Abstract: The apparatus of the present invention includes a molten metal vessel system for casting molten metal, the system comprising: (a) a vessel containing a molten metal adapted to contain and dispense the molten metal for casting, the vessel having interior surfaces and the molten metal forming an upper surface; (b) a submerged entry nozzle extending below the upper surface; and (c) a surface and/or a submerged flow modifier member disposed between at least one of the interior surfaces and the submerged entry nozzle. The surface and/or submerged flow modifiers work to impede the formation of waves in the upper surface of the molten metal. The present invention also includes a method for improving the quality of a continuous casting process.

Abstract: A molten metal supply system (90) includes a plurality of injectors (100) each having an injector housing (102) and a reciprocating piston (104). A molten metal supply source (132) is in fluid communication with the housing (102) of each of the injectors (100). The piston (104) is movable through a return stroke allowing molten metal (134) to be received into the housing (102) from the molten metal supply source (132), and a displacement stroke for displacing the molten metal (134) from the housing (102). A pressurized gas supply source (144) is in fluid communication with the housing (102) of each of the injectors (100) through respective gas control valves (146). The gas supply source (144) is used to pressurize a space formed between the molten metal (134) and the piston (104) during the return stroke of the piston (104) of each of the injectors (100).

Abstract: An injector (100) for a molten metal supply system includes an injector housing (102) configured to contain molten metal. A molten metal supply source (132) is in fluid communication with the housing (102). A piston (104) extends into the housing (102). The piston (102) is movable through a return stroke allowing molten metal (134) to be received into the housing (102) from the molten metal supply source (132), and a displacement stroke for displacing the molten metal (134) from the housing (102). A gas supply source (144) is in fluid communication with the housing (102) through a gas control valve (146). The gas supply source (144) is used to pressurize a space (148) formed between the molten metal (134) and the piston (104) during the return stroke of the piston (104) such that when the piston (104) moves through the displacement stroke a compressed gas filled space is formed.

Abstract: An immersion nozzle for steel continuous casting has two delivery ports opposing each other and has one or more bore reduced portions above the delivery ports in a bore. A bore reduced portion closest to the delivery ports has an elliptical horizontal section, with an elongate direction of the ellipse nearly parallel with a direction of the delivery ports. The bore elliptic reduced portion may include another bore reduced portion second closest to the delivery port, wherein a lower end surface of the bore elliptic reduced portion closest to the delivery port can be 0.3H-2H of a delivery port height H of from an upper end of the delivery port, the spacing to the upper bore elliptic reduced portion being 0.3D-2D of a diameter D of the bore, and moreover a length of each bore reduced portion being 0.5D-5D.

Abstract: Apparatus for pouring of molten metal from a vessel onto the gating system of a mold includes a shield assembly that diverts any abnormal flow of molten metal occurring between normal flow of molten metal onto the gating system when molds are indexed for pouring. The shield assembly protects sensitive components of the mold, such as the gating and casting patterns in a lost foam casting process, from abnormal flow of molten metal.

Abstract: An apparatus for controlling the flow of material, such as molten metal, from a container is disclosed. The apparatus includes a first closing element for the outlet from the container, a support system for the first element, an actuator system for moving the support system and first element, a fixed support frame for mounting the support system and first element, and a bearing system between the fixed support frame and the support system to facilitate movement of the support system relative to the fixed support frame. The bearing system comprises one or more contact surfaces between a component of the support framework and a component of the support system, at least one of the components providing a contacting surface capable of rotation.

Abstract: An apparatus for manufacturing solder balls including a tundish, a vibrator, a cooling liquid tank an inactive atmospheric chamber, a molten metal receiving tray, a ball collecting barrel, and a cooling liquid reservoir. The tundish has orifices at its bottom. The vibrator is immersed in the molten metal of the tundish and generates vibrations. The cooling liquid tank is situated under the tundish and is provided with a cooling liquid heater at its upper and middle outer surface, a cooling liquid cooler at its lower outer surface, and a cooling liquid discharge conduit at its top. The inactive atmospheric chamber is interposed between the bottom of the tundish and the op surface of the cooling liquid. The molten metal receiving tray is seated on a portion of the inactive atmospheric chamber and is horizontally movable.

Abstract: An apparatus for producing fine metal balls comprising a crucible 3 for holding a metal melt and equipped with orifices 2 for ejecting the metal melt; a vibration rod 6 for giving vibration to the melt 1 held in the crucible 3; a vibrator 4 for giving vibration to the vibration rod 6; a means 5 for transmitting the vibration of the vibrator 4 to the vibration rod 6; and a chamber 7 in which melt droplets 9 ejected through the orifices 2 are solidified while dropping, the vibration-transmitting means 5 having one end in contact with the vibrator 4 and the other end abutting a support member 11 connected to the vibration rod 6; the vibration-transmitting means 5 having a cross section decreasing as it nears the support member 11.

Abstract: An impact pad for receiving a stream of liquid metal having a bottom wall with an upper surface against which said liquid metal is intended to impact, a side wall extending in an upward direction along the periphery of the bottom wall, and an annular wall extending inwardly from the side wall. The annular wall, together with the bottom wall and side wall define a metal receiving chamber having an opening through the annular wall. An upward extending collar wall extends along the periphery of the impact pad above the throat opening. The collar wall has a contoured inner surface merging with an upper surface on the annular wall.

Abstract: The apparatus of the present invention includes a molten metal vessel system for casting molten metal, the system comprising: (a) a vessel containing a molten metal adapted to contain and dispense the molten metal for casting, the vessel having interior surfaces and the molten metal forming an upper surface; (b) a submerged entry nozzle extending below the upper surface; and (c) a surface flow modifier member disposed between at least one of the interior surfaces and the submerged entry nozzle, and in sufficient proximity to the upper surface of the molten metal so as to impede the formation of waves in the upper surface of the molten metal. The present invention also includes a method of providing a flow of molten metal for continuous casting.

Abstract: A molten metal supply system (90) includes a plurality of injectors (100) each having an injector housing (102) and a reciprocating piston (104). A molten metal supply source (132) is in fluid communication with the housing (102) of each of the injectors (100). The piston (104) is movable through a return stroke allowing molten metal (134) to be received into the housing (102) from the molten metal supply source (132), and a displacement stroke for displacing the molten metal (134) from the housing (102). A pressurized gas supply source (144) is in fluid communication with the housing (102) of each of the injectors (100) through respective gas control valves (146). The gas supply source (144) is used to pressurize a space formed between the molten metal (134) and the piston (104) during the return stroke of the piston (104) of each of the injectors (100).

Abstract: The invention relates to an alkaline (basic), refractory ceramic hollow item.

Abstract: A tundish of improved flow characteristics for molten metal has an outlet in its base. The outlet is spaced longitudinally of the tundish from a pour zone. The pour zone is positioned to receive a stream of molten steel from a ladle. An impact pad is provided on the floor of the tundish in the pour zone, the impact pad comprising a base having an impact surface, an upwardly extending side wall along the periphery of the base, the side wall having an inner surface with an undercut portion to face the incoming steel stream, and the undercut portion having a surface shape to receive and reverse the direction of flow of the incoming stream. A dam is positioned between the impact pad and the outlet. The dam has one or more holes to allow through-passage of a proportion of the steel, and the dam extends upwardly from the tundish floor about 40-60% of the height of the uppermost level of steel in the tundish.

Abstract: A soldering gun, a solder pellet having a predetermined amount of solder, solder pellet dispensing wheel, kit related thereto and method of soldering is provided herein. The present invention provides a device for dispensing solder that includes a dispensing wheel that has a plurality of radially disposed dispensing wheel solder pellet retaining compartments. The compartments are sized to accommodate a predetermined size, single application solder pellet. The kit for dispensing solder comprises at least two of a fine solder pellet dispensing wheel having a plurality of fine solder pellets, a medium solder pellet dispensing wheel having a plurality of medium solder pellets, or a thick solder pellet dispensing wheel having a plurality of thick solder pellets. The kit also includes a portable, hand held, soldering device mating with the solder dispensing wheel.

Abstract: A casting furnace for continuous casting of magnesium comprises a furnace body divided into at least two compartments by at least one vertical weir. Inside each compartment, an upper layer of molten magnesium is in contact with a lower layer of a liquid heating medium, preferably a molten salt. The top of the weir is situated below a maximum level of the molten magnesium in the furnace. The weir is free of openings between its top and the magnesium/salt interface. The molten magnesium from primary (electrolytic) production or an alloy preparation furnace is introduced into a feed compartment of the furnace through a discharge pipe having means to direct the magnesium horizontally along the magnesium/salt interface, thereby minimizing intermixing of the magnesium and salt layer.

Abstract: An injector (100) for a molten metal supply system includes an injector housing (102) configured to contain molten metal. A molten metal supply source (132) is in fluid communication with the housing (102). A piston (104) extends into the housing (102). The piston (102) is movable through a return stroke allowing molten metal (134) to be received into the housing (102) from the molten metal supply source (132), and a displacement stroke for displacing the molten metal (134) from the housing (102). A gas supply source (144) is in fluid communication with the housing (102) through a gas control valve (146). The gas supply source (144) is used to pressurize a space (148) formed between the molten metal (134) and the piston (104) during the return stroke of the piston (104) such that when the piston (104) moves through the displacement stroke a compressed gas filled space is formed.

Abstract: A molten metal treatment furnace (10) with metal treatment and level control includes a heating chamber (12) for containing and heating a supply of molten metal (60), a pump (22) connected to the heating chamber (12), a molten metal treatment chamber (16, 18) located at the outlet of the pump (22), and a dosing chamber (40) located downstream and in fluid communication with the molten metal treatment chamber (16, 18). A trough (44) is connected to the dosing chamber (40) for supplying the molten metal (60) to a downstream process. A molten metal level sensor (66) is located in the dosing chamber (40). The pump (22) is a variable speed pump having a pump inlet (24) connected to the heating chamber (12) and configured to pump the molten metal (60) through the furnace (10) during operation. The molten metal level sensor (66) is connected to the pump (22) for providing a pump speed control signal to the pump (22).

Abstract: A dosing furnace (10) with metal treatment and level control includes a holding chamber (12) for containing a supply of molten metal (50), a pump (22) connected to the holding chamber (12), a molten metal treatment chamber (16, 18) located at an outlet (26) of the pump (22), and a dosing chamber (40) located downstream and in fluid communication with the molten metal treatment chamber (16, 18). A molten metal level sensor (56) is located in the dosing chamber (40). The pump (22) is a variable speed pump having a pump inlet (24) connected to the holding chamber (12) and configured to pump the molten metal (50) through the dosing furnace (10) during operation. The molten metal level sensor (56) is connected to the pump (22) for providing a pump speed control signal to the pump (22).

Abstract: The invention relates to a refractory plate (1) for a slide gate valve, having a pouring hole (3), circumscribed by a circle C of center (4), at least a portion of the edges (15, 16, 17, 18) of the plate (1) are angularly oriented so as to focus the clamping forces optimally in the throttling area and around the pouring hole.

Abstract: An immersion nozzle which comprises a twisted tape-shaped part (1) for allowing a flow of molten steel to swirl in the nozzle. This part is applicable to both of straight pipe type and double port type immersion nozzles, and a double port type immersion nozzle (12) is constructed to be bottomless to eliminate a problem associated with inclusions that may attached to bottom surface. Further, in the immersion nozzle, an inner wall surface of a discharge port is shaped to be arcuately divergent in longitudinal cross section, whereby the quality of cast pieces are further enhanced. When the immersion nozzle additionally includes a construction (15) for blowing a gas into a flow of molten steel which is made by the twisted tape-shaped part to swirl, effects of catching, carrying and floating inclusions are further enhanced.

Abstract: A pour tube for use in the continuous casting of a stream of molten metal has a bore comprising a plurality of fluidly connected sections that improve the flow of molten metal through the bore. The sections reduce asymmetric flow of the molten metal stream and the likelihood of precipitates clogging the bore. Each section comprises a converging portion and a diverging portion. The converging portion deflects the stream toward the center of the bore, while the diverging portion diffuses the stream. The sections may comprise a plurality of frusto-conical sections. The cross-sectional areas of the sections may increase, decrease, or remain the same size from an upstream to a downstream position.

Abstract: Apparatus, system and method precisely, quickly control flow of molten metal to metal-casting apparatus by pumping, braking or throttling. The Faraday-Ampère principle of current flow in a unidirectional magnetic field is employed. Permanent magnets comprising neodymium or similar high-energy, rare-earth materials provide “reach-out” magnetism. These neo-magnets, usually shown as cubes, are arranged in various powerful configurations driving intense unidirectional magnetic field B across a non-magnetic gap many times larger than economically feasible otherwise. This gap accommodates a conduit for pressurizing and moving a flow of molten metal. In making multiple identical castings, a controlled, intermittent, predetermined flow of molten metal is fed to a series of identical individual molds. The invention obviates needs for operating metallurgical valves or expensive tilting mechanisms for metallurgical furnaces.

Abstract: A method and a casting nozzle for starting the casting of a metal strip close its final dimensions. The method includes leading a melt via a melt-feed vessel into a pouring chamber of a siphon vessel. The melt from the pouring chamber is led onto a cooled transport belt via casting nozzle and a main chamber of the siphon vessel which can be put under vacuum. The pouring chamber and the main chamber of the siphon vessel are filled with the melt up to a top of the siphon. Before the melt flows over the top of the siphon a vacuum is induced in the main chamber by actuating a vacuum device connected to the main chamber. After the melt has flowed over the top of the siphon the melt stream is led through the casting nozzle so that the nozzle cross-section closes in the manner of a plug. The vacuum is increased depending on position of the plug in the casting nozzle until there is in the melt stream a hydraulic connection between the steam inlet and the stream outlet.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing metal structures in which minute drops of a liquid metal are emitted from an acoustic device through an inert gas. The presence of the inert gas at the surface of the liquid metal prevent the formation of an oxide skin which would absorb acoustic energy and hinder droplet formation and emission. The droplets are then emitted towards a substrate, which may form as a carrier, where they may be used to form solder bumps, circuit traces, or accreted to form a three dimensional device.

Abstract: To provide a jet solder feeding device enabling the prevention of poor wetting of a substrate and molten solder which may occur due to gas or air accumulated under the bottom surface of a substrate when the substrate is conveyed to the point where it is fed with molten solder. The jet solder feeding device is designed in such a manner that multiple ejecting ports are provided in more than one rows relative to the substrate-conveying direction and arranged at a second prescribed pitch in lines substantially along multiple inclined lines which are inclined to the substrate-conveying direction and arranged at a first prescribed pitch relative to the direction perpendicular to the substrate-conveying direction, the first prescribed pitch being set to be larger than the second prescribed pitch, so that a flow of molten solder passing through midway between groups of the ejecting ports is positively created.

Abstract: The present invention provides a feeder of molten metal for moulds of continuous casting machines comprising a cylindrical body (1) within which a main outflow duct (5) of the molten metal coming from the tundish is formed to which the cylindrical body (1) is connected by means of a frustoconical joint (2), formed integrally with the cylindrical body (1) at the upper end thereof, characterized in that the free end (3) of the cylindrical body (1) is of substantially frustopyramid shape and has a plurality of outlets (7, 8, 9, 10, 11) communicating with the main outflow duct (5).

Abstract: An apparatus for manufacturing solder balls including a tundish, a vibrator, a cooling liquid tank an inactive atmospheric chamber, a molten metal receiving tray, a ball collecting barrel, and a cooling liquid reservoir. The tundish has orifices at its bottom. The vibrator is immersed in the molten metal of the tundish and generates vibrations. The cooling liquid tank is situated under the tundish and is provided with a cooling liquid heater at its upper and middle outer surface, a cooling liquid cooler at its lower outer surface, and a cooling liquid discharge conduit at its top. The inactive atmospheric chamber is interposed between the bottom of the tundish and the op surface of the cooling liquid. The molten metal receiving tray is seated on a portion of the inactive atmospheric chamber and is horizontally movable.

Abstract: An immersion nozzle of a metallurgic vessel which is arranged upstream of a continuous casting mold and which is constructed as a single-piece structural component part and has, in the mouth area, a slit-shaped pour-out opening whose length is several times greater than its width. The immersion nozzle has a cylindrical shape with a circular, oval, or bone-shaped cross-sectional shape, and the slit-shaped pour-out opening is constructed as a continuous slit extending in the base and the side wall of the cylindrical part of the immersion nozzle.

Abstract: Method for manufacturing solder balls is disclosed. The apparatus comprises a tundish, a vibrator, a cooling liquid tank, an inactive atmospheric chamber, a molten metal receiving tray, a ball collecting barrel and a cooling liquid reservoir. The tundish has orifices at its bottom. The vibrator is immersed in the molten metal of the tundish and generates vibrations. The cooling liquid tank is situated under the tundish and is provided with a cooling liquid heater at its upper and middle outer surface and a cooling liquid cooler at its lower outer surface. The inactive atmospheric chamber is interposed between the bottom of the tundish and the top surface of the cooling liquid. The molten metal receiving tray is seated on a portion of the inactive atmospheric chamber and is horizontally movable. The ball collecting barrel is positioned under the cooling liquid tank and is provided with a cut-off valve at its top, a ball removing valve at its bottom and a cooling liquid supply conduit at its upper portion.

Abstract: A pressure tube includes a central tube section (10), an intake tube section (12) and a flared tube section (14). Flared tube section (14) includes a flange ring (54) with a shell (64) secured thereto. A contact ring (76) is received in an annular recess (82) of flange ring (54). Alternatively, a flared tube section (90) has an outer circumferential surface (96) that cooperates with a conical flange ring (110) that has an inner conical surface (114). The flange rings (54, 110) engage a flange (86) in the dome (85) of a pressure vessel.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing metal structures in which minute drops of a liquid metal are emitted from an acoustic device through an inert gas. The presence of the inert gas at the surface of the liquid metal prevent the formation of an oxide skin which would absorb acoustic energy and hinder droplet formation and emission. The droplets are then emitted towards a substrate, which may form as a carrier, where they may be used to form solder bumps, circuit traces, or accreted to form a three dimensional device.

Abstract: This invention relates to a submerged entry nozzle for use in a continuous casting process, which includes a main body portion 11 formed by an AG refractory material; an internal hole portion 12 made of a graphite-less refractory material which contains 90 wt % or more of a spinel, with a total content of other components being 10 wt % or less; portions 13 surrounding the discharge openings, which are formed by a graphite-containing refractory material containing 5 to 35 wt % of a graphite, 65 wt % or more of a spinel (MgO—Al2O3), with a total content of other components being 10 wt % or less; and a powder line portion 14 formed by a ZrO2—C refractory material. The present submerged entry nozzle is suitable for use in casting various types of steel such as high concentration oxygen-containing steel, high concentration Mn-containing steel, Ca-treated steel, and stainless steel.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for transferring liquid metal, in particular steel, between an upstream container and a downstream container through a tapping spout of a set of refractory assemblies. The assemblies include at least one mating surface having a shroud channel surrounding the tapping spout. The process includes injecting inert gas and, when desired or necessary, a sealing agent into the shroud channel. The sealing agent is adapted to seal leaks in the shroud channel, thereby reducing aspiration of air into the liquid metal.

Abstract: There is provided a filtration and distribution device for a molten metal, which is in the form of a bag having parts made of a solid heat-resistant fabric and open areas made of an open weave heat-resistant fabric. At least some of the parts made of the solid heat-resistant fabric are replaced by rigid parts made of a moldable or thermo-formable composite consisting of an open weave heat-resistant fabric embedded into a matrix made of a heat-resistant inorganic material compatible with the open weave heat-resistant fabric. Preferably, the open weave heat-resistant fabric forming the open areas of the bag, is made of yarns that are rigidified and protected by application thereto of a heat-resistant coating. This coating is preferably made of a heat-resistant inorganic material applied by spraying or dipping after the yarns are weaved. The rigidification can be achieved naturally or by thermal treatment.

Abstract: An apparatus for dispensing a fluid includes a dispensing chamber coupled to a dispensing orifice and a fluid reservoir. The dispensing chamber is coupled to a transducer which is adapted to change the volume of the dispensing chamber in response to a signal applied to the transducer. The signal is characterized by 1) an initial rise time RT1 during which an increasing amplitude signal is applied to the transducer to gradually expand the dispensing chamber from a first volume at a first amplitude to a second volume at a second amplitude; 2) a fall time FT during which a decreasing amplitude signal is applied to the transducer to contract or compress the dispensing chamber rapidly (relative to the initial rise time RT1) to a third volume at third amplitude; 3) a final rise time RT2 during which an increasing amplitude signal is applied to the transducer to gradually expand the dispensing chamber to a fourth volume at a fourth amplitude.

Abstract: The invention concerns a pouring spout for the transfer of a molten metal from a tundish into a continuous-casting mold. The pouring spout includes a body comprising a tubular part defining an essentially vertical pouring channel and an essentially horizontal part defining a distribution channel. The tubular and horizontal parts are assembled together, notably by screwing. The vertical pouring channel has an upper end adapted to connect with a tundish and a lower end emptying into the distribution channel. The distribution channel includes at least two outlets adapted to distribute molten metal into the mold. An obstacle is located between the two channels and together with the lower part of the tubular part retains the molten metal in the pouring channel until transfer to the distribution channel.

Abstract: A system for controlling the flow rate of the stream from an electroslag refining apparatus is taught. The system includes the introduction of unrefined metal into an electroslag refining process in which the unrefined metal is first melted at the upper surface of the refining slag. The molten metal is refined as it passes through the molten slag. The refined metal is collected in a cold hearth apparatus having a skull of refined metal formed on the surface of the cold hearth for protecting the cold hearth from the leaching action of the refined molten metal. A cold finger bottom pour spout is formed at the bottom of the cold hearth to permit dispensing of molten refined metal from the cold hearth.

Abstract: A pressure tube includes a central tube section (10), an intake tube section (12) and a flared tube section (14). Flared tube section (14) includes a flange ring (54) with a shell (64) secured thereto. A contact ring (76) is received in an annular recess (82) of flange ring (54).

Abstract: A tundish impact pad comprises the body of refractory material capable of withstanding contact with molten steel. The body comprises a base having an impact surface for molten steel, and an outer side wall extending upwardly from the impact surface. The outer side wall extends around the base to completely enclose it, an annular body portion connected to the side wall and providing a top surface substantially parallel to the impact surface and defining an opening into which molten steel can be poured. The lower surface of the annular body portion and the inner face of the side wall define a recess having an undercut portion extending continuously around and above the impact surface. A first portion of the top surface is at a lower level than the remainder at the top surface and the recess beneath the first portion of the top surface has a smaller cross-section than the remainder of the recess.

Abstract: A chamber for receiving a downward flow of liquid metal includes a generally horizontal base having a generally planar impact surface. A first faceted sidewall having a plurality of facets formed therein, generally extends upwardly from and encompasses the planar surface to define an interior space. The interior space has an upper opening for receiving the downward flow of liquid metal. A second wall extends inwardly and upwardly from the first faceted wall toward the upper opening. A plurality of buttresses are spaced along the first faceted wall. Each of the buttresses extends between the impact surface and the second faceted wall. The buttresses form a plurality of discrete pockets including at least one facet. The pockets are defined by the buttresses, the impact surface, the first faceted wall and the second wall. The buttresses laterally deflect and divide the radial outward flow into a plurality of discrete flow patterns associated with the plurality of pockets.

Abstract: A dip pipe (1) which feeds by gravity with a molten metal or alloy (2) from a ladle (3) a slab (4) being formed in a thin mold (5) with cooling walls comprises a length of vertical pipe (6) communicating with the upper ladle (3) and downwards ending into a diffuser (8) of flattened shape having two discharge holes (9, 9'). According to the invention the diffuser (8) has a central partition baffle (14) designed to define two channels (16, 16') for the flow and corresponding to said two discharge holes (9, 9'), and the cross-section area (10) of the flow at the highest level of the diffuser is less than the cross-section area (11) of the pipe (6). Furthermore the inner side walls (12, 12') of the diffuser, which are directed to the narrow sides of the thin mold, form each an angle .alpha..ltoreq.7.5.degree. with the vertical axis (13) while departing therefrom in the downward direction, the flow partition baffle (14) narrowing in its lower portion to form two angles .beta..ltoreq.7.5.degree.

Abstract: A chamber for receiving a downward flow of liquid metal includes a generally horizontal base having a generally planar impact surface. A first faceted sidewall having a plurality of facets formed therein, generally extends upwardly from and encompasses the planar surface to define an interior space. The interior space has an upper opening for receiving the downward flow of liquid metal. A second wall extends inwardly and downwardly from the first faceted wall toward the upper opening. A plurality of buttresses are spaced along the first faceted wall. Each of the buttresses extends between the impact surface and the second faceted wall. The buttresses form a plurality of discrete pockets including at least one facet. The pockets are defined by the buttresses, the impact surface, the first faceted wall and the second wall. The buttresses laterally deflect and divide the radial outward flow into a plurality of discrete flow patterns associated with the plurality of pockets.

Abstract: An improved molten metal feed system is provided for high speed, continuous casting of metals and alloys. The feed system includes a distributor box having an insulative lining which supports an internal flow distributor board. The flow distributor board includes a plurality of openings of various sizes and shapes spaced apart along the width of the board. The presence of the flow distributor board effectively separates the box into lower and upper sections and restricts the flow of liquid metal through the board and thus, forces entering liquid metal to fill the entire width of the distributor box below the flow distributor board. In addition, the liquid metal is stabilized across the width of the distributor box resulting in a balanced temperature gradient. Once the lower section of the distributor box is filled, the metal flows through the openings in the board into the upper section of the distributor box and into the feed tip nozzle.

Abstract: The subject of the invention is a nozzle (1) for introducing a liquid metal into a mold for the continuous casting of metals, of the type comprising a tubular first part (2), one end of which is intended to be connected to a vessel containing said liquid metal and the other end of which emerges in a hollow second part (4) of elongate shape, at least one portion of the internal space (3) of which is oriented approximately perpendicular to said tubular first part (2), said hollow part (4) having an outlet (5, 6) at each of its ends, as well as one or more outlet orifices (7-17) provided in its bottom (18) and/or its lateral walls, a bar provided with holes (22, 22', 23-34) being placed in the internal space (3) of said hollow part (4) so that the liquid metal necessarily passes via said holes (22, 22', 23-34) before passing through said outlet orifices (7-17), wherein said bar (19, 38, 39, 41, 43) includes, on at least one portion of the width of its upper face, a raised part (20, 37, 42, 44) whose top lies alo

Abstract: This invention relates to modifying the inside bottom surface of a tundish for continuous casting molten steel to minimize turbulence thereby reducing gas bubble and slag entrainment during continuous casting of steel, especially when initially filling of the tundish. Turbulence mitigation tends to avoid entrapment of oxide inclusions in a cast slab. This invention is for an elongated tundish (10) including a pair of spaced refractory lined side walls (12) disposed in a longitudinal direction, a pair of spaced refractory lined end walls (14) extending in a lateral direction between the side walls, a refractory lined floor (16), a molten metal impact pad (18) and a molten steel outlet (20). A refractory lined weir (26) is positioned between the impact pad and the steel outlet. A refractory ramp (34) is positioned between the weir and the steel outlet. The ramp is mounted to the floor and extends the full width of the floor in the lateral direction contacting each of the side walls.

Abstract: With a rotary nozzle of the type in which a slide plate brick having at least one nozzle bore is rotated so as to adjust the degree of overlapping between the nozzle bore thereof and a nozzle bore of a fixed plate brick to control the rate of pouring of molten steel or the like, the bricks constituting the fixed plate brick and the slide plate brick are formed into the most rational and economical shape for the purpose of seeking a reduction in their cost and also the bricks are used for the purpose of seeking a reduction in the running cost of the rotary nozzle. To achieve these purposes, the shape of the brick 40 is formed into a substantially elliptic shape and nozzle bores 41a and 41b are provided in the respective eccentric positions.

Abstract: The impact pad (10) comprises a body of refractory material capable of withstanding contact with molten steel in a tundish, the body comprising a base (12) having an impact surface (13), an outer sidewall (14) extending upwardly from the impact surface (13), an annular portion (15) providing a top surface (16) substantially parallel to the impact surface (13) and connected to the sidewall (14) and defining an opening (11) into the pad, the lower face (17) of the annular portion (15), the inner face (18) of the sidewall (14) and the upper surface (19) of the base (12) adjacent the sidewall (14) together providing a continuous curved surface, which surface adjacent its lower end defines a trough (20) around the perimeter of the impact surface (13) of the base (12).

Abstract: A submerged entry nozzle for introducing molten steel into a casting mold is disclosed. The nozzle includes nozzle structure defining a central bore and two transverse exit ports communicating with the bottom of the central bore, the central bore terminating at an upwardly dish-shaped bottom surface that extends to the periphery of the nozzle structure and forms the lower surface regions of the exit ports, whereby molten steel flowing across the upwardly dish-shaped bottom surface is directed outwardly and upwardly from the nozzle structure.

Abstract: A method for supplying molten metal alloy for producing thin amorphous metal wire or thin amorphous metal strip by liquid quenching and solidification on a moving cooling substrate controls the flow of molten metal from a ladle into a tundish. The ladle has a long nozzle with an interior passage for providing flow of molten metal alloy into the tundish. The ladle stopper has a distal end region received by the interior passage of the long nozzle. Control of the overlap between the distal end region of the ladle stopper received in the long nozzle during molten alloy flow and control of the sectional flow area provided in the long nozzle interior passage controls the flow quantity of molten alloy from the ladle into the tundish.

Abstract: In a flat casting nozzle 10 having a taper 13, the position of the terminal end 14 of the taper 13 formed on the long edge side and the position of the terminal end 17 of a taper 16 formed on the short edge side are mutually shifted.