Abstract: A flow controller assembly for use with a hydraulically-actuated, electrically-controlled fuel injector, includes a flow controller fluidly disposable intermediate an injector control valve assembly and an injector intensifier assembly for controlling flow of actuating fluid to and from the intensifier assembly to effect rate shaping of an injectable quantity of fuel and to effect a reduction of noise generated by the stopping of return motion of an intensifier piston. A fuel injector and a method of controlling an intensifier piston are also included.

Abstract: A fuel injection system having one high-pressure fuel pump and one fuel injection valve communicating therewith for each engine cylinder. A piston of the fuel pump defines a work chamber which communicates with a pressure chamber of the fuel injection valve, which valve has an injection valve member by which injection openings are controlled, and which valve is movable in an opening direction counter to a closing force by the pressure prevailing in the pressure chamber. A first control valve controls, a connection of the pump work chamber to a relief chamber and a second control valve controls, a connection of a control pressure chamber, communicating with the pump work chamber and defined by a control piston, to a relief chamber.

Abstract: An injector has two interconnected main sections, a body section and an injector section. The injector section is connected to the body section by way of a form lock, and the connection is produced by a partial material connection. The injector is preferably suitable for use in a fuel-injection device for an internal combustion engine.

Abstract: The jacket surface of the piezoelectric actor body (1) is surrounded by an injector housing (9), maintaining an intermediate space and is cooled by direct contact with an inert fluid which does not conduct electricity (6), forming a fluid space in the injector housing (9) which is filled with fluid except for an air reservoir (7). The volume of the air reservoir (7) is at least large enough to allow the thermal expansion of the heat coupling fluid (6) which occurs at the highest operating temperature of the actor body (1).

Abstract: Several different features are provided for use with a pump, particularly a microdispensing pump. In a first aspect of the subject invention, latch fingers are provided which coact with a stop member to yieldingly inhibit movement of an actuator of the pump to ensure sufficient momentum is provided to the pump for actuation. In a second aspect of the invention, an overcap is provided which defines an at least liquid-tight seal with the pump body at locations spaced from a nozzle of the pump to limit ingress of contaminants into the nozzle. In a third aspect, at least one protruding bead is provided in proximity to at least one edge of a label mounted to the pump body to restrict removal thereof. In a fourth aspect, at least one rib is provided in proximity to a dispensing cap to provide lateral stability thereto.

Abstract: An injector for a fuel injection system is proposed, having an at least partial compensation for the hydraulic forces acting on the nozzle needle. In addition, the fuel volume to be controlled is reduced, so that short control times are possible.

Abstract: A nozzle assembly for a fuel injector having a needle valve for controlling an injector valve orifice, the needle valve being subjected to a spring force and a fluid pressure force. The needle valve registers with a fuel delivery orifice and is movable into and out of engagement with a valve seat surrounding the orifice. The needle valve is normally biased to a valve closing position by a spring located in a spring cage. The spring cage becomes pressurized upon movement of the needle valve toward the needle valve open position, whereby a positive pressure is maintained in the spring chamber throughout the fuel injection event. A calibrated bleed orifice allows the spring chamber pressure to decay to a low value between injection events.

Abstract: The fuel injection system has one high-pressure fuel pump and one fuel injection valve for each cylinder of the engine. A pump work chamber can be made to communicate with a pressure chamber of the injection valve which has a valve member movable in an opening direction by the pressure in the pressure chamber, counter to a closing force. A first control valve, controls a communication of the work chamber with a relief chamber, and a second control valve, controls the pressure prevailing in a control pressure chamber urging the injection valve closed. In a first switching position of the first control valve the work chamber is made to communicate with the relief chamber, while the pressure chamber and the control pressure chamber are disconnected from the work chamber, and for a second switching position, the work chamber is disconnected from the relief chamber by the first control valve, while the pressure chamber and the control pressure chamber communicate with the work chamber.

Abstract: The invention relates to a common rail injector for injecting fuel in a common rail injection system of an internal combustion engine, having an injector housing which communicates with a central high-pressure reservoir and in which a nozzle needle that cooperates with a valve piston which is guided in a valve piece is axially displaceable. To increase the service life of the injector, the end toward the nozzle needle of the valve piston or of a thrust rod triggered by the valve piston is guided coaxially to the axis of symmetry of the nozzle needle.

Abstract: The present invention provides a simple fluid atomizer having a pair of spring loaded sealing elements such that the pressure required to open both seals is the sum of the spring constants of each of the sealing elements. A central cavity is sealed at both its entry and exit by moving elements held by coil springs. When the fluid in the entry channel is able to overcome a first spring, the first sealing element is moved so as to allow fluid to enter the central cavity. When the fluid pressure within the central cavity reaches a level necessary to compress the exit spring, the entry fluid pressure must be at a level for achieving the delta pressure across both entry and exit springs.

Abstract: A valve unit having a needle valve member, a control valve, a control line extending between the control valve and the needle valve member. Pressurized actuation fluid may be applied to the needle valve member via the control valve and the control line, in order to bias the needle valve member in a first direction. A vent passage is provided, which is fluidly connected to the control line between the needle valve member and the control valve. A valve element which is movably disposed in the control line and has a first position in which said vent passage is closed, and a second position in which said vent passage is open to the control line.

Abstract: At least one method of degasifying, filling fluid and assembling a hydraulic compensator for a solid state actuated fuel injector is disclosed. The method involves partially assembling a compensator assembly and immersing the partial assembly in a hydraulic fluid and under a vacuum for a first predetermined time period. The partially assembled compensator is then assembled while immersed in the fluid and under a vacuum for a second time period.

Abstract: The invention relates to a fuel injection device for an internal combustion engine, having a common high-pressure collection chamber (common rail) that can be filled via a high-pressure pump. The high-pressure collection chamber communicates with injection valves, each of which includes a control valve embodied as a 3/2-way valve. Control faces are provided on the control part, which connect a high-pressure collection supply line to inflow lines to the injection nozzle or with a relief line, and the control part is actuatable by a controlled outflow line. The control part includes a throttle element, which via a bore communicates with a hollow chamber.

Abstract: An injector for injecting fuel, which is at high pressure, into the combustion chamber of an internal combustion engine includes valve body movably received in an injector housing, and a slide region is embodied on it. The valve body further includes a seat diameter, which cooperates with a seat face embodied on the housing and by way of which a nozzle inlet to a nozzle chamber of an injection nozzle can be opened and closed. The valve body is embodied as a 3/3-way control valve, by way of whose slide region a control chamber that varies the stroke of a nozzle needle can be controlled.

Abstract: The fuel injector has a housing that is formed from at least one nozzle tension nut, a first injector module and a second injector module. The first injector module and the second injector module adjoin one another and are disposed in the nozzle tension nut. A fuel high-pressure bore is led through the first injector module and the second injector module. A fuel return bore is disposed in the housing. Contact surfaces between the injector modules form a first gap that adjoins the high-pressure bore. Contact surfaces between the nozzle tension nut and the injector modules form a second gap that is connected to the first gap. The return line adjoins the second gap for the discharge of fuel that has entered the second gap from the high-pressure bore via the first gap. The fuel injector is such that the second gap is sealed off relative to the surroundings of the fuel injector.

Abstract: An oil activated fuel injector control valve which reduces bouncing of the spool and an impact of the spool on an open coil. This eliminates shot by shot variations in the fuel injector as well as increasing the efficiency of the fuel injector. The fuel injector includes a valve control body which has a vent holes which prevent air from mixing with the working fluid. In this manner, the working fluid does not have to compress and/or dissolve the air in the working ports prior to acting on the piston and plunger mechanism in an intensifier body of the fuel injector.

Abstract: The invention relates to a common rail fuel injector having an injector housing with a fuel inlet in communication with a central high-pressure fuel reservoir outside the injector housing and with a pressure chamber inside the injector housing. A control valve assures that a nozzle needle lifts from a seat when the pressure in the pressure chamber is greater than the pressure in a control chamber that communicates with the fuel inlet via an inlet throttle. The control chamber is defined by a bush that is displaceable, causing a sealing action, on the end of the nozzle needle remote from the combustion chamber and that is kept in contact against the injector housing with the aid of the nozzle spring.

Abstract: Fluid in a chamber, through which a fuel control armature is moving, is used to dampen armature vibrations. This dampening effect is achieved by forming a passage through which the fluid flows as the actuator moves to a steady state position. This passage may be implemented in a control module for controlling fuel delivery in a fuel injector. The control module includes a control module housing defining the cavity. The armature is disposed at least partially within the cavity. The armature affects the flow of fuel in the injector by changing the area of a fuel port through which fuel passes. The fluid passage is formed as the armature moves towards a contact wall defining the cavity.

Abstract: In a fuel injection valve having a pressure control chamber, a nozzle, and an electromagnetic valve, a fuel flow-in passage, a fuel flow-out passage and at least a part of the pressure control chamber are formed in a single piece of a plate in such a manner that the part of the pressure control chamber is opened to an axial end surface of the plate and the fuel flow-out passage extends so as to penetrate the plate axially from an inner wall of the part of the pressure control chamber to another axial end surface of the plate and the fuel flow-in passage comprises a first passage extending from the axial end surface of the plate and a second passage extending from the inner wall of the part of the pressure control chamber, which intersect with each other within the plate, wherein an entrance orifice is formed in first passage.

Abstract: A fuel injection valve includes a housing in which a pistonlike valve member is disposed longitudinally displaceably in a bore to cause at least one injection opening to communicate with a pressure chamber embodied in the housing. An inlet conduit discharges into the pressure chamber to fill the pressure chamber with fuel at high pressure. A fuel-filled control chamber in the housing at least indirectly exerts a force acting in the closing direction on the valve member. The control chamber communicates with the inlet conduit and can be made to communicate via a control valve with a leak fuel chamber. A damping chamber communicates with the inlet conduit via a throttle.

Abstract: For each cylinder of the internal combustion engine, the fuel injection system has one high-pressure fuel pump and one fuel injection valve communicating with it. A first pump piston of the high-pressure fuel pump defines a pump work chamber, which communicates with a pressure chamber of the fuel injection valve; the fuel injection valve has an injection valve member, by which injection openings are controlled, and which is movable by the pressure prevailing in the pressure chamber in an opening direction counter to a closing force. The high-pressure fuel pump has a second pump piston, which defines a work chamber, and on which, after an initial pumping stroke, the first pump piston comes to rest, so that the second pump piston likewise executes a pumping stroke.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for measuring and controlling the temperature of fuel inside a fuel injector is provided. A first resistive element having a resistance that varies with temperature is positioned proximal the fuel within a fuel injector and a second resistive element having a known resistance is placed in series with the first resistive element and connected at a node. When a known voltage is applied across the resistor-divider network, the voltage generated at the node corresponds to the temperature of the fuel within the fuel injector. The first resistive element may also be used to heat the fuel within the injector to a predetermined temperature. Logic circuitry prevents energizing the first resistive heating element if any fuel injector coils are energized, thereby ensuring full voltage is available to drive the fuel injector coils.

Abstract: A nozzle assembly for a fuel injector having a needle valve for controlling an injector valve orifice, the needle valve being subjected to a spring force and a fluid pressure force. The needle valve registers with a fuel delivery orifice and is movable into and out of engagement with a valve seat surrounding the orifice. The needle valve is normally biased to a valve closing position by a spring located in a spring cage. The spring cage becomes pressurized upon movement of the needle valve toward the needle valve open position, whereby a positive pressure is maintained in the spring chamber throughout the fuel injection event. A calibrated bleed orifice allows the spring chamber pressure to decay to a low value between injection events.

Abstract: An injector for injecting fuel into a combustion chamber of an internal combustion engine has a nozzle needle having a nozzle chamber with a nozzle inlet, a pressure convertor with a pressure chamber, two control valves arranged after the pressure convertor and having one control valves which releases and closes the nozzle inlet to the nozzle chamber of the nozzle needle, control chambers, and a high pressure line through which the control chambers and the pressure chamber of the pressure convertor are loaded with high pressure, one of the control chambers of the pressure convertor being connected by one of the control valves, while the nozzle inlet is provided with high pressure.

Abstract: Disclosed is an injector for fuel injection, with a magnet valve for controlling an injection valve, in which the magnet valve has a movable armature that can be moved onto a valve seat in the lower armature chamber. The lower armature chamber communicates fluidically with the control pressure chamber of the injection valve via bores. Via a return bore, incidental leak fuel quantities can be returned to a tank via the lower armature chamber. To prevent armature recoil upon closure of the valve seat by the armature, it is proposed that means be provided in the injector for reducing pressure fluctuations occurring in the lower armature chamber. Eliminating pressure fluctuations in the lower armature chamber leads to maximal elimination of armature recoil.

Abstract: The fuel injection valve (16) has an injection valve member (24), by which at least one injection opening (26) is controlled. The motion of the injection valve member (24) is influenced by a control valve (18), which has a control valve member (62) by which the pressure in a control pressure chamber (48) is controlled and which is movable by an adjusting force generated by a piezoelectric actuator (80) and in the process control the communication of the control pressure chamber (48) with a relief chamber (12). The control valve (18) has two valve seats (60, 74), spaced apart from one another in the direction of motion of the control valve member (62), with which seats the control valve member (62) cooperates, each with a respective sealing face (66, 69) disposed on it, so that the control valve member (62) has two closing positions, in which the control pressure chamber (48) is disconnected from the relief chamber (12).

Abstract: A fuel supply system has a pump, a common rail, and injectors. Pressurized fuel is stored in the common rail. The common rail distributes the fuel to the injectors. A liquid fuel and a liquefied gas fuel such as dimethyl ether and a liquefied petroleum gas may be used as a fuel. In each injector, a valve element is actuated directly by an electromagnetic actuator. The injector has a low pressure chamber for decreasing a biasing force which acts on the valve element in a valve closing direction. The valve element can be divided for replacement. The injector has means for suppressing the bounce of the valve element. A hydraulic unit which utilizes the fuel suppresses the bounce of the valve element. The fuel supply system is connected to a refrigerating cycle. The fuel leaking from the fuel supply system is cooled and again liquefied by the refrigerating cycle.

Abstract: The invention relates to a valve for controlling fluids, having an inflow line (7) and a leak fuel line (8), which each communicate with a pressure chamber (6). A piston element (3, 4) is also provided, which is adjustable by a control element (2) and opens and closes a first passage (10) between the inflow line (7) and the pressure chamber (6). The piston element (3, 4) has a slide element (3c), which is disposed directly at the seat of the piston element. The stroke length (h2) of the bc (3c) for opening the first passage is greater than or equal to the stroke length (h1) for closing a second passage (5) between the pressure chamber (6) and the leak fuel line (8).

Abstract: A piezoelectric actuated fuel injector is provided for use in conjunction with an internal combustion engine. The fuel injector includes a piezoelectric actuator for actuating an injector valve, and a hydraulic assembly for interfacing between the piezoelectric actuator and the injector valve, where the injector valve axially separates from a discharge outlet in response to longitudinal expansion of the piezoelectric actuator, thereby allowing fuel flow from the fuel injector.

Abstract: A device and a method for positioning the ports and passages of injector parts during an assembly of a fuel injector. The device uses a groove or a keyway with a retaining band having a key portion disposed on the retaining band. The method includes forming grooves on the parts of the fuel injector to be aligned, preventing displacement of the parts by inserting the key portion of the retaining band into the substantially aligned groove.

Abstract: An oil activated fuel injector control valve which reduces bouncing of the spool and an impact of the spool on an open coil. This eliminates shot by shot variations in the fuel injector as well as increasing the efficiency of the fuel injector. The fuel injector includes a valve control body which has a vent holes which prevent air from mixing with the working fluid. In this manner, the working fluid does not have to compress and/or dissolve the air in the working ports prior to acting on the piston and plunger mechanism in an intensifier body of the fuel injector.

Abstract: A fuel injector comprising a valve needle which is slidable within a bore and engageable with a seating to control fuel delivery through first and second outlet openings. The valve needle is moveable between a closed position and first and second fuel injecting positions. The fuel injector further comprises a fuel supply passage for supplying fuel under pressure to the bore and a control chamber which is arranged to receive fuel from the fuel passage, in use. The valve needle is acted upon in use by a force due to fuel pressure within the control chamber. An actuator arrangement controls fuel pressure within the control chamber, and a damping means are provided for damping movement of the valve needle away from the seating into the first or second fuel injecting position. The supply passage for fuel may be provided with a restricted flow passage which serves to limit the amplitude of pressure waves within the supply passage.

Abstract: A valve unit having a first valve element, a control unit, a control line extending between the control unit and the first valve element is provided. Pressurized actuation fluid may be applied to the first valve element via the control unit and the control line, in order to bias the first valve element in a first direction. A vent passage is provided, which is fluidly connected to the control line between the first valve element and the control unit. A second valve element which is movably disposed in the control line and has a first position in which said vent passage is closed, and a second position in which said vent passage is open to the control line.

Abstract: The invention relates to an injector for an injection system for injecting highly pressurized fuel into the combustion chambers of internal combustion engines. An inlet from the high-pressure accumulation chamber feeds into a control chamber that can be connected to the nozzle inlet of the injection nozzle by means of a sealing seat that can be opened. In order to close the leakage oil outlet when the inlet line from the high-pressure accumulation chamber is opened, a sealing surface covers outlet-side control edges on the valve housing.

Abstract: The invention relates to a common rail injector for injecting fuel in a common rail injection system of an internal combustion engine, having an injector housing which communicates with a central high-pressure reservoir and in which a nozzle needle that cooperates with a valve piston which is guided in a valve piece is axially displaceable. To increase the service life of the injector, the end toward the nozzle needle of the valve piston or of a thrust rod triggered by the valve piston is guided coaxially to the axis of symmetry of the nozzle needle.

Abstract: Disclosed is an accumulator comprising a cylindrical shell including a cylindrical portion, a partitioning member for partitioning the interior of the shell into a hydraulic chamber and a gas chamber, and a port including a hydraulic fluid flow path for communicating the exterior of the shell and the hydraulic chamber. The variation of the pressure of a hydraulic fluid flowing into the hydraulic chamber is accommodated by expansion and compression of a gas in the gas chamber according to expansion and contraction of the partitioning member. The port is approximately airtightly inserted into the cylindrical portion of the shell, and is welded to an outer circumference of the cylindrical portion by means of welding.

Abstract: A nozzle assembly allows a metered dose of lubricant to be dispensed. It comprises a housing and a piston assembly. The housing defines a piston bore, a stem bore and a spout, all of which axially aligned. It also defines a lubricant passage, an air inlet, and a channel linked to the inlet. Connectable to a source of lubricant, the passage communicates with the stem bore. Connectable to a source of air, the inlet communicates with the stem bore at a position between the passage and spout. The piston assembly has a piston with stem and a spring. The piston lies in the piston bore, its back communicating with the channel. The protrudent end of the stem protrudes into the stem bore and has a groove defined about its circumference. The spring biases the piston assembly into a charge position wherein the groove aligns with the passage. This enables the groove to fill with lubricant.

Abstract: A wear and scuff-resistant plunger for use in high pressure fuel system components in internal combustion engines is provided. The plunger, which is formed of a high thermal expansion, high hardness ceramic with a thermal expansion coefficient preferably greater than 6.times.10.sup.-6 /.degree. C. and a hardness preferably greater than 800 Kg/mM.sup.2, maintains a desired optimum minimal diametral clearance while avoiding excessive fuel leakage and efficient plunger function without scuffing or sticking under the high axial, side and pressure loads and variable quality fuels encountered in the fuel system operating environment. Preferred high thermal expansion, high hardness ceramics are zirconia, alumina-zirconia and alumina.

Abstract: An injector body defines a fuel pressurization chamber, a spill passage, a stop volume and a nozzle outlet. Positioned within the injector body is a plunger which is movable between a retracted position and an advanced position. The plunger opens the spill passage to the fuel pressurization chamber over a portion of the distance between the retracted and advanced positions. The injector body also contains a needle valve member which includes a closing hydraulic surface that is exposed to fluid pressure in the stop volume. The stop volume is pressure coupled to the spill passage.

Abstract: A hydraulically-actuated fuel injector includes an injector body that defines an upper actuation fluid cavity, a lower actuation fluid cavity, an actuation fluid inlet, a spill passage, a piston bore and a nozzle outlet. A control valve member is positioned in the injector body and moveable between a first position and a second position. An intensifier piston is positioned in the piston bore and moveable between a retracted position and an advanced position. The piston has a primary hydraulic surface exposed to fluid in the upper actuation fluid cavity, and an opposing hydraulic surface exposed to fluid in the lower actuation fluid cavity. The upper actuation fluid cavity is open to the actuation fluid inlet, and the lower actuation fluid cavity is open to the spill passage when the control valve member is in its first position. The spill passage is blocked when the control valve member is in its second position.

Abstract: A fuel injection nozzle includes a lift piece located on the side of a nozzle needle. A protrusion of the lift piece and the distal end of a push rod are held by a spring seat with a specified clearance therebetween as a prelift. The adjustment of the prelift can be performed only by taking out the lift piece to be adjusted, so that the adjusting work of the prelift, accompanied with disassembly of the fuel injection nozzle becomes easy and fuel injection characteristics are improved.

Abstract: An improved fuel injector for an engine has a first passageway, a first outlet for the first passageway and a first fuel inlet for the first passageway. The injector further has a second passageway with a second outlet and a second fuel inlet. First and second pistons are movable within the first and second passageways. An apex chamber is defined by the first and second outlets of the first and second passageways. The injector has an outlet located downstream of the apex chamber. The first and second pistons are movable in the same direction simultaneously and expel fuel from the injector outlet.

Abstract: The opening and closing motion of a control piston effectively connected to an injection valve element is optimally designed in that in addition to a first control space, there is a second control space whose volume and fuel control pressure can be changed by the piston motion. During the opening motion, the pressure in the second control space retards the opening procedure. During the closing motion, the control piston is additionally accelerated by the system pressure when there is a predetermined pressure in the second control space in order to effect rapid closing of the injection openings. Relief elements ensure a pressure balance between the second control space and the high-pressure region. One of the two control spaces is connected to the high-pressure region when there is a predetermined pressure in the second control space.

Abstract: An improved, full-authority, digital-electronic-controlled cylinder fuel injection system for internal combustion engines is conceived that utilizes positive displacement metering and electrohydraulic actuation with pressure amplification, positive feedback control and self cooling. The injectors operate from a relatively low pressure common rail fuel supply that may be fed by either pumping or from a pressurized fuel tank. The injectors incorporate self cooling passages that enable continuous operation independent of engine cooling, if any. The injectors comprise a stepped piston freely oscillating in a cylindrical housing providing an actuation chamber at the large end and a metering cup and injection nozzles at the other. A third chamber is provided in between for handling a degree of piston leakage and ullage.

Abstract: The opening and closing motion of a control piston effectively connected to an injection valve element is optimally designed in that in addition to a first control space, there is a second control space whose volume and fuel control pressure can be changed by the piston motion. During the opening motion, the pressure in the second control space retards the opening procedure. During the closing motion, the control piston is additionally accelerated by the system pressure when there is a predetermined pressure in the second control space in order to effect rapid closing of the injection openings. Relief elements ensure a pressure balance between the second control space and the high-pressure region. One of the two control spaces is connected to the high-pressure region when there is a predetermined pressure in the second control space.

Abstract: A unit fuel injector adapted for periodic injection of fuel into a combustion chamber of an engine at variable times from cycle to cycle under the control of the engine lubrication fluid is provided, comprising an injector body containing an injector cavity and a discharge orifice communicating with one end of the injector cavity to discharge fuel into the combustion chamber, a lubrication fluid timing circuit and a fuel metering circuit separate from the lubrication fluid timing circuit. A lubrication fluid link positioned in the lubrication fluid timing circuit within the injector cavity has a variable effective length which is varied by the operation of a control valve positioned within the lubrication timing circuit to vary the timing of injection. The control valve is operated to control the flow of lubrication fluid in the lubrication fluid timing circuit to control both the timing of injection and the metering of fuel on a cycle by cycle basis.

Abstract: A fuel injector for an internal combustion engine includes a main body including a timing bore, a timing plunger disposed in the timing bore, an electronically-operated solenoid valve assembled to the main body, a nozzle having a needle bore and an injection needle disposed in the needle bore which needle is operable under certain conditions to lift so as to initiate fuel injection. Disposed between the main body and the nozzle member is a one-piece adapter which is designed to include an axially-extending metering bore and a needle spring cavity. A metering plunger is disposed within the metering bore and a biasing spring is disposed within the needle spring cavity. At the base of the needle spring cavity is a button which serves as a direct abutment interface between the top of the needle and the bottom of tile biasing spring.

Abstract: This invention relates to accumulator injectors for a gas and/or liquid fueled diesel engine fuel injection system. Such structures of this type, generally, allows for variable injection timing and duration while providing a multiple fuel capability by changing the fuel distribution/atomization nozzle.

Abstract: A FRP laminate composed of synthetic resin material, which contains spheres, and short strands of chopped fibers mixed into the resin/sphere blend in criss-cross, hodge-podge fashion, the sphere members and high application pressure combining to force down any upstanding chopped fibers and to make the chopped fibers lie flat in the resin layer and to knock air out of the resin layer, said sphere members comprising a plurality of high density spheres. A method of making a FRP laminate for a boat hull or the like includes spraying into a mold a synthetic resin liquid containing spheres while simultaneosuly applying chopped glass fibers into the fan-shaped stream of resin/sphere blend with the chopped fibers being randomly distributed in the resin layer in a hodge-podge fashion.

Abstract: A unit fuel injector adapted to receive fuel from a fuel supply at relatively low pressure and adapted to inject fuel at relatively high pressure into the combustion chamber of an internal combustion engine is provided, comprising an injector body having a first internal bore and an injector orifice and a plunger mounted for reciprocating movement within the first internal bore to define a variable volume fuel pressurization chamber including a cam actuated upper plunger portion and a lower plunger portion mounted in the first internal bore between the variable volume fuel pressurization chamber and the upper plunger portion. While the upper plunger portion is in its retracted position, low pressure fuel from the fuel supply is supplied to the variable volume fuel pressurization chamber.