Abstract: A fuel injector includes an orifice disc. The orifice disc includes a peripheral portion, a central portion, and an orifice. The peripheral portion is with respect to a longitudinal axis and extends parallel to a base plane. The peripheral portion bounds the central portion. The central portion includes a facet that extends parallel to a plane that is oblique with respect to the base plane. The orifice penetrates the facet and extends along an orifice axis that is oblique with respect to the plane. As such, the orientation of the orifice with respect to the longitudinal axis is defined by a combination of (1) a first relationship of the plane with respect to the base plane, and (2) a second relationship of the orifice axis with respect to the plane. A method of forming a multi-facetted dimple for the orifice disc is also described.

Abstract: A fuel injection valve has: a tubular body, a valve seat member, a valve body, a core tube, a bias spring, and an electromagnetic actuator. The core tube is press fitted into the tubular body. The core tube has a first end side opposing an absorption section of the valve body in such a manner as to form an axial gap interposed between the first end side of the core tube and the absorption section. The core tube has a second end side axially extending in the tubular body to a certain position on a way to the second end side of the tubular body. The axially extending second end side of the core tube has an outer periphery which is formed with a reduced diameter section for increasing an accuracy in positioning the core tube when the core tube is press fitted into the tubular body.

Abstract: A fuel injection assembly comprising a main structure (101) for mounting on an internal combustion engine, the main structure having one or more orifices (115) for injecting fuel directly into the combustion chamber of the internal combustion engine, and the main structure also having mounted thereon charge electrodes (105, 118) positioned to provide an electric field which passes through the flow of fuel, for charging fuel particles to improve atomisation. The main structure also has mounted thereon a spark electrode (104) adapted to provide a fuel ignition spark for the internal combustion engine. The main structure of the assembly is adapted for removable mounting, having a threaded portion (102) adapted to co-operate with a threaded aperture in the internal combustion engine, normally adapted to receive a convention spark plug.

Abstract: A nozzle for a low pressure fuel injector that improves the control and size of the spray angle, as well as enhances the atomization of the fuel delivered to a cylinder of an engine.

Abstract: A dosing device comprises a housing (1) provided with an actuator, a dosing opening (8), a guiding shaft (6) which surrounds part of the valve needle (7) and forms a valve chamber (10) with the same, and a fluid chamber module (4) which is welded to the housing (1) in the form of a duct for guiding the valve needle (7) into the housing (9). The fluid chamber module (4) and the housing (1) are assembled along a separation surface (13) which is subjected to pressure by the dosing liquid and is formed almost only by axial cylinder wall surface parts (13) in order to reduce the pressure load on the weld seam (13).

Abstract: In an injection hole plate of a fuel injection apparatus, a second-side hole section of each injection hole extends from a downstream end of a base wall of the injection hole plate and is communicated with first-side hole sections, which extends from an upstream end of the wall of the injection hole plate to an axially intermediate point of the wall. The first-side hole sections may discharge fuel into the second-side hole section in a manner that forms a swirl fuel flow in the second-side hole section. The injection hole plate may includes a collision portion, in which fuel flows supplied from the first-side hole sections collide with one another.

Abstract: A nozzle for a low pressure fuel injector that improves the control and size of the spray angle, as well as enhances the atomization of the fuel delivered to a cylinder of an engine.

Abstract: In an injection nozzle for an internal combustion engine including a nozzle housing, a closure member disposed in a nozzle opening and connected to a nozzle needle for axially moving the closure member outwardly off its seat in the nozzle opening to open the nozzle by providing a gap to permit fuel to be discharged into a combustion chamber of an internal combustion engine so as to form a fuel injection cone, the nozzle seal and the closure member have seal surface areas provided with turbulence chambers for imparting turbulence to the fuel flowing through the gap in order to more finely atomize the fuel forming the fuel cone in the combustion chamber.

Abstract: A fuel injection valve for internal combustion engines, with a housing that contains a moving valve element whose movement counter to the elastic force of a spring element controls the fuel supply to the combustion chamber of the engine. The spring element has the form of a cylindrical sleeve whose wall contains openings at a number of locations that allow the spring element to be elastically deformed in the longitudinal direction.

Abstract: A nozzle for a low pressure fuel injector that improves the control and size of the spray angle, as well as enhances the atomization of the fuel delivered to a cylinder of an engine.

Abstract: An injection nozzle for an internal combustion engine has a valve member moveable within a bore of a nozzle body, and a seating surface defining a seat cone angle the valve member including a first frustoconical valve region, a second frustoconical valve region, and an annular groove defining, in part, a delivery chamber in communication with at least one nozzle outlet. The annular groove is disposed intermediate the first and second valve regions such that a first seating line is defined at the mutual interface between the first valve region and the annular groove and is engageable with the seating surface to control delivery of fuel from a first supply chamber to the deliver chamber, and a second seating line is defined at the mutual interface between the second valve region and the annular groove and is engageable with the seating surface to control delivery from a second supply chamber to the delivery chamber.

Abstract: A fuel injector includes a metering orifice disc. The metering orifice disc includes a peripheral portion, a central portion, and an orifice. The peripheral portion is with respect to a longitudinal axis and extends parallel to a base plane. The peripheral portion bounds the central portion. The central portion includes a facet that extends parallel to a plane that is oblique with respect to the base plane. The orifice penetrates the facet and extends along an orifice axis that is oblique with respect to the plane. As such, the orientation of the orifice with respect to the longitudinal axis is defined by a combination of (1) a first relationship of the plane with respect to the base plane, and (2) a second relationship of the orifice axis with respect to the plane. A method of forming a multi-facetted dimple for the metering orifice disc is also described.

Abstract: A fuel injector for an internal combustion engine has a nozzle body (36) provided with a nozzle bore (42), an inner valve (16) which is engageable with an inner valve seating (48) to control fuel delivery through one or more first nozzle outlets (38), and an outer valve (18) which is received within the nozzle bore (42) and engageable with an outer valve seating (48) to control fuel delivery through one or more second nozzle outlets (40). An actuator (14) for controlling movement of the inner and outer valves (16, 18) transmits an actuation force to the valves (16, 18) so as to permit either movement of the inner valve (16) only to provide a first injection state in which fuel is delivered through only the or each of the first outlets (38), or movement of the outer valve (18) only to provide a second injection state in which fuel is delivered through only the or each of the second outlets (40).

Abstract: A fluid injection nozzle has an injection port plate, an injection port and a protruding portion. The injection port plate is to be mounted on a downstream end of a fluid injection valve so that a center axis thereof is coaxial to the fluid injection valve. The injection port penetrates the injection port plate between an inlet and an outlet. The protruding portion protrudes from an inner surface of the injection port to shift a direction of at least a part of a fluid flow passing through the injection port to flow in a circumferential direction of the inner surface.

Abstract: Metering components of a fuel injector that allow spray targeting and distribution of fuel to be configured using non-angled or straight orifice having an axis parallel to a longitudinal axis of the fuel metering components. Metering orifices are located about the longitudinal axis and defining a first virtual circle greater than a second virtual or bolt circle defined by a projection of the sealing surface onto the metering disc so that all of the metering orifices are disposed outside the second virtual or bolt circle within one quadrant of the circle. A channel is formed between the seat orifice and the metering disc that allows the fuel injector to generate a spray pattern along the longitudinal axis that forms a flow area on a virtual plane transverse to the longitudinal axis.

Abstract: A system for machining a component with complex contour. The machining system includes a coolant flow nozzle with an interior passage with a first portion having a first cross-sectional shape, and a second portion having a second cross-sectional shape, with the second cross-sectional shape selected so that fluid discharged from the nozzle has a selected cross-sectional shape. A method of fabricating a coolant flow nozzle with an interior passage that has a varying cross sectional shape.

Abstract: A fuel injection valve for internal combustion engines includes a valve body (1) in which a bore (5) is defined in one end, in which a first row of injection openings (20) and a second row of injection openings (22) are formed. In the bore (5), an outer valve needle (8) cooperates with the valve seat (18) for controlling the first row of injection openings (20); between the outer valve needle (8) and the wall of the bore (5), a pressure chamber (14) is formed. In the outer valve needle (8), an inner bore (11) is formed, in which an inner valve needle (10) is located and which cooperates with the valve seat (18) for controlling the second row of injection openings (22). A pressure shoulder (30) is formed on the inner valve needle. A hydraulic opening force is exerted on the inner valve needle (10); by its opening stroke, the outer valve needle (8) opens a throttle connection (32) from the pressure chamber (14) to the pressure shoulder (30) of the inner valve needle (10).

Abstract: A fuel supply system, having a housing, in which a pistonlike element is disposed longitudinally displaceably in a bore and is guided sealingly in the bore by a guide portion. On one end, the guide portion adjoins a first fuel-filled chamber, and on its other end it adjoins a second fuel-filled chamber. At least one recess extending at least approximately in the circumferential direction is embodied in the guide portion of the pistonlike element and extends over at least part of the circumference of the pistonlike element and, viewed in the longitudinal direction of the pistonlike element, has an asymmetrical cross section.

Abstract: A fuel injector for the direct injection of fuel into the combustion chamber of an internal combustion engine includes a valve needle situated in a nozzle body, the valve needle being actuable by an actuator and acted upon by a restoring spring in such a manner that a valve-closure member which is in operative connection to the valve needle and faces the combustion chamber is kept in sealing contact with a valve-seat surface in the non-actuated state of the actuator. A first jet-opening angle ?1 is assigned to a first lift state of the valve needle and a second jet-opening angle ?2 to a second lift state of the valve needle.

Abstract: A nozzle for a low pressure fuel injector that improves the control and size of the spray angle, as well as enhances the atomization of the fuel delivered to a cylinder of an engine.

Abstract: A fuel injector nozzle assembly includes an injector body including a valve seat with a supply passage through which fuel flows generally along a supply axis. The valve seat presents an upper surface which is adapted to engage a valve to seal the supply passage. A nozzle plate is mounted onto the valve seat and includes a plurality of orifice holes therein through which fuel flows. The valve seat further includes a first edge protrusion protruding into the fuel flow for generating a first separation of the fuel flow, thereby creating a plurality of small eddies which are entrained within the fuel flowing adjacent thereto. A turbulence cavity is defined by the nozzle plate and the valve seat wherein fuel flows into the turbulence cavity through the supply passage and out from the turbulence cavity through the plurality of orifice holes.

Abstract: Disclosed is an injector nozzle through which fluid is delivered and which has a port (17) having an internal surface and a valve member (13) having a complementary external surface. The valve member (13) is movable relative to the port (17) to respectively provide a passage between the internal and external surfaces for delivery of fluid in the form of a spray. Alternatively, sealed contact of the surfaces will prevent the delivery of fluid. The nozzle includes a flow control body (30) located beyond an extremity of the port (17). The flow control body (30) has a control surface (33) arranged downstream of the port (17) in the direction of movement of the valve member (13). The control surface (33) is configured and positioned to promote the fluid spray established by the fluid issuing from the port (17) to in part follow a path determined by the shape of the control surface (33).

Abstract: An injection nozzle is proposed in which the nozzle needle has an annular groove in the vicinity of the transition between the blind hole and the nozzle needle seat. In seat hole injection nozzles, the annular groove is disposed in the vicinity of the injection orifice(s). The annular groove reduces the tolerance of the flow resistance of the injection nozzle with a partial stroke of the nozzle needle and thus permits a more precise measurement of the fuel quantity injected.

Abstract: Multiple injection holes are formed in an injection hole plate. Each injection hole penetrates the injection hole plate. The injection hole is formed with an inlet side opening and an outlet side opening. The outlet side opening is formed in the shape of a flattened rectangle having a major axis and a minor axis. Therefore, the fuel flowing into the injection hole through the inlet side opening is injected in the shape of a film from the outlet side opening. Thus, liquid film splitting is promoted, so atomization of the fuel is promoted. Since the multiple injection holes are formed in the injection hole plate, the shape of a great fuel spray, which is formed by combining fuel sprays injected from the respective injection holes, can be adjusted easily.

Abstract: It is an object of the present invention is to provide a fuel injection valve and its apparatus, and an internal combustion engine, a method for manufacturing the fuel injection valve and its nozzle body, and a method for manufacturing the same capable of securing highly accurate and stabilized fuel spraying characteristics. The fuel injection valve comprises a nozzle body, an injection hole provided in the nozzle body, a valve body for opening and closing a fuel passage from the injection hole relative to the nozzle body, and a drive means for driving the valve body, wherein formed is a protrusion having an opening in communication with the downstream side of the injection hole of the nozzle body and which part of the side and an extreme end are opened. The invention resides in a nozzle body and manufacturing it by plastic processing, and an internal combustion engine using the same.

Abstract: A nozzle for a low pressure fuel injector that improves the control and size of the spray angle, as well as enhances the atomization of the fuel delivered to a cylinder of an engine.

Abstract: A fuel injector (1) having a chamber (7) with a fuel inlet (8) and a plurality of fuel outlets (10), and including a fuel distributor (18) that is arranged in the chamber (7) for the purpose of distributing fuel introduced into the chamber (7) via the fuel inlet (8) to the outlets (10). The fuel distributor (18) includes a generally rotary symmetric distributor body (19).

Abstract: A fuel injector for spraying fuel into a combustion chamber comprises a spray head (6) extending along a central axis (X) from a base (6a) to a free end (6b), the head comprising a free outside face (6c, 6d) defining an internal injection combustion (6), and at least two groups (01; 20; 30) of injection orifices, each of the groups (10; 20; 30) of injection orifices comprising a first orifice (11; 21; 31) and at least one second orifice (12; 22; 32), each adapted to spray a fuel jet along a respective first and second directions (D11, D21, D31; D12, D22, D32), the first and second directions forming between them an acute angle (?). All of the internal openings of the injection orifices in each of the groups of orifices are situated substantially in a common plane (P) extending substantially transversely relative to the central axis (X) of the head (6) of the injector. The injector particularly intended for a direct-injection diesel engine.

Abstract: A nozzle for a low pressure fuel injector that improves the control and size of the spray angle, as well as enhances the atomization of the fuel delivered to a cylinder of an engine.

Abstract: A fuel injection valve with a valve body in which a valve needle that has a longitudinal axis can slide in the longitudinal direction in a bore. The combustion chamber end of the bore is provided with a conical valve seat between the valve needle and the wall of the bore a pressure chamber is formed, which can be filled with fuel and extends to the valve seat. The valve needle has a valve sealing surface that cooperates with the valve seat in order to control at least one injection opening leading from the valve seat and contains an annular groove that extends in a radial plane of the valve needle. The downstream edge of the annular groove is embodied as a sealing edge and is hydraulically connected to the pressure chamber on a continuous basis.

Abstract: A fuel injector regulator having combined initial injection and peak injection pressure regulation. The fuel injector regulator includes a rate shaping valve movably supported within a valve bore between a closed position and an open position to regulate a rate of injected fuel. The regulator further includes a waste gate valve having a body movably supported within a bore of the rate shaping valve and between a closed position and an open position to regulate the pressure of injected fuel.

Abstract: A director plate system for a fuel injector for use in an internal combustion engine. The system includes flow channels for directing the fuel stream radially inward toward the discharge holes. The cross-sectional area of the flow channels diminish inwardly, in the direction of flow, to accelerate the fuel stream. A swirl element, for imparting tangential velocities or eddies to a plurality of individual fuel streams, can be combined with the radially inward directed flow channels. The director plate system may be provided as individual plates in a stack or may be combined with each other and/or the valve seat in a variety of plate configurations to simplify the number of components.

Abstract: A fuel injector including a tubular casing having an axial fuel passage. Disposed within the fuel passage are a valve seat element, a core cylinder, and a valve element axially moveably disposed therebetween and opposed to the core cylinder with an axial air gap. An electromagnetic actuator cooperates with the casing, the valve element and the core cylinder to form a magnetic field forcing the valve element to the open position against a spring between the valve element and the core cylinder upon being energized. The casing includes a reluctance portion producing an increased magnetic reluctance and allowing the magnetic field to extend to the valve element and the core cylinder through the air gap. The reluctance portion has a reduced radial thickness and an axial length extending over the air gap.

Abstract: A fuel injector includes a seat, a movable member cooperating with the seat, and an orifice plate. The orifice disc includes a member having first and second generally parallel surfaces, and an orifice extending through the member between first and second generally planar surfaces of the member. The orifice is defined by a wall that couples the first and second surfaces. The wall includes first and second wall portions. The first wall portion is spaced from the first surface and extends substantially perpendicular to the first and second generally planar surfaces and about the longitudinal axis to define a transition perimeter. The second wall portion couples the first wall portion to the first surface to define a inlet perimeter on the first surface.

Abstract: A fuel injection arrangement, which comprises a fuel source and a fuel nozzle connected thereto, including a fuel chamber and a needle valve arrangement in connection with the fuel chamber for controlling the fuel injection and an arrangement for bringing about a force effect on the valve of the needle valve arrangement in the closing direction thereof; a fuel control arrangement by means of the different switching positions of which, the fuel flow connection is connectable between the fuel source and the fuel chamber of the fuel nozzle as well as between the fuel source and the arrangement for bringing about a force effect, in which the fuel control arrangement comprises a mechanical force unit for changing its switching positions.

Abstract: A fuel injection valve with high freedom to optimize the direction of fuel spray, the shape of spray, the length of penetration, the existence/absence of lead spray and the like, in correspondence with each type of internal combustion engine is provided. A swirling force about a central axis of an injection orifice is supplied by a swirler to fuel injected from the injection orifice. A central axis E of the injection orifice is slanted at a predetermined deflection angle to a central axis of a valve body. Further, a step portion is formed in an end surface of the injection orifice.

Abstract: A fuel injection valve has a nozzle having a valve seat formed along an inner wall of the nozzle. Injection holes are located on an outlet side of the valve seat. An outlet section, at which a fuel outlet of the injection hole is open, is provided to said nozzle on a side opposite to said valve seat. An enlargement section extends away from the valve seat while being gradually enlarged from an edge of said outlet section in a radial direction.

Abstract: A new fuel injecting device is comprised of a nozzle body formed a fuel supply hole in the center top end for injecting the fuel to a combustion chamber, a plurality of the spiral grooves and the edge grooves formed vertically and alternately on the outer peripheral surface of the lower portion. Each edge groove is positioned between two adjacent spiral grooves for supplying the fuel through the fuel supply hole. Each spiral groove and edge groove are formed a flow sectional area reduced gradually from inlet to outlet. A cylindrical shaped nozzle case is openable upward or downward and adapted to accommodate the nozzle body at a lower portion and the injector at an upper portion. The injector is positioned on the nozzle body and the injection hole is tightly secured onto the fuel supply hole of the nozzle body.

Abstract: A fuel injection valve with a valve body that contains a bore delimited at its end oriented toward the combustion chamber by a valve seat and whose end region oriented toward the combustion chamber has at least one injection opening. A piston-shaped valve needle is contained in the bore in a longitudinally sliding fashion and has an essentially conical valve sealing surface by means of which the valve needle cooperates with the valve seat in order to control the at least one injection opening. The valve seat has a first conical partial surface and a second conical partial surface wherein the second conical partial surface is disposed downstream of the first conical partial surface and is raised in relation to it.

Abstract: A fuel injector is provided which has an injector body with a metallic tip having an outer surface. A non-metallic insulator, such as a ceramic, is attached to the tip and covers a portion of the outer surface. Injector tip overheating can be a problem, especially during sustained two-cycle boosted engine compression release braking. In addition, injector tip overheating can be a problem when an engine is experiencing simultaneous engine compression release braking and exhaust braking.

Abstract: There is provided a fuel injection valve in which nozzle holes are formed on a metering plate and fuel flowing on a face of the metering plate on the upstream side is injected outside of a face of the metering plate on the downstream side through the nozzle holes. The fuel injection valve includes a vortex flow generator means for changing a flow of fuel passing in each nozzle hole into a vortex flow, wherein the vortex flow generator means is provided on the upstream side of the metering plate. The vortex flow means is a vortex flow generator groove provided on an upper face of the metering plate and connected with a wall face of an entrance of the nozzle hole, and a main stream of fuel flowing in the groove is directed to a position shifted from the center of the nozzle hole. Alternatively, the vortex flow means is a protrusion formed on an upper face of the metering plate. A flow of fuel is changed into a vortex flow in the nozzle hole and injected from the nozzle hole.

Abstract: An injection nozzle (10), for use in a fuel injector for an internal combustion engine, has an inner valve needle (26) which is engageable with an inner valve seating (24, 58) to control fuel delivery through one or more first nozzle outlets (14), and an outer valve (28) which is engageable with an outer valve seating (24, 70) to control fuel delivery through one or more second outlets (16). The outer valve (28) is provided with a valve bore (36) within which at least a part of the inner valve needle (26) is received. Coupling means (46, 48) are provided for coupling movement of the inner valve needle (26) to the outer valve (28) in circumstances in which the inner valve needle (26) is moved away from the inner valve seating (24, 58) through an amount exceeding a predetermined threshold amount (D). This allows the outer valve (28) to be lifted away from the outer valve seating (24, 70) to provide an increased injection rate.

Abstract: A fuel injection valve is comprised of a nozzle plate which has at least four nozzle-hole sets. Each of the nozzle-hole sets has at least two nozzle holes through which fuel injection flows are injected and are collided with each other. The nozzle-hole sets are arranged into two aggregations so that the collided fuel injection flows are joined and are directed to two different directions.

Abstract: A fuel injector nozzle assembly includes an injector body including a valve seat with a supply passage through which fuel flows generally along a supply axis. The valve seat presents an upper surface which is adapted to engage a valve to seal the supply passage. A nozzle plate is mounted onto the valve seat and includes a plurality of orifice holes therein through which fuel flows. The valve seat further includes a first edge protrusion protruding into the fuel flow for generating a first separation of the fuel flow, thereby creating a plurality of small eddies which are entrained within the fuel flowing adjacent thereto. A turbulence cavity is defined by the nozzle plate and the valve seat wherein fuel flows into the turbulence cavity through the supply passage and out from the turbulence cavity through the plurality of orifice holes.

Abstract: A nozzle for a low pressure fuel injector that improves the control and size of the spray angle, as well as enhances the atomization of the fuel delivered to a cylinder of an engine.

Abstract: A valve subassembly of a fuel injector that allows spray targeting and distribution of fuel to be configured using non-angled or straight orifice having an axis parallel to a longitudinal axis of the subassembly. Metering orifices are located about the longitudinal axis and defining a first virtual circle greater than a second virtual circle defined by a projection of the sealing surface onto the metering disc so that all of the metering orifices are disposed outside the second virtual circle. The projection of the sealing surface converges at a virtual apex disposed within the metering disc. At least one channel extends between a first end and second end. The first end is disposed at a first radius from the longitudinal axis and spaced at a first distance from the metering disc.

Abstract: It is, accordingly, an object of the present teachings to provide fuel injectors that can prevent leakage of noise, which is caused by contact of the valve with the valve seat, to the outside of the fuel injector. a representative injector may comprise a fuel passage, a valve, a valve seat, a jet opening and a jet opening downstream channel. The valve is disposed on the fuel passage and the valve seat receives the valve. The jet opening is formed in the valve seat and through which fuel is exhausted. The jet opening may be opened when the valve is moved apart from the valve seat. The jet opening downstream channel extends downstream from the jet opening through the valve seat and communicates the jet opening to the outside. The diameter of the jet opening downstream channel may be arranged and adapted such that the valve seat has a wall thickness to prevent leakage of noise to the outside through the valve seat.

Abstract: Disclosed is a fuel injection valve for internal combustion engines having a valve body in which a hollow valve needle is disposed longitudinally displaceably in a bore. The hollow valve needle, on its end toward the combustion chamber, has a conical valve sealing face, which cooperates with a conical valve seat disposed on the end of the bore toward the combustion chamber. A longitudinal bore is embodied in the hollow valve needle, and a valve needle is disposed in it and, with a valve contact face embodied on its end toward the combustion chamber, likewise cooperates with the valve seat. The tip of the hollow valve needle toward the combustion chamber is formed by a chamfer.

Abstract: An angle of spray of a fuel injection valve is narrowed when a temperature of an internal combustion engine is low, whereas the angle of spray of the fuel injection valve is widened in a low and intermediate load region where the temperature of the internal combustion engine is high. The angle of spray of the fuel injection valve is narrowed and also a spray condition is controlled so that the fuel spray comes unevenly in contact with an exhaust side portion of a valve head of an intake valve, in a high load region where the temperature of the internal combustion engine is high.

Abstract: A Divided Chamber combustion system comprising an energy-cell built in the bottom of a deep piston bowl; aligned in the cylinder's centerline; in fluid communication with the main combustion chamber through one main transfer passage disposed in its centerline and a plurality of auxiliary transfer passages circularly disposed around it. Each auxiliary transfer passage is at least inclined on a plane parallel to the cell's centerline. The injection nozzle, centrally-located in the fire deck of the cylinder head, includes a central pintle discharging fuel on the cylinder's centerline; and a plurality of small auxiliary orifices circularly surrounding the central pintle; discharging at a radial angle to the cylinder's centerline.