at least partly inwards in the roll and/or at least partly towards at least one end (31) of the roll. The present invention is advantageous in that it provides enhanced lumen density output, which makes the lighting device useful for high brightness applications, such as head lights and fluid purification.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a flocculation basin inclusion ion type water treatment apparatus using dissolved air floatation which includes: a flocculation basin which forms flocs by mixing a coagulant inserted into feed water and grows up the flocs; a contact zone to which fine bubbles are induced through a nozzle disposed at a lower part; and a separation zone which removes the flocs when the fine bubbles are attached to the flocs and the flocs float on the surface of water, the flocculation basin inclusion type water treatment apparatus including: a fine bubble forming part configured to separate a portion of the feed water at an upstream side of the flocculation basin by piping, configured to form saturated water using the separated portion of the feed water and configured to supply the saturated water to the nozzle.

Abstract: A clotting serum production device including a main chamber, an inlet housing, and an outlet port. The main chamber is defined by a first end wall, a second end wall opposite to the first end wall, and a side wall extending between the first end wall and the second end wall. The inlet housing extends from the first end wall. The inlet housing includes a first inlet port, a second inlet port, and a first conduit extending between the first inlet port and a second conduit. The second conduit extends between the second inlet port and the main chamber. The inlet housing is configured to provide one-way fluid flow from the first inlet port to the second inlet port and to provide one-way fluid flow from the second inlet port to the main chamber. An outlet port is in fluid communication with the main chamber and provides fluid communication with an exterior of the clotting serum production device.

Abstract: A system and method for treating wastewater in a reactor of the system at or below a predetermined flow rate and at or above a predetermined temperature is provided. Incoming wastewater in excess of the predetermined flow rate is directed to an equalization basin for storage. Wastewater stored in the equalization basin is directed to the reactor when (a) the temperature of such stored wastewater is equal to or greater than the predetermined temperature and (b) wastewater is received by the system at a rate less than the predetermined flow rate. The method also involves the step of repurposing a lagoon basin of an existing lagoon system to function as the equalization basin. The system may further include an integrated control system for directing wastewater stored in the equalization basin to the reactor when predetermined conditions are met.

Abstract: An ozone faucet switching structure includes a faucet body, a connecting member connected with the faucet body, an aerator mounted in the connecting member, and a control sleeve mounted on the connecting member. The faucet body has a water outlet pipe which is provided with a conduit which is externally connected with an ozone device. Thus, the control sleeve is movable on the connecting member to stop supply of the ozone when not in use to prevent the ozone from being mixed with the drinking water.

Abstract: An anti-scale electrochemical apparatus comprises at least one ion exchange cell, each cell comprising a housing having a plurality of openings to receive and release a water stream, inner and outer electrodes in the housing, and a water-splitting membrane between the inner and outer electrodes to treat an influent water stream to form an effluent water stream. A controlled-release scale-inhibitor composite comprising a scale-inhibitor agent and a polymer, is provided in the housing or in the water flow pathway of the electrochemical apparatus. An anti-scale, water splitting ion exchange membrane was also fabricated.

Abstract: Used water-in-oil emulsified drilling muds are prepared for reuse by removing excess water. The excess water is removed by passing the used mud through a cavitation device, under controlled conditions, along with injected air. While the emulsion is heated in the cavitation device, the air is finely dispersed in it, so is able to absorb water evaporated from the discrete, discontinuous phase aqueous droplets in the emulsion. A mixture of incoming and aerated emulsion is maintained at an optimal temperature in a process tank while a steady state continuous process is controlled to utilize the heat input, after compensating for radiant heat losses and other system losses, substantially exclusively for the evaporation of water in the emulsion. The process is applicable to any water-in-oil emulsion.

Abstract: The present invention provides a plumbing fixture fitting with a rectangular spout tip and opening with a removable flow restrictor and stream straightener.

Abstract: An apparatus and method of producing compost tea with an elongated container having a vortex chamber, cylindrical screen, and outlet wherein compost is placed inside the vortex chamber, nozzles spray water into the compost chamber under pressure forcing nutrients and micro-organisms from the compost into the water which passes through the screen and out of the outlet into a holding tank.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for heating produced fluid from a well, the heating apparatus comprising a produced fluid pathway; a heat generation system comprising a diesel engine, a heated hydraulic fluid pathway, and an engine coolant pathway; and a heat transfer system disposed between the produced fluid pathway and the heat generation system to transfer thermal energy from the heat generation system to a produced fluid contained within the produced fluid pathway.

Abstract: A ultra-violet liquid processing device comprises a liquid processor, a lamp holder, a latching mechanism provided within the lamp holder, and a lamp holder fixed cover provided with a lock hole therein. The latching mechanism comprises a locking dog able to extend from or retract into the lamp holder and a water nozzle blocker. When the lamp holder is pressed on the liquid processor and connected with the liquid processor by lamp holder fixed cover, the locking dog projects from the lamp holder and enter into the lock hole of the lamp holder fixed cover, so that the lamp holder fixed cover is locked and cannot move. By means of the lamp holder fixed cover being locked by the latching mechanism and not able to be moved, the ultra-violet liquid processing device is sealed reliably by means of the substantial structure.

Abstract: A device for administering a fluid includes a housing that holds a sterilization cassette having a shell, a fluid chamber, and a light transmitting window. An input directs fluid into the chamber. A light source is positioned to direct ultraviolet or other light through the window into the fluid chamber at an intensity sufficient to kill or render non-reproducible at least one species of a microorganism in the fluid while the fluid is in the chamber. An outlet receives fluid from the cassette and directs the fluid to a destination. The fluid is substantially uniformly exposed to the light while in the chamber. The cassette and light source are contained in a housing that prevents light from escaping the housing.

Abstract: A fluid mixer in the form of a Venturi tube includes a divergent section (A2) with a steady contour curve having at least two inflection points (W1, W2) to reduce flow separations.

Abstract: A centrifugal filter apparatus including a canister housing having a frusto-conical internal surface, and outlet adjacent the minor diameter of the internal surface and an inlet spaced axially toward a major diameter, a central annular filter element and centrifugal radial rotating fins extending radially from adjacent the external surface of the filter element to adjacent the generally frusto-conical internal surface of the canister having a generally frusto-conical outer surface conforming to the frusto-conical internal surface of the canister. In one embodiment, the filter apparatus includes a plurality of reaction canisters, where the outlet of the first canister is the inlet of the second canister and the radial fins drive reaction products from the first canister to the second canister.

Abstract: If blades have been struck by wind that has reached a power reduction start wind speed that is lower than a conventional cut-out wind speed at which torque acting on a main shaft reaches the torque limit, a wind turbine generator performs torque reduction control for causing the change in the torque when wind speed is higher than the power reduction start wind speed to be different from change in the torque when wind speed is lower than the power reduction start wind speed so as to prevent the torque from exceeding the torque limit at the conventional cut-out wind speed. For example, if the wind striking the blades reaches the power reduction start wind speed, the wind turbine generator sets the slope of change in torque lower than that before the power reduction start wind speed is reached. Accordingly, the wind turbine generator can reduce the load acting on a device and suppress a reduction in power even if the blades are struck by strong wind.

Abstract: An apparatus for treating a liquid includes: (a) a pump volute or hydrocyclone head having an inlet and a throat having an outlet and a central axis, (b) a tank connected to the outlet of the throat, the tank has a maximum inner diameter that is larger than an inner diameter of the outlet of the throat, and (c) a wave energy source having a first electrode within the pump volute or hydrocyclone head that extends through the outlet of the throat along the central axis, and a second electrode within the tank that is spaced apart and axially aligned with first electrode along the central axis. The liquid is supplied to the inlet of the pump volute or hydrocyclone head, and is irradiated with one or more wave energies produced by the wave energy source.

Abstract: An apparatus for treating a flow of fluid with microwave radiation, the apparatus comprising: a vessel having a sidewall and opposed first and second end walls defining a substantially cylindrical chamber, the first end wall being disposed a predetermined distance d1 from the second end wall; a pipeline for flowing fluid through, the pipeline passing through the first end wall towards the second end wall of the vessel, the chamber and the pipeline being substantially co-axial and the pipeline being substantially transparent to microwave radiation; and a microwave radiation inlet in the side wall of the vessel for admitting microwave radiation of wavelength ? into the chamber, wherein the distance d1 is substantially equal to an integral multiple of ?/2 so that the chamber is a microwave resonator.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for the separation of C4 olefins (butene-1, trans-2-butene, cis-2-butene, etc.) and C4 paraffins (normal butane, isobutane, etc) from a C4 hydrocarbon mixed gas including butene-1, trans-2-butene, cis-2-butene, normal butane, isobutane, etc. is provided. The apparatus includes several adsorption towers loaded with an adsorbent which selectively adsorb olefins and two distillation towers for the separation of the mixture gases of olefins/desorbents and paraffins/desorbents respectively.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a chemical feeder that includes a support plate that is positioned within the housing chamber of the chemical feeder, in which one or more extensions extend upward from an upper surface of the base plate of the support plate. The extensions can, with some embodiments, be in the form of peg extensions, arcuate extensions that can together define an impeller pattern, or a spiral extension. A distributor head having a plurality of distributor head apertures and at least one dome hole extends up through a support plate aperture in the base plate of the support plate, and distributes liquid horizontally and vertically relative to the base plate. The horizontally and vertically distributed liquid contacts a solid chemical material that is supported above the support plate, so as to form a treated liquid that includes dissolved chemical material.

Abstract: A chemical feeder includes a support plate that is positioned within the housing chamber of the chemical feeder is described. The support plate includes a base plate having an upper surface that has one or more extensions that extend upward from the upper surface. The extensions can, with some embodiments, be in the form of arcuate extensions that can together define an impeller pattern or a spiral extension that defines a spiral channel. The upper surface of the base plate and/or the one or more extensions are adapted to support a solid chemical material thereon. The support plate further includes a plurality of arcuate channel apertures or spiral channel apertures that extend through the base plate. A feed liquid introduced into the housing chamber flows through at least one of the plurality of arcuate/spiral channel apertures and contacts the solid chemical material to form a treated liquid.

Abstract: Systems and methods for performing hemodialysis to remove metabolic waste from the blood of a patient are disclosed. The systems and methods preferably comprise at least one blood processing apparatus that receives whole blood from a patient. Cellular blood components are removed from the whole blood by hemofiltration, to provide filtered plasma comprising metabolic waste that is substantially reduced of blood cells. The cellular blood components may be returned to the patient. The filtered plasma comprising waste may be removed from the blood processing apparatus through a waste path for further processing in a separate apparatus, or in the same apparatus in a second stage processing procedure to remove metabolic waste components and excess water from the plasma by hemodialysis. At least one of the hemofiltration and hemodialysis processing apparatus comprises a Taylor vortex-enhanced separation apparatus.