Abstract: The invention is directed to a reflector assembly in a satellite system including a reflector having a reflecting surface and a back surface. The back surface is opposite the reflecting surface and has a plurality of ribs extending transversely therefrom. The reflector further includes a heater assembly embedded therein. The reflector assembly further includes a layer of closed cell plastic foam insulation which covers the heater assembly within the reflector. An inside surface of the insulation is disposed adjacent to the back surface of the reflector and includes a plurality of grooves. The plurality of grooves are configured to receive the plurality of ribs therein. The layer of insulation also includes a coating of ultraviolet radiation protectant disposed over an outside surface of the insulation.

Abstract: An apparatus and process in which an atomizer is provided with an array of discharge holes located a distance from the atomizer whirling chamber greater than 400/512 times the radius of the whirling chamber.

Abstract: A self-righting inflatable toy coupleable to a source of pressurized water for producing water sprays emanating from the toy's top and sides. The toy comprises a ballasted inflatable housing including a rounded base portion and an elongated shaft portion. An upper spray producing mechanism disposed in the distal end of the shaft is provided for selectively creating a water spray directed vertically upward from the shaft. Dual-channelled tubing mechanism carried on the outer surface of the housing connect the upper spray producing mechanism to the water source and further selectively provide a water spray directed radially outward from the housing. Flow control mechanisms associated with the tubing enable the user to select the desired spray pattern.

Abstract: A nozzle for generating and distributing water fog through discharge orifices (18), for example for use for extinguishing fires fighting equipment. At least two of the channels converge and collide at a point outside the nozzle, which comprises an attachment (10) for connection with a water conduit. The attachment is provided with a support surface (16; 19) for a nozzle head (12; 21, 24). The nozzle head (12; 21, 24) is provided with at least one support surface (17; 22) cooperating with the support surface (16; 19) of the attachment. The discharge orifices (18) are located at the support surfaces (16, 17, 19, 22) between the head (12, 21; 24) and the attachment (10).

Abstract: A new Automatic Sprinkler Garden Edging System for simultaneously bordering and watering a lawn thereby providing an even distribution of water to the lawn while being unnoticed. The inventive device includes a resilient water dispensing cornice, a resilient support wall secured to the resilient water dispensing cornice, and a coupling means removably securing compartments of the present invention together.

Abstract: A vacuum boost device is connected in line with a vacuum suction line. The boost device includes a housing connected in said vacuum line and an inlet through which air of a liquid is directed to enter into the vacuum stream to assist in the vacuum and to break debris drawn through the boost device into smaller particles.

Abstract: The nozzle effects three stages of liquid atomization. The first stage is carried out by means of a single liquid orifice and an expansion chamber containing an impingement pin. A high velocity stream of liquid is discharged through the liquid orifice and is broken-up upon striking the flat end of the impingement pin. The second stage is produced by an air guide which reduces in area to form jets of air into a high velocity annular air curtain, the curtain passing through the liquid orifice in surrounding relation with the liquid stream and striking the broken-up flow of the first stage to atomize the particles. The mixture is then allowed to expand in the expansion chamber to reduce the tendency of the liquid particles in the atomized mixture from commingling together and reforming into larger particles. The third stage is effected by the expansion chamber and by multiple discharge orifices.

Abstract: The apparatus includes a plate (10) having a first layer (12) and a second layer (14) opposed to the first layer (12). A first fluid distributing conduit (28) is disposed in the first layer (12) and a second fluid distributing conduit (28) is disposed in the second layer (14). A first nozzle housing (30) having a first aperture (36) is disposed in the first fluid distributing conduit (28) and a second nozzle housing (30) having a second aperture (36) is disposed in the second fluid distributing conduit (28).

Abstract: A connector member (10) for use with a sprinkler system includes a hollow body (12) having a passage (14) therein, and at least two open end portions (16) for communication with the exterior. Each open end portion (16) includes an inner tubular section (18) in communication with the passage (14) of the body (12), and an outer tubular section (20) in a concentric relation with the inner tubular sections (18). The outer tubular section (20) includes external threads (23) on its surface around the central axis, and several slits (21) extending from the edge axially. The connector member (10) further includes two types of covers (26, 28) for respective cooperation with the open end portions (16) wherein one type is a fastening device (26) to firmly attach the pipe onto one open and portion (16) of the connector member (10), and the other type is a irrigation device (28) installed onto the other open end portion (16) for adjustable spraying water on the ground around such connector member (10).

Abstract: A nozzle for depositing the shaped layer of the pliable material includes a platform having a shaping tip. The shaping tip has converging sides at one end and generally parallel sides at the other end. The portion of the tip at the first end has a lower elevation than the portion of the tip at the second end. Holes for moving the pliable material are provided in the platform on each side of the tip and in tips intermediate its ends. The different elevation and converging end minimizes if not eliminates tailing.

Abstract: A silicon orifice element includes an upper silicon plate and a lower silicon plate. A liquid can be injected through injection orifices of the upper silicon plate. Recesses which form air conduits are present in the lower silicon plate. The atomization and spray angle of the liquid stream passing through the injection orifices can be influenced by certain arrangements of the air conduits.

Abstract: An ultrasonic atomizer device comprises an elongate body member having a proximal end and a distal end, the elongate body member being provided at least along a distal segment with a longitudinally extending liquid guide channel. The body member is further provided at its distal end with a radially enlarged head and at least one orifice communicating with the channel at a distal end thereof, the orifice extending to an atomizing surface disposed externally to the body in a recess on a proximal side of the head. The body is also provided with means for forming an operative connection with a source of ultrasonic vibrations.

Abstract: A dual-fluid low pressure drop atomizer utilizes extended wear life material and comprises a nozzle head having a chamber therein for receiving a mixture of a first compressible fluid and a second fluid containing solids. The nozzle head also has an orifice therein communicating with and adjacent to the mix chamber for discharging jets of the mixture. The orifice and the mix chamber form an approximate right angle therebetween. An inner barrel is connected to the nozzle head at the mix chamber and supplies the first fluid to the nozzle head. An outer barrel is arranged around the inner barrel creating an annulus therebetween and is also connected to the nozzle head for supplying the second fluid to the nozzle head. Wear resistant material provided in the mix chamber reduces erosion within the atomizer head. A plurality of ports are provided in the nozzle head and communicate with the orifice for discharging a jet at a multiplicity of locations.

Abstract: A painting gun having a ring-like gun main body with a circumferential opening formed in one peripheral portion thereof so as to allow for passage of an elongated workpiece as an object to be painted, and a plurality of nozzles radially disposed so as to eject a paint towards a central portion of the gun main body. The painting gun is moved in a longitudinal direction of the elongated workpiece after the elongated workpiece is placed in position inside the painting gun through the circumferential opening. Each of the nozzles atomizes the paint by atomizing air. An amount of the paint to be ejected from each of the nozzles is set to 35 cc/min or less, preferably 20 cc/min or less, per 1 kg/cm.sup.2 of an atomizing air pressure.

Abstract: A container and distributor of water is internally provided with a bath pivoted in such a way as to empty when full. A floating piston situated inside a chamber enables water delivery to the bath at a rate regulated by varying a water head in the chamber, and an outlet opening from the chamber conducts water into the bath. A rod, insertable in the outlet opening and movable upon pivoting of the bath, prevents a build-up of residues in the outlet due to impurities in the water such that the outlet opening does not become blocked or obstructed.

Abstract: A gas burner particularly intended to produce diffusion flames of good emissivity and luminosity in an industrial furnace, for example a reverberation furnace such as may be used in glass making. The burner has a plate forming a burner nozzle having a central through first bore surrounded by a circular array of six smaller diameter second bores. One of the second bores is parallel with the axis of the central first bore. Whereas the other five second bores are each respectively disposed at an acute angle of substantially 22.5.degree. to the axis of the central first bore. Fuel gas is supplied to the central first bore through a central tube and to the second bores through an annular passage between the central tube and a surrounding tube.

Abstract: A paintbrush cleaning apparatus is fabricated from a molded plastic material with five attached metallic water jet sprayers. The housing is hollow and form a T-shape, a triangle, or a regular rectangle. A hollow stem extends from the housing and has a female threaded end for connecting to the end of a garden hose. The garden hose supplies pressurized water from a water faucet. The housing has a face portion opposite the stem for mounting a bank of water jet sprayers. Each of the water sprayers is formed as a thin hollow needle with an open tip, a small sideport inboard from the tip, and an enlarged hollow base. The base of each sprayer needle is mounted on the face portion of the housing. The five sprayer needles are separated and aligned in a row. The row of needles is angled relative to the stem so that the apparatus resembles a lawn rake. The stem can be formed as a handgrip and lever, or a ball valve can be attached at the end of the stem to control the water flow at the apparatus.

Abstract: A nozzle, nozzle assembly and method for internally coating containers uses a dual orifice nozzle and method to direct divergent distinct spray patterns at separate interior surface portions of the container where the coating liquid is required most. The nozzle comprises a generally cylindrical body having a forward portion, a middle portion, a rear portion, a first conduit passageway extending longitudinally therethrough terminating in a first opening disposed in the forward portion, and a second conduit passageway extending longitudinally therethrough terminating in a second opening formed in the forward portion of the nozzle body. The first and second conduit passageways direct the separate sprays of coating liquid generally forward of the nozzle body in separate distinct patterns diverging from one another with an acute included angle.

Abstract: Described is a preferred rotary spray chamber device for conditioning an aerosol. The device has chamber walls defining an internal chamber and an inlet opening into the internal chamber. The inlet opening is located such that an aerosol directed into the chamber through the inlet opening tangentially contacts chamber wall areas adapted to impart a rotary motion to the aerosol within the chamber. An impact member extends inwardly into the chamber from a chamber wall location such that the member is impacted by the aerosol in its rotary motion so as to remove large droplets and thus form a conditioned aerosol. An exit opening is defined by the chamber walls through which the conditioned aerosol can exit the chamber, and a drain opening is also defined by the chamber walls through which liquid removed from the aerosol and collected in the chamber can exit the chamber.

Abstract: A discharge device for reducing foaming of liquid flowing from a conduit (3) into a body of liquid. The discharge device (3) contains at least a porous permeable body (6) including a core (12) and an annular layer (15). To cause during normal operation liquid to leave the porous permeable body (6) in the form of a liquid bell (18) the resistance to flow through the porous permeable body (6) in the direction of its central longitudinal axis (9) is larger than the resistance to flow through the porous permeable body (6) in lateral direction towards the side surface (17) of the porous permeable body.

Abstract: During the normal operation of a liquid-cleaning filter cartridge, which is located in a pressurizable inverted bell housing, contaminates are filtered through a sheet of wire mesh arranged in a star configuration on a frame structure within the filter cartridge. Contaminates collect on this filter bed, thus cleaning the dry cleaning solvent. During the system's backwash cycle, filtered solvent previously collected in a steel reservoir is pressurized to provide a powerful head of pressure for backflushing each filter cartridge through its own sprayer nozzle assembly which reciprocates inside the cartridge. The high-pressure spray vigorously cleans the wire mesh of all suspended contaminants and filter bed particles.

Abstract: An apparatus and process for impinging a fluid upon an object to be treated. A generally conical shaped flow of fluid is directed from a body which has an opening at the base of the cone against an object to be treated, and located so that fluid impinging on the object reflects upwardly therefrom in the direction of the opening and has a lifting effect on filamentary material, such as hair, located on the object.

Abstract: A gas burner nozzle made from tabular alumina mounted in a steel cup shaped support that operates at a high temperature and a high oxidation for use in fabricating glass products. The gas and fuel inlet ports terminating in a radiused exit that greatly reduces the noise common to devices of this sort. The burner has a cone shaped supplementary mixing chamber which, together with the improved gas and fuel exits and the reflecting ledge provides a smooth transition of the flame.

Abstract: A low volume irrigation system includes a length of a thin-walled plastic distribution tube extending horizontally along a row of plants with a plurality of vertical hand assemblies extending downwardly from and spaced along the distribution tube, each hang assembly having a lowermost sprinkler and an intermediate feed tube for delivering water from the distribution tube to the sprinkler. Each hang assembly is made from a material that is selected to maintain the sprinkler of each hang assembly located generally underneath the distribution tube, irrespective of any axial twisting of the tube.

Abstract: A sprinkler having a nozzle for directing a desired flow of water therefrom wherein the nozzle is mounted in a rotatable nozzle housing. The nozzle has two flow passages therethrough, a primary nozzle passage and a secondary nozzle passage, the flow through the primary nozzle passage being directed therethrough for long range coverage, and the flow through the secondary nozzle passage being staggered, or off-set, for short range coverage.

Abstract: Fluid applicating and vehicle washing apparatus and processes are disclosed. In one embodiment, the apparatus includes a plurality of fluid delivery nozzles directed to spray fluid in a clustered pattern in parallel directions toward the vehicle. The nozzles are mounted on a central pipe that is made to rotate about an axis generally parallel to, but at an angle with, the direction of fluid delivery. In a preferred embodiment, the nozzles are zero degree nozzles, mounted on 90.degree. elbows arranged helically on a central pipe. The central pipe is fixed to an extension pipe which has an axis making a fixed angle of 5.degree. to 20.degree. with the axis of the central pipe. The use of a clustered spray of zero degree nozzles is found to produce a synergistic cleaning effect.

Abstract: A sparger system for removing sodium chlorite crystal and other crystalline particulate material in slurry form from a tank car comprises a plurality of spray nozzles from which water is expelled as a flat spray initially to dissolve sodium chlorite so as to cavitate the mass of sodium chlorite crystals, which break off in lumps into the cavity and then to impact the walls and roof of the tank car to flush off residual sodium chlorite crystal. The slurry is collected in a sump and is discharged therefrom, with additional sprays agitating the sump to break up clumps of sodium chlorite and to maintain the particulates in suspension.

Abstract: A system (10) for lancing sludge deposits (12) from within a bundle (14) of vertically extending steam generator tubes (16) of a PWR steam generator secondary side assembly (18) has a flexible lance (28) mounted in a lance guide/housing transporter (30). The transporter (30) is movable along blowdown lane (20) to position end (32) of the flexible lance opposite one of the inter-tube lanes (26) so that the flexible lance (28) may be inserted along the selected inter-tube lane (26). A rigid lance guide (34) on the transporter (30) has a curved end (36) configured to turn the flexible lance (28) at a chosen angle, such as 90.degree., so that the flexible lance (28) will be fed into the selected inter-tube lane (26). The transporter has a drive (37) for advancing the flexible lance (28) through end (36) of the lance guide (34) and into the inter-tube lane (26).

Abstract: A sparger system for removing sodium chlorate crystal and other particulate material in slurry or solution form from a tank car comprises a plurality of spray nozzles from which water is expelled as a flat spray initially to dissolve sodium chlorate so as to cavitate the mass of sodium chlorate chlorate crystals, which break off in lumps into the cavity and then to impact the walls and roof of the tank car to flush off residual sodium chlorate crystal. The slurry is collected in a sump and is discharged therefrom, with additional sprays agitating the sump to break up clumps of sodium chlorate and to maintain the particulates in suspension.

Abstract: This invention is an automated system and method for washing automobiles. The invention provides a device which sprays liquid onto the vehicle, while closely following the general contour of the vehicle. The system determines that contour by analyzing and recording patterns of broken light beams when the vehicle passes by an array of photoelectric sensors. The system uses the stored information about the contour of the vehicle to control the movement of a spray bar which contains a set of nozzles. As the vehicle is pulled into the washing area by a conveyor, the spray bar initially moves with the vehicle, spraying the front grille while maintaining a constant distance from the vehicle. Then, the spray bar reverses direction, while the vehicle continues to move forward. The spray bar then travels around the vehicle contour, while adjusting the direction of the nozzles so that the liquid flows in the proper direction. After having traced the entire contour, the spray bar reverses direction again.

Abstract: A conduit and an integrated system for utilizing same, such as a foam control spray system for a sewage treatment facility, where said conduit is exposed to a hostile environment, such as solar ultraviolet (U.V.) radiation. The conduit and transmission components of such system comprise tubular members consisting of a solar U.V. degradable plastic, such as polyvinylchloride (PVC), having a preferred outer layer of metallic zinc diffusion bonded thereto, such as by spray arc metallizing the zinc onto the plastic surface, whereby the zinc prevents deterioration or breakdown of the plastic from solar U.V. radiation.

Abstract: A two-head shower arm has upstream and downstream pipe portion discharge ends, with the downstream pipe portion discharge end spraying shower water vertically above the upstream pipe portion discharge end. The downstream pipe portion discharge end covers the head, shoulders and back of the bather standing erect with shower water, while the upstream pipe portion discharge end covers the rest of the bather's body with shower water, to correct the problem of a single-head shower arm installed incorrectly too low vertically above the floor of a shower unit.

Abstract: A gas burner for a water heater and comprising a base having central passage. Gas fuel is supplied to one end of the passage and an orifice is removably connected to the other end of the passage. An inverted cup-shaped head has an inner end threaded to the base and defines a closed chamber disposed in communication with the orifice. A plurality of ports are formed in the head and provide communication between the chamber and the exterior of the burner. The ports have a greater axial length than diameter and aid in controlling the flame configuration.

Abstract: A nozzle cover for a combustor of a combination fuel gas turbine engine is cast as a one-piece integral part requiring machining only for holes, sealing surfaces and threads. The nozzle cover cross section is generally a portion of an ellipsoid in order to maximize strength for a given amount of material. An interface between the nozzle cover and each of a plurality of combination fuel nozzles employs a single threaded opening accommodating two of a required three nozzles. The third nozzle in each combination fuel nozzle is accommodated in threads formed in a stepped wall in the nozzle cover.

Abstract: An air curtain incinerator and method for accelerating the burning of material in an open burning pit. The apparatus with an improved force draft air supply and manifold air distributor whereby the rate of burning, temperature and volume of air is controlled within the burning pit in such a manner that a down draft is created to the left and right of the center line thus forcing additional air into the burning pit and minimizing the amount of ash, smoke and debris which is released into the atmosphere. The apparatus is further provided with a centuri upstream of the manifold air distributor wherein an adjustable air inlet control the amount of supplemental air which is drawn into the supply conduit.

Abstract: A cast air nozzle is adapted to be mounted on the bottom of a combustor, particularly a fluidized-bed combustor. The air nozzle comprises a substantially gun-shaped body having a substantially horizontal upper part with a front portion and a rear portion, and a substantially vertical lower part with a through, substantially vertical inlet duct, two substantially horizontal outlet ducts in the upper part extending from the upper end of the inlet duct and opening at the front end of the front portion. The outlet ducts diverge towards the front end of the front portion, whereby an air current flowing through the air nozzle is caused to leave the nozzle in the form of horizontal diverging air jets. The upper part has at the front portion a horizontal planar upper surface and at the rear portion a backwardly-downwardly inclined upper surface, said surfaces forming an angle with each other, whereby the material in the combustor, which is conveyed across the air nozzle, does not collect on the upper portion.

Abstract: In combination with a detachable fluid coupling arrangement for fluid transmitting conduits and including a female coupler and clamping portion and a male adaptor portion to be releasably received and retained within said female coupler portion. The female coupler portion comprises a body portion with a fluid transmitting bore formed therein, with the bore having at least one elongated alignment slot formed generally parallel to the flow axis, and with a pair of clamping cams pivotally secured to the wall of the female portion. The male adaptor portion comprises a generally tubular body having a fluid transmitting bore formed therein and with a radially extending locking lug formed along one end of the adaptor for mating engagement with the alignment slot of the female coupling portion.

Abstract: The nozzle structure for a root feeding device includes a ground inserting tube or pipe having a nozzle unit at the end thereof formed with an axially extended bore and radially extended fluid discharge passages intermediate the ends thereof. The nozzle unit is generally comprised of a pair of coaxially aligned cone sections with the outer cone section of a reduced size and the outlets of the radial passages positioned between the adjacent ends of the cone sections. The fluid discharged from the outer end of the axial bore acts to pre-soften or lubricate the soil for hard ground penetration; and the fluid from the radial passages assists penetration and is discharged into a receiving chamber formed about the nozzle unit, when in the soil, for ground dispersion annularly about the nozzle unit.

Abstract: An improved air ring for a regenerator in a fluid catalytic cracking process in which a baffle extends vertically downward from the air ring for a critical length. The baffle prevents catalyst erosion on the underside of the air ring and improves air distribution in the catalyst bed.

Abstract: There is provided a gas-fuelled burner for producing a concentrated, rotag flame. The burner comprises a body including a plenum chamber into which gas and primary combustion air are introduced by a standard nozzle, which chamber is defined and delimited on its upper side by a roof element provided with a plurality of relatively narrow passgeways for the gas/air mixture, the passageways leading from the plenum chamber upwards and inwards to the upper, outside face of the burner. The passageways include angles with a common plane perpendicular to the vertical axis of the burner, and individual vertical planes substantially passing through the passageways are tangential to an imaginary vertical cylinder passing through the center of the burner.

Abstract: A nozzle arrangement for a vehicle drying installation of the type wherein blown air is utilized to dry a vehicle surface. A triangular grouping of plural openings is provided such that each opening includes a rigid flange member dependently associated therewith. The flange members by virtue of the triangular grouping of openings establishes a general V-shaped blown air curtain profile which impinges upon a surface of the vehicle such that relative movement between the vehicle and the V-shaped air curtain profile along a travel path responsively effects blown movement of water upon the vehicle surface both rearwardly and laterally relative to the travel path to effectively dry the vehicle surface.

Abstract: In order to create a water pressure jet cleaner, especially for clogged sinks, which is as simple as possible, quick and handy to use and which can be used with the most widely differing water faucets, it is equipped with a connecting hose (11) with a connecting adapter (7), which can be attached by means of a clamping device (32, 27-31). A cleaning head (13) is provided at the other end of the connecting hose (11).

Abstract: A method as described in the title comprising deflecting the gas from the distributor through nozzles therein through an angle in the range of 30.degree. to 75.degree. for decreased erosion in the nozzles by solids drawn therein and for reduced required power consumption. A new gas distributor with nozzles mounted therein is disclosed.

Abstract: Sparger ring for catalytic cracker regenerator comprises a plurality of converging nozzles for air entry to reduce erosive wear.

Abstract: A design of a distribution unit allowing a gas or other material to be uniformly supplied to a mixing device close to the point of mixing. The distribution unit can be used for mixing chemicals into pulp at a refiner inlet.

Abstract: An improved large capacity air distribution system for cooling electronic components mounted on printed circuit boards. The system has an air plenum chamber of substantially constant rectangular cross section. Openings are formed in the side walls of the chamber to permit air from within the chamber to flow outwardly in a direction substantially normal to the outer surfaces of the side walls and over the components to be cooled. A baffle in the form of a tapered wedge formed from a pair of thin metal baffle sheets is mounted in the plenum chamber so that the joined edges of the metal baffle sheets are positioned centrally in the air inlet of the chamber and the baffle is otherwise symmetrically disposed in the chamber. A large number of small round holes are formed through the sheets of the baffle, the area of the holes occupying a substantial percentage, approximately 36 percent, of the total area of the baffle. A high capacity air pump supplies air under pressure to the interior of the plenum chamber.

Abstract: An improved nozzle for a portable air/water fire extinguisher which includes a head portion having a plurality of small openings to result in a fog spray permitting better fire extinguishing and longer operating times for the extinguisher.

Abstract: A fluid discharge device such as for use in draining an appliance, such as a dishwasher, into the sink. The discharge device is arranged to prevent splashing of the discharge fluid on the bottom of the sink and includes a divider wall within the discharge duct for dividing the fluid flow into a plurality of streams. The wall may be perforate to further cause a turbulent reduction in the longitudinal velocity of the discharging fluid stream. The duct may be provided with projections extending transversely into the fluid flow to further provide turbulent reduction in the longitudinal velocity of the fluid stream. The discharge device is adapted to be provided in a turned discharge conduit, such as an elbow, and is arranged to provide the desired splash-prevention functioning while yet effectively minimizing obstruction to the fluid flow so as to prevent blockage thereof as by food particles and the like carried by the discharging fluid.

Abstract: Rock drilling method and apparatus utilizing high pressure water jets for drilling holes of relatively small diameter at speeds significantly greater than that attainable with existing drilling tools. Greatly increased drilling rates are attained due to jet nozzle geometry and speed of rotation. The jet nozzle design has two orifices, one pointing axially ahead in the direction of travel and the second inclined at an angle of approximately 30.degree. from the axis. The two orifices have diameters in the ratio of approximately 1:2. Liquid jet velocities in excess of 1,000 ft/sec are used, and the nozzle is rotated at speeds up to 1,000 rpm and higher.

Abstract: An improved apparatus is set forth wherein powder is produced by melting metal in a crucible where it is then poured into a tundish which directs the molten metal onto a spinning disc means. A nozzle plate has a central opening through which the metal is directed from the tundish to the disc means. An efficient annular nozzle means directs a cooling fluid around the disc means. The crucible has means for tilting it which keeps the molten metal entering the tundish properly as the metal is poured therefrom.