Abstract: A control valve assembly of a fuel injector includes a first valve arrangement wherein a first valve spool is guided in a first hydraulic bore provided in a body of the assembly. The control assembly further includes a first tubular sleeve having a seating portion which end face defines the first seating face, the first sleeve being fixed in the first hydraulic bore and the first spool extending through the sleeve.

Abstract: A nozzle includes a nozzle body defining a longitudinal axis. The nozzle body has an air passage, a fuel circuit radially outboard from the air passage with respect to the longitudinal axis, and a cooling circuit. The fuel circuit extends from a fuel circuit inlet to a fuel circuit annular outlet. The fuel circuit is defined between a fuel circuit inner wall and a fuel circuit outer wall. At least a portion of the fuel circuit outer wall is radially outboard from the fuel circuit inner wall with respect to the longitudinal axis. A cooling circuit is defined within at least one of the fuel circuit inner wall or the fuel circuit outer wall. The cooling circuit extends from an axial position proximate the fuel circuit inlet to an axial position proximate the fuel circuit outlet.

Abstract: A torch assembly for igniting a target fuel includes a torch including an elongate wand having a handle end and an opposing forward end, and a torch head located on the forward end of the wand. The torch head has a central axis. The torch head includes an outer surface, a fuel supply chamber, and a plurality of circumferentially spaced apart jet channels fluidly connecting the fuel supply chamber to the outer surface. Each jet channel is configured such that, when a pressurized flow of a gaseous torch fuel is supplied to the jet channels through the fuel supply chamber and ignited, each jet channel directs a respective flame jet forwardly and radially outwardly from the outer surface at an acute angle to the central axis.

Abstract: The invention relates to a device (2) for cooling a turbine casing, preferably of a low-pressure turbine of a turbomachine, with air jets, the device comprising a pressurised air supply housing (3) and at least two curved cooling pipes (40) arranged on either side of the housing (3), around and spaced apart from a part of the casing and provided with air injection holes (41), the housing comprising, in particular, a bottom (31) and two longitudinal side walls (32, 33), and the bottom being pierced by air injection holes. The device is characterised in that each of the side walls extends outwards as at least one single-piece tubular sleeve, to which a cooling pipe is joined, the bottom of the sleeve being located at the same level as the bottom of the housing at the point where they are joined together.

Abstract: A combustor assembly for a gas turbine engine includes a combustor dome defining an opening, a cooling hole, and at least in part defining a combustion chamber. The combustor dome includes a first side and a second side, the cooling hole extending from the first side to the second side. The combustor assembly additionally includes a fuel-air injector hardware assembly positioned at least partially within the opening of the combustor dome and including a heat shield. The heat shield includes a heat deflector lip. The cooling hole in the combustor dome is oriented to direct a cooling airflow onto the heat deflector lip to maintain at least a portion of the heat shield within a desired operating temperature range.

Abstract: A water atomisation device for water evaporation and/or dust control. The device includes: a generally longitudinally hollow housing; a fan; a motor; and a hollow manifold. The housing extends between an inlet end and an outlet end, with the inlet end defining a first air inlet to an interior of the housing. The fan is within the housing, between the inlet end and the outlet end. The motor drives the fan. The manifold is shaped to generally correspond to that of the outlet end and has a plurality of water injector nozzles directed substantially inwardly and away from the outlet end. A distal edge of the outlet end is longitudinally spaced apart from a proximal edge of the manifold to define a second air entrainment inlet to an interior of the manifold.

Abstract: Described is a device (1) for emitting a jet of fluid comprising a tubular member (2) having at least one air inlet opening (4) and one air outlet opening (5). Moreover, the device (1) comprises blowing means (6), located inside the tubular member (2) for sucking air from the inlet opening (4) and generating a flow of air coming out of the outlet opening (5); the blowing means (6) comprising a drive unit (7) and an air movement member (8) connected to the drive unit (7). The device (1) also comprises an apparatus (11) having at least one fluid delivery nozzle (12) and an air compression structure (13) connected to the delivery nozzle (12). More specifically, the drive unit (7) is connected to the air compression structure (13) to set it in action and they are both located inside a container (16).

Abstract: A nozzle includes a nozzle body defining a longitudinal axis. The nozzle body includes an air passage having a radial swirler and a converging conical cross-section. A fuel circuit is radially outboard from the air passage with respect to the longitudinal axis. The fuel circuit extends from a fuel circuit inlet to a fuel circuit annular outlet. The fuel circuit includes a plurality of helical passages to mitigate gravitational effects at low fuel flow rates. Each helical passage of the fuel circuit opens tangentially with respect to the fuel circuit annular outlet into an outlet of the air passage.

Abstract: A control device for an internal combustion engine that includes: a first detection unit detecting, as a first parameter, a temperature of a nozzle tip of an injector; and a second detection unit detecting, as a second parameter, a heat quantity of a cylinder head, and executes a dew condensation determination by using at least one of the first parameter and the second parameter, the control device includes: a third detection unit detecting an evaluation value allowing to evaluate a state of the internal combustion engine, a threshold value for selecting which parameter of the first and second parameters is selected being set with respect to the evaluation value, wherein the control device switches a parameter to be used to the first parameter, to the second parameter, or to both the first and second parameters in accordance with the evaluation value when executing the dew condensation determination.

Abstract: A device for producing artificial snow includes: elements (100) for producing a central jet (101) consisted by a first fluid chosen among air or water; elements (110) for producing a peripheral jet (111) consisted by a second fluid chosen among water or air and different from the first fluid; and nucleation elements (120) for the production of at least one nucleation jet (121). The elements for producing the central jet and the elements for producing the peripheral jet are arranged in such a manner that the opposite contours (103, 114) of their respective jets each define a generating line, which opposite generating lines extend parallel or at least approximately parallel to each other; moreover, the nucleation elements (120) are distributed over the external periphery of the elements (110) for producing the peripheral jet (111).

Abstract: A fuel system includes an external cool air source, and a fuel injector. The fuel injector includes a fuel circuit, an outer air circuit, an inner air circuit, and an outlet. The fuel circuit receives liquid fuel from a fuel inlet. The outer air circuit receives cool air from the cool air source and substantially surrounds the fuel circuit. The inner air circuit is in fluid communication with the outer air circuit and a portion of the fuel circuit substantially surrounds the inner air circuit. The outlet provides atomized fuel from the fuel circuit, outer air circuit and inner air circuit to a combustor.

Abstract: Modular devices for jetting a fluid material and components for modular jetting devices. The devices may include a pressurized air or positive displacement pump fluid supply module to supply a fluid module inlet. A syringe may feed material through a check valve to a positive displacement pump, which feeds material through another check valve to the fluid module. Inside the fluid module is a valve element moved to contact a valve seat and jet a droplet of material by contact between an external drive pin and a movable element of the fluid module. Either a piezoelectric actuator, a pneumatic actuator, or another actuator may move the drive pin. A controller may coordinate the supply of fluid from the positive displacement pump with the rate at which material is jetted. The fluid module and positive displacement pump are easily removable from the jetting device.

Abstract: A flow directing device for imparting swirl on a fluid includes a flow directing body having a first surface and opposed second surface. A flow channel is defined in the first surface of the flow directing body for conducting fluids flowing through the flow directing body. The flow channel includes a channel surface set in from the first surface. A swirl bore extends though the flow directing body from the channel surface to the second surface of the flow directing body at an oblique angle relative to the channel surface for imparting a tangential swirl component onto fluids flowing through the swirl bore. Having an asymmetrical terminus portion of the channel surface, and positioning of the swirl bore within the terminus portion, allow control of the swirl direction for flow within the terminus portion and swirl bore.

Abstract: A fuel injector (10) for liquid phase injection of liquefied gaseous fuels for combustion chambers of an internal combustion engine. The fuel injector (10) comprises a nozzle portion (15) having an end (30) from which gaseous fuel can be delivered through an outlet (21), the end (30) being configured to prevent or at least inhibit formation of ice thereon upon delivery of gaseous fuel through the outlet.

Abstract: A system is provided for delivery of diesel exhaust fluid or other reductant to an injector for release into an engine exhaust aftertreatment system. The injector includes a nozzle assembly that thermally shields the diesel exhaust fluid from the exhaust gas temperatures. A diesel exhaust fluid delivery procedure is also disclosed for nozzle cooling prior to operation of the injector for emissions reduction.

Abstract: A mist generating system includes an input pipeline, an iced water tank, a heat exchanger, a nebulizing pump, an output pipeline, a pressure regulating set and a pressure releasing set communicating with each other via a plurality of pipes. The iced water tank is connected between the input pipeline and the nebulizing pump. The iced water tank is connected to the heat exchanger. One end of the output pipeline is connected to the nebulizing pump. Another end of the output pipeline is connected to the pressure regulating set. The pressure regulating set is connected to the iced water tank. One end of the pressure releasing set connected between the nebulizing pump and the output pipeline. Another end of the pressure releasing set connected to the iced water tank. When the mist generating system is turned on, a volume of water is ejected toward the outside in a mist form.

Abstract: A method of operating a pressure compensated fuel injector includes: filling a fuel chamber with a charge of fuel by closing an injector valve and circulating a fuel from a fuel source through a plurality of recirculating valves and a cap valve; then isolating the fuel chamber and the charge of fuel from the fuel source; then equalizing a pressure within the fuel chamber to a rising pressure outside the fuel chamber by reducing a volume of the isolated fuel chamber; and then activating a solenoid that is coupled to the injector valve, opening the injector valve; and then further reducing the volume of the isolated fuel chamber to apply an over pressure within the chamber, pumping fuel from the fuel chamber through the injection orifice.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for forming a fusible coating or structure comprising a combustor that is operative to combust a fuel and contain the resulting flame to produce combustion products; means for cooling the combustion products to produce a hot carrier gas stream; and means for introducing fusible material into the hot carrier gas stream.

Abstract: Droplet deposition apparatus including at least one droplet ejection unit having a plurality of fluid channels disposed side by side in a row, an actuator, and a plurality of nozzles, said actuator being actuable to eject a droplet of fluid from a fluid channel through a respective nozzle, a support member for said at least one droplet ejection unit, a first conduit extending along said row and to one side of both said support member and said at least one droplet ejection unit for conveying droplet fluid to each of the fluid channels of said at least one droplet ejection unit; and a second conduit extending along said row and to the other side of both said support member and said at least one droplet ejection unit for receiving droplet fluid from each of the fluid channels of said at least one droplet ejection unit.

Abstract: An improved sprinkler has a flow altering device to change water direction and control the direction of a blade wheel. A gear set causes a sprinkler head's repetitive rotation. The sprinkler head includes a set of corresponding upper plate and lower plate to divide an interior chamber of the sprinkler head to two chambers: a control chamber and a gear chamber. A water inlet pipe connects only with the control chamber to provide water to enter the control chamber. The upper plate and the lower plate form a filtering channel interconnecting between the control chamber and the gear chamber. The water from the control chamber can flow into the gear chamber through the filtering channel. The filtering channel filters the large/coarser particle debris in the water and the water flowing into the gear chamber can lubricate and cool the gear set in the gear chamber.

Abstract: In a method for injecting fuel into the combustion chamber of an internal combustion engine, the fuel is fed by at least one prefeed pump from a tank to at least one high-pressure pump and the high-pressure fuel fed by the high-pressure pump is supplied to the injector, wherein the injector has an injection nozzle with an axially movable nozzle needle protruding into a control chamber which can be fed with fuel under pressure and whose pressure is controlled by a control valve which opens or closes at least one inflow or outflow duct for fuel. Between the prefeed pump and the high-pressure pump, a partial volume of the fuel is branched off as a flushing volume and supplied to a flushing channel of the injector, wherein the flushing volume is directly supplied to the control valve such that the flushing volume flows at least partially through the control valve and preferably mixes with the fuel from the inflow or outflow duct, respectively.

Abstract: A nozzle includes a center body and a shroud circumferentially surrounding at least a portion of the center body to define an annular passage between the center body and the shroud. A plurality of apertures pass through the center body to the annular passage, and a plenum extends inside the center body and is in fluid communication with the plurality of apertures. A cooling medium is in fluid communication with the plenum. A method for cooling a nozzle includes flowing a cooling medium through a plenum across a surface of the nozzle.

Abstract: A method of assembling a gasification reactor includes extending at least one reactant injection member into the gasification reactor. The method also includes extending at least one fluid injection conduit including a plurality of fluid injection passages defined therein into the gasification reactor. At least a portion of the at least one fluid injection conduit circumscribes at least a portion of the at least one reactant injection member.

Abstract: A pressure swirl atomizer includes a nozzle having an exit orifice and a plurality of tangential swirl channels and a pintle that is movable within a pintle bearing between a closed position that closes the exit orifice and an open position that opens the exit orifice. The atomizer also has a pole piece having a channel, and the pole piece and the pintle are separated by an air gap when the pintle is in the closed position. A space between the pintle and the pintle bearing, the air gap, and the channel together form at least a part of a return path. Fluid from the tangential swirl channels drains through the return path when the pintle is in the closed position. To open the atomizer, a solenoid generates a magnetic force when energized, attracting the pintle toward the pole piece into the open position. A check valve disposed in the return path generates a fluid back pressure when the solenoid is de-energized to push the pintle toward the closed position.

Abstract: A fuel nozzle with active cooling is provided. It includes an outer peripheral wall, a nozzle center body concentrically disposed within the outer wall in a fuel and air pre-mixture. The fuel and air pre-mixture includes an air inlet, a fuel inlet and a premixing passage defined between the outer wall in the center body. A gas fuel flow passage is provided. A first cooling passage is included within the center body in a second cooling passage is defined between the center body and the outer wall.

Abstract: The disclosure relates to a device for dispensing one or more jets of cryogenic fluid, particularly liquid nitrogen, comprising a fluid conveying pipeline feeding one or more fluid dispensing nozzles arranged at the downstream end of said pipeline, and a motor collaborating with the fluid conveying pipeline via a rotary transmission shaft and a transmission mechanism.

Abstract: A fuel injection nozzle comprises a body member having an upstream wall opposing a downstream wall, a baffle member having an upstream surface and a downstream surface, a first chamber, a second chamber, a fuel inlet communicative with the first chamber operative to emit a first gas into the first chamber, and a plurality of mixing tubes, each of the mixing tubes having a tube inner surface, a tube outer surface, a first inlet communicative with an aperture in the upstream wall operative to receive a second gas, a second inlet communicative with the tube outer surface and the tube inner surface operative to translate the first gas into the mixing tube, a mixing portion operative to mix the first gas and the second gas, and an outlet communicative with an aperture in the downstream wall operative to emit the mixed first and second gasses.

Abstract: In a multimode fuel injector for combustion chambers, in particular a jet engine, a secondary circuit is connected to a distribution chamber perforated by a plurality of fuel ejection orifices and the primary circuit comprises at least one passage section adjacent the distribution chamber, for its cooling.

Abstract: An injection nozzle having a main body portion with an outer peripheral wall is disclosed. The nozzle includes a plurality of fuel/air mixing tubes disposed within the main body portion and a fuel flow passage fluidly connected to the plurality of fuel/air mixing tubes. Fuel and air are partially premixed inside the plurality of the tubes. A second body portion, having an outer peripheral wall extending between a first end and an opposite second end, is connected to the main body portion. The partially premixed fuel and air mixture from the first body portion gets further mixed inside the second body portion. The second body portion converges from the first end toward said second end. The second body portion also includes cooling passages that extend along all the walls around the second body to provide thermal damage resistance for occasional flame flash back into the second body.

Abstract: A thermal load control assembly for a fuel injector includes a rail inlet port, a cooling inlet port and a fuel drain port. A leakage path channels leaked fuel originating from the rail inlet port to the fuel drain port. A cooling path channels fuel originating from the cooling inlet port to the fuel drain port. A fuel system using a thermal load control assembly includes a single fuel tank that supplies fuel to the rail inlet port and the cooling inlet port of a plurality of fuel injectors and collect fuel from the fuel drain port of the plurality of fuel injectors.

Abstract: Droplet deposition apparatus including at least one droplet ejection unit having a plurality of fluid channels disposed side by side in a row, an actuator, and a plurality of nozzles, said actuator being actuable to eject a droplet of fluid from a fluid channel through a respective nozzle, a support member for said at least one droplet ejection unit, a first conduit extending along said row and to one side of both said support member and said at least one droplet ejection unit for conveying droplet fluid to each of the fluid channels of said at least one droplet ejection unit; and a second conduit extending along said row and to the other side of both said support member and said at least one droplet ejection unit for receiving droplet fluid from each of the fluid channels of said at least one droplet ejection unit.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an exhaust system for an internal combustion engine, in particular in a motor vehicle, having an exhaust line carrying exhaust gas away from the internal combustion engine and having a fuel injector for injecting fuel into the exhaust line. The fuel injector is mounted on the exhaust line via a mounting device. This mounting device has a receiving body into which the fuel injector is inserted and which is mounted on the exhaust line via a disk-shaped flange. To reduce the risk of overheating of the fuel injector, the flange is mounted on the receiving body via a constriction in cross section and/or on the exhaust line via a thermal insulator.

Abstract: A fuel nozzle having a dedicated circuit to cool the diffusion tip with lower part count and reduced complexity. More specifically, the proposed design uses an independent circuit to cool the tip with diffusion fuel or purge air. An impingement plate may be provided to augment the cooling effect.

Abstract: A gas-air premixing burner for gas turbines includes an air swirler and an annular burner tube surrounding a bluff centerbody. The bluff body serves to stabilize the flame by defining a recirculating vortex. Cooling air is directed to impinge against the bluff face of the centerbody and the spent impingement cooling air flows in a reverse direction towards the air swirler within the centerbody and is discharged through holes at the outer diameter of the centerbody, where it mixes with the fuel/air mixture prior to reaching the flame zone.

Abstract: An actuated atomizer is adapted for spray cooling or other applications wherein a well-developed, homogeneous and generally conical spray mist is required. The actuated atomizer includes an outer shell formed by an inner ring; an outer ring; an actuator insert and a cap. A nozzle framework is positioned within the actuator insert. A base of the nozzle framework defines swirl inlets, a swirl chamber and a swirl chamber. A nozzle insert defines a center inlet and feed ports. A spool is positioned within the coil housing, and carries the coil windings having a number of turns calculated to result in a magnetic field of sufficient strength to overcome the bias of the spring. A plunger moves in response to the magnetic field of the windings. A stop prevents the pintle from being withdrawn excessively. A pintle, positioned by the plunger, moves between first and second positions.

Abstract: A pilot fuel injection valve is mountable in a cylinder head of an engine and injects a liquid pilot fuel directly into a combustion chamber. The pilot fuel injection valve comprises a cooling system to keep the pilot fuel at a temperature that is lower than the lowest initial boiling point for the pilot fuel that occurs inside the fuel injection valve. The pilot fuel injection valve further comprises a thermally insulated nozzle having an outer surface that is not cooled by the cooler cylinder head and the cooler pilot fuel held inside the fuel injection valve. During operation, the nozzle's outer surface can be heated to a temperature that is not significantly lower than the final boiling point of the pilot fuel so that a significant amount of pilot fuel does not condense on the nozzle surface during engine operation.

Abstract: According to an embodiment of the present invention, a rotating nozzle assembly includes a rotatable shaft having a bore to transport a cryogenic fluid therethrough. The rotatable shaft has an upstream portion associated with a feed chamber and a downstream portion. The nozzle assembly further includes a seal disposed within the feed chamber and surrounding at least a portion of the rotatable shaft, and a seal backup disk disposed proximate the seal. The seal backup disk includes an orifice surrounding an outside diameter of the rotatable shaft, the orifice having a diameter such that, when the cryogenic fluid is flowing through the bore of the rotatable shaft, the rotatable shaft can freely rotate while the seal prevents the cryogenic fluid from seeping past the seal.

Abstract: A fuel injector for the direct injection of fuel into the combustion chamber of a mixture-compressing internal combustion engine having external ignition includes a valve housing formed by a nozzle body, and a seal which seals the fuel injector from a cylinder head of the internal combustion engine. The seal has a sleeve-type design with a structured cross section and extends across the axial length of the nozzle body.

Abstract: An improved atomizer, in which the liquid to be sprayed is circulated around the nozzle tip to prevent degradation of the liquid in hot environments. The circulation is controlled by a valve, which permits the liquid to circulate even when no liquid is being sprayed.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a device (1) for introducing fuel into an exhaust line (4) of an internal combustion engine, in particular in a motor vehicle, with a fuel injector (2) for injecting fuel under injection pressure into the exhaust line (4) through a radial opening (5) in a pipe section (3) of the exhaust line (4). To improve the efficiency of such a device (1), the fuel injector (2) is connected to a coolant circulation system (7) in a manner suitable to transfer heat.

Abstract: A fuel injector provided with an injection valve comprising a mobile plunger; an injection jet having a plurality of first through-holes made starting from a chamber arranged downstream from the injection valve; a supporting body having a tubular shape and comprising a supply channel; and a sealing body, in which a valve seat of the injection valve is defined and the injection jet is provided; the sealing body is monolithic and has a disc-shaped plug member passed through by the injection jet, and a guide member, which rises up from the plug member, is tubular in shape, receives within it the plunger and has an external diameter smaller than the internal diameter of the supply channel, so as to define an external annular channel for the fuel; in the lower part of the guide member there are provided a number of second through-holes which open into the valve seat.

Abstract: A liquid cooled fuel injection valve is operable to inject fuel directly into a combustion chamber through a nozzle orifice provided in an injector tip. The fuel injection valve further comprises a cooling system for draining fuel from a fuel cavity disposed within the injector tip and a drain valve that opens when pressure within the fuel cavity is greater than a predetermined set point. Fuel drained through the cooling system is directed to a drain system that may be combined with drain passages typically found in fuel injection valves. In a preferred embodiment, the drain valve is disposed within the fuel injection valve.

Abstract: A lance-type spraying assembly for directing a reducing agent into a combustion zone or discharging combustion gases for Nox emission control. The spraying assembly including a lance body having an inlet end and a downstream end and a spray nozzle arranged at the downstream end of the lance body. The lance body includes an air passage for connection to an air supply, a liquid reducing agent supply passage for connection to a liquid reducing agent supply and a liquid reducing agent return passage. The liquid reducing agent supply passage communicates with the spray nozzle. The liquid reducing agent return passage communicates with the liquid reducing agent supply passage near the downstream end of the lance body for recirculating a portion of the liquid reducing agent and extends near the liquid reducing agent supply passage along at least a portion of the length thereof in order to help cool the liquid reducing agent therein. The liquid reducing agent return passage is sealed against the spray nozzle.

Abstract: A fuel injector is provided with a lower nozzle body which is cooled with a small amount of metered fuel. In one embodiment, a blind passage is formed to extend from the upper portion to the lower end of the injector nozzle valve element. A transverse passage is formed in the nozzle valve element connecting the blind passage and the nozzle bore. Rail pressure causes a metered amount of fuel to flow through the nozzle bore, the transverse passage and upwardly along the blind passage to the drain passage. Inward cooling occurs by providing more surface area over which the fuel flows. In another embodiment, a sleeve is formed to fit over an existing nozzle to form a passage surrounding the injector tip. An orifice is located in the nozzle housing to connect the nozzle cavity with the annular passage thereby providing a small amount of fuel to drain.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a fuel nozzle for use in an engine such as a gas turbine engine. The fuel nozzle includes a fuel injector for injecting fuel into a combustion chamber of the engine and a plurality of rows of holes surrounding the fuel injector for eliminating recirculation of hot gas products onto a face of the fuel nozzle. The holes eject air primarily in an axial direction.

Abstract: A sealed spray cooling system for reducing coolant loss within thermal management systems. The sealed spray cooling system includes a spray housing defining a spray chamber having at least one atomizer and a seal member attached to the spray housing about the spray chamber for sealing against a semiconductor forming a sealed spray area. Alternatively, the spray unit is comprised of a first member, a second member having at least one atomizer, the second member pivotally attached to the first member forming an interior cavity between thereof, and a seal member attached to the second member for sealing against a semiconductor within the first member thereby forming a sealed spray area. A vacuum manifold is preferably fluidly connected to the spray cavity thereby reducing the pressure within the spray cavity.

Abstract: Cooling gas is fed through a cooling-gas line (14) to a liquid atomizer, preferably an atomizing bell (4) in order to cool its end surface (24) configured underneath streaming coating liquid and therefore in contact with the ambient air. The cooling reduces coating deposition at this end surface or reduces the rate of layering.

Abstract: A fuel injector having an arrangement to stabilize the temperature of its components within an engine cylinder in a direct injection application. The fuel injector includes a body, an armature, a needle, a swirl generator, and a seat. The body has an inlet portion, an outlet portion, a body passage, extending from the inlet portion to the outlet portion along a longitudinal axis of the fuel injector. The armature is located proximate the inlet portion of the body, and is operatively connected to the needle. The needle is provided with a substantially uniform cross-sectional area, and the body is selected to surround the needle and form a body passage that has an average cross-sectional area less than two times the substantially uniform cross-sectional area of the needle.

Abstract: A spraying method and a spray system which comprises a unit (16) metering accessory liquid into the coating-liquid's spray jet (14).

Abstract: A fuel injector is provided with a lower nozzle body which is cooled with a small amount of metered fuel. In one embodiment, a blind passage is formed to extend from the upper portion to the lower end of the injector nozzle valve element. A transverse passage is formed in the nozzle valve element connecting the blind passage and the nozzle bore. Rail pressure causes a metered amount of fuel to flow through the nozzle bore, the transverse passage and upwardly along the blind passage to the drain passage. Inward cooling occurs by providing more surface area over which the fuel flows. In another embodiment, a sleeve is formed to fit over an existing nozzle to form a passage surrounding the injector tip. An orifice is located in the nozzle housing to connect the nozzle cavity with the annular passage thereby providing a small amount of fuel to drain.