Abstract: Attic fire protection sprinklers for protection of the eave regions of the attic space. The eave sprinkler has a fluid deflector for generating a directional spray with a horizontal throw of up to twenty-eight feet (28 ft.). The deflector includes a base having a leading edge with a flap extending angularly from the leading edge of the base. The flap forms a discharge channel that widens in the radial direction from the sprinkler axis. The flap includes a central canopy portion and a pair of sidewalls disposed about the central canopy portion. An attic fire protection system is provided that includes the eave sprinkler to provide a maximum roof span of protection of up to eighty feet (80 ft.) and a roof slope of protection that ranges from 2½:12 to 6:12.

Abstract: A two-part spray nozzle with body and head parts which are joined together is disclosed. The body and head include channels in planar surfaces which are ultimately joined with the channels in alignment. An elastomer, preferably having a cylindrical shape is inserted into the channel to provide a fluid tight seal between the head and body.

Abstract: A rotary disc filter having a backwash system that includes a series of feed pipes that project into and between successive filter discs that are mounted on a rotatable drum. Connected to an outer terminal end portion of the feed pipes is a series of nozzle holders. Each nozzle holder includes a main conduit, a series of branch conduits that project outwardly from the main conduit, and a connector for connecting the nozzle holder to a respective feed pipe. A series of detachable nozzles are secured to the outer terminal ends of the branch conduits.

Abstract: To provide a urinal apparatus, including: a water supplying device configured to supply water to a bowl section of a urinal; a trap section provided in a lower part of the bowl section and configured so that urine and water flow into the trap section; and a water sprinkling device configured to sprinkle water droplets to a region inside the bowl section, the region being located between the trap section and position of a nose of a user facing the bowl section, wherein the timing of sprinkling the water droplets by the water sprinkling device being different from timing of supplying water by the water supplying device.

Abstract: A foam chamber of a fire suppressant system having a closable testing outlet is disclosed. The foam chamber can operate in a testing mode and an operation mode. The invention has an inlet conduit for accepting a fire suppressant fluid attached to an expansion conduit. An expansion enclosure having two closable outlets is also attached to the inlet conduit and surrounds the expansion conduit. One outlet empties into the expansion enclosure. The other outlet extends through the wall of the expansion enclosure and empties outside of the expansion enclosure. Both of the closable outlets can be fitted with either an unbreakable seal or a frangible seal. If the foam chamber is configured for normal operation, the unbreakable seal is placed on the outlet that extends through the wall of the expansion enclosure and a frangible seal is placed on the outlet that empties into the expansion enclosure.

Abstract: A nozzle for a fire suppression system has a bonnet and a deflector base. An inlet port extends through the bonnet along the axis of symmetry of the bonnet. The inlet port receives an outlet end of a fire suppression delivery pipe to mount the bonnet to the pipe. The bonnet has a frustoconical surface which extends radially outward and downward from the inlet port. The deflector base is secured to and co-axially aligned with the bonnet at a predetermined distance to create a flow passageway therebetween. The flow passageway imparts a down angle to a suppressant flow discharging from the nozzle to better disperse the suppressant within the fire zone. A discharge port at the circumferential edge of the bonnet and deflector base constricts the suppressant flow to atomize the droplets of liquid suppressant discharged into the fire zone.

Abstract: Tracer particles together with air are jetted from a nozzle of a seeder into a hood, the air is guided by a collision surface of the hood, deflected to a downstream side in an airflow direction in a wind tunnel, and flows out into the wind tunnel through an opening of the hood. Tracer particles having a large diameter fly straightly without being drifted by the deflected air and collide with the collision surface and are trapped thereon and are prevented from being supplied into the wind tunnel. Tracer particles having a small diameter are drifted by the deflected air, thereby deflected, and supplied into the wind tunnel without collision with and adhesion to the collision surface.

Abstract: A liquid spraying system comprising a plurality of spray nozzles mounted in dependent fashion a liquid supply boom that travels in a field in a direction of movement. The liquid spray nozzle each have a first liquid discharge orifice and deflector flange for directing discharging liquid at a first angle to the vertical in a leading direction, and a second discharge orifice and deflector flange for simultaneously directing liquid in a trailing direction from a different elevation and at a second angle to the vertical different from the first angle for complete coverage of plant foliage.

Abstract: A sidewall fire protection sprinkler, including a deflector having a central portion curved about a first, horizontal axis that is transverse to a second axis that extends in an output direction of the sprinkler. End portions extend outwardly from the central portion along the first axis, the end portions each respectively including an upper part and a lower part separated by a gap which defines an elongated notch extending between the upper part and the lower part at an innermost portion of the gap adjacent to the central portion. The gap is formed extending outwardly from the central portion substantially along the first axis. Planar portions extend respectively from top edges of the upper parts of the end portions. The planar portions extend in the output direction. The sprinkler can provide extended coverage ordinary hazard protection.

Abstract: A spray nozzle includes an orifice disposed on a substantially planar discharge surface. An impingement surface is disposed opposite the orifice, the impingement surface forming an angle with a centerline of the orifice. A deflection ridge bridges a gap between the impingement surface and the discharge surface. Adjacent the deflection ridge is a further trough which extends into the impingement surface. The nozzle includes a fluid fitting adapted for providing a pressurized fluid to the orifice.

Abstract: A combined plug and sealing ring for a sprinkler nozzle includes a nozzle plug having a substantially cylindrical portion adapted to engage within a nozzle orifice of a sprinkler nozzle, and a cap overlaying the substantially cylindrical portion. A sealing ring is adapted to seat onto a threaded pipe fitting portion of the sprinkler nozzle. A leash interconnects the nozzle plug and the sealing ring. A combined plug and sealing ring in combination with a sprinkler nozzle, and a method of installing a sprinkler nozzle in a highly corrosive or extremely corrosive environment are also disclosed.

Abstract: In a preferred embodiment of the present invention a sprinkler is provided, having a first shaft coupled to a drive mechanism and a grooved deflector. A second shaft is disposed within the first shaft, coupled to a water flow adjustment mechanism and an adjustment region on the top of the deflector. The first shaft transfers rotational movement from the drive mechanism to a grooved deflector on the top of the sprinkler. The second shaft rotates with the first shaft during normal operation due to a friction clutch within the sprinkler. When the user desires to adjust the water flow (i.e., the radius of the water), the friction of the clutch can be overcome by rotating the second shaft, increasing openings of flow passages within the sprinkler body. In this respect, flow adjustments can be made from the top of the sprinkler while the deflector rotates.

Abstract: The invention provides an improved miniature spray device (100) for providing uniform water distribution over a designated area surrounding the device (100). The spray device (100) comprises a spray plate (130) which is provided with a water dispersion surface (131) which is preferably cone shaped, a water outlet (120) for directing a stream of water from a pressurized source towards a central region of the spray plate (130), a support frame (150) for holding the spray plate (130) in spaced apart relation to and in alignment with the water outlet (120), wherein the water dispersion surface (131) is provided with flow deflection means (132, 133, 134) for changing the direction of flow of the water as it flows over the surface (131) to produce a substantially uniformly distributed spray pattern.

Abstract: A rotary sprayer (10) for fluids (14), has a rotating disc (22), a drive (58) for the disc (22), and a supply device (28) for the application of fluid (14) onto the disc (22). The disc (22) has a distribution plane (30) for the fluid (14), and at least one opening (34) is provided in the distribution plane (30), via which a secondary flow (50) of the fluid (14) is separated from the main flow (48) to another plane (46). The disc (22) has a first spray edge (44) for spraying the working flow (52) of the fluid (14) and a second spray edge (54) for spraying the secondary flow (50) of the fluid (14). Since the main flow is divided into a secondary flow and a working flow, the effective amount of fluid that is used to moisten the workpiece can be reduced without having to therefore reduce the amount of fluid that is supplied e.g. via the pipe conduit. The formation of drops is thereby reliably prevented and a pipe conduit is used that has a cross-section of adequate size to prevent clogging.

Abstract: A spray nozzle includes an orifice disposed on a substantially planar discharge surface. An impingement surface is disposed opposite the orifice, the impingement surface forming an angle with a centerline of the orifice. The angle between the orifice centerline and the surface is less than 90 degrees. A deflection ridge bridges a gap between the impingement surface and the discharge surface. The deflection ridge encompasses a partial circumference of the nozzle. The nozzle includes a fluid fitting adapted for providing a pressurized fluid to the orifice.

Abstract: A subsurface irrigation system includes an athletic field or the like with a length and width equal to the length and width of the official rules for a sporting event or covering an entire agricultural field and with an excavation depth of about 25 to 50 centimeters. The system also includes a generally impervious plastic sheet or the like that covers the excavation and extends upwardly above the sides thereof. A source of water is disposed outside of the field and a plurality of distribution pipes and water distributors are disposed in the excavated area and extend substantially over the length and width of the excavation. In addition, a main channel connects the distribution pipe to the source of water and a plurality of water distributors are operatively connected to the distribution pipes for receiving water therefrom.

Abstract: An upright fire protection sprinkler having an input orifice at an input end of the sprinkler for receiving fluid and an output orifice at an output end of the sprinkler for outputting fluid. The sprinkler has a connection portion at the input end of the sprinkler and a body extending between the connection portion and the output end. A pair of frame arms extends from the output end and meets at a hub positioned in axial alignment with the output orifice. A deflector is positioned on the hub and is configured to direct fluid output from the output orifice substantially in a direction back toward the output end.

Abstract: A reduced pressure treatment system includes a porous pad positioned at a tissue site and a canister having a collection chamber, an inlet, and an outlet. The inlet is fluidly connected to the porous pad. A reduced pressure source is fluidly connected to the outlet of the canister to such that fluid from the tissue site may be drawn into the collection chamber. A hydrophobic filter is positioned adjacent the outlet to prevent liquid from exiting the collection chamber through the outlet. A baffle is positioned within the canister to create a tortuous path between the inlet and the outlet to prevent premature blocking of the hydrophobic filter.

Abstract: A spray nozzle for an irrigation sprinkler is provided, where the nozzle has a deflector that is configured with depending ribs. Each of the ribs has micro-structures that cooperate with other geometry of the rib and deflector to define a plurality of different micro-ramps for dividing the discharged water into different sprays having different characteristics that can be combined to achieve a spray pattern.

Abstract: In a preferred embodiment of the present invention a sprinkler is provided, having a first shaft coupled to a drive mechanism and a grooved deflector. A second shaft is disposed within the first shaft, coupled to a water flow adjustment mechanism and an adjustment region on the top of the deflector. The first shaft transfers rotational movement from the drive mechanism to a grooved deflector on the top of the sprinkler. The second shaft rotates with the first shaft during normal operation due to a friction clutch within the sprinkler. When the user desires to adjust the water flow (i.e., the radius of the water), the friction of the clutch can be overcome by rotating the second shaft, increasing openings of flow passages within the sprinkler body. In this respect, flow adjustments can be made from the top of the sprinkler while the deflector rotates.

Abstract: A shower head with a housing and a jet outlet surface can be achieved with an example embodiment of the invention. An adjuster device is provided on one side, for adjusting the supply of water to individual or all regions, into which the jet outlet surface is divided. The above can be a central small region and the region surrounding the above. Furthermore, an air supply device is provided for aerating the water jets. The air supply device is simultaneously operated with the switching between the regions.

Abstract: A sidewall fire protection sprinkler including a deflector having a central portion curved about a transverse axis from an output direction of the sprinkler. End portions extend along the transverse axis outwardly from the central portion. The end portions have an upper part and a lower part separated by a gap. Planar portions extend in the output direction from a top edge of the end portions.

Abstract: A spray nozzle includes an orifice disposed on a substantially planar discharge surface. An impingement surface is disposed opposite the orifice, the impingement surface forming an angle with a centerline of the orifice. The angle between the orifice centerline and the surface is less than 90 degrees. A deflection ridge bridges a gap between the impingement surface and the discharge surface. The deflection ridge encompasses a partial circumference of the nozzle. The nozzle includes a fluid fitting adapted for providing a pressurized fluid to the orifice.

Abstract: A fountain system for creating unique water displays or water attractions. The fountain system includes a pump providing water at a flow rate and a plurality of fountain assemblies connected to the pump outlet. Each of the fountain assemblies includes a nozzle such as a bell or dome nozzle that receives the water from the pump and discharges the water from its outlet in the form of an enclosed dome about the nozzle outlet. The fountain assembly includes a fog generator or fogger such as an ultrasonic transducer, positioned proximate to the nozzle discharging fog into the dome where it is trapped by the laminar flow water in the dome wall. Each fountain assembly includes a light source transmitting light into the dome to illuminate and color the captured fog. The flow rate may be changed to alter the shape and size of the domes.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an irrigation sprinkler head having a removable weighted collar thereon. The sprinkler head has a tapered water inlet for wedging a weighted collar having a matching tapered opening therethrough.

Abstract: An ultra low volume pressure independent spray head is disclosed whereby low flow characteristics of point source devices can be applied to larger wetted areas. Device uses elastomeric flow control where the emission channel is large enough to purge particulate matter from it's channels and the spray head has large enough orifices to allow the particulate to pass unimpeded through the discharge arena. This device is designed to utilize flow rates of less than 2 gallons per hour and can compensate for pressures between 10 and 60 pounds per square inch. Construction of this device is through the use of polymers, but other materials can be used as the design is such as to allow for a large variety of applications. This device can be used in the agricultural or horticultural application and is adapted for use in vineyards and can be used singularly or in multiple head arrangements. Design of inlet portion allows for use with flexible or rigid water supply means.

Abstract: Spray nozzle apparatus and method. The apparatus can include a body, a spray orifice, a filter, and an insert. The body can have a spray outlet portion. The spray outlet portion can terminate in a spherical dome. The spray orifice can be included in the spray outlet portion and positioned before the spherical dome in a flow path. The spray orifice can be substantially V-shaped. The insert can be positioned at least partially in the spray outlet portion and can include an entry shaft having a substantially rectangular cross section and at least one projection.

Abstract: A spray nozzle includes an orifice disposed on a substantially planar discharge surface. An impingement surface is disposed opposite the orifice, the impingement surface forming an angle with a centerline of the orifice. The angle between the orifice centerline and the surface is less than 90 degrees. A deflection ridge bridges a gap between the impingement surface and the discharge surface. The deflection ridge encompasses a partial circumference of the nozzle. The nozzle includes a fluid fitting adapted for providing a pressurized fluid to the orifice.

Abstract: An upright fire protection sprinkler having an input orifice at an input end of the sprinkler for receiving fluid and an output orifice at an output end of the sprinkler for outputting fluid. The sprinkler has a connection portion at the input end of the sprinkler and a body extending between the connection portion and the output end. A pair of frame arms extends from the output end and meets at a hub positioned in axial alignment with the output orifice. A deflector is positioned on the hub and is configured to direct fluid output from the output orifice substantially in a direction back toward the output end.

Abstract: A spray nozzle that includes a nozzle body defining a first surface, a cap defining a second surface able to define an annular nozzle opening therebetween, and a turbine having a plurality of radially extending fins circumferentially positioned about the nozzle opening for directing the flow of fluid exiting the nozzle opening. The turbine is rotatably connected to the cap such that the nozzle opening is free of any portion of the turbine. The spray nozzle further includes a grinding member.

Abstract: Systems and methods for high volume, low pressure foam generation are provided that have a wide range of applications, particularly in fire fighting and fire prevention fields. The foam may be effectively delivered to targets that have heretofore been difficult, if not impossible, to reach in a timely, cost effective and/or efficacious manner. Nozzles and nozzle-containing systems are provided for combining water, injected foam and air to generate and/or deliver high volume, low pressure foam. The foam generation systems may be part of portable units that may be worn or otherwise supported by a user (e.g., a back pack), manually transported (e.g., a push cart), or transported with power-assistance (e.g., a power-assist cart). The systems may also be vehicle-mounted. Exemplary nozzle systems include a diffuser unit that facilitates aeration of the water and foam mixture that is fed to the nozzle system.

Abstract: Disclosed is an injector nozzle through which fluid is delivered and which has a port (17) having an internal surface and a valve member (13) having a complementary external surface. The valve member (13) is movable relative to the port (17) to respectively provide a passage between the internal and external surfaces for delivery of fluid in the form of a spray. Alternatively, sealed contact of the surfaces will prevent the delivery of fluid. The nozzle includes a flow control body (30) located beyond an extremity of the port (17). The flow control body (30) has a control surface (33) arranged downstream of the port (17) in the direction of movement of the valve member (13). The control surface (33) is configured and positioned to promote the fluid spray established by the fluid issuing from the port (17) to in part follow a path determined by the shape of the control surface (33).

Abstract: A sprinkler head assembly includes a sprinkler head body, a frame including a pair of arms extending from the body from opposed sides of the body, and a deflector mounted to the frame spaced from the outlet opening of the sprinkler head body for deflecting fire extinguishing liquid flowing from the outlet opening. The sprinkler head assembly is adapted to direct a greater proportion of the fire extinguishing liquid from one side of the sprinkler body than the other side of the sprinkler body.

Abstract: A nozzle for use with a fire hose is capable of varying a discharge pattern while maintaining the total water discharge amount at a fixed level. A first tube 4 is connected to a fire hose, a second tube 5 is screwed onto the first tube, and a throttle valve 40 is disposed on the inside of the second tube. A throttled portion 10 between the second tube and the throttle valve maintains the total water discharge amount at a fixed level. The position of the second tube 5 is varied by rotating a grip 42, and thus the total water discharge amount setting is varied. A third tube 13 is screwed onto the second tube, and a fourth tube 14 is screwed onto the third tube. The position of the third tube 13 is varied by rotating a grip 60, and thus the discharge pattern is varied. The position of the fourth tube 14 is varied by rotating a grip 66, and thus the flow rate of a self-protection water spray is regulated.

Abstract: A snow-gun for producing man-made snow from a combination of compressed air and water features a new nozzle configuration for discharging a mixture of water-particles and air into the surrounding atmosphere. Such nozzle is provided with an elliptically-shaped discharge port having a transverse cross-section that gradually expands in size in the direction in which the air and water particles are discharged from said nozzle. Preferably, the area of the elliptical port changes non-linearly through the front wall of the nozzle, whereby water particles exiting the gun through the nozzle port are less likely to collide with the side walls of the port or with each other before reaching the relatively cold ambient atmosphere.

Abstract: A spray nozzle includes an orifice disposed on a substantially planar discharge surface. An impingement surface is disposed opposite the orifice, the impingement surface forming an angle with a centerline of the orifice. The angle between the orifice centerline and the surface is less than 90 degrees. A deflection ridge bridges a gap between the impingement surface and the discharge surface. The deflection ridge encompasses a partial circumference of the nozzle. The nozzle includes a fluid fitting adapted for providing a pressurized fluid to the orifice.

Abstract: A sprayer has a spray shield and a spray shield retainer. The spray shield is removably attached to the spray shield retainer for efficient storage when not in use. The spray shield can be contoured to the body of the sprayer. The spray shield is configured for attachment to a spray wand proximate to a nozzle.

Abstract: In the embodiments described in the specification, a deck/hall extended coverage horizontal sprinkler arrangement has a sprinkler body with frame arms oriented in a vertical plane and a deflector mounted on the frame arms having semi-conical sections on opposite sides of the frame arms. The semi-conical sections are open in the direction toward the sprinkler orifice and include centrally located horizontal openings with vanes extending forwardly above the opening and top surfaces which are flattened and extend outwardly beyond the edges of the conical surfaces of the semi-conical sections.

Abstract: A shower pipe assembly for use in a pulp processing mill is provided to wash a pulp mat with a liquid wash. The assembly includes a pipe for conveying the liquid wash through a plurality of apertures defined through the pipe wall, the apertures spaced along a substantially straight line. The assembly also includes a plurality of substantially identical flow distributors, including a nozzle and a lip, wherein the nozzle is part of a mount that can be oriented to provide either of two configurations to the lip. The resulting structure provides the liquid wash in two angularly separated planes to the pulp mat. The mount includes a first shoulder and a second shoulder of differing thicknesses and can be selectively oriented to provide the two configurations of the lip to produce the two planes of spray.

Abstract: An air assisted spray nozzle assembly, having particular utility in spraying liquid coolants in continuous metal casting systems, which is adapted for operation with substantially reduced air consumption. The nozzle body includes a pre-atomizing unit that has a relatively small sized pressurized air inlet, a liquid impingement post with a uniquely configured impingement face for enhancing liquid breakdown and intermixing with a pressurized air stream from the air inlet, and an expansion chamber configured to reduce eddy currents that detract from efficient pre-atomization of the liquid. The spray nozzle further includes an elongated spray tip supporting barrel adapted for releasable mounting in the pre-atomizing head in predetermined rotational orientation relative to its longitudinal axis for properly receiving and supporting a removable spray tip.

Abstract: A nozzle plate is provided with annular step portions each located on the periphery of a nozzle opening rim on a valve seat side, which rises up towards the nozzle opening rim from the radial outside of the nozzle, to form a fuel flow which flows in reverse from the radial outside to collide at an incline with a fuel flow which flows directly into the nozzle.

Abstract: A nozzle for spraying surfaces is equipped with a piston rod centrally arranged in a feeding duct. The piston rod has an impact plate which is held by a spring in a position aligned with the surface to be sprayed. As a result of liquid pressure, the impact plate arrives in a second end position at a distance from the surface to be sprayed in which. As a result of a ring gap on an input side around the piston rod, the impact plate becomes a deflecting part for the spraying liquid exiting in a ring shape, which, in a circular spraying cone directed at a flat angle with respect to the surface to be sprayed, is then emitted onto the surface to be sprayed.

Abstract: A nozzle unit of a liquid spray apparatus is constituted by a conduit tube having an outer portion spreading and curvature shape upper inner wall, a disc shape flat plate cover arranged on an upper portion of the conduit, and a coupling. Between the flat plate cover and the conduit tube a spray port of the nozzle unit is formed. From the spray port of the liquid spray apparatus, a thin film liquid (a thin film spray body) is sprayed. To this thin film liquid a swirl component (a squint direction component) is given and run down, to the thin film liquid a liquid pressure fluctuation generates, the pulsation movement is given to the thin film liquid. In a case where a nozzle unit has a ring shape spray port a melon shape spherical thin film spray body is formed and in a case where a nozzle unit has a linear shape spray port a circular shape thin film spray body is formed.

Abstract: An irrigation spray device has a substantially cylindrical peg for insertion into a water supply tube. A longitudinal water supply groove extends along the peg, with a water deflecting plate at one end of the groove for deflecting water traveling downwardly along the groove into an outwardly directed spray. The water deflecting plate has a smooth, convex curved or part-conical shape for forming a smooth, continuous, cone-shaped spray. The supply groove may be U-shaped for improved uniformity.

Abstract: The showerhead (10) includes a main housing (12) that forms the central supply inlet (16), a supply passage section (20) for the central inlet and a peripheral deflector (22). A disc (26) is applied to the main housing (12). The Venturi passages (40) are made up between housing (14) and the disc (26). A showerhead (10) is intended to deliver an aerated stream of water that has passed through and has been aerated by Venturi passages 40. The Venturi passages (40) radially extend from the supply inlet (16) toward the periphery (22) of the head (14). An air intake passage (44) communicates with the ambient exterior and also communicates with the Venturi passage between its nozzle (50) and diffuser (52). The deflector (22) is arranged to divert the aerated stream of water coming out of the individual Venturi passages in order to deliver them in substantially axial direction perpendicular to the plane (29) of the showerhead.

Abstract: An automatic sidewall sprinkler includes a body, a deflector, a closure member, and a trigger. The deflector is movably mounted between a retracted position wherein at least a portion of the deflector is recessed within the body and an extended position for dispersing pressurized fluid. The deflector includes at least two horizontal deflecting surfaces for directing the fluid outwardly and downwardly from the sprinkler. The trigger applies a biasing force to urge the deflector in the retracted position and to urge the closure member to close the outlet. Upon detecting a temperature associated with a fire, the trigger releases the biasing force whereby the pressurized fluid moves the closure member off the outlet and moves the deflector to the extended position. Preferably, the trigger includes an ejector member which urges the trigger to eject outwardly from the body to improve release of the trigger from the sprinkler.

Abstract: A faucet structure mainly comprises an outer pipe, an inner seat and a rotatable portion. The inner seat has a central ring portion and several fixing ribs. The rotatable portion has a screw portion and a sealing portion. So, the outer surface of the sealing portion can be rotated in to close the water outlet. Or, it can be rotated out by a user's fingers to form a ring-shaped gap for allowing water flow out. In summary, in this invention, the washing area is larger. There is no need to wash the faucet after the hands are washed. It significantly improves the public sanitary level. The application scope is wide. The manufacture cost is low. It has various designs. The leaking problem caused by sands can be solved. The out flowing water is more evenly. And, it can save more water.

Abstract: In FIG. 1, turbulent water or other fluid enters the nozzle body, 2, at inlet port, 1, and encounters the convex surface of a porous filter which has been formed into the shape of a hollow hemisphere, 3, at the center of which is the exit orifice. As the fluid flows through the hollow hemispherical diffuser it has its Reynold's Number significantly reduced. The energy of any gross turbulences on the convex side of the diffuser tends to be converted to a very great number of micro-turbulences which tend to be self canceling. Since the diffuser, 3, also shown in FIG. 3, is shaped as a hollow hemisphere centered upon the exit orifice, 4, then all water flowing from the diffuser to the exit orifice has substantially the same distance to travel from all directions. With this low-turbulence fluid all having substantially the same straight-line distance to travel to the exit orifice, 4, there tends to be little new turbulence introduced and the fluid, 5, exiting the orifice, 4, tends to be highly laminar.

Abstract: A sprinkler head especially adapted for use in irrigation systems, such as center pivot irrigation systems, in which a long water conduit is connected at one end to a source of water under pressure. The sprinkler head has a body attached to a water supply and has a water inlet and a nozzle for directing water therefrom. The sprinkler head body has an upper body portion having a first interlocking member thereon and a lower body portion having a plurality of arms extending therefrom. A water deflecting head is removably attached to the sprinkler head body lower body portion below the plurality of downwardly extending arms to deflect water being emitted from a nozzle thereagainst. A weighted collar has a bore therethrough and has a second interlocking member thereon. The weighted collar has a weight greater than one quarter pound and is removably attached to the sprinkler head body upper body portion with a second interlocking member engaging the sprinkler upper body interlocking member.

Abstract: A nozzle for spraying surfaces is equipped with a piston rod centrally arranged in a feeding duct. The piston rod has an impact plate which is held by a spring in a position aligned with the surface to be sprayed. As a result of liquid pressure, the impact plate arrives in a second end position at a distance from the surface to be sprayed in which. As a result of a ring gap on an input side around the piston rod, the impact plate becomes a deflecting part for the spraying liquid exiting in a ring shape, which, in a circular spraying cone directed at a flat angle with respect to the surface to be sprayed, is then emitted onto the surface to be sprayed.