Abstract: A water treatment system having a base assembly and a treatment assembly. The treatment assembly of the system may be configured to filter particulates from water. The base assembly may include a UV reactor operable to disinfect water for consumption.

Abstract: Multilayered electrolyte compositions and methods for their manufacture and use are described. The compositions can have an inner core and one or more coating layers. The compositions can contain at least one chlorine source and at least one citrate salt. The compositions are useful for treating water to improve safety, among other things.

Abstract: A composition and method for administration to a domesticated animal having heartworm disease includes proportionate amounts of water, acidified copper sulfate, potassium permanganate, and a flavoring agent or binder such as salt.

Abstract: Provided is a water quality management apparatus for an aquaculture pond, the apparatus having a storage unit for storing water quality-related measured values measured at appropriate time intervals by external sensors set in the aquaculture pond, an assessment unit for calculating a predicted future value on the basis of fluctuations in the measured values and determining the time when the predicted value will exceed a reference value that indicates deterioration of water quality, and a display unit for displaying the time when the reference value will be exceeded. Said time is the time when exchange of pond water will be necessary.

Abstract: The present invention provides improved methods for purifying and/or removing oily particles, and/or contaminants suspended or dissolved in water. In particular the process relates to an additive composition that has the appropriate surfactant characteristics for effectively removing an oil phase from an oil/aqueous mixed phase via foam fractionation. According to the invention, a hydrophobically modified polymer that acts as an associative thickener is combined with surfactant in appropriate ratios to facilitate oil removal for water purification in any of a number of commercial, environmental and industrial applications.

Abstract: A method of removing calcium-containing water-based filter cake from a wellbore involving contacting the calcium-containing filter cake with a biodegradable acid solution of water, hydrochloric acid, formic acid, citric acid, and a surfactant. The method is performed at a pressure of 200 to 400 psi and a temperature of 50 to 125° C. The method removes calcium-containing filter cake made of water, calcium carbonate, a polymer or starch and a clay. The method meets industry standard steel corrosion rates of less than 0.049 lb/ft2 per day. Also disclosed is a biodegradable acid solution of water, hydrochloric acid, formic acid, citric acid, and a surfactant that meets OECD 301B thresholds for ready biodegradability.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide a chemical liquid purification method which makes it possible to obtain a chemical liquid having excellent defect inhibition performance. Another object of the present invention is to provide a chemical liquid. The chemical liquid purification method according to an embodiment of the present invention is a chemical liquid purification method including obtaining a chemical liquid by purifying a substance to be purified containing an organic solvent, in which a content of the stabilizer in the substance to be purified with respect to the total mass of the substance to be purified is equal to or greater than 0.1 mass ppm and less than 100 mass ppm.

Abstract: Systems and methods of producing a concentrated solution from a gas stream are disclosed. The method of producing a concentrate solution includes introducing the gas stream having the contaminant into an absorption chamber, introducing a dilute liquid having the contaminant into the absorption chamber, at least one of the gas stream and the dilute liquid being at an elevated temperature, and contacting the gas stream with the dilute solution to produce a liquid-enriched gas stream and a concentrate solution. The systems for producing a concentrated solution include a source of a gas stream having a contaminant, a source of a dilute solution having the contaminant, and an absorption chamber fluidly connected to the source of the gas stream and the source of the dilute solution. The source of the dilute solution can have a subsystem for removing contaminants from the gas stream, constructed and arranged to receive the gas stream or a liquid-enriched gas and produce the dilute solution.

Abstract: Systems and methods for removing heavy metals such as selenium from wastewater with zero valent iron media. Air may be introduced directly into a reaction zone of a fluidized bed reactor filled with the media to catalyze treatment.

Abstract: A protective fabric which includes at least one structural layer and a ceramic composite material layer fixed to the at least one structural layer, is provided. The structural layer can include a non-woven material made from or containing synthetic fibers. The ceramic composite material layer is formed of ceramic composite material powder which includes a ceramic carrier, and iron-silver crystals containing zero-valent iron and zero-valent silver supported on the ceramic carrier. The protective fabric is effective for removing VOCs, suppressing bacterial growth, and filtering or inactivating virus, such as SARS-CoV-2 virus. Protective products or articles incorporating the protective fabric are also provided.

Abstract: A scavenger comprising a formaldehyde sulfoxylate may be used to scavenge hydrogen sulfide (H2S) from systems that are brine or mixed production. Suitable formaldehyde sulfoxylates include, but are not necessarily limited to, sodium formaldehyde sulfoxylate, zinc formaldehyde sulfoxylate, and calcium formaldehyde sulfoxylate, potassium formaldehyde sulfoxylate, magnesium formaldehyde sulfoxylate, iron formaldehyde sulfoxylate, copper formaldehyde sulfoxylate, alkene aldehyde sulfoxylates, and combinations thereof.

Abstract: The invention provides a process for treating waste water from an industrial process for producing propylene oxide, which process comprises subjecting the waste water to a catalytic wet oxidation treatment in the presence of a catalyst comprising metal nanoparticles-doped porous carbon beads.

Abstract: The present disclosure generally relates to producing chloride dioxide. A chlorine dioxide reactor, methods for producing chlorine dioxide, and treating aqueous systems are disclosed. The reactor may include a mixing device, a first feed line in fluid communication with the mixing device, and a second feed line in fluid communication with the mixing device. The reactor may include a proximal portion in fluid communication with the mixing device and a distal portion in fluid communication with a motive water line. The mixing device, the reactor, a portion of the first feed line, and a portion of the second feed line may be positioned within the motive water line.

Abstract: A flow passage design for multi-reaction biological detection includes a first temporary tank, a second temporary tank, a first microchannel, and a second microchannel. The first temporary tank is configured to temporarily store a first liquid in an initial state. The second temporary tank is configured to temporarily store a second liquid in the initial state. The first microchannel is located upstream of the first temporary tank. The first microchannel has an outlet end and an inlet end, respectively connecting to the first temporary tank and the second temporary tank. The second microchannel is located downstream of the first temporary tank and connects to the first temporary tank. In the initial state, a portion of the first liquid enters the second microchannel, the outlet end of the first microchannel is covered by the first liquid, and the inlet end of the first microchannel is covered by the second liquid.

Abstract: Disclosed are methods of treating wastewater using a membrane bioreactor and achieving a target phosphorus concentration for the membrane permeate stream. These methods include the steps of dosing a wastewater stream with a rare earth clarifying agent and passing the dosed wastewater stream through the membrane to obtain a membrane permeate stream with a permeate concentration that is less than the phosphorus concentration of the influent stream. This permeate concentration also can be equal to or less than a target phosphorus concentration. In the methods as disclosed herein, the rare earth clarifying agent can be chloride salts of one or more rare earth elements and in certain embodiments, the rare earth clarifying agent can be CeCl3 and LaCl3.

Abstract: A drink water treatment composition comprises a first edible, water-soluble salt that has a weight, e.g., between about 15% and about 25% by weight of the composition, and a second edible, water-soluble salt that has a weight, e.g., between about 65% and about 75% by weight of the composition and in admixture with the first edible, water-soluble salt. The composition can also include a third edible, water-soluble salt that has a weight, e.g., between about 5% and about 10% by weight of the composition and in admixture with the first and second edible, water-soluble salts. The mixture of edible, water-soluble salts is packaged in an effective amount to be mixed and dissolved in a reference amount of drinking water to re-mineralize the drinking water for human ingestion.

Abstract: Methods are disclosed for the continuous treatment of biomass comprising a pretreatment step, wherein said biomass is contacted with a first supercritical, near-critical, or sub-critical fluid to form a solid matrix and a first liquid fraction; and a hydrolysis step, wherein said solid matrix formed in said pretreatment step is contacted with a second supercritical or near-supercritical fluid to produce a second liquid fraction and an insoluble lignin-containing fraction. Also disclosed are apparatuses for the continuous conversion of biomass comprising a pretreatment reactor and a hydrolysis reactor associated with said pretreatment reactor.

Abstract: A composition containing a quaternary organosilane foaming agent capable of foaming various liquids in order to remove the liquids from subterranean wells is described. For instance, the composition can be used to remove hydrocarbon condensate liquids from a gas well or an oil well. Of particular advantage, the composition can foam liquids containing substantial amounts of hydrocarbons.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for the preparation of an aqueous solution comprising at least one earth alkali hydrogen carbonate, a process for the mineralization of water as well as the use of an aqueous solution comprising at least one earth alkali hydrogen carbonate obtained by the process for the mineralization of water.

Abstract: A process for something separating oxygen from air includes mixing the air with hydro fluoro ether in a closed vessel for a desired period of time so that the oxygen from the air is adsorbed into the hydro fluoro ether, discharging the oxygen-adsorbed hydro fluoro ether from the closed vessel, and flashing the oxygen-adsorbed hydro fluoro ether into a chamber so that so as to separate the oxygen from the hydro fluoro ether. Nitrogen is separated from the air as the oxygen is adsorbed in the hydro fluoro ether in the closed vessel. The step of flashing that includes passing the elevated pressure oxygen-adsorbed hydro fluoro ether across a restricting orifice so as to evaporate the oxygen from the hydro fluoro ether.

Abstract: Methods for detection, monitoring, and determination of location of changes in rigid structures with arbitrarily complex geometries are described. Implementations include locating acoustic transducers that generate and receive acoustic signals at multiple locations along a surface of the rigid structure, wherein longitudinal spacing between the transducer locations define measurement zones. Acoustic signals with chosen amplitude-time-frequency characteristics excite multiple vibration modes in the structure within each zone. Small mechanical changes in the inspection zones lead to scattering and attenuation of broadband acoustic signals, which are detectable as changes in received signal characteristics as part of a through-transmission technique. Additional use of short, narrowband pulse acoustic signals as part of a pulse-echo technique allows determination of the relative location of the mechanical change within each zone based on the differential delay profiles.

Abstract: The present invention relates to water treatment. In one example, there is provided a method of treating an aqueous system to inhibit growth of one or more micro-organisms therein and/or to reduce the number of live micro-organisms therein. The method includes adding treatment agents to an aqueous system wherein said treatment agents include: (a) a phosphonium compound; and (b) a compound having formula: M(XO2)n wherein: M is a Group I or Group II metal; X is a halogen; and n is 1 or 2.

Abstract: Certain functionalized aldehydes scavengers may be used to at least partially scavenge sulfur-containing contaminants from fluid systems containing hydrocarbons and/or water. The contaminants scavenged or otherwise removed include, but are not necessarily limited to, H2S, mercaptans, and/or sulfides. Suitable scavengers include, but are not necessarily limited to, reaction products of glycolaldehyde with aldehydes; reaction products of glycolaldehyde with a nitrogen-containing reactant (e.g. an amine, a triazine, an imine, an aminal, and/or polyamines); non-nitrogen-containing reaction products of a hydrated aldehyde with certain second aldehydes; reaction products of 1,3,5-trioxane with hydroxyl-rich compounds (e.g. glyoxal, polyethylene glycol, polypropylene glycol, pentaerythritol, and/or sugars); and reaction products of certain aldehydes with certain phenols; and combinations of these reaction products.

Abstract: A system and method includes receiving at least one instruction from a first computing system to schedule a test of a fluid. An input device is operated for importing at least a quantity of the fluid from a source. A filling device is instructed for filling a vial with a pre-determined amount of the imported fluid. A drawing device is operated for drawing a pre-determined amount of a reagent. The drawing device is activated for adding the pre-determined amount of the reagent to the vial. An output of a photocolorimeter is read. The output indicates a reaction of the pre-determined amount of the imported fluid and the pre-determined amount of the reagent. A result of the test is transmitted to a second computing system.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a sulphur containing additive for bitumen paving mixtures. The sulphur containing additive comprises sulphur, a mixture of metal oxides, and optionally 5 at least one metal sulphate. The mixture of metal oxides includes calcium oxide, silicon dioxide, aluminum oxide and ferric oxide.

Abstract: The invention discloses a separation matrix with a porous solid support and a plurality of polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) polymer chains covalently attached to the solid support. The polyvinylpyrrolidone polymer chains are either vinylpyrrolidone homopolymer chains or copolymer chains which comprise at least 70 mol % vinylpyrrolidone monomer residues and less than 2 mol % negatively charged monomer residues.

Abstract: An electronic smoking article includes a heater and a liquid aerosol formulation. The heater is a coil heater. The liquid aerosol formulation includes at least one aerosol former, optionally water, nicotine and phosphoric acid. The phosphoric acid is included in an amount sufficient to substantially abate corrosion of the heater.

Abstract: Methods for reducing the size of an oil slick on a water surface or on a water surface when ice is present are described. Spreading of oil can be reversed by reducing the surface tension of the seawater, for example, by using a low concentration of at least one water-soluble surfactant, such as a non-ionic surfactant. A controlled amount of the surfactant or surfactant mixture may be discharged over time at the inner-wall of a spill control boom surrounding the oil spill, or within the vicinity of the oil spill in the absence of control booms using a soaker hose or a floating polyethylene or polypropylene hose impregnated with surfactant, whereby the confinement and contraction of the oil slick is maintained by compensating for dissolved surfactant and surfactant moving away from the oil slick. Water-soluble surfactants are typically solids or gels at low temperatures when no organic co-solvent is added to the surfactant.

Abstract: A blood bag system includes: a first bag in which blood containing multiple components is stored; a second bag in which a relative medium-density component is stored; a third bag in which a relative low-density component is stored; a first tube through which the relative low-density component and the relative medium-density component are transported from the first bag to the second bag; and a second tube through which the relative low-density component is transported from the first bag to the third bag. A blood treatment method involves: centrifuging blood containing multiple components in a first bag, transporting a low-density component from the first bag to a third bag through a first tube and transporting a relative medium-density component from the first bag to the second bag through the first tube.

Abstract: A dissolved hydrogen liquid-discharging pot makes it easier for a user to use hydrogen water by making the pot capable of discharging or spraying a liquid in which hydrogen is dissolved continuously for a constant period at a prescribed pressure. The internal pressure of a pressure chamber, the volume of which has been subdivided by an indicator line on a pot body, is maintained with hydrogen, which is generated by a hydrogen-generating agent disposed in a hydrogen-generating section, at a discharge pressure that is sufficient to discharge all of the liquid inside a bottle section while an on-off valve that opens and closes a discharge tube is closed, and when the on-off valve is opened intermittently or continuously, at a pressure sufficient for continuing discharge of the liquid inside the bottle section and performing continuous discharge of dissolved hydrogen liquid until the bottom of the bottle section is reached.

Abstract: Provided is a solvent borne coating composition comprising (a) one or more polymeric biocide comprising multivalent metal cations and multivalent organic anions, (b) one or more polymer-encapsulated biocide, and (c) one or more ethoxylated triglyceride that has average number of moles of ethylene oxide units per mole of triglyceride molecules of 10 to 45. Also provided are a method of making such composition and a method of using such a composition.

Abstract: The invention provides methods and compositions for the protection of a membrane from both biofouling and from damage caused by a biocide. The invention utilizes PAA as both a biocide and as a reducing agent for other oxidizing biocides. This is especially beneficial because without the invention one would be forced to choose between preventing membrane biofouling or preventing membrane damage from oxidizing biocides.

Abstract: An agent and a method for dispersing spilled oil, particularly on a body of water. The compound is a viscous dispersant liquid comprising a mixture of surfactants and a viscosifying agent that may be stored, shipped, mixed, and delivered on site using standard equipment and methods. The compound is released as a cohesive, persistent, visible, gel-like or paste-like liquid that floats on water. At least one method includes delivering the viscous dispersant liquid onto an oil spill in a body of water utilizing a jet airplane flying at over about 100 feet and spraying the liquid in large, pea-sized droplets.

Abstract: The purpose of the present invention is to provide a developing solution processing device and processing method that solve problems that accompany the occurrence of scum, improve product defect rate, increase the utilization ratio of manufacturing devices, and contribute considerably to reduced manufacturing costs and other factors through highly efficient recovery of noble metals. The present invention provides a developing solution processing device provided with: a centrifuge for separating a clarified liquid and a residue by centrifugally separating out developing solution after development processing; and a defoaming device for defoaming and discharging the clarified liquid.

Abstract: The disclosure describes a composition, process and apparatus for soil remediation on site using an encapsulating agent to separate contaminants from soil. The contaminated soil is saturated with the encapsulating agent, creating an immediate reaction causing the contaminants to dissociate from the soil in favor of association with the encapsulating agent. The encapsulating agent attracts and associates with the contaminants but do not dissolve them, resulting in a clearly-defined heterogeneous mixture with at least three phases, wherein said phases include contaminants at the top of the mixture, encapsulation agent at the middle and cleansed soil at the bottom of the mixture.

Abstract: Alumina/NiO/ZnO and Alumina/ZnO are synthesized via a novel modified hydrothermal method and investigated for the desulfurization activities. Sulfur compounds such as thiophene, benzothiophene (BT) and dibenzothiophene (DBT) are tested for their removal from model diesel fuel. The prepared composite materials were examined by the means of N2-adsorption, X-ray diffraction and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy.

Abstract: The present invention relates to hydrogen sulfide scavenging additive composition comprising glyoxal and a polymer compound which is polymer made from propylene oxide, which is capable of scavenging or removing hydrogen sulfide in hydrocarbons or hydrocarbon streams without causing any problem. The present invention is also relates to a method of scavenging hydrogen sulfide employing present scavenging additive composition comprising glyoxal and a polymer compound which is polymer made from propylene oxide. The present invention is also relates to a method of using hydrogen sulfide scavenging additive composition comprising glyoxal and a polymer compound which is polymer made from propylene oxide.

Abstract: A blood bag system includes: a first bag in which blood containing multiple components is stored; a second bag in which a relative medium-density component is stored; a third bag in which a relative low-density component is stored; a first tube through which the relative low-density component and the relative medium-density component are transported from the first bag to the second bag; and a second tube through which the relative low-density component is transported from the first bag to the third bag. A blood treatment method involves: centrifuging blood containing multiple components in a first bag, transporting a low-density component from the first bag to a third bag through a first tube and transporting a relative medium-density component from the first bag to the second bag through the first tube.

Abstract: A catalyst comprising of NiO; Al2O3; and ZnO. The catalyst is capable of greater than 5% sulfur removal from a synthesis gas at a temperature range from 300° C. to 600° C.

Abstract: Methods are disclosed for the continuous treatment of biomass comprising a pretreatment step, wherein said biomass is contacted with a first supercritical, near-critical, or sub-critical fluid to form a solid matrix and a first liquid fraction; and a hydrolysis step, wherein said solid matrix formed in said pretreatment step is contacted with a second supercritical or near-supercritical fluid to produce a second liquid fraction and a insoluble lignin-containing fraction. Also disclosed are apparatuses for the continuous conversion of biomass comprising a pretreatment reactor and a hydrolysis reactor associated with said pretreatment reactor.

Abstract: A floating dispenser having an external float or an internal float for supporting a cartridge or cartridges for floatingly delivering a dispersant or dispersants to a body of water with the floating dispenser having cartridges rotationally positionable with respect to one another to control the rate of dispensing while the dispenser floats in an upright condition with the floating dispenser changing its flotation orientation in response to consumption of the dispersant or dispersants in the cartridge or cartridges to thereby provide a visual alert to replace a spent cartridge with a fresh cartridge. In addition, the inventions described herein permit changing the dispensing nature of the system from a multiple dispensing system to a single dispensing system without changing the floating characteristics of the floating dispensers through replacement of a dispersant in one of the cartridges with an inert or ballast material that has no effect on the water characteristics.

Abstract: The present invention is directed toward an oil dispersant composition useful in treating oil spills, and for cleanup of the shoreline, animals, plants, and equipment. The oil dispersant product is a non-toxic, solvent-free composition which efficiently breaks down grease, grime and crude oil at the molecular level, by breaking down the hydrocarbon chains and preventing the oil molecules from ever reforming again.

Abstract: A method for the removal of aqueous phase selenite and selenate species using TiO2 assisted photocatalysis employing the use of artificial light, or solar radiation, in conjunction with EDTA as a hole scavenger. Among the two processes, UV-lamp assisted photocatalysis has the highest efficiency comparatively followed by solar light assisted photocatalysis. TiO2 mediated photocatalysis in conjunction with EDTA as an h+ scavenging agent is an efficient technique for selenium ion removal.

Abstract: A dispenser system for delivering various combinations of dispersants to a body of water with the various combinations of dispersants supplied to the body of water through the interchanging of dispensing cartridges which are attachable to a main dispensing cartridge where a condition for interchanging of dispensing cartridges may be triggered by an event.

Abstract: A set of vertically stackable interacting cartridges for improving the delivery of biocide of a bulk feeder by positioning the stackable cartridges in a stacked condition within a chamber in the bulk feeder wherein the stackable cartridges are maintained in vertical interacting flow alignment with each other to provide enhanced control of the delivery of the biocide carried within each of the stackable cartridges without replacing the control valves of the bulk feeder.

Abstract: The separation of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs), by electronic type using centrifugation of compositions of SWNTs and surface active block copolymers in density gradient media.

Abstract: Methods and a system for removing carbon nanotubes from a water stream are provided herein. The system includes a purification vessel, wherein the purification vessel is configured to form a carbon oxide from the carbon nanotubes within the water stream.

Abstract: A method and apparatus are disclosed which produce physical, chemical and/or biological non-local effect on a target substance through non-local processes mediated by quantum entanglement. In one broad embodiment, the apparatus includes a target substance, a first container holding said target substance; an originating substance, a second container holding said originating substance, said originating substance being quantum-entangled with said target substance; and a mean for manipulating said originating substance such that when said manipulation mean operates, said non-local effect is generated in said target substance through said non-local processes mediated by quantum entanglement.

Abstract: A method for the treatment of fluid including the step of exposing the fluid to a pulsed plasma discharge. The pulsed plasma discharge will be generated using a suitable electrode configuration to generate the plasma discharge in the fluid. Apparatus useful in the method may include a vessel, at least two electrodes for generating a plasma discharge in water, and a flow inlet and a flow outlet to allow water to be passed through the vessel. Also described is an in-line water treatment, where a pulsed plasma discharge is used in a pipe carrying moving water. Plasma based fluid treatment system may have many advantages in comparison to other treatment methods, such as very minimal maintenance, low operating power, and minimal pressure loss through the device.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for obtaining various components of a multi-component material. Generally, a component of a whole blood sample may be concentrated from a patient and re-introduced to the same patient. For example, a clotting component, such as thrombin, from a whole blood sample may be extracted and concentrated in an apparatus and collection to be reapplied or reintroduced into a patient.