Abstract: A process for manufacturing a wheel for a motor vehicle, in which a wheel spider and a rim ring are connected with one another by means of friction welding. At least one of these wheel parts consists of a magnesium alloy. The controlling of the speed of the start of the friction, of the friction and of the compression of the friction welding process, particularly of the deformation capacity, takes place as a function of physical characteristics of the magnesium alloy.

Abstract: The present invention provides a brazing fixture and method of using the fixture which allows the brazing of a joint in an oxide-dispersion-strengthened (ODS) high temperature alloy workpiece where stresses in the workpiece operate to open the joint during the brazing process. The fixture is formed from the same ODS alloy as the workpiece, such that the fixture exhibits the same coefficient of thermal expansion as the workpiece. This allows maximization of surface area contact between the fixture and the workpiece during the brazing operation in order to force the workpiece to maintain its design dimensions and to prevent the joint from opening. The fixture includes a cavity preventing fixture/workpiece contact in the area of the braze to help control thermal lag in the area of the joint.

Abstract: Planishing or stress relief in a welded joint (34) is accomplished with a hammer (12) and a backing bar (26). The hammer is applied on a first side (1) to a first surface (31) of the structure (30). To indicate the proper position of the backing bar, a first magnet (20; 320) is associated with the hammer, and a magnetic sensor arrangement (24; 224; 300) is located on the other side (2) of the structure. In one embodiment, the sensor arrangement is a second magnet (24) which is held in place by the magnetic field (40) of the first magnet. In a second embodiment, the sensor includes a line array (262) of individual sensors, each associated with an indicator of a line array (264) of indicators. In a third embodiment, the sensor includes a line array (300) of two magnetic sensors, which are coupled to a differential indicator (324).

Abstract: A propeller/impeller blade adapted to propel a vehicle or other device, create a vacuum, or move a medium, comprising a generally flat strip-like member having first and second opposite ends joined together to form a pair of contiguous loops with a generally figure eight configuration about its longitudinal axis. The upper and lower surfaces of the loops are continuous throughout its figure eight configuration and structured so that if one were to trace along the upper surface longitudinally in a single direction, they will return to the same location on the upper surface from where they began without traversing the lower surface. In use, the pair of loops are mounted on the shaft of the desired device so that each loop is disposed symmetrically about the longitudinal axis of the shaft and the longitudinal axis of the pair of loops is disposed in perpendicular relation to the longitudinal axis of the shaft.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for producing the frame of the backrest of a motor vehicle seat from an originally straight metallic profile part which preferably has an I-shaped cross sectional area and which is bent into a U shape. In the middle part only one opening is formed in web (1), then it is closed again by the pressure of two compression jaws which move chords (2) towards one another in this middle part. In doing so opposite edge areas of the opening form joint (4). The adjacent planar areas of the web are joined to one another preferably by welding at this joint.

Abstract: In a guide and calibrating tool for guiding container bodies for welding, at least one of the guide rollers is driven. The drive is pneumatic, by compressed air blown by a nozzle onto recesses in the roller. The roller is driven only initially upon restart of the welding machine or in the event of a break in the passage of a series of bodies, in order that no braking is caused by the arrival at the guide tool of the first (and possibly second) body. This enables the gaps between the bodies to be kept more constant even at the start of a series of bodies to be welded, and the first bodies to be welded do not suffer increased slip between the bodies and the welding electrodes.

Abstract: A three dimensional figure eight propeller/impeller blade apparatus is provided which may be used to propel a vehicle, power a shaft, create a vacuum, or move a medium. The blade apparatus is made from an elongated strip of generally flat material. In one embodiment, the ends of the flat strip of material are joined together to form two loops having an overall three dimensional figure eight configuration. In forming the loops, the upper and lower surfaces of the flat strip of material are continuously maintained relative to each other.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for producing tapered, cylindrical poles from trapezoidal metal strips. The process is comprised of the steps of curling or pre-forming a trapezoidal blank, then forming the pre-formed blank into a tubular shape by means of a shovel die. The tubular shaped blank is then welded along a longitudinal seam such that a tubular pipe is formed. The resulting tapered cylindrical poles are typically used around highways, parking lots and playing fields to support lights or signs. The process can also be used to form thin wall cylindrical pipes.

Abstract: The specification discloses a vehicle twist beam axle subassembly incorporating a twist beam axle of generally V-shaped cross section formed of two legs which diverge away from the integral bight thereof, the ends of the legs being curled back into elongated generally circular loops weldably bonded to the legs, and the loops having flattened portions to be tuned to a predetermined torsional resistance.

Abstract: The specification discloses a vehicle twist beam axle subassembly incorporating a twist beam axle of generally V-shaped cross section formed of two legs which diverge away from the integral bight thereof, the ends of the legs being curled back into elongated generally circular loops weldably bonded to the legs, and the loops having flattened portions to be tuned to a predetermined torsional resistance.

Abstract: A device and device for manufacturing loops of steel employed in continuous-operation presses to manufacture single-layer or multiple-layer webs of material. To equalize the tension in the ends of a strip before they are welded together to form a loop and to increase the strength of the weld, the strip (10) is laid over drums (2 and 3) and its ends secured in grippers (13) that travel across the drums' axes (4 and 5). The strip is tensioned to a prescribed tension. The tension is maintained while the ends (11 and 12) of the strip are secured by transverse tensioning arms. The tension is released by moving the movable axis to an operating distance. The strip is cut with a blade, the ends of the strip are ground parallel, and are welded together to form a loop.

Abstract: The specification discloses a vehicle twist beam axle subassembly incorporating a twist beam axle of generally V-shaped cross section formed of two legs which diverge away from the integral bight thereof, the ends of the legs being curled back into elongated generally circular loops weldably bonded to the legs, and the loops having flattened portions to be tuned to a predetermined torsional resistance.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method of producing a welded steel tube with excellent inner surface corrosion resistance, in which at least one surface of a steel strip is coated with a first plate layer made of at least one of nickel, cobalt and alloys based on the metals, the plated steel strip is formed into a welded tube with the plated surface being inside, a film-forming material of at least one of tin and tin-based alloys is inserted into the inside of the welded tube and is then heat-treated at a temperature not lower than the melting point of the film-forming material by passing the tube through a continuous heating furnace having a non-oxidizing gas atmosphere therein so that the film forming material as inserted into the welded tube is fused and spread over the first plate layer to form a second plate layer thereon, and the tube is finally cooled.

Abstract: Disclosed is a welded tube with an excellent corrosion-resistant inner surface, in which the inner surface including the bead part has a first plate layer of one metal material selected from Sn, Sn--Zn, Sn--Ni, Ni--P and Ni--B and the first plate layer is overcoated with a second plate layer of one metal material selected from Ni, Co and alloys based on the metals. The welded tube is free from exposure of the steel base out of the plate layer and is also free from cracks, pin holes, overplated spots and peeling of the plate layer. It has excellent corrosion resistance and good workability for working the terminals. The welded tube is produced by forming a first plate layer of Sn, Sn--Zn, Sn--Ni, Ni--P or Ni--B on at least one surface of a steel strip, then forming a second plate layer of Ni, Co or an alloy based on the metals over the first plate layer, shaping the thus plated steel strip into a tube by welding with the plated surface being inside and then heat-treating the tube.

Abstract: A process for manufacturing welded titanium alloy tubes and pipes having good corrosion resistance and good mechanical properties from a titanium alloy which consists essentially, by weight, of one or more of the platinum group metals in a total amount of 0.01-0.14%, at least one of Ni and Co each in an amount of 0.1%-2.0%, not more than 0.35% of oxygen, not more than 0.30% of iron, optionally at least one of Mo, W, and V each in an amount of 0.1%-2.0%, and a balance of Ti. The process comprises preparing a slab by hot working from an ingot of the titanium alloy after heating in a temperature range of from 750.degree. C. to a temperature 200.degree. C. above the beta-transus point, hot-rolling the slab with a finishing temperature of not lower than 400.degree. C. to form a hot-rolled strip after heating in a temperature range of from 650.degree. C. to a temperature 150.degree. C. above the beta-transus point, optionally performing annealing in a temperature range of from 550.degree. C. to a temperature 20.

Abstract: An upper control arm for a vehicle suspension system having a modulus section of hollow construction for reduced weight. The modulus section of the control arm is of a stamped and welded construction thereby eliminating material weight while reducing the cost of manufacturing. The modulus section has a substantially triangular configuration with a reinforced rim flange along the high compression stress area of the control arm elbow. The reinforced rim flange improves the strength of the control arm without sacrificing the weight reduction provided by the hollow construction. A series of apertures are formed in the control arm to reduce weight and improve the harmonic resonancy of the control arm.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for forming thin-wall tubing in a funnel die or with a series of sets of forming rollers. The tubing is then welded by a method and apparatus which includes simultaneous guiding of the both the inner and outer peripheries of the tubing during the welding operation by a mandrel and a sleeve, respectively, so that lack of rigidity of the tubing is not a limitation. The edges of the tubing are not clamped, but are allowed to "float" during welding. The resulting tubing is highly uniform. A wide range of tubing materials can be welded and thin-wall tubing of nearly any desired length or wall thickness can be produced.

Abstract: In order to hold the longitudinal edges (12, 14) of a can body (10) which are to be butt-welded together contiguous with one another on the way to a welding apparatus (52), the can body (10) is moved past a magnet (40) by means of which the longitudinal edges (12, 14) are magnetized with opposite polarity. The two poles (N.sub.S, S.sub.N) of the magnet (40) each have a supporting surface (42, 44) for a conveyor belt (36) which conveys can bodies (10) one behind the other from a guide member (22) to the welding apparatus (52).

Abstract: In a method for making thin-walled metal pipes, application of a pre-deformation to a metal sheet by plastic bending longitudinally perpendicular thereto, and forming the metal sheet into a pipelike shape by use of the widthwise curvature resulting from residual stress of the metal sheet receiving such plastic bending, when its lengthwise curvature is reduced to zero, the metal sheet being joined together at its junction.

Abstract: A tube of a muffler for an internal combustion engine includes at least two generally rectangular sheets which are jointed together at one end by crimping and wound in a tubular configuration to constitute two consecutive layers. In the tubular configuration, the other end of each of the two sheets overlaps the sheet itself and welded to the latter straddling a coupling portion where the two sheets are joined. While one of the sheets which constitutes an inner layer of the tube is made of a material which is resistive to corrosion due to chemical reactions with combustion gas and others flowing through the tube, the other which constitutes an outer wall of the same is made of a material which withstands adverse ambient conditions such as briny air and high himidity.

Abstract: A process of continuous production of seam-welded steel tubing is concerned.A steel strip is taken out from a strip coil and conveyed to a tube-preshaping step including a plural of shaping roll stand positions. In the preshaping step, the strip is laterally rounded up gradually from band strip to a rough-shaped tubing until the side edges are brought into a mutually abutting state ready for seam-welding. The preshaping step is divided into a plurality of local regions. In these local regions, substantially body portion with exception of corresponding marginal edge zones of the tubing stock is separately subjected to heating. The heating width and heating intensity at these regions are increased stepwise as the tubular stock advances from upstream to downstream for avoiding conventionally appearing edge wavings and buckling undulations in the material of the steel tubing.

Abstract: A material removing tool wherein a substantially plate-like support of steel carries at least one annular cutter which is made of a harder metallic material capable of being soldered to the material of the support. The support has a centrally extending projection which is received in a complementary opening of the cutter, and the cutter has two or more substantially radially extending webs in register with grooves which weaken the cutter in the regions of the webs so that at least one of the webs breaks in response to soldering of the cutter to the support. The breaking of one or more webs is promoted by proper selection of the thermal expansion coefficients of the materials of the support and cutter. The provision of breaks in the webs, either as a result of bonding or as a result of utilization of cutter sections, ensures that each cutter section between two neighboring webs can be put to use independently of the condition of the other section or sections.

Abstract: First, a rectangular metal plate having thinner and thicker portions corresponding to a lighter-wall portion and heavier-wall portion of a pipe to be manufactured is prepared. Before bending the plate until both edges thereof meet to form a tubular piece, the plate width is adjusted by cutting off part of the thinner portion so that the desired peripheral lengths are attained in both lighter- and heavier-wall portions of the pipe. The width-adjusted plate is then bent until both edges are butted together to form a tubular piece. By butt-welding the adjoining edges, a metal pipe with longitudinally differentiated wall thickness is obtained.

Abstract: The open ends of a flat tube are closed by rolling together the edge portions of the wide, opposing sidewalls of the tube by means of two flanging rolls successively guided over these edge portions in opposite directions. One of the flanging rolls makes a longer pass than the other. The edge portions thus rolled closed are then welded to one another in a semi- or fully-automatic TIG process. The result is a clean, symmetrically shaped radiator element.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing a box-shaped door, which comprises the steps of cutting off the four corners of a rectangular metal blank in the square form to provide the four walls of a box body; vertically bending said cutoff four sides by a female die on whose inner wall there are provided in the stepped state an upper bending section and lower shaping section and a male die whose outer wall is shaped complementary to the inner wall of said female die; curvedly shaping the abutting edges of the corners of the four sides of the metal blank, said vertical bending and curved shaping being carried out at the same time; and welding said abutting edges to provide the box body of a box-shaped door.

Abstract: A saddle member for a saddle clamp has a generally U-shaped cross section and is made from a flat sheet metal blank by a series of folding, punching and welding operations. In the finished saddle member, generally parallel side walls are spaced apart and have arcuate free ends. A base extends between the side walls opposite the free ends, and end walls extend between the side margins of the side walls. The end walls include flanges on the side walls and the base and weldments that extend along substantially the entire lengths of the side-wall flanges to provide end walls that form continuous surfaces with both the side walls and the base.

Abstract: A game racket includes a generally oval head section and a handle section extending from the head section. A plastic brace is secured in the head section to complete the ovality of the head section. A hand grip is fixed to the handle section. The head section and the handle section are constituted by a tubular titanium strip which is provided with a Vickers hardness of 150 to 220.

Abstract: There is disclosed a novel spring shackle for pivotally supporting one end of a spring on a vehicle frame and having a body member with a central portion and two end portions, one end portion being attached to the spring or frame member, the other end portion being tapered and bent in a helical fashion and having an end received in a recess in the end portion to provide a cylinder having a substantially continuous inner surface of generally uniform radius. Press fit in the cylinder is an elastomeric bushing having a metallic sleeve press fit therein. A novel method of making a shackle is also disclosed, the method comprising the steps of providing a body member with a central portion and two end portions, one of which is formed into a cylinder, inserting an elastomeric bushing into the cylinder in a press fit and then press fitting a metallic sleeve into the elastomeric bushing.

Abstract: A lock follower comprises two main parts, i.e. a central part and a cylindrical bearing part which are attached to each other. The central part is punched from a sheet-metal blank. The cylindrical bearing part partially surrounds the central part and has a slot through which a portion of the central part projects. The bearing part may comprise a piece of tubular material or alternatively a strip of material wound to cylindrical shape on a portion of the periphery of the central part. The two parts may be joined together by welding or by deformation of material belonging to either or both parts.The invention also concerns a method of manufacturing a lock follower of the above-mentioned kind, whereby for the cylindrical bearing part initially either a tubular piece of material or a piece of strip material is used.

Abstract: A method of making a multi-V-grooved sheet metal pulley from a flat sheet metal strip. The strip is passed through forming rolls which preform a plurality of generally V-shaped, transversely spaced, longitudinally extending grooves in a portion of the strip, and a generally flat hub wall flange in a transversely adjacent second portion of the strip. The hub wall flange portion of the strip then is notched to preshape the flange prior to circular forming the bottom hub wall of a pulley therefrom. The preformed grooved and notched strip then is severed into individual strips, each of which provides the material for a cup-shaped sheet metal pulley. Each strip then is passed between a pair of wrapping rolls which form the strip into a circular, preferably cylindrical configuration with the strip ends located adjacent to each other. The adjacent ends of the strip then are abutted and welded together, forming a cup-shaped pulley.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a flat heat-exchanger tube from thin, flexible metal strip material, comprising the steps of bending first and second longitudinal edge portions of the strip into an overlapping position over a central portion of said strip, bending the innermost edge portion in the vicinity of its edge at an angle to the remaining portion of said last mentioned edge portion to form a support flange and pressing said edge portions together under reaction from said central portion, via the support flange pressed thereagainst, while joining said longitudinal edge portion by means of soldering.

Abstract: A method of producing a fiberizing unit for use in producing glass fibers is shown which involves forming a sheet of metal in the form of a cylinder and providing projections on the underside on a section of said cylinder. Holes are provided through the projections to the center of the cylinder for fluid communication from the center of the cylinder to the exterior thereof through the projections.

Abstract: Heat transfer tubes are provided internally with extended surfaces to improve heat transfer between a fluid within the tube and a fluid outside of and in contact with the tube. A flat sheet of metal is provided with extended surfaces which are welded to one side of the sheet, so that a tube with internal extended surfaces can be formed by bending the sheet so that it envelopes the surfaces and welding sides of the sheets together.

Abstract: A method of making a double-walled tubular container by winding plastic sheet material into a sleeve on a cylindrical mandrel with a pair of opposed longitudinal edges of the plastic sheet overlapping. A container top having a skirt is inserted into the plastic sleeve and simultaneously the overlapping edges of the plastic sleeve are heat-sealed and the sleeve is heat-sealed to the skirt of the container top. A thin metal sheet is cut and wound over the sleeve and skirt and is heat-sealed thereto. An ejection outlet stopper is fitted to the container top and the tube is then removed from the mandrel.