Abstract: A method for carrying out endothermic or exothermic gas phase reactions by using a tube bundle reactor with a tube bundle of catalyst-filled reaction tubes comprises the following steps: a) Introducing a reaction gas mixture into the reaction tubes; b) Dividing-up of the reaction gas mixture flow flowing through each of the reaction tubes into at least two partial flows, each partial flow having the same composition; c) Feeding-in of each partial flow at a different point along the catalyst filling with an existing flow resistance; d) Determining the desired partial flow volume for each partial flow (V1, V2, V3, V4); e) Calculating the pressure at the point of the first division of the reaction gas mixture (9); f) Calculating the pressure in the catalyst filling (12) at the point of feeding-in of each partial flow (V1, V2, V3, V4); and g) Setting of flow resistance for each point of feeding-in in such a way that the flow resistance at the desired partial flow volume corresponds to the pressure difference bet

Abstract: A method for wet oxidation of organic material, characterized by the utilization of the heat generated by the oxidation of the pollutants that are present in a first preheated wastewater introduced at the base of the reactor in order to provide the energy sufficient to trigger the oxidation reaction in a second wastewater, which is introduced in a higher point with respect to the base of the reactor and has a temperature that is proximate to the ambient temperature and a high concentration of pollutants; and an apparatus adapted to provide this innovative wet oxidation method.

Abstract: A modular waste treatment system for substantially liquid waste streams and methods of treating liquid waste streams are disclosed. The modular waste treatment system includes a maceration chamber for initial treatment and homogenization of waste material; a metal ion infusion chamber in fluid flow communication with the maceration chamber for introducing metal ions into the waste material; and an oxidation chamber for wet oxidation of the waste stream.

Abstract: There is provided a process for purification treatment of wastewater containing an organic substance. There is provided a process for purification treatment of wastewater containing an organic substance by carrying out supercritical treatment or subcritical treatment, which comprises subjecting the wastewater to at least one solid-liquid separation pretreatment selected from separation treatment with a flocculant, sedimentation treatment, flotation treatment and filtration treatment; and then subjecting the wastewater to primary treatment as biological treatment; and subsequently purifying the wastewater by treatment including secondary treatment as supercritical treatment or subcritical treatment.

Abstract: A method and device for oxidization of materials in supercritical water. The method involves a) introducing a fluid containing water and an oxidizing agent in a ring-shaped area and through a first end of a substantially tube-shaped reactor comprising an external wall and an internal tube, b) heating the fluid in the ring-shaped area, c) introducing the heated fluid into the internal tube and simultaneously introducing material to be treated into said internal tube at a second end of the reactor, d) mixing the fluid and the material to be treated in a first portion of the internal tube, followed by cooling the obtained mixture in a second portion of the internal tube, and e) isobarically discharging the fluid/oxidized material from the internal tube of the reactor.

Abstract: A gravity pressure vessel (GPV) for processing a fluid stream containing organic materials provides several improvements to the art. In one embodiment, a GPV of the present invention sustains the heat energy requirements of a hydrolysis GPV by including therein, a first reaction chamber for conducting an exothermic reaction, and subsequently providing a second reaction chamber for hydrolysis of certain organic materials refractory to the exothermic reaction. Another embodiment provides for the perpetual cleaning of the heat transfer surfaces of the GPV. Still another embodiment provides for selective alteration of a hydrolysis reaction within a GPV independent of the flow of the fluid stream through the GPV.

Abstract: Supercritical water (SCW) systems and methods using the properties of supercritical water to allow a raw water stream including water and a contaminant to be purified. A supercritical water oxidation (SCWO), water purifier may generally include water and oxidizer (such as oxygen in air) pumping and mixing apparatus, a supercritical water reactor, and a system for separating the resultant purified water from other relatively harmless outputs of the supercritical water reactor.

Abstract: A method for use in two-components electrostatic image developers is disclosed, in which secure separation of a carrier coating resinous materials from a core magnetic material is achieved without affecting the properties of the core materials through process steps benign to the environment in super- or sub-critical water compositions under the conditions of a temperature of 300° C. or more and a pressure of 20 MPa. The core magnetic material is subsequently recycled for forming carrier. This method may also be useful for processing waste including magnetic materials with silicone resin coating.

Abstract: A method for starting up a system for oxidating organic bodies. The system includes a tubular body wherein an aqueous body is injected into the inlet thereof at a pressure P1 the tubular body having a first zone extending the inlet thereof, a second zone into which an oxidating compound can be injected into the output thereof. The inventive method includes the following steps: a first amount of thermal energy Q1 is provided in the first zone, the amount of thermal energy being able to raise the temperature of the liquid flowing through the tubular body from an initial temperature to a higher temperature T1; and a determined amount of a combustible mixture which can react at the intermediate temperature T1 in order to provide an amount of thermal energy Q2 bringing the temperature of the liquid to a reaction temperature T2 is injected.

Abstract: An apparatus for performing continuous flow chemical reactions such as oxidation, oxidative dehydrogenation and partial oxidation processes involving a reactor design characterized by controlled/optimized addition of a reactant with the objective of: (i) avoiding the explosion regime of the reactant mixture (e.g., hydrocarbon/oxidant mixture); (ii) maximizing the selectivity of the reaction to the desired product; (iii) limiting the reactor temperature gradient and therefore the threat of reaction runaway; and (iv) controlling the operating temperature of the reaction zone so that desirable temperature range is maintained over the entire zone.

Abstract: In a high pressure and high temperature reaction system suitable for oxidative waste treatment, particularly a reaction system for supercritical water oxidation (SCWO), a method is disclosed for injecting a first fluid of a first temperature at a first flow rate into a second fluid of a second temperature at a second flow rate, mixing the first and the second fluids within a mixing length (115, 215), and wherein the first and second temperatures and the first and second flow rates are selected such that a temperature of the mixed fluids downstream of said mixing length (115, 215) is obtained, at which said first fluid being substantially non-corrosive.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide a method for efficiently removing a metal from wastewater formed by subjecting the liquid waste to wet combustion treatment or wet oxidation treatment, said liquid waste resulting from an acrylic acid production process. Provided is a method for removing a metal from wastewater formed by subjecting at least a part of liquid waste to wet combustion treatment or wet oxidation treatment, said liquid waste resulting from an acrylic acid production process involving the steps of forming acrylic acid through catalytic vapor phase oxidation of at least one of propane, propylene, and acrolein, and purifying the acrylic acid through distillation, wherein the method comprises the steps of: (a) removing a solid content from the wastewater; (b) removing carbonate ions and carbonate salts from the treated liquid obtained by the step (a); and (c) removing a metal from the treated liquid from the step (b).

Abstract: A method for oxidizing organic matter contained in an aqueous effluent and an installation for implementing the method. The method comprises the following steps: injecting into a tubular body the aqueous effluent; bringing the aqueous effluent to a pressure P1, corresponding to the critical pressure of the aqueous effluent; bringing the aqueous effluent to a temperature T1; and injecting into the tubular body at n points spaced apart from one another, n fractions of at least an oxidizing composition, so that a portion of the thermal energy produced by the oxidation reaction increases the temperature of the reaction mixture from said temperature T1 to temperature T2>T1 according to an increasing curve, whereby the organic matter is oxidized, the reaction mixture continuously developing from a sub-critical liquid state to the supercritical domain.

Abstract: Microwave oven including an outer case forming a top and sides of a cabinet, a base plate forming a bottom of the cabinet, a front panel and a rear panel mounted in a front part and a rear part of the base plate for forming a front surface and a rear surface respectively, an inner case forming a cooking chamber on the base plate, first and second transformer mounted at corners of one side of the base plate, a fan above the second transformer for drawing external air, a fan motor connected to the fan for providing a driving power to the fan, a fan housing for protecting the fan, an air duct between the first and second transformers, having one end in communication with the fan housing and the other end branched to first and second branch ducts, and first and second magnetron on an outside surface of the inner case, the first and second magnetron connected to the first and second branch ducts respectively, thereby cooling various components of the microwave oven, smoothly.

Abstract: A process for wet oxidation of a waste stream containing organic carbon and organic or inorganic nitrogen-containing pollutants which comprises initially removing organic or inorganic nitrogen-containing pollutants using a nitrate salt of an aliphatic or aromatic amine as the denitrifying agent at a temperature from 180 to 300° C. and a pressure sufficient to maintain liquid phase conditions; and, then, effecting further removal of the organic carbon containing pollutant by treatment with activated carbon, chemical oxidation, or biotreatment.

Abstract: An integrated Fischer-Tropsch process provides methods for recovering reaction water from a Fischer-Tropsch reactor with minimal adverse environmental effects and with reduced costs compared to traditional methods. Reaction water, preferably separated from an overhead stream from a Fischer-Tropsch reactor, is vaporized and contaminants are thermally oxidized while in the vapor state. The thermal oxidation also produces flue gases, which flue gases may be condensed to recover water.

Abstract: A method and device for oxidization of materials in supercritical water. The method involves a) introducing a fluid containing water and an oxidizing agent in a ring-shaped area and through a first end of a substantially tube-shaped reactor comprising an external wall and an internal tube, b) heating the fluid in the ring-shaped area, c) introducing the heated fluid into the internal tube and simultaneously introducing material to be treated into said internal tube at a second end of the reactor, d) mixing the fluid and the material to be treated in a first portion of the internal tube, followed by cooling the obtained mixture in a second portion of the internal tube, and e) isobarically discharging the fluid/oxidized material from the internal tube of the reactor.

Abstract: A bioremediation method and system for destroying or reducing the level of contaminants in a contaminated subterranean body of water includes a plurality of spaced injection sites. The injection sites extend below ground and intersect a body of groundwater. Each of the plurality of injection sites are in communication with a supply of concentrated oxygen. The oxygen is conveyed by a delivery mechanism from the supply of oxygen to the injection points to naturally reduce the contaminants in the groundwater. The amount of oxygen delivered to the groundwater is maintained such that the amount of oxygen in the soil gas vapor is between 15% and 25%.

Abstract: The invention concerns a method for purifying aqueous effluents, in particular polluted water, by catalytic oxidation using a three-phase reactor comprising two communicating chambers. The invention is characterised in that it consists in: maintaining the catalyst suspended and continuously circulating it between the two chambers of said reactor, by entrainment under the effect of carrier gas injected into one of said chamber, and in oxidizing the pollutants in contact with the in the other chamber, by injecting a reactive oxidizing gas in said other chamber.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for starting up a system for oxidating organic bodies. Said system comprises a tubular body (10) wherein an aqueous body is injected into the inlet (12) thereof at a pressure P1, said tubular body (10) having a first zone (16) extending the inlet (12) thereof, a second zone (18) into which an oxidating compound can be injected into the output (14) thereof. The inventive method comprises the following steps: a first amount of thermal energy Q1 is provided in the first zone (16), said amount of thermal energy being able to raise the temperature of the liquid flowing through said tubular body (10) from an initial temperature to a higher temperature T1; and a determined amount of a combustible mixture which can react at said intermediate temperature T1 in order to provide an amount of thermal energy Q2 bringing the temperature of said liquid to a reaction temperature is injected.

Abstract: A continuous flow chemical reaction apparatus comprises a tubular reactor having a length and having a first fluid reactant inlet at a first end and a product outlet at a second end, said tubular reactor having a central tube/interior conduit extending lengthwise within said tubular reaction zone, said conduit having at least one injector within the length of said conduit, said injector capable of introducing a controlled amount of a second fluid reactant into said tubular reactor.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide a method for efficiently removing a metal from wastewater formed by subjecting the liquid waste to wet combustion treatment or wet oxidation treatment, said liquid waste resulting from an acrylic acid production process.

Abstract: A method for treating a waste stream, the method including the steps of providing a waste stream that includes waste solids suspended in water, feeding the waste stream to the top of a hydraulic downdraft column, conducting the waste stream to the bottom of the hydraulic downdraft column, conducting the waste steam to a first reaction zone, introducing nitrogen-containing oxides into the first reaction zone so that the waste stream is contacted with the nitrogen-containing oxides, conducting the waste stream up a hydraulic updraft column into a second reaction zone, where the second reaction zone is configured to provide sufficient time so that a reaction between the nitrogen-containing oxides and waste solids can take place and substantially consume the nitrogen-containing oxides, introducing oxygen gas into the waste steam after the nitrogen-containing oxides are substantially consumed, thereby providing a second reactant that reacts with waste solids suspended within the stream, conducting the stream to th

Abstract: This invention is providing a method for efficient treatment of the waste material from a process for production of acrylic acid and an acrylic ester. This is a method for the disposal of waste material, which at least one waste material selected from the group consisting of waste oil, waste water, and waste gas emitted from a process for production of acrylic acid is/are purified with at least one waste material selected from the group consisting of waste oil, waste water, and waste gas emitted from a process for production of an acrylic ester jointly. The efficiency of the treatment is enhanced by simultaneously treating the waste material from an adjoining process for the productions each other.

Abstract: A system and method for treating feedstocks containing solids, sludges or slurries that contain organics includes introducing the feedstock into a desorption chamber. In the desorption chamber, the temperature and pressure of the feedstock are elevated to volatilize a portion of the feedstock and thereby separate the feedstock into a volatile portion containing organics and a residue portion. Steam, water or oxidants can be injected into the desorption chamber to aid in the volatilization process. From the desorption chamber, the volatile portion of the feedstock is transferred to a reactor for hydrothermal treatment to oxidize or reform the organics in the volatile portion. In the hydrothermal reactor, the volatile portion may be reacted with excess oxidant and auxiliary fuel at a temperature between approximately 1000° F. and approximately 1800° F. and a pressure of between approximately 20 atmospheres and approximately 200 atmospheres.

Abstract: In addition to the contactor and reactor arrangement (10, 83), a hydrothermal treatment system (60) includes an effluent stream splitting arrangement (86) for receiving hydrothermal reaction effluent and splitting this effluent to produce two separate effluent streams. These separated effluent streams are used to heat at least a water stream and first reactant material stream before these streams are injected into the contactor and reactor arrangement (10, 83). A first split effluent heat exchange arrangement (81) places one split effluent stream in a heat exchange relationship with the water input to the contactor and reactor arrangement (10, 83). A second split effluent heat exchange arrangement (79, 80) places the other split effluent stream in a heat exchange relationship with both the first reactant material and the water input to the contactor and reactor arrangement (10, 83).

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for drying wood, characterized in that it comprises a pressurizing step to place a sealed chamber (1) under a predetermined pressure by injecting or generating saturating steam and maintaining this pressure for a predetermined time interval, while ensuring a forced circulation of air and saturating steam within the chamber, a heating step to heat the wood core and central zone of the wood pieces by emitting microwaves at frequencies ranging between 400 and 2450 MHz, an evacuation step to carry away the liquid exudates from the wood when run down to the bottom of the chamber (1) where they are collected.

Abstract: A method for treating a waste stream, the method including the steps of providing a waste stream that includes waste solids suspended in water, feeding the waste stream to the top of a hydraulic downdraft column, conducting the waste stream to the bottom of the hydraulic downdraft column, conducting the waste steam to a first reaction zone, introducing nitrogen-containing oxides into the first reaction zone so that the waste stream is contacted with the nitrogen-containing oxides, conducting the waste stream up a hydraulic updraft column into a second reaction zone, where the second reaction zone is configured to provide sufficient time so that a reaction between the nitrogen-containing oxides and waste solids can take place and substantially consume the nitrogen-containing oxides, introducing oxygen gas into the waste steam after the nitrogen-containing oxides are substantially consumed, thereby providing a second reactant that reacts with waste solids suspended within the stream, conducting the stream to th

Abstract: The invention concerns a method for oxidising organic matter contained in an aqueous effluent and an installation for implementing said method. Said method comprises the following steps: injecting into a tubular body said aqueous effluent; bringing said aqueous effluent to a pressure P1, corresponding to the critical pressure of said aqueous effluent; bringing said aqueous effluent to a temperature T1; and injecting into said tubular body at n points spaced apart from one another, n fractions of at least an oxidising composition, so that a portion of the thermal energy produced by the oxidation reaction increases the temperature of the reaction mixture from said temperature T1 to temperature T2>T1 according to an increasing curve, whereby said organic matter is oxidised, said reaction mixture continuously developing from a sub-critical liquid state to the supercritical domain.

Abstract: A method of mixing two or more dissimilar fluids such a gas and a liquid is provided. The method includes the steps of introducing one fluid into the other to form a mixture, inducing cavitation in the mixture to reduce at least one of the fluids to a large number of relatively small units, and distributing the small units uniformly throughout the mixture. In a preferred embodiment, the step of inducing cavitation comprises introducing the mixture into a chamber having a rotating disk formed with a plurality of irregularities such as bores. The irregularities on the rotating disk induce cavitation in the mixture. The cavitation also breaks down van der Waals attractions within the mixture to enhance mixing.

Abstract: A method of sulfidation removal of zinc using hydrogen sulfide is provided, desirably at a temperature at 60° C. or lower, wherein in a container that is pressurized at 0.1 MPa or less with respect to atmospheric pressure, by making the pH of the solution 1.5 to 4.0, and the concentration of hydrogen sulfide in gas 2 volume % or greater in equilibrium with the hydrogen sulfide dissolved in the solution, the zinc in solution is removed by sulfidation to 1 mg/liter or less.

Abstract: A method for stabilizing chromium in a chromium-contaminated waste matrix characterized by high concentrations of alkaline material (such as lime) includes the steps of contacting a source of hexavalent chromium with a source of ferrous ions to produce ferric ions; oxidizing iron pyrite to produce ferrous sulfate and sulfuric acid; and contacting the alkaline chromium-contaminated particulate matter with the ferrous sulfate and the sulfuric acid for a time sufficient to convert ferrous sulfate into ferric sulfate and to reduce mobile hexavalent chromium to non-leachable trivalent chromium. The method is integrated in that ferrous sulfate produced by oxidizing iron pyrite serves as a source of ferrous ions in the first contacting step.

Abstract: The present invention provides a PCB decomposing apparatus capable of decomposing PCB efficiently. The PCB decomposing apparatus comprises a PCB extracting container for extracting PCB from a PCB-containing material with an organic solvent. A distilling tower provided on the downstream side of the PCB extracting container distills the organic solvent to separate the PCB. A primary reactor provided on the downstream side of the distilling tower includes a nozzle for supplying aqueous Na2CO3 solution and a nozzle for supplying an oxidizing agent into the container. A liquid cyclone provided on the downstream side of the primary reactor can remove Na2CO3 having a large particle size. A secondary reactor formed by a long pipe is connected to the liquid cyclone. A gas-liquid separator provided on the further downstream side of the secondary reactor can separate a gas from a solution.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for extracting the natural juice of ligneous plant material, a device for carrying out said method and the use of said method in the production of dried ligneous plant material. The method for extracting the natural juice of ligneous plant material comprises the following: a pressurization step in which a sealed enclosure containing the plant material is pressurized, whereby the pressure thereof is greater than that of the atmosphere; a stage in which saturating water vapor is created or injected; a stage in which the plant material is heated to the core by means of electromagnetic waves; a step in which the liquid exudates from said plant material are gravitationally recovered.

Abstract: A system and method for performing hydrothermal treatment includes a scraper formed as a hollow cylinder. The scraper is positioned in the reactor vessel with the scraper axis substantially co-linear with the longitudinal axis of the cylindrical reactor vessel. A mechanism is provided to rotate the scraper about the longitudinal axis of the reactor vessel. One or more elongated scraper bars are positioned inside the reactor vessel between the scraper and the longitudinal axis of the reactor vessel. Each scraper bar may be held stationary with respect to the reactor vessel, or each scraper bar may rotated relative to an axis passing through the scraper bar to remove any solids that have accumulated on the scraper or on the scraper bar. To prevent accumulation of precipitating solids on the scraper bar itself, each scraper bar may have internal cooling channels or the capability of releasing a purging fluid.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for converting chemical structures, that is to say a process for the conducting of chemical reactions in a fluid under pressure and at temperature in a supercritical fluid in particular, containing a solvent and at least one electrolyte such as a salt, in which reactive species are generated in situ by electrolysis. According to the invention, the fluid flows upwards in a reservoir reactor crossing through a first lower electrolysis zone with high salt solubility and a second upper zone in which the salts precipitate, then the fluid free of salt is evacuated at the upper part of said reservoir reactor and directed into a second tubular reactor to reach the desired stage of advancement of the conversion.

Abstract: A process for wet oxidation of a waste stream containing organic carbon and organic or inorganic nitrogen-containing pollutants which comprises initially removing organic or inorganic nitrogen-containing pollutants using a nitrate salt of an aliphatic or aromatic amine as the denitrifying agent at a temperature from 180 to 300° C. and a pressure sufficient to maintain liquid phase conditions; and, then, effecting further removal of the organic carbon containing pollutant by treatment with activated carbon, chemical oxidation, or biotreatment.

Abstract: A system for processing organic material to produce energy includes a reactor vessel for hydrothermally treating the organic material with water to produce an effluent. In the reactor vessel, the organic material is gasified to produce an effluent containing combustible gases, steam, particulates, salts and corrosive species. The effluent is passed to a heat exchanger for cooling to a temperature sufficient to condense any water vapor in the effluent. The cooled effluent is subsequently separated into a relatively clean gaseous portion and a residual portion containing the condensed water, particulates, salts, and other corrosive species. The gaseous portion is fed into the combustion chamber of a gas turbine, along with air, to produce energy. The heat extracted from the effluent and the waste heat from the gas turbine can be used to preheat the organic material before hydrothermal treatment or to drive a steam turbine.

Abstract: A system and method for treating feedstocks containing solids, sludges or slurries that contain organics includes introducing the feedstock into a desorption chamber. In the desorption chamber, the temperature and pressure of the feedstock are elevated to volatilize a portion of the feedstock and thereby separate the feedstock into a volatile portion containing organics and a residue portion. Steam, water or oxidants can be injected into the desorption chamber to aid in the volatilization process. From the desorption chamber, the volatile portion of the feedstock is transferred to a reactor for hydrothermal treatment to oxidize or reform the organics in the volatile portion. In the hydrothermal reactor, the volatile portion may be reacted with excess oxidant and auxiliary fuel at a temperature between approximately 1000° F. and approximately 1800° F. and a pressure of between approximately 20 atmospheres and approximately 200 atmospheres.

Abstract: It is proposed the method of utilizing organic waste continuously fed to a closed-type reactor, wherein said waste are subjected to pyrolysis resulting in the formation of a steam-and-gas mix and a solid residue, said residue being distributed along the reactor length and withdrawn at the outlet thereof in which due to the possibility of repeated recirculation of heavy liquid fractions interacting with a solid residue in the reactor, it would be possible to achieve a required extent of thermal decomposition of products inside the reactor, and to produce a final product having a preset mass at the reactor outlet.

Abstract: Heated and pressurized reactant material is caused to come into contact with oxidant in an initial contact zone (Z) within a contactor. vessel (11). This initial contact zone is removed from the walls of the vessel and the structure through which the reactant material is introduced into the vessel. Once in the contactor vessel (11), the temperature of the reactant material is elevated to critical temperature or near critical temperature in at least portions of the initial contact zone. Sulfates and similar ions liberated in the oxidation reaction form salts and precipitate from solution generally in. the initial contact. zone removed from the contactor vessel walls and then tend not to adhere to equipment at points downstream from the initial contact zone.

Abstract: An arrangement for treating flora and fauna waste such as garbage under subcritical pressure and temperature. A slurry preparation unit (10) mixes the flora and fauna waste (11) with water (12) and sodium hydroxide (13) to prepare a slurry. A diaphragm pump (16) then pressurizes the slurry to subcritical pressure of water (20 Mpa). Subsequently, a hydrothermal reaction tube (25) heats the pressurized slurry to cause hydrothermal reaction in a subcritical condition thereby obtaining dissolved waste. The dissolved waste is depressurized and fed to an oxidization unit (22) for oxidation.

Abstract: A method of decomposing wastes containing target compounds having one or more of hydrolyzable bonds of ether bond, ester bond, amide bond and isocyanate bond wherein the method comprises continuously supplying the wastes in a molten state or liquid state to a reactor, continuously supplying super-critical water or high pressure/high temperature water to the reactor, bringing the water into contact with the wastes, thereby decomposing the target compounds and then recovering them as raw material compounds or derivatives thereof for the target compounds. Target compounds contained in wastes in chemical plants which could not be utilized but merely incinerated or discarded so far are continuously decomposed into raw material compounds or derivatives thereof for the aimed compound and can be reutilized effectively.

Abstract: The invention is a process for treating waste slurry generated in the electric furnace production of phosphorus in which a superatmospheric reactor is operated at an elevated temperature to destroy cyanides, phosphorus, and phosphides present in the waste. The process transforms wastes from the phosphorus electric furnace process into non-hazardous solid, liquid, and gaseous wastes that meet environmental regulatory requirements regarding solids for phosphorous, cyanide, phosphine and cyanide flux, and TCLP metals, and regarding the filtrate for UTS metals.

Abstract: The invention concerns a process and a device for supercritical wet oxidation of a waste mixture containing particles comprised of organic and inorganic components. In the invention, the waste material mixture is introduced into a vessel (2), which is continuously flowed through by water in the direction counter to gravity, and that a near critical or supercritical condition exists. The flow velocity is so selected, that the particles are kept in suspension, however are not transported in the direction of flow, thereby forming a turbulence layer (30) having an upper boundary. Solids present in the water are discharged and fluid, which is located above the upper limit (32) of the turbulence layer, is continuously removed from the vessel.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for treating waste water including the steps of: oxidizing the waste water, and then treating the oxidized waste water with a reverse osmosis membrane having high salt rejection rate. By being treated with the reverse osmosis membrane, the waste water is separated into a impermeated liquid which contains a oxidizable substance, and a permeated liquid which contains almost no oxidizable substance.

Abstract: A single step wet oxidation process for treating wastewaters containing organic species, with or without heteroatoms, and anions of strong acids, e.g. sulfate or phosphate ion, or cations of strong bases, e.g., sodium, potassium or calcium ions, and which may contain ammonium ion and/or nitrate ion in addition to added ammonium ion and/or nitrate ion was developed which on thermal treatment near the critical temperature of water removes substantially all the COD and nitrogen through conversion to water, carbon dioxide or carbonate species, nitrogen gas and small amounts of nitrous oxide. Key to the success of the process is the balancing of all reducing species with an equivalent amount of oxidizing species and the balancing of all strong acid anions with strong base cations and including at least 0.06 acetate ion for moles of nitrate in the wet oxidation process.

Abstract: A single step wet oxidation process for treating wastewaters containing organic species, with or without heteroatoms, and anions of strong acids, e.g. sulfate or phosphate ion, or cations of strong bases, e.g., sodium, potassium or calcium ions, and which may contain ammonium ion and/or nitrate ion in addition to added ammonium ion and/or nitrate ion was developed which on thermal treatment near the critical temperature of water removes substantially all the COD and nitrogen through conversion to water, carbon dioxide or carbonate species, nitrogen gas and small amounts of nitrous oxide. Key to the success of the process is the balancing of all reducing species with an equivalent amount of oxidizing species and the balancing of all strong acid anions with strong base cations and including at least 0.06 acetate ion for moles of nitrate in the wet oxidation process.

Abstract: A process for the treatment of aqueous waste streams having a pH of 5 to 11 and containing organoboron compounds of the formula R4B−1M+ with hydrogen peroxide in order to convert such organoboron compounds to boric acid and organic compounds.

Abstract: A single step wet oxidation process for treating wastewaters containing organic species, with or without heteroatoms, and anions of strong acids, e.g. sulfate or phosphate ion, or cations of strong bases, e.g., sodium, potassium or calcium ions, and which may contain ammonium ion and/or nitrate ion in addition to added ammonium ion and/or nitrate ion was developed which on thermal treatment near the critical temperature of water removes substantially all the COD and nitrogen through conversion to water, carbon dioxide or carbonate species, nitrogen gas and small amounts of nitrous oxide. Key to the success of the process is the balancing of all reducing species with an equivalent amount of oxidizing species and the balancing of all strong acid anions with strong base cations. The former ensures good removal of organic species, ammonium ion and nitrate ion. The latter ensures maintaining the pH in the range of from 1.