Abstract: Invention relates to material breaking or milling devices for ultra-fine milling of materials. A material breaking device comprises a frame structure (1) with an upper bracket (1A) and a lower bracket (1B); a tubular housing (4) arranged between said brackets (1A, 1B). The tubular housing (4) is attached to said frame structure (1) in rotatable manner such that the tubular housing (4) rotates relative to the frame structure (1). The material breaking device further comprises at least one conical distributor (5) arranged in the tubular housing (4) and at least one outlet cone (7) arranged in the tubular housing (4) downstream from the conical distributor (5). The device further comprises a permanent magnet unit (9) attached to the tubular housing (4) such that at least two permanent magnet units (9) are provided for each milling chamber (6, 8) for creating rotating magnetic field within the milling chambers (6, 8).

Abstract: A component is described which may comprise a structure formed from a material selected from the group consisting of aluminum and an aluminum alloy. The component may further comprise a sacrificial layer in electrical contact with at least a portion of a surface of the structure. The sacrificial layer may protect the surface from localized corrosion and may comprise an alloy that is more anodic than the material forming the structure. The alloy may be selected from the group consisting of an aluminum alloy and a zinc alloy.

Abstract: A workpiece holding jig is a vibratory barreling jig which holds a flat workpiece when the workpiece is polished by a vibratory barreling device using polishing media. The workpiece holding jig includes disk-shaped guard members and each having an outer shape larger than the workpiece and disposed so as to face each other and a holding member holding the workpiece inside a housing space so that the entire workpiece is located inside the columnar housing space. The guard members and are respectively provided with window portions communicating with the housing space. The window portions and the annular imaginary curved surface extending to connect the peripheral edges of the guard members are configured to allow the polishing media to pass between the inside and outside of the housing space.

Abstract: A grinding and mixing mechanism for mixing and grinding fluid paint or fluid slurry includes a barrel, a rotor rotatably mounted in the barrel, grinding rolls rotatably mounted in the outer perimeter of the rotor and rotatably kept in contact with the inner barrel wall of the barrel for grinding a fluid paint or slurry, and a stirrer connected to the rotor for synchronous rotation with the rotor to mix the fluid paint or slurry circulated through the barrel. The invention also provides a mixer grinder using the grinding and mixing mechanism.

Abstract: The present subject matter provides colored wear tiles for use in optical sorting apparatuses and related methods that separate an associated material into a desired product and an undesired product. The colored wear tiles have a color and/or lightness value that permeates the entire body of the wear tile and sufficiently differs from the color and/or lightness of the associated material in order to allow the colored wear tile, or portions or pieces thereof, that may mix with the associated material, to be separated from the desired product by the sorting apparatus.

Abstract: Ball mill (10) comprising at least two milling cup retainers (13) arranged on a machine base plate (12), each milling cup retainer being designed for a milling cup (23) clamped in the milling cup retainer in a lying position, each milling cup having end-face milling cup ends and a filling of balls as milling bodies and comprising a drive that causes a rotational motion of the milling cup retainers (13) characterized in that each of the milling cup retainers (13) arranged in pairs is put in restraint-guided circular motion, oriented parallel to the plane of the machine base plate (12) by means of the drive via two eccentric shafts (25) connected to the milling cup retainers (13) on faces opposite to each other in relation to an axis of symmetry of the milling cup (23), a counterweight (28) being arranged on each of the two eccentric shafts (25) associated with a respective milling cup retainer (13) and passing through the machine base plate (12), below the machine base plate, and on the face of the eccentric s

Abstract: A system for mechanical milling and a method of mechanical milling are disclosed. The system includes a container, a feedstock, and milling media. The container encloses a processing volume. The feedstock and the milling media are disposed in the processing volume of the container. The feedstock includes metal or alloy powder and a ceramic compound. The feedstock is mechanically milled in the processing volume using metallic milling media that includes a surface portion that has a carbon content less than about 0.4 weight percent.

Abstract: The invention provides a process for preparing a neutral or an overbased detergent, the process by: reacting (a) a pre-prepared suspension comprising (i) a metal base with a mean particle size of 10 micrometers or less; (ii) a surfactant; and (iii) an organic medium in which the metal base is suspended typically by a physical process. An overbased detergent may be formed with a further reaction with acidifying overbasing agent. The invention further provides a lubricant composition containing said neutral and overbased detergent.

Abstract: The present invention is related to a grinding device, comprising a body configured as a hollow barrel having an open and a first fixing element positioned close to said open; an inner cap configured to mount to an inner wall of an end close to said open of said body having a second fixing element corresponding to said first fixing element; wherein an aperture is provided on said inner cap, and a first leak-proof seal is configured to surround said aperture; an outer cover having a second leak-proof seal, wherein said second leak-proof seal is made joint said first leak-proof seal for leak-proofing; and a grinding element positioned inside said body and capable of moving therein freely; wherein an area of any cross section of said grinding element is bigger than said aperture of said inner cap.

Abstract: Increased surface area for a milled product is provided by modifying a standard vibrating media mill for a bottom feedstock feed instead of a top feed, and by replacing the front discharge grate with a solid disk having a slot or slots in the upper region thereof to increase dwell time. In one embodiment, ceramic media replaces the traditional depleted metal ball media.

Abstract: A bead mill for performing wet comminuting including a stationary vessel having an internal wall and forming a milling chamber to be filled at least partly with milling bodies, raw particles and a carrying liquid to form a suspension within the milling chamber; an activator shaft, rotatable around an axis concentric with the stationary vessel and a rotating activator connected to the activator shaft, to comminute said raw particles to produce milled particles; characterized in that said bead mill further comprises a separator, containing a separator chamber disposed substantially vertically, a laminarization portion providing an upward laminar suspension flow within the separator chamber, to separate the milled particles from the milling beads and raw particles depending on the flow velocity of said upward laminar suspension flow.

Abstract: A method is disclosed of producing stable nanosized colloidal suspensions of particles with limited crystallinity loss, products thereof, use of the products and an apparatus for the method. In particular the present invention relates to a wet milling method with small beads wherein the size of the final particles in suspension are stabilized in the nanorange (D50<75 nm) and at the same time the particles substantially maintain the crystallinity.

Abstract: Milling apparatus suitable for mechano-chemical breakdown of contaminated media reliant upon housed ball mill units each able to be cradle mounted to receive a rotational drive of a shaft and to feed material downwardly from housing to housing.

Abstract: A stirred ball mill assembly includes multiple vessels each having a body supporting sets of magnets rotatable with respect to the body. Each vessel defines an enclosed milling chamber, and has a stirring arm assembly extending in the respective enclosed milling chamber and connected for rotation with the respective sets of magnets. The sets of magnets and the stirring arm assembly are completely enclosed within the respective vessel. The vessels are configured to be stacked with one another so that adjacent ones of the sets of magnets are magnetically coupled with one another. A drive motor assembly has another set of magnets magnetically coupled with one of the sets of magnets of the stacked vessels. The drive motor can rotate the stirring arm assemblies within the milling chambers of the milling chambers of the stacked vessels via magnetic coupling of the magnets.

Abstract: The invention relates to a device (1) for producing chocolate by mixing and grinding ingredients, such as cacao mass, cacao butter, sugar and/or milk powder, comprising a mixer (3), a grinder (4), and means for passing the mixture from the mixer (3) to the grinder (4). The mixer (3) comprises a toroidal, preferably annular vessel (6) for receiving and mixing the ingredients.

Abstract: A useable particulate nepheline syenite having a grain size to provide an Einlehner Abrasive Value of less than about 100 is described. The particulate nepheline syenite is generally free from agglomeration and moisture free. At least 99% of the nepheline syenite particles have a size less than 10 microns. In practice, the nepheline syenite grain size is less than about 5 microns and the distribution profile of the particulate system is generally 4-5 microns.

Abstract: A material to be treated containing solid particles in a liquid is stirred together with milling media, and irradiated with ultrasonic waves during stirring to finely mill the solid particles to nanometer size and disperse the solid particles in the liquid. The ultrasonic waves create cavitation in the liquid and upon decay of the cavitation, shock waves are produced that cause the solid particles to vigorously collide with one another and with the milling media and these collisions, together with the shearing forces created by collision of the milling media, can produce on a commercial scale nano particles having an average particle size of at most 100 nm.

Abstract: A planetary ball mill includes: a revolution turning arm turned about a revolution shaft rotated by a driving force; mill pots each supported on the revolution turning arm so as to be rotated about a rotation shaft inclined from the vertical direction toward the side of the revolution shaft; and an outer circumferential pot receiver which is disposed fixedly on the upper side of the revolution turning arm along the whole part of a circumference around the revolution shaft and with which the outer peripheral surfaces of the mill pots revolving attendantly on the turning of the revolution turning arm make contact, whereby the mill pots are put into rotation.

Abstract: Provided are methods for producing carbonate-containing compositions comprising silicon-based material (e.g., pozzolanic material) from a source of carbon dioxide, a divalent cation-containing solution, and a source of proton-removing agents. In such methods, divalent cations of the divalent cation-containing solution are provided by digestion of material comprising metal silicates. Also provided are methods for producing carbonate-containing compositions comprising little or no silicon-based material. In such methods, silicon-based material (e.g., silica, unreacted or undigested silicates, aluminosilicates, etc.) may be separated and processed separately from carbonate-containing compositions. Silicon-based material and carbonate-containing material may be blended at a later stage to produce a pozzolanic material, which may be further processed and blended with, for example, Portland cement.

Abstract: A clean dry white glass powder useful as a substitute for Portland cement in concrete, in paints, and for other known uses for glass powder produced conventionally can be produced from unsorted post-consumer waste glass, including a substantial fraction of non-glass items, by employing glass pulverizing equipment to reduce waste glass to small fragments, allowing removal of trash, employing a multistep washing process to clean the glass fragments, in the preferred embodiment using aggregate cleaning equipment, drying the fragments, preferably using fluidized bed techniques, and grinding the glass to a desired particle size, preferably using a ball mill, in combination with an air classification step to produce a bright white glass powder of uniform particle size.

Abstract: The process of the present invention includes obtaining a feed material having an initial median particle size. A solution of a polycarboxylate dispersant in water is formed, then the feed material is added to the solution to form a slurry. The slurry is wet-ground to reduce the median particle size of the feed material. Optionally, the total amount of polycarboxylate dispersant is divided into a plurality of doses that are added periodically over the total grinding time.

Abstract: A method for producing a decomposer of an organic halogenated compound comprises subjecting an iron powder produced beforehand to plastic deformation that gives the iron powder particles a flat shape. Further, an iron powder and a copper salt powder are mechanically mixed in a ball mill to produce a copper salt-containing iron particle powder in which the particles of the two powders are joined. In this case, the method for producing the decomposer of an organic halogenated compound is characterized in that the iron powder is mechanically deformed to give the particles a flat shape.

Abstract: A clean dry glass powder useful as a substitute for Portland cement in concrete, in paints, and for other known uses for glass powder produced conventionally can be produced from unsorted post-consumer waste glass, including a substantial fraction of non-glass items, by employing glass pulverizing equipment to reduce waste glass to small fragments, allowing removal of trash, employing a multistep washing process to clean the glass fragments, in the preferred embodiment using aggregate cleaning equipment, drying the fragments, preferably using fluidized bed techniques, and grinding the glass to a desired particle size, preferably using a ball mill, in combination with an air classification step to produce a glass powder of uniform particle size.

Abstract: A Nd—Fe—B type anisotropic exchange spring magnet is produced by a method of obtaining powder of a Nd—Fe—B type rare earth magnet alloy which comprises hard magnetic phases and soft magnetic phases wherein a minimum width of the soft magnetic phases is smaller than or equal to 1 ?m and a minimum distance between the soft magnetic phases is greater than or equal to 0.1 ?m, obtaining a compressed powder body by compressing the powder, and obtaining the Nd—Fe—B type anisotropic exchange spring magnet by sintering the compressed powder body using a discharge plasma sintering unit.

Abstract: A nano-size lead-free piezoceramic powder and a method of mechanochemically synthesizing the same are provided. The nano-size lead-free piezoceramic powder can have a basic component of (KxNa1-x)NbO3, where x ranges from 0 to 1. A weight ratio of a milling ball to a raw powder can be set, and then the milling ball and the raw powder can be provided into a milling container at the set ratio. Nano-size lead-free piezoceramic powder can be mechanochemically synthesized using a high-energy ball mill device.

Abstract: Disclosed are fine powder of waste polyurethane foam and a manufacturing method thereof. According to this invention, fine powder of waste polyurethane foam can be manufactured using a crushing process including primary and secondary coarse crushing steps and a fine grinding step and a classification process, thereby solving conventional problems of the deterioration of the properties and the difficulty forming a desired cell structure, due to the use of waste polyurethane powder having a large particle diameter, and widening the range of waste polyurethane that can be recycled.

Abstract: An agitator mill comprises an annular cylindrical exterior grinding chamber which is defined by an inner wall of a grinding receptacle and an outer wall of a rotor; and an interior grinding chamber which is defined by an inner wall of the rotor and an outer casing of an interior stator. The grinding chambers are interconnected by a deflection chamber. g<h applies to the radial gap width g of the exterior grinding chamber in relation to the radial gap width h of the interior grinding chamber.

Abstract: A simply and compactly built drive system for a tube mill is provided whose force transmission is no longer threatened by flexures and other deformations of the grinding tube. A one-piece ring gear having a diameter less than or equal to the diameter of the grinding tube is attached to the small diameter end of a discharge cone of the grinding tube.

Abstract: In accordance with a preferred embodiment, a rolling-type planetary ball mill apparatus for producing nanometer-scaled powders is disclosed, the apparatus comprising (a) a main rotary wheel comprising supporting members, (b) a plurality of mill pots which are revolvable by receiving a rotational force from the main rotary wheel through their corresponding supporting members, and are disposed around the main rotary wheel with substantially equal distance between one mill pot and another, each mill pot comprising a tiltable pivotal shaft having rotary coupling means so that the pot can also rotate about its own axis, each pivotal shaft having one end being supportably connected to its corresponding supporting member of the main rotary wheel; (c) motor means in drive relation to the main rotary wheel for providing rotational forces thereto; and (d) a non-revolvable counter-acting supporting ring disposed coaxially with the main rotary wheel and in the close, working vicinity of the mill pots; each tiltable pivot

Abstract: It is an object to provide a continuous type dispersing apparatus arranged to disperse particle media in a vessel by stirring blades thereof to satisfactorily perform a process for dispersing a material to be dispersed to effectively use energy of the stirring blades to disperse pigment so as to reduce required quantity of the particle media to be discharged, prevent generation of short pass and chocking phenomena, secure safety, obtain excellent crushing efficiency and dispersing efficiency and attain economical advantage.

Abstract: A pulverizer for pulverizing a product has a container and at least one working part within the container, which may contain a pulverizing medium. At least one of (1) an inner liner of the container, (2) an outer shell of the working part and (3) an outer shell of the pulverizing medium is formed from a composite ceramic material containing aluminum oxide material as a main component, and zirconium oxide material in an amount of 15-40 wt. %. At least one of Y.sub.2 O.sub.3 and CeO.sub.2 is present in the zirconium oxide material in an amount of 0.1-5 mol %. A pulverizer may comprise at least one of a working part of the pulverizer and a container having a Vickers hardness (Hv) of 1300 kgf/mm.sup.2 or higher, and a pulverizing medium whose Vickers hardness (Hv) is 100-600 kgf/mm.sup.2 lower than that of the Vickers hardness of said at least one of the working part and the container member.

Abstract: A mill for the fine grinding of solid particles in general comprises a casing defining an internal grinding chamber through which extends a motor-driven, rotatable shaft having outer surface which is helical along a longitudinal portion thereof and having stirrer means for stirring grinding bodies in the grinding chamber, the grinding bodies being given a component of movement along the axis of the shaft which, being superimposed on the mixing movement generated by the stirrer means, causes their circulation within the grinding chamber so as to make the temperature therein uniform and the ground product more homogeneous.

Abstract: A process comprising: milling first particles, second particles, and a milling component, wherein the first particles are reduced in average diameter particle size to from about 3 to about 100 nanometers.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for preparing tissue samples for DNA, RNA or protein extraction of the present invention includes a reciprocating saw mounted to a frame and connected to a plurality of tissue sample containers containing tissue samples and agitation members. By activating the reciprocating saw, the tissue samples are ground by the agitation members. A control circuit is connected to the saw for controlling the speed and duration of the agitation.

Abstract: An auxiliary holder of tubes intended for disintegration of living cells, such as yeast cells, in the presence of glass beads, as well as for mixing substances and pellet resuspension. The holder is installed on a vibrator. Due to specially-made gaps between the tubes and the main parts of the holder the processed cells and substances are subjected to a complex impact of vibration created by the vibrator and shocks created by the holder. The holder strongly enhances the effectiveness of the vibrator. During the disintegrating process the presence of a researcher is not required.

Abstract: Method of manufacture of paint and adhesive of rubber from vulcanized rubber that is reclaimed, becoming a product that provides impermeability, flexibility and resistance to the pellicle by process of reduction to small particles through cracking beater mills, immersed in adequate solvents and recovered in ball mills to which is added products such as dyeing, pigments, asphalts, oils, accelerators, resins, etc., which give to the paint or adhesive its final characteristics.

Abstract: The invention provides apparatus for grinding comprising a generally cylindrical vessel containing grinding media, extending into said cylindrical vessel an agitator rotatable about its shaft and having pegs extending generally perpendicular to said shaft wherein said pegs extend within about 1 to about 3 mm of said vessel and wherein the diameter of said vessel is between about 10 and about 20 mm.

Abstract: A method of preparing particles of a drug substance or diagnostic imaging agent which comprises grinding the drug substance or imaging agent in the presence of grinding media comprising a polymeric resin. The method provides particles exhibiting reduced contamination.

Abstract: A carbon or alloy steel heat treated grinding rod having improved wear resistance and breaking resistance for use in a rotating grinding mill. The surface of the rod has a martensitic microstructure having a hardness of at least HRC 55. The core of the rod has a bainitic microstructure having a hardness of at least HRC 40. A preferred rod composition includes at least 0.7% carbon, at least 0.25% of molybdenum, at least 0.25% chromium, less than 0.7% manganese, the balance iron and unavoidable impurities, all percentages by weight.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for electromagnetically crushing, mixing and stirring substances is disclosed. The apparatus has a container for containing ferromagnetic or non-magnetic conductive working pieces together with substances to be processed, shifting magnetic field generators which act on and generate a random motion of the work pieces, and a mechanical driver which imparts a relative motion to said container on a plane generally parallel with the shifting direction of the shifting magnetic field generated by said shifting magnetic field generators. Similarly, the method comprises moving the container relative to shifting magnetic field generators on a plane generally parallel with the shifting directions of the generated magnetic fields.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for processing substances electromagnetically having a container for receiving conductive working pieces and substances to be processed and magnetic field generators located adjacent said container to generate violent random motion of said working pieces is disclosed. The method comprises the steps of operating said apparatus at a first magnetic field intensity level slightly greater than the minimum intensity level required to generate random motion of said working pieces, and then periodically either increasing or decreasing the intensity level from said first intensity level to maintain random motion of said working pieces. Similarly, the apparatus comprises a timing mechanism which periodically either increases or decreases the intensity level from said first intensity level.

Abstract: A system for converting a coal slurry flowable through a pipeline to a coal water mixture capable of being rendered suitable for direct combustion in a boiler. The system includes a pipeline extending from a region adjacent to a mine or source of coal to a region adjacent to a boiler or furnace at which combustion is to take place. In the furnace region, the slurry from the pipeline is directed into a holding space, such as a pond, from which it is directed to a grinding apparatus. On the way to the grinding apparatus from the pond, a side stream of the slurry is directed through a dewatering apparatus where the concentration of the side stream is increased from 50-55 weight percent of solids to about 70-80 weight percent of solids. The outlet of the dewatering apparatus is directed back to the main flow of slurry from the pond, and the main flow enters the grinding apparatus where the slurry is ground to a particle size suitable for combustion, such as 70-80% weight percent of solids at -200 mesh.

Abstract: For cleaning purposes, residual anodes obtained in fused-salt electrolysis are rotated and exposed to a flow of striker bodies which knock the bath material off the residual anode. To this end it is particularly recommended to pivot the residual anode from a vertically suspended position to an inclined pivoted position, in which free-falling striker bodies strike the anode with sufficient force and clean the same.

Abstract: A dramatic reduction in the time required to fine-grind high borate solder glasses is achieved. In the prior art method, the glass is ball-milled in the presence of an amine for about seven days or more. It has now been discovered that by first rod-milling such glasses for a period of from about 1/2 to about 24 hours, the time required for the "amine grind" can be shortened to a period of from about 1 to 3 days. A further improvement is that rod milling eliminates the laborious sieving procedure previously employed to ensure the absence of undesirably large particles in the feed to the amine grinding operation.

Abstract: An apparatus for the activation of cement comprises at least one electromagnetic particle size reducer having a common reducer hopper at the inlet ensuring a gravity feeding of cement to the reducer, and a series sequence including a receiving hopper having a crusher and a conveying screw in a casing having a classifier in the form of a screen arranged at the outlet of the screw and communicating with the reducer hopper having an inclined bottom wall, the screen of the classifier comprising a body of revolution which is rigidly secured to the shaft of the screw coaxially with the shaft and arranged together with a portion of the screw and casing inside the reducer hopper upstream the inlet of the electromagnetic reducer.

Abstract: Hydrogenation of coal is improved through the use of a mechanical force to reduce the size of the particulate coal simultaneously with the introduction of gaseous hydrogen, or other hydrogen donor composition. Such hydrogen in the presence of elemental tin during this one-step size reduction-hydrogenation further improves the yield of the liquid hydrocarbon product.

Abstract: An apparatus for separating seeds and twigs from vegetable material is disclosed. The apparatus is comprised of an outer container which is divided into a first portion and a second portion by a wall attached to the first portion. A battery-operated electrical motor is attached to an inner surface of the first portion. A switch is provided for activating the motor. A rotatable shaft extends from the first portion through a hole in the wall into the second portion and a gear mechanism drivingly couples the rotatable shaft to the electric motor. A rotatable separating mechanism is fixedly secured to the rotatable shaft within the second portion and includes an apertured container into which vegetable material to be processed is placed. The second portion defines a collection chamber for receiving vegetable material from the apertured container after seeds and twigs have been separated fro the vegetable material.

Abstract: Grinding apparatus comprising a container, means for generating a magnetic field within the container, and means for varying the magnetic field to cause relative movement between material to be ground and grinding medium in the container, at least one of the grinding medium and material to be ground being magnetic material, and the container being substantially of non-magnetic material, such as rubber or plastics.

Abstract: A ball grinding mill in which the grinding bodies are formed at least partially of ferro-magnetic material and are propelled about the grinding chamber by a magnetic field.

Abstract: The present subject matter provides colored wear tiles for use in optical sorting apparatuses and related methods that separate an associated material into a desired product and an undesired product. The colored wear tiles have a color and/or lightness value that permeates the entire body of the wear tile and sufficiently differs from the color and/or lightness of the associated material in order to allow the colored wear tile, or portions or pieces thereof, that may mix with the associated material, to be separated from the desired product by the sorting apparatus.