Abstract: A snow and ice evaporating device that is an untethered device easily usable by an individual. The device has elements that resemble a traditional snow blower as well as a lawn mower, but that includes a salt hopper and a propane tank. The snow blower end operates much like a traditional snow blower with augers that break up snow and ice that are then expelled through a blower end. On the top of the device is a propane tank that provides flames to the bottom of the device, protected by a shroud that heat the surface being treated to melt both ice and snow. A salt hopper is situated on the back of the device which provides a means for applying salt to the treated surface to prevent refreezing. All portions of the device are easily controlled by and extended handle that the user uses to control these functions. The extended handle operates much like a lawn mower in that it allows the user to easily push the device which rolls on wheels and includes a kill switch to turn off the device in an emergency situation.

Abstract: A chopper arrangement for an agricultural harvester, having a housing and a plurality of rotatable knife rows in the housing. The chopper arrangement includes a counter knife arrangement including a first counter knife bank and a second counter knife bank downstream of the first counter knife bank. The counter knife arrangement is movable between an engaged position, in which the first and second counter knife banks at least partially overlap the plurality of rotatable knife rows, and a disengaged position, in which the first and second counter knife banks are retracted away from the plurality of rotatable knife rows. The counter knife arrangement also includes a mechanical linkage coupling the first counter knife bank to the second counter knife bank to provide for simultaneous movement of the first and second counter knife banks upon actuation of the counter knife arrangement between the engaged and disengaged positions.

Abstract: An agricultural working machine, method, and power take-off transmission are provided. The agricultural working machine includes an internal combustion engine, at least one power take-off, and an arrangement for dynamically adjusting at least one of a speed and a torque of the PTO. The arrangement includes an electric machine and a transmission summing the driving force of the internal combustion engine and the electric machine. The transmission includes at least two gear elements that are magnetically coupled.

Abstract: A material spreading system may include a tote and a spreader attachable to a loading machine. The spreader may include a frame, an inlet, a lift arm, and a discharge mechanism configured to selectively discharge the material onto the ground. The tote may include a container having a plurality of walls enclosing an internal volume for storing a material. An opening may be formed in one of the plurality of walls and communicate with the internal volume. The tote may additionally include a lift arm engaging surface configured to engage the lift arm and permit the lift arm to manipulate the tote. The tote may also include a closure member at least partially covering the opening and configured to selectively permit transfer of the material from the container to the inlet of the spreader in response to the material exerting a force on the closure member.

Abstract: A chopper knife assembly for use by an agricultural harvester. The chopper knife assembly includes a mounting lug with a fulcrum, wedge, and counterwedge; and at least one bladed knife attached to the mounting lug between the wedge and counterwedge; the assembly is held in place by an attachment means. The bladed knives are able to pivot on the fulcrum of the mounting lug during use, thereby forcing the knife blades onto the counterwedges to provide a more secure retention means.

Abstract: This invention relates to bale feeders and bale feeder drums. A lower drum and an upper drum have inter-engaging teeth which grip feed from a bale as they rotate. Lower bale feeder drum has inclined paddles and/or paddles with a tapering profile. The configuration of the paddles helps centralize bales during the feeding process, and helps to break up and stretch feed. The tapering profile of the paddles improves grip of feed by teeth on the drums.

Abstract: An agricultural harvester includes a frame; a threshing and separating system carried by the frame; a cleaning system carried by the frame; a mounting surface carried by the frame; and a residue system including a chopper carried by the frame and supplied with crop material from the threshing and separating system and/or the cleaning system. The chopper includes a chopper frame mounted to the mounting surface and having at least one shaft opening formed through; a chopper shaft held in the at least one shaft opening that is configured to rotate and is carried by the frame independently of the chopper frame; at least one rotating knife carried by the chopper shaft; and at least one stationary knife held in the chopper frame.

Abstract: An agricultural vehicle includes a chassis and a windrow assembly carried by the chassis. The windrow assembly includes a windrow chute and a width adjustment device operatively mounted to the windrow chute. The windrow chute includes a discharge panel and a pair of side walls attached and movable relative to the discharge panel. The width adjustment device includes a manual adjustment member mounted to the discharge panel, and a pair of linkages with each linkage interconnecting between the manual adjustment member and a respective side wall.

Abstract: A spread control assembly is provided that includes a spread control mechanism and a shut-off adjustment plate attached to a particulate dispersing apparatus. The shut-off adjustment plate includes multiple exit openings that facilitate the dispersing of particulate material. The spread control mechanism pivotally attaches to the shut-off adjustment plate and includes multiple paddles configured to cover at least one of the exit openings in the shut-off adjustment plate when the spread control mechanism is in an activated position.

Abstract: A cutting device for agricultural harvesters has a conveying channel and pivotably supported cutting knives arranged in a row on a frame. The cutting knives project in the cutting position into the conveying channel. A conveying member with conveying tines, rotatingly driven about a horizontal axis, interacts with the cutting knives for comminuting crop. Individual adjusting devices, each associated with one cutting knife, yieldingly support the cutting knives in the cutting position. A knife switching device is provided to move the cutting knives from the inoperative position into the cutting position. With a preselecting device a desired group of cutting knives can be selected that is pivoted into the cutting position upon activation of the knife switching device. The preselecting device is activatable with reduced force expenditure by eliminating resistances, caused by adjusting and connecting devices of the knife switching device, when preselecting the desired group of cutting knives.

Abstract: An agricultural harvester includes a chassis and a residue handling system carried by the chassis. The residue handling system includes a set of rotating knives disposed in a housing, a first set of counter-knives, and a residue pivoting platform and/or a second set of counter-knives. Crop residue travels through the system in a residue flow direction. The first set of counter-knives are configured to enter the housing proximate to the set of rotating knives. The residue pivoting platform is positioned proximate to the first set of counter-knives in an upstream direction relative to the crop residue flow direction. The second set of counter-knives are configured to enter the housing proximate to the set of rotating knives. The second set of counter-knives are in a downstream direction relative to the crop residue flow from at least one of the residue pivoting platform and the first set of counter-knives.

Abstract: A vegetation treatment system includes at least one distribution apparatus, a transport such as a vehicle, having a receptacle for housing a vegetation treatment, and a funnel that facilitates passage of the vegetation treatment from the receptacle to each distribution apparatus. When in use, the vegetation treatment system may be used by an operator to target specific areas for vegetation treatment, particularly where treatments are applied to bedded crops. Each distribution apparatus is mounted onto the transport for application of the treatment. The system also includes one or more mechanisms that articulate each distribution apparatus such that they can be stowed.

Abstract: An agricultural harvester with a flexible crop residue management system. A pivotal swath door and displaceable windrow chute are coordinated to be displaced between positions in which all of crop residue is spread laterally and another position in which straw in the crop residue is directed in a windrow by a windrow chute and the chaff is directed laterally.

Abstract: A shield for an ice dispensing assembly of a cooling compartment. The shield has at least one side member that increases in width along its length downwardly from a top of the shield. The shield blocks ice from falling directly from an ice maker into an ice chute of the cooling compartment.

Abstract: The hitch bar with swivel has a proximal portion that attaches removably to the conventional receiver hitch receptacle of a supporting vehicle and a distal portion for supporting an apparatus, e.g., spreader for distributing animal feed, etc., thereon. The distal bar portion is positioned to overlay the proximal portion and to place the supported apparatus close to the rear of the supporting vehicle during operations in order to reduce the lever arm and corresponding bending loads on the hitch receptacle. The distal portion of the bar may be swiveled clear of the rear of the vehicle to allow the rear door (tailgate, rear hatch, etc.) of the vehicle to be opened when the vehicle is stopped. The distal bar portion and apparatus supported thereon have a combined length preferably less than half the width of the vehicle, permitting the bar to be swiveled freely without extending laterally beyond the vehicle.

Abstract: The spreader has a movable container and at least one elongated tube, and can thus be moved along a path in the forest, and the tube successively deployed to blow the soil conditioner between the trees, away from the path. Satisfactory efficiency can be achieved using an eductor device to transfer the powdery soil conditioner into the air flow in the tube.

Abstract: A bulk media spreader transversal actuator assembly includes a drive converter. A motor is connected to the drive converter. A linear motion shaft is slideably positioned in a shaft housing. The shaft housing is connected to the drive converter and the linear motion shaft is connected to the drive converter such that rotational operation of the motor is converted to a linear motion of the linear motion shaft by the drive converter. A hyperextension prevention device is connected to the linear motion shaft and to a rotatable lever of a bulk media spreader. Rotatable displacement of the lever by extension or retraction of the linear motion shaft acts to change an operating position of a hopper gate through which media in the bulk media spreader is dispensed.

Abstract: A rock dusting or aggregate distributing apparatus is provided having a cylindrical tank body connected to an air supply unit. A circular member is disposed within the cylindrical tank body between the top member and the bottom member to divide the cylindrical tank body into a top portion and bottom portion, the circular member is configured to inject air from the bottom portion into the top portion in a substantially circumferential direction with respect to an axis of the cylindrical tank body to disperse rock dust or aggregate.

Abstract: A dispenser for granular materials and a method of seasoning using the dispenser is provided. The dispenser has multiple deflectors. The deflectors can deflect granular materials in tangential and radial directions. The dispenser has a dispensing mechanism actuated by a user-manipulable lever connected to a yoke in which a pin is received for rotating a member of the dispenser. The dispenser achieves consistent quantities with each dispense with three different features. One feature is having a rim partially raised around the first member aperture. Another feature is pushing elements that cooperate with the partially raised rim. A third feature is radially staggered dispensing apertures.

Abstract: The invention provides a hair building solids dispenser for storing and dispensing hair building solids comprising first electrostatic charge controller adapted for altering and/or maintaining an electrostatic charge on a surface of at least some of said solids contained within, and/or as dispensed from, said dispenser, wherein at least a substantial portion of the exterior surface of the dispenser comprises substantially electrically non-conductive material, the first electrostatic charge controller being an electrically conductive material for providing an electrical connection between the inside and outside of the dispenser.

Abstract: The present inventions generally relate to compositions and methods for providing agricultural chemicals comprising active ingredients (A.I.s) combined with a top dressing for application to cultivated areas of turfgrass. Specifically, the compositions are in the form of moist formulations for providing top dressings comprising active ingredients. Further, the inventions relate to compositions and methods for delivering active ingredients simultaneously with a top dressing composition to golf course turf.

Abstract: A particulate dispersing apparatus is provided that includes a vessel configured to contain particulate material, an insert disposed inside the vessel and having a first hole pattern and adapted to be removed from the vessel, and at least one fastener having a cylindrical body and a pair of projections extending in opposite directions from a bottom of the cylindrical body. The pair of projections are substantially perpendicular to the cylindrical body and secures the insert to the vessel.

Abstract: A portable hand-held device for spreading particulate matter such as rock salt or seed. The device includes a bucket-like body of one or two piece construction with apertures positioned at specific locations so as to control the flow and distribution of salt or seed during operation. The device incorporates an inset disk which further increases the efficiency of the device.

Abstract: A rotary tool and method for spreading mulch outwardly from a mound of the same. The tool has an elongated shaft with a rotatable body mounted proximate a first end thereof. The body has a peripheral edge with a plurality of flexible fingers radiating outwardly and downwardly therefrom. The fingers may be individually securable to the body. In a second embodiment, a ring is detachably mounted to the body and the fingers are on the ring. When the tool is activated, the fingers engage the mulch mound and cause pieces of mulch to be flicked outwardly away from the body. The tool may also be used as a shovel-type device when the motor is not activated and the mulch can then be carried on the upper surface of the body.

Abstract: The cartridge spreader system includes a mobile cartridge spreader with a cartridge station configured to engage a cartridge and includes a locking controller for locking the cartridge securely into the cartridge station. The cartridge station includes an activator mechanism for activating and deactivating an engaged cartridge. The cartridge spreader includes an activation controller for activating and deactivating the cartridge. Activation of the cartridge allows the granular product contained in the cartridge to flow out of the container, through a granular chute on the cartridge station, and onto a granular product launcher which launches or impels the granular product over terrain or other surface. When the cartridge is deactivated, the flow path is sealed stopping the flow of granular product. The cartridge itself includes a fitment that engages with the cartridge station. The cartridge fitment includes an appropriately sized metering gate.

Abstract: A broadcast spreader provides for effective control of the flow of granular material to a rotating fan through use of a gate assembly in combination with an auger assembly. The broadcast spreader further includes a means for directing the granular material onto the fan, thus allowing for the shifting of the distribution pattern of the granular material from side to side.

Abstract: A spreader assembly used to spread a material held in a hopper onto an associated ground surface may include a spreader mount that: (1) has at least three laterally spaced ground contacting surfaces that support the spreader assembly to a ground surface when the spreader assembly is detached from a vehicle; and, (2) remains attached to the spreader assembly when the spreader assembly is attached to the vehicle.

Abstract: A spreading device, particularly for applying chippings, comprising a chippings reservoir with an arrangement for discharge openings to discharge chippings downwards, with at least one deflection plate being arranged underneath the arrangement for discharge openings aligned diagonal in reference to a vertical direction.

Abstract: A system for dispersing different sized particulate material is provided that includes a hopper configured to contain particulate material and multiple interchangeable inserts that are removably attached to an inside of the hopper. Each of the multiple of interchangeable inserts have a distinct hole pattern to facilitate the flow of different sized particulate material from inside the hopper. A dispersing mechanism is provided that disperses the particulate material flowing through the distinct the hole patterns.

Abstract: The invention relates to a powder spreader device including a sealed tank (1) with a tapered bottom wall (5), a vessel (2) containing a pressurised spray gas connected to the tank (1) via a feed line (27), control means (20) connected to the vessel (1), and a powder dispensing nozzle (10) connected to the tank, wherein the elongate nozzle (10) includes at least two pressure relief stages (11, 12) for breaking up the dispensed powder jet and forming a uniform and homogenous jet with a relatively low flow rate.

Abstract: A material dispenser that may be used with a snow removal machine is comprised of a container, broadcaster actuator, and broadcaster in one embodiment. The material dispenser allows the operator to broadcast dry treatment material from a container mounted to the snow removal machine regardless of whether the precipitation engaging member of the snow removal machine is operating. The broadcaster actuator operates to cause the treatment material to be placed on or adjacent the path of the snow removal machine. The broadcast actuator may be positioned on a handle member of the snow removal machine so that it is convenient for the operator to engage the broadcast actuator while operating the snow removal machine or when the precipitation engaging member is not removing precipitation. A slide gate may be used to throttle the volume of treatment material exiting the container, and a slide gate actuator may be remotely mounted.

Abstract: A control mechanism for a lawn spreader controls output flow of granular material out of the spreader hopper by adjusting the position of a control cable anchor point. The control mechanism includes a clamping portion for clamping to a tubular handle of the spreader. A top surface of the clamp portion, adjacent to the handle, provides a slide for a slideable cable anchor shuttle, which internally provides the anchor point for a control cable. The shuttle may be made from a plastic material. A dial housed within a dial housing, adjacent to the slide portion of the clamp, may be rotated to various indicated positions which in turn controls the position of the shuttle on the metal slide portion of the clamp, thereby adjusting the position of the control cable anchor point. The control cable extends from the end of the shuttle anchor mechanism to a hopper spring-loaded aperture cover.

Abstract: A dispenser is provided for delivering a controlled quantity of a granular material. The dispenser includes a reservoir that retains granular material. The reservoir is supported in the dispenser with a passageway defined between opposing ends. A nozzle is provided for the outflow of material from the reservoir to a metering cup. A control plug is provided within the metering cup to adjust the controlled volume to be received within the cup from the reservoir. Once the metering cup is filled, the dispenser is inverted and the volume of material is directed from the cup, through the passageway and out of an opening adjacent a diffuser. The control plug is removable from the cup to vary the charge of material to be dispensed.

Abstract: Apparatus for reducing dust emissions from particulate commodities such as wheat or coal using a curved loading spoon connected to the discharge from a loading spout. The curved loading spoon turns particulate commodities delivered at a rate above a predetermined delivery velocity against a curved outer wall causing dust arising from the particulate commodities to be re-entrained within the commodities as they are diverted from a straight path by the curvature. Also described are an optional flap designed to rest just above the surface of the commodities stream adjacent the outlet, and a converging duct located upstream of the curve loading spoon and arranged to direct commodities against the curved outer wall adjacent the inlet.

Abstract: A method is provided for dispensing a controlled quantity of a granular material. The method employs a dispenser including a reservoir that retains granular material. The reservoir is supported in the dispenser with a passageway defined between opposing ends. The dispenser is first positioned in a loading orientation for the outflow of material from the reservoir through a nozzle to a metering cup. A baffle positioned proximate the opening of the metering cup stabilizes the controlled volume directed into the cup from the reservoir. Once the metering cup is filled, the dispenser is inverted. Then, the volume of material is directed from the cup through the passageway and out of an opening adjacent a diffuser, through which the material is spread.

Abstract: A powder sprayer includes a sprayer body having a nozzle head mounted on the top side of the bottle cap thereof, the nozzle head having a transverse mounting hole disposed in communication with a vertical through hole of the bottle cap and a guide notch located on the periphery at one end of the transverse mounting hole, and a spraying mechanism having a nozzle tube positioned in the transverse mounting hole, the nozzle tube having a guide block protruded from the periphery thereof and fitting the guide notch of the nozzle head, an axial air passage and a transverse suction hole disposed in communication between the air passage and the through hole of the bottle cap for sucking powder from the powder bottle through a dip tube into the air passage upon passing of a flow of forced air through the air passage.

Abstract: The cartridge spreader system includes a mobile cartridge spreader with a cartridge station configured to engage a cartridge and includes a locking controller for locking the cartridge securely into the cartridge station. The cartridge station includes an activator mechanism for activating and deactivating an engaged cartridge. The cartridge spreader includes an activation controller for activating and deactivating the cartridge. Activation of the cartridge allows the granular product contained in the cartridge to flow out of the container, through a granular chute on the cartridge station, and onto a granular product launcher which launches or impels the granular product over terrain or other surface. When the cartridge is deactivated, the flow path is sealed stopping the flow of granular product. The cartridge itself includes a fitment that engages with the cartridge station. The cartridge fitment includes an appropriately sized metering gate.

Abstract: An article and method for spreading a substance about a surface is disclosed. The article includes a hollow, frangible shell having an opening. The shell is filled with a substance and a plug closes. A user throws the article at the surface where the substance is desired to be spread. Upon impact, the shell shatters scattering the substance.

Abstract: A control mechanism for a spreader incorporating a movable material control gate comprises a first limit switch having a fixed position, a linear actuator having a positional member which moves in response to operation of the linear actuator. Movement of the positional member in a first direction causes the positional member to contact the first limit switch to define a closed position of the control gate. The control mechanism also includes a second limit switch mounted to the positional member and an adjustment system comprising a user adjustment device engaged with a linear adjustment member adjustable through a positional linear range. Movement of the adjustment device by a user causes the adjustment member to move within the linear range. Additionally, movement of the positional member in a second direction causes the second limit switch to contact the adjustment member to define an adjustably open position of the control gate.

Abstract: The present inventions generally relate to compositions and methods for providing agricultural chemicals comprising active ingredients (A.I.s) combined with a top dressing for application to cultivated areas of turfgrass. Specifically, the compositions are in the form of moist formulations for providing top dressings comprising active ingredients. Further, the inventions relate to compositions and methods for delivering active ingredients simultaneously with a top dressing composition to golf course turf.

Abstract: A motorized fertilizer dispenser includes a frustoconical housing having an open upper end in communication with a hollow interior. At a lower end is a dispersal opening. A rotatable sifting blade is positioned within the housing interior and adjacent the dispersal opening. A rotary disc having a plurality of radial blades positioned thereon is situated immediately beneath the dispersal opening. A motor operates both the sifting blade and dispersal disc whereby a desired amount of fertilizer is dropped onto the disc and projected outwardly to a target area.

Abstract: A portable game feeder backpack that is worn by the user to spread feed for wild game or other granular material, e.g. seed, grain, or fertilizer. The invention provides a bucket mounted on a tubular frame. A funnel and a downspout direct granular material to a motorized spreader plate mounted below the bucket. A handheld switch remotely activates the motor. The device is worn as a backpack and has two removable padded shoulder straps. A detachable bracket allows the device to be attached to the rear structure on a vehicle, e.g. an all terrain vehicle or pickup. The device also can be used as a swiveling hunting seat having a padded cover on the lid of the bucket. The lid draining accumulated water to protect interior contents. Motor control is easily interchangeable among pushbutton, remote and timer control.

Abstract: A control mechanism for a lawn spreader controls output flow of granular material out of the spreader hopper by adjusting the position of a control cable anchor point. The control mechanism includes a clamping portion for clamping to a tubular handle of the spreader. A top surface of the clamp portion, adjacent to the handle, provides a slide for a slideable cable anchor shuttle, which internally provides the anchor point for a control cable. The shuttle may be made from a plastic material. A dial housed within a dial housing, adjacent to the slide portion of the clamp, may be rotated to various indicated positions which in turn controls the position of the shuttle on the metal slide portion of the clamp, thereby adjusting the position of the control cable anchor point. The control cable extends from the end of the shuttle anchor mechanism to a hopper spring-loaded aperture cover.

Abstract: A spray coating process and apparatus suitable for depositing coatings on surfaces of components, and particularly surfaces that are difficult to access with conventional cold spraying equipment. The process and apparatus employ a spray gun having a tubular body with a longitudinal axis and an exit at one end thereof. The body has a first portion defining a converging passage, a second portion defining a diverging passage that defines the exit of the body, and a throat portion therebetween that defines a throat between and connecting the converging and diverging passages. The gun is further equipped with at least one gas inlet for introducing a gas upstream of the converging passage, and at least one feedstock inlet for introducing a feedstock at or immediately upstream of the throat.

Abstract: A rotary tool for spreading mulch outwardly from a mound of the same. The tool has an elongated shaft with a rotatable body mounted proximate a first end thereof. The body has a peripheral edge with a plurality of flexible fingers radiating outwardly and downwardly therefrom. The fingers may be individually securable to the body. In a second embodiment, a ring is detachably mounted to the body and the fingers are on the ring. When the tool is activated, the fingers engage the mulch mound and cause pieces of mulch to be flicked outwardly away from the body. The tool may also be used as a shovel-type device when the motor is not activated and the mulch can then be carried on the upper surface of the body.

Abstract: A flow gate includes first and second body members, first and second flow control members, and first and second locking mechanisms. The first and second body members operatively attach to and detach from each other. The first and second flow control members adjust between an open position, a closed position, and a plurality of partially opened positions. The first and second locking mechanisms selectively prevent and allow adjustment of the first and second flow control members. The first and second flow control members prevent the flow of material from an associated spreader when both the first and second flow control members are in the closed position, and allow the flow of material from the associated spreader when either the first or the second flow control member is in the opened position or in one of the plurality of partially opened positions.

Abstract: A material spreader having a hopper for containing material and a liquid tank containing liquid adjacent the hopper. The liquid tank has a passage extending from the hopper through the tank with a discharge opening. An auger extends through the hopper and passage for conveying material to the outlet for delivery to a spinner for distributing the material. At least one nozzle is mounted in the passage for spraying liquid onto the material as it is being conveyed through the passage.

Abstract: The cartridge spreader system includes a mobile cartridge spreader with a cartridge station configured to engage a cartridge and includes a locking controller for locking the cartridge securely into the cartridge station. The cartridge station includes an activator mechanism for activating and deactivating an engaged cartridge. The cartridge spreader includes an activation controller for activating and deactivating the cartridge. Activation of the cartridge allows the granular product contained in the cartridge to flow out of the container, through a granular chute on the cartridge station, and onto a granular product launcher which launches or impels the granular product over terrain or other surface. When the cartridge is deactivated, the flow path is sealed stopping the flow of granular product. The cartridge itself includes a fitment that engages with the cartridge station. The cartridge fitment includes an appropriately sized metering gate.

Abstract: A dispenser is provided for delivering a controlled quantity of a granular material. The dispenser includes a reservoir that retains granular material. The reservoir is supported in the dispenser with a passageway defined between opposing ends. A nozzle is provided for the outflow of material from the reservoir to a metering cup. A control plug is provided within the metering cup to adjust the controlled volume to be received within the cup from the reservoir. Once the metering cup is filled, the dispenser is inverted and the volume of material is directed from the cup, through the passageway and out of an opening adjacent a diffuser. The control plug is removable from the cup to vary the charge of material to be dispensed.

Abstract: A transportation device, physically transporting a material to a target, includes an input module, a transporting module and an output module. The input module provides a carrier fluid. The transporting module is coupled to the input module for receiving the carrier fluid in order to disperse/atomize the material. The output module has a throat portion, a first opening and a second opening. The throat portion is positioned between the first opening and the second opening, and the aperture of the first opening is larger than that of the second opening. The distance between the throat portion and the second opening is equal to or smaller than the distance between the throat portion and the first opening and is between three and ten times of the throat portion aperture (d). The second opening has an expending angle which is between half and three times of the throat portion aperture angle) (½d°-3d°. The material enters the input module through the first opening and reaches the target through the second opening.