Abstract: A unit fuel injector assembly (88) periodically injects fuel of a variable quantity on a cycle to cycle basis as a function of the pressure of fuel supplied to the injector from a source of fuel and at a variable time during each cycle as a function of the pressure of the timing fluid supplied to the injector from a source of timing fluid. A reciprocating plunger assembly (146) is received within the injector body (106) and includes an upper plunger section (148), a lower plunger section (150) and an intermediate plunger section (152) in order to define a variable volume timing chamber (138), a variable volume injection chamber (162) and a variable volume compensation chamber (176).

Abstract: A unit fuel injector adapted to receive fuel from a fuel supply at relatively low pressure and adapted to inject fuel at relatively high pressure into the combustion chamber of an internal combustion engine is provided, comprising an injector body having a first internal bore and an injector orifice and a plunger mounted for reciprocating movement within the first internal bore to define a variable volume fuel pressurization chamber including a cam actuated upper plunger portion and a lower plunger portion mounted in the first internal bore between the variable volume fuel pressurization chamber and the upper plunger portion. While the upper plunger portion is in its retracted position, low pressure fuel from the fuel supply is supplied to the variable volume fuel pressurization chamber.

Abstract: A mechanically pressurized electronic fuel injector is for use in internal combustion engines and is actuated by the engine valve train. The fuel injector has an injection stroke for discharging fuel into the engine and a metering stroke for receiving a predetermined volume of fuel in the injector. During the injection stroke, a coupling member contacts a timing plunger and transmits a compressive force from the engine valve train. The coupling member and the timing plunger are not mechanically connected together and are capable of independent relative movement. During the metering stroke of the injector, the timing plunger is returned to its pre-injection position under the pressure generated by the fuel entering the timing and metering plunger chambers.

Abstract: A mechanically pressurized electronic fuel injector for use in internal combustion engines is actuated by the engine valve train during the injection stroke. A control solenoid is mounted to the injector and has its axis inclined with respect to the axis of the injector. A control valve passage has its axis generally coaxial with the central axis of the control solenoid. Machining of the control valve passage is accomplished through the receiving boss for the control solenoid. High pressure sealing plugs, previously required to seal orifices in the exterior surface of the injector body which were needed to provide access to drill or machine the control valve passage, are completely eliminated. The drilling and machining of the control valve passage is accomplished without drilling through the exterior surface of the injector body.

Abstract: A gasoline unit injector comprising an outer, electrically conductive bellows, defining a variable volume fluid chamber, for reciprocating a piston within a pressure chamber to increase the fuel pressure in various downstream cavities. Various bellows are disposed within such chambers and are deformable in response to the increased pressure, the bellows are operative to control the rate at which fuel flows out from a metering orifice upon activation of a coil assembly.

Abstract: A gasoline unit injector comprising an outer, electrically conductive bellows, defining a variable volume fluid chamber, for reciprocating a piston within a pressure chamber to increase the fuel pressure in various downstream cavities. Various bellows are disposed within such chambers and are deformable in response to the increased pressure, the bellows are operative to control the rate at which fuel flows out from a metering orifice upon activation of a coil assembly.

Abstract: A fixed volume receiving cavity (18) of a fuel injector (11) receives fuel from a fuel inlet valve means (23, 24) in accordance with the time duration(T.sub.A) of fuel metering control signal pulses (100). Injection occurrence control signal pulses ( b 101) actuate a compressed air inlet valve means (26-30) connected to the cavity to inject the contents of the cavity through an outlet valve (20) and into a combustion chamber (15) of an engine. The fuel metering pulses (100) are developed by a microprocessor (50). Circuitry (53-66; 70-79,66) separate from and external to the microprocessor receives the fuel metering control signal pulses and provides, in response thereto, the fuel injection occurrence control signal pulses. Use of a fixed volume receiving cavity in the injector, in combination with the time-controlled fuel inlet valve means, eliminates many mechanical likages required in most prior injectors.

Abstract: An apparatus for spraying paint in which paint is introduced into the inlet side of a powder-driven pump and the paint or other liquid is maintained above or at approximately 400 psi with power-driven pump. Pressurized paint or other liquid is then accumulated in an accumulator vessel such that, after initial pressurization of the accumulation, the pressure in the accumulator is always greater than or equal to approximately 400 psi during spraying. Communication is effected between the accumulator and a spray head, which head is located remotely from the power-driven pump. The paint or other liquid is throttled through small orifice in the spray nozzle while crating, with the small orifice, a localized pressure of at least 100 psi at the upstream side of the small orifice. The paint or other liquid is discharged through the spray head and directed toward an object to be sprayed, so that the object receives a coating of paint or other liquid via an airless spray.

Abstract: A cam-operated, electronically controlled, unit fuel injector (2) including an injector body (4) containing a fluid timing circuit (20) and a fluid metering circuit (22) communicating with an injector cavity (14) within which is mounted a reciprocating plunger (16,76,78) operated by an injector cam (12) which causes the plunger (16,76,78) to experience first and second dwells during each injector cycle wherein fluid may flow in the timing circuit (20) but may not flow in the metering circuit (22) during the first dwell and may flow in the metering circuit (22) but may not flow in the timing circuit (20) during the second dwell and wherein a solenoid valve (44) is opened during the first dwell to control timing and is closed during the second dwell to control metering.

Abstract: An electromagnetic unit injector for use in a diesel engine includes a housing with a pump therein defined by an externally actuated plunger reciprocable in a bushing to define therewith a pump chamber open at one end for the discharge of fuel via a discharge passage means to a spring biased, pressure actuated injection nozzle. The pump chamber is supplied with fuel from a fuel chamber, containing fuel at a suitable supply pressure, via a one-way valve controlled supply passage. The discharge passage means is also in flow communication with the fuel chamber via a primary drain passage means as controlled by a differential area valve. The differential area valve, at an enlarged diameter end thereof defines, in part, a pressure control valve that is connected by a throttle orifice passage to fuel flow in the discharge passage means and, by a secondary drain passage, having a solenoid actuated control valve therein, to the fuel chamber.

Abstract: A pump injector sends a premetered quantity of fuel to a needle type injector of the type including a piston and a discharge chamber. The injector includes a compression piston mechanically controlled by cam or eccentric having any form. The compression piston compresses fuel within a compression chamber. An injection piston is activated exclusively by the pressure within the compression chamber, opposed by an opposing return spring. The injection piston in turn compresses the fuel in an injection chamber designed to feed the injector. A pressure regulator limits the pressure in the compression chamber to a high, preset value independent of the speed and load of the engine.

Abstract: A unit injector (2) of the cam actuated, open nozzle type is disclosed in which an extremely compact injector body (4) has a minimum number of internal flow passages (66, 72) designed to reduce the complexity and cost of manufacture of the injector. The invention is characterized by an injector body (4) having an exterior shape designed to form a fuel supply flow path (22) and an isolated fuel drain flow path (24) between the exterior surface of the injector body (4) and the interior surface of the recess (6) in which the injector (2) is designed to be received. This arrangement allows a very simple pattern of radial passages (66, 72) to be formed in the injector body (4) even through the injector (2) is designed to provide scavenging fuel flow previously requiring a much more complex injector design.

Abstract: An injector for a diesel engine is provided which includes a housing having an internal bore, and a reciprocating plunger disposed within the bore and coacting therewith to pump fuel, dampen plunger movement, and quickly vent fuel pressure to provide a sharp end of injection. The bore is generally coextensive with the housing and a spray tip is attached to the end of the bore to introduce fuel into a combustion chamber. The plunger forms a chamber at the end of the bore that expands to admit fuel and contracts to express fuel as the plunger reciprocates within the bore. The chamber has an upper portion that pumps fuel and a lower sealable portion that entraps fuel to dampen plunger movement. The plunger and bore also form a reciprocating spill valve above the chamber to vent fuel pressure. An internal inlet passage supplies fuel to the pumping chamber portion. An internal spray passage connects the pumping chamber portion to the spray tip. The spill valve communicates with the chamber.

Abstract: A unit injector assembly (2, 40) of the cam actuated, open nozzle type is disclosed in which an extremely compact injector body is actuated by a cam lobe (42) having a stepped profile for causing fuel to be metered into an injection chamber (52) of the injector (2) without blow back of gas into the supply passage (66) feeding fuel to the injector. The invention is characterized by an injector body (4) having a minimum number of internal flow passages (66, 72) designed to reduce the complexity and cost of manufacture of the injector and having an exterior shape designed to form a fuel supply flow path (22) and an isolated fuel drain flow path (24) between the exterior surface of the injector body (4) and the interior surface of the recess (6) in which the injector (2) is designed to be received.

Abstract: A fuel injection system for an internal combustion engine, comprising cylinder which has a delivery plunger slidable therein, an injection plunger which is hydraulically actuated by the delivery plunger and which defines an injection pump chamber, a timing plunger which defines a timing pump chamber selectively connected to a drain and which is hydraulically actuated by the delivery plunger to control the connection of the timing pump chamber to the drain, a controllable electromagnetic control valve, balance timing orifice, non-return valve, fuel passage and metering groove feeding the fuel into the injection and timing pump chambers, and nozzle for injecting the fuel delivered by the injection pump chamber, the injection plunger and timing plunger being axially displaced by the fuel fed into the respective pump chambers, in directions opposite to the directions of the movement of the two plungers caused by the delivery plunger, through a stroke in proportion to the amount of the fed fuel.

Abstract: A nozzle is disclosed for the air injection of fuel into the combustion chamber of a diesel engine cylinder. The nozzle includes a piston reciprocably mounted in the nozzle body to define therein a premixing chamber to be placed in and out of communication with the combustion chamber via spray holes at the tip of the nozzle body. Slidably fitted at one end in an axial bore in the piston, a needle valve is sprung to normally close the spray holes with its other end. Toward the end of the compression stroke of the piston, the mixture of fuel and air trapped in the premixing chamber acts on the needle valve to cause same to open the spray holes against the bias of the spring and thus is injected into the combustion chamber. The spring serves to cause the needle valve to firmly close the spray holes immediately upon full injection of the fuel-air mixture.

Abstract: For the injection of premixed fuel and air into a diesel engine cylinder, a nozzle assembly has a piston reciprocably mounted in a nozzle body to define a premixing chamber therein. Fuel and air are delivered into this premixing chamber through respective ports which are simultaneously covered and uncovered by the piston. Extending through the premixing chamber, a stepped plunger has one end slidably fitted in a bore in the piston to define a pressure chamber therein for exerting a decreasing air pressure on the plunger and has the other end arranged for movement out of and back into the nozzle body for spraying the fuel-air mixture from the premixing chamber through spray holes formed therein. During the stroke of the piston to compress the fuel-air mixture trapped in the premixing chamber, the compressed mixture acts on the step of the plunger to hold same retracted in the nozzle body against the decreasing air pressure in the pressure chamber.

Abstract: A fuel injector comprising a housing, a barrel within the housing and a nozzle member attached to one end of the housing. The barrel has a plunger bore and opposite end faces. The barrel also has an inlet passage leading from a first of the barrel end faces to the plunger bore and an outlet passage leading from the plunger bore to one of the barrel end faces. The inlet passage has an inlet passage leg and first and second axially spaced generally transverse legs extending from the inlet passage leg to the plunger bore and terminating in a spill port and a metering port, respectively, at the plunger bore. The outlet passage has an outlet passage leg and a transverse leg opening at a drain port at the plunger bore and extending to the outlet passage leg. At least one of the inlet passage leg and the outlet passage leg is inclined as it extends toward the associated transverse leg.

Abstract: The disclosure relates to a fuel injector for an internal combustion engine and, more particularly, to a fuel injector for a compression-ignition type engine. The fuel injector precisely meters fuel and accurately times the start and duration of fuel injection in response to an electrical signal that is a composite of a multiplicity of engine and environmental operating parameters as opposed to a fuel pressure threshold.

Abstract: This disclosure deals with a mechanism for adjusting the timing of initiation of injection by a fuel injector of an internal combustion engine. The mechanism includes a piston connected to be moved by a drive for the injector, and another piston which is connected to move the plunger of the injector. A timing fluid supply is provided for feeding a timing fluid into a timing chamber formed between the two pistons under selected operating conditions, the timing fluid forming a hydraulic link between the two pistons. The mechanism further includes pressure relief means for releasing a portion of the timing fluid after the termination of injection, the relief means comprising a pressure responsive mechanism.

Abstract: A closure is provided for an accumulator. The closure comprises a drain housing, a spring within the drain housing, and hollow cup-like piston within the drain housing, which is urged into an open position by the spring. With the piston in a closed position, the accumulator port is closed and blocks the bladder from entering the drain. The piston has substantially elliptical drain holes in its cylindrical side wall. With the piston in an open condition, the drain holes extend from within the accumulator housing to within the drain housing. The wall which defines the opening of each drain hole, at the portion adjacent to the closed joint of the piston, is canted so that a vector of the forces attributable to liquids leaving the accumulator is directed against the piston to aid in keeping it open. The spring is a coiled spring, so dimensioned as to be proximate the drain housing wall so as to be removed from the flow of the stored substance as it enters and leaves the accumulator.

Abstract: The pressure vessel of a hydraulic accumulator comprises bowl-shaped body and lid members welded together edge to edge, lid member uppermost. A bowl-shaped diaphragm in the vessel having its concave surface facing up is supported by a rigid ring having a large diameter radially outer portion seated on an upwardly facing circumferential shoulder on the body member, near its rim. A smaller diameter radially inner portion of the ring is clinched over a bead around the edge of the diaphragm. The ring also has a frustoconical, upwardly tapering radially intermediate portion connecting its radially inner and outer portions, to hold the rim of the diaphragm at a high level in the vessel.

Abstract: A fuel injection nozzle for internal combustion engines with a nozzle needle movably guided in a nozzle body, which supplies fuel metered by a metering device under pressure to the combustion space by way of at least one injection bore; a servo-piston is thereby provided on the actuating side of the nozzle needle which is guided intermittently actuatable and displaceable against the force of a spring in the injection direction by a pressure medium.

Abstract: A pressure transfer unit having a movable partition including a flexible bellows for separating an internal, controlled-pressure chamber from a reference-pressure chamber. A valve is provided for limiting the volume of liquid that can be injected into and received in the controlled-pressure chamber during filling or refilling thereof. A spring biases the partition to apply a predetermined force to the partition and to shut off fluid transfer in the event of bellows failure. The unit is arranged for simple and rapid assembly and disassembly.