Abstract: An apparatus for reconditioning the floor of a poultry rearing area includes a housing and frame adapted to be attached to a three-point hitch of a tractor so that the device is propelled and powered by the tractor. The device further includes a rotating shaft having a plurality of flail elements comprising straight bar members of 10 inches or longer are pivotally attached about the circumference of a rotating shaft for pulverizing poultry litter by rotating closely adjacent a contoured bed in the housing shaped to have an arcuate shape following the arc scribed by the swing of the flail elements through at least 40.degree. of arc. A hinged top cover permits access to the flail elements and rotating shaft and a hinged rear deflector forms with the contoured bed and outlet that ensures that the reconditioned litter is deposited evenly on the floor.

Abstract: An apparatus for shredding branches, limbs, twigs, leaves or like material includes a housing having a lower cavity. A rotatable shredding mechanism is provided in the lower cavity. The shredding mechanism includes a plurality of substantially triangular shaped hammers for shredding material within the cavity. The triangular shape of the hammers increases the energy available for shredding material contained within the cavity. The shredding mechanism includes a drive shaft to which a drive sheave is connected, and is driven by a motor having a rotatable motor shaft to which a motor sheave is connected. A belt is provided about the motor and drive sheaves. A clutch mechanism for selectively imparting rotation to said drive shaft from said motor shaft includes an axially movable clutch bar to which a clutch sheave is rotatably connected.

Abstract: A cap to cover all sides of the end of a supporting body of a hammer mill rotor. The cap has two side walls, each end of which is provided with an approximately rectangular opening. In the direction of rotation of the rotor, the cap has a forward transverse wall and a rear transverse wall, each of which is provided with openings for a securing element or a plug. Each transverse wall also has a planar, inwardly directed surface, with these surfaces being directed approximately toward the center of the rotor and forming equal acute angles symmetrically relative to a plane that extends through the hammer shaft and an axis of rotation of the rotor. The inwardly directed surface of the forward transverse wall rests upon a forward end face of the supporting body. A filler member having a rectangular cross-sectional shape fills the gap between the rear inwardly directed surface and a planar rear abutment surface of the supporting body.

Abstract: An apparatus for shredding branches, limbs, twigs, leaves or like material includes a housing having a lower cavity. A rotatable shredding mechanism is provided in the lower cavity. The shredding mechanism includes a plurality of substantially triangular shaped hammers for shredding material within the cavity. The triangular shape of the hammers increases the energy available for shredding material contained within the cavity. The shredding mechanism includes a drive shaft to which a drive sheave is connected, and is driven by a motor having a rotatable motor shaft to which a motor sheave is connected. A belt is provided about the motor and drive sheaves. A clutch mechanism for selectively imparting rotation to said drive shaft from said motor shaft includes an axially movable clutch bar to which a clutch sheave is rotatably connected.

Abstract: An improved rotary mace for striking off extraneous transient projections from, e.g., ferrous castings, the mace having a hub, at least one hammer and means for pivotably securing each of the at least one hammers to the hub, the improved means for securing the hammers including an adapter block for the hammers, each adapter block being removably fixedly attached to a peripheral face of the hub and the hammer being removably pivotably attached to the adapter block, e.g., by a clevis. Preferably, each hammer is supported upon a respective adapter block and each adapter block is provided with means for holding resilient bumper means positioned to receive the impact of the pivotable hammer at either maximal pivotable position. The novel adapter block also has secure fastening means for releasably securing the means for pivotably attaching each hammer.

Abstract: A fluff producing mill for converting a pulp material into an absorbent fluff product by the operation of a hammer rotor having multiple overlapping hammer clusters which describe a hammer tip circle, and a pulp material feeder positioned to present the pulp material radially into the hammer rotor between a breaker bar and a cooperating guide plate, the feeder supporting the breaker bar so it can be adjusted toward and away from the hammer tip circle to accommodate hammer clearance at the breaker bar.

Abstract: A carbon steel with at least 1% by weight carbon and at least one carbide-forming alloying element such as chromium is forged into a construction machine-tool part for engagement with abrasive material, the forging provides a fiber extension direction which coincides with the principal direction of abrasive action.

Abstract: Apparatus for flail debarking a plurality of logs simultaneously. The logs are fed substantially side-by-side to a flail debarking unit having sets of flailing units disposed above and below the feeding plane of the logs. A size reducing means is disposed below the feed plane of the logs for reducing the debri from the logs before it is directed to an external location.

Abstract: An agricultural implement for clearing a field of crop residue after harvest is attached to the linkage of a tractor and serves to cut and shred stalks of plants planted in two parallel rows. It comprises two sheave-shaped rollers on a common axle serving to crush the stalks and to flatten them onto the ground, and two flail-type fast-rotating shredders whose cutter bars cut and shred the stalks pressed on the ground by the rollers, while slightly penetrating in to the soil surface and cutting the upper root portions as well. Each shredder consists of a drum with pivotally attached cutter bars; both shredders are mounted on a horizontal shaft which is driven by the tractor power-take-off through a gear. A casing collects the shredded particles and spreads them on the ground behind the implement.

Abstract: Refuse scrap from incinerated refuse or nonincinerated refuse is dried and precleaned to a metal content in excess of 70% and is then comminuted and abraded in a hammer shredder with the comminuted material being subjected to air separation and magnetic separation to yield a metal product containing at least 70% metal and with a density of at least 1 ton per m.sup.3 for direct use as any other iron scrap in a steel-making plant.

Abstract: A hammer mill for treating scrap metal including a rotary hammer means for delivering impact blows to scrap metal is shown. Discharge grates are provided for disposing of the scrap metal through discharge outlets for the hammer mill. The rotor is a disc type with rotating hammers located on pins extending through the discs. A plurality of caps are circumferentially located around each disc and attached thereto for protecting the disc against excessive wear. A dual feed roller feeds the scrap metal to the hammer mill to be shredded.

Abstract: A beater mill has at least one vertically or obliquely extending cylindrical milling chamber and a rotor rotatably supported in the chamber. The axis of the rotor extends parallel to the axis of the chamber. A number of protruding beaters are supported pivotably on the rotor and an inlet opening is arranged above the rotor for the supply of goods to be milled. An outlet opening is arranged below the rotor for discharge of milled goods. The cylindrical chamber wall is impermeable, optionally air-impermeable, to goods to be milled and having been milled.

Abstract: An arrangement for reinforcing and spacing annular hammer rotor disks which are securely mounted on a rotor shaft. Disposed between these disks, there are provided pivotable, replaceably mounted hammers which are offset over the periphery of the rotor and are disposed at a distance from one another. The hammers located close to one another in a row are mounted on a common supporting rod which is parallel to the axis of rotation. A plurality of U-shaped replaceable strips, each of which is provided with a crosspiece, can be placed and secured on one of the annular disks in the circumferential direction thereof. The crosspiece of one strip rests against the crosspiece of the adjacent strip, and the intersection of the abutting ends of two strips is disposed in a radial plane of one of the supporting rods. Each crosspiece, at least on a long side and near an end, is provided with a cutout which corresponds approximately to the radius of pivot and thereof approximately to half the width of the hammer.

Abstract: A tine assembly for a tiller, comprising a plate (12 or 20) mounted on a rotative shaft (11) and a plurality of tines (13 or 21) connected by a pivotal connection (14 or 22) to the plate so as to swing outwardly of the plate to engage the soil upon rotation of the plate, and limiting means comprising bolts (15 or 24) in arcuate slots (13D or 23) whereby the tines are angled or positioned for proper soil working action depending on the rotative direction of the plate with the shaft.

Abstract: A continuous chopper assembly including a housing having received therein a rotatable shaft, a plurality of blade members, means for mounting said blade members on said shaft for rotation therewith, inlet means in said housing for the delivery of material thereinto for comminution by said blade members, and drive means for rotating said shaft. Said blade members each include a curved cutting edge and a further abutment edge, wherein said mounting means for each blade member includes a pivot member for providing of the corresponding blade member about a pivot axis remote from said curved cutting edge during the rotation of said shaft.

Abstract: A railroad scarifying device is adapted to automatically distinguish between ballast and ties. The device includes a mounting piece or drum on which a plurality of hammer arms are pivotably attached. The hammer arms are pulled outwardly by the centrifugal force of rotation of the drum and include hammer teeth to pound and fracture hardened ballast in between railroad ties. The hammer arms have a tie protector or tie protecting portion which strikes ties and causes the hammer arms to retract inwardly such that the teeth avoid damaging contact with the ties. The hammer arms include a stop slot which cooperates with a stop pin mounted on the drum so as to limit the range of pivoting of the hammer arms relative to the drum.

Abstract: An improved hammer comprises a hammer body with a substantially bell-shaped profile having a larger end and sides converging to a smaller end with front and back faces that are substantially flat. A large mounting bore extends through the body closer to the smaller end to receive a pivot shaft from which the hammer may pivotally swing. A lifting eye is integrally formed with the hammer body, and includes sides that extend from the sides of the hammer body, converging to a rounded apex.

Abstract: The tip of a spider arm of a rotor of a reversible hammer mill is protected from wear and damage by a pair of replaceable caps. Each of the caps has a protective shroud for protecting a portion of the extremity of the tip and an adjacent edge of the spider arm. The caps also each have a relatively narrow web which is sized to fit within and cooperate with the web of another cap in substantially filling an open-ended slot in the spider arm. The webs of the two caps are introduced into the slot from opposite ends of the slot and held in place by a hammer pin which extends through collinear openings in the webs and the spider arm.

Abstract: The hammer mill for treating scrap metal including a rotary hammer means for delivering impact blows to scrap metal is shown. Discharge grates are provided for disposing of the scrap metal through discharge outlets for the hammer mill. The rotor is a disc type with rotating hammers located on pins extending through the discs. A plurality of caps are circumferentially located around each disc and attached thereto for protecting the disc against excessive wear. A dual feed roller feeds the scrap metal to the hammer mill to be shredded.

Abstract: A hammermill in which the hammers are carried by suspension rods for free swinging movement between a plurality of spaced discs. Each disc is provided with a peripheral hole pattern which includes a greater number of holes than there are hammers carried between each adjacent pair of discs thereby providing for relocation of the hammers one or more times to extend the life of the discs. Further protective shoes or caps cover the peripheral edge and a portion of the machined side surfaces of each disc which are subjected to extreme wear.

Abstract: An articulated knife rotor assembly in a machine for reducing materials includes a shaft rotated about the longitudinal axis thereof. A plurality of blade holders are rigidly fixed to the shaft for rotation therewith. Each blade holder extends from the shaft generally radially with respect to the axis of the shaft. Each blade holder has mounted therein for relative rotation with respect thereto about an axis of rotation at least one block member. Each block member has fixed thereto at least one knife blade. Rotation of the shaft causes rotation of the blade holders, the block members and the knife blades. However, each knife blade is pivotable with respect to the respective blade holder about the axis of rotation of the respective block member.

Abstract: Portable apparatus for shredding waste materials, particularly reinforced resilient materials such as used pneumatic tire casings, in which generally cylindrical cutter rolls, each comprising a plurality of cutter discs, are intermeshed with one another to shear scrap material into smaller pieces, and feeder-stripper rolls, each comprising a plurality of feeder-stripper discs, are intermeshed with the cutter rolls but spaced apart from one another. The cutter rolls are rotated in opposite directions, and each feeder-stripper roll is rotated in the same direction as the cutter roll with which it is intermeshed, thereby feeding scrap material between the two feeder-stripper rolls toward the cutter rolls. The feeder-stripper discs extend deeply between the cutter discs to eliminate clogging. The feeder-stripper rolls may be movable to provide greater separation for receiving and feeding larger pieces of scrap material into the casting mechanism.

Abstract: A self-loading feed mixer and transport wagon is provided which is capable of grinding and loading a stack of livestock feed material into the wagon, thoroughly mixing the feed material together, and transporting the feed material to a desired location where it is dispensed from the wagon. The wagon includes a feed grinding and loading mechanism which is vertically adjustable to engage the stack of feed material at different levels. The feed grinding and loading mechanism comprises an open-faced housing which contains a rotatable shaft provided with a plurality of hammer units and a concave screen spaced from the shaft and cooperable with the hammer units to grind the feed material. The grinding and loading mechanism includes a grapple fork pivotally mounted on the housing and adapted to urge the feed material through the open-faced housing into engagement with the pulverizing hammers. The grapple fork is provided with a shield which serves as a protective cover to close the open-faced housing.

Abstract: Leading edges of rotor-plates which carry the swing hammers of hammermills are protected from wear by removable caps, each secured by paired pin assemblies, each of which may be shifted axially to permit removal of the cap it normally secures. Each pin assembly includes a pair of tubular pins or pin portions which may be axially abutting one another, each assembly including at least one portion which is short enough to be removed (or moved axially to a position which permits removal of the cap). In the original form of the parent application, each assembly was totally countersunk within the cap, having heads at each end that were countersunk and having in each head the countersunk head or nut of a tie-bolt. In the form preferred at the time of filing this continuation-in-part application, the pair of tubular pivots forming each assembly is held in place by reliable friction resulting from the expanding force of split-spring-tubes forcefully squeezed substantially closed during insertion.

Abstract: A method of mounting and dismounting hammers in a hammer mill in which the hammers are supported in rows on carrier bars, in which each such row of hammers is grasped, lifted and held, by means of a gripping and lifting device, in a position in which the carrier bar, on mounting of the hammers, may, in the unloaded state, be inserted in the row of hammers and connected to the rotor of the hammer mill in order thereafter to be loaded with the weight of the hammers. Moreover, on dismounting of the hammers, the carrier bar may, in the unloaded state, be withdrawn from the row of hammers which is thereafter lifted out of the hammer mill.

Abstract: A glass breaking machine having a hammer mill removably mounted within the machine. The hammer mill includes multiple series of hammers each following an orbital pattern offset from the remaining hammers. A hammer mill housing opening enables hammer mill removal for service purposes. Similarly, each hammer is readily detachable from the hammer mill. A chute is swingably mounted to enable classifying of the fractured material according to color or other criteria.

Abstract: Flail members are mounted on a rotatable drum by providing a plurality of angularly spaced rows of longitudinally spaced openings in the drum. A tube rectangular in cross section extends through each opening and is secured rigidly to the drum for receiving a clevis with a sliding fit with the inner end of a flail member being attached to the clevis. Transverse openings through the walls of the tube and the legs of the clevis are aligned with each other in a direction longitudinally of the drum for receiving a rod which extends inwardly of the drum and longitudinally thereof. Detachable means locks the rod in place.

Abstract: Replaceable protective means for protecting an end disc of a rotor shredder from excessive wear includes a protective cap of hardened, wear resistant metal, and at least two pins and washers of readily weldable metal. The protective cap has a U-shaped channel for receiving a curved portion of the periphery of the end disc. The opposed walls of the U-shaped channel each have at least one pair of pin-receiving openings and the openings in each wall are aligned with those in the opposed wall. When the cap is positioned in place on the end disc with the pin receiving openings in the opposed walls of the cap aligned with openings which extend through the end disc, the pins which have enlarged heads at one end which are larger than the openings in the disc can be inserted into the aligned openings and secured in place by welding a washer which also is larger in diameter than the openings in the disc to the other end of each of the pins.

Abstract: This invention relates to pulverizers of the kind comprising a barrel having an inlet for material to be pulverized, an outlet, an upright rotor rotatable within the barrel and a plurality of hammers mounted on the rotor. Apparatus according to the invention is provided with a double shell barrel having an inner shell spaced radially from the outer shell by tubular braces which also serve to mount striker blades. Preferably the striker blades are longitudinally adjustable and preferably the hammers are swing mounted.

Abstract: A tree delimbing apparatus comprises a housing through which trees are conveyed and delimbed; the housing has an open bottom through which branches and leaves are discharged. A series of rollers are mounted inside the housing for conveying and delimbing the trees; the delimbing rollers are drums to which are attached a plurality of flexible flails extendible under centrifugal force, the flails detaching leaves and branches from the trees as they are conveyed through the housing. The particular construction of the housing enables the recuperation of all limb debris for other uses such as energy source, prevents pollution from spreading of such debris, and insures safety of all personnel in the vicinity of the machine.

Abstract: A material unloader for forage or the like includes a closed box-type body having interior unloading mechanism for delivering material to an exterior chute and has at least one, and preferably two, latchable closures for providing access to the body interior. The unloading mechanism is designed for connection to a source of power exteriorly of the body and locking apparatus on the closures is arranged for purposes of safety so that the unloading mechanism must be rendered inoperable to effect the opening of any closure and cannot be made operable while any closure is open and affording access to such mechanism. This unloader may be mounted on a wheeled chassis for towing or mounted on a self-propelled vehicle.

Abstract: A two-piece hammer for a rotary hammer mill having a separate hammer shank and a separate replaceable hammer tip. The shank and the tip have interlocking portions so that when the two parts are assembled and secured by a transverse pin they form a unitary hammer body that may be mounted on a rotor assembly in a hammer mill used for crushing or shredding materials.

Abstract: A hammer mill comprising a housing and mounted within the housing a rotor and a breaker and screening assembly which cooperates with the rotor is constructed so that the breaker and screening assembly may be angularly displaced between an operative position adjacent the rotor and a servicing position at which access may be had to the breaker and screening assembly from outside the casing.

Abstract: A refuse shredder, which includes a rotor assembly and a housing, has removable shredder hammers which are adapted for replacement without disassembly of the rotor. The hammers have compound slots formed in the hammer bodies and have entry openings leading to the slots, whereby they are mounted on vertical hammer shafts of the rotor assembly.

Abstract: An impact crusher includes a shell housing, a main drive shaft, a first member mounted on the shaft, and a second member carried on and rotatable with respect to the first member. Impact members act against the inner lining of the housing to crush the material. The impact gap between the impact members and the housing lining is variable in a stepless fashion by a drive mechanism which rotates the first member relative to the second member to thereby drive the impact members radially. In one embodiment each impact member is driven by a pin which extends through the impact member and overlapping elongated holes in the first and second members. In other embodiments, a plurality of linking elements are employed. Weights may be provided to counter-balance the forces in the crusher resulting from the centrifugal forces of the impact members. These weights may also serve as an alternate set of impact members usable when the normal impact members become worn.

Abstract: In a hammermill or the like and employing hammerheads with sockets which receive the rotor hammer arms, slots are provided in the hammer arms to receive cross pins which extend through apertures in the hammerheads and the slots to hold the hammerheads to the arms. Spacers having a convex outer surface which is complementary to the curved slot ends and a concave inner surface complementary to the curvature of the pins are employed to positively position the pins in the desired position in the slots and thus, by use of different size spacers, enable adjustment of the radial extension of the hammerheads with respect to the arms to compensate for wear and maintain a desired clearance with the working chamber wall and thus maintain a desired particle size.

Abstract: A hammer formed of a solid metal body of uniform thickness having a working end and a mounting end is reinforced by an increase in cross-sectional surface area at the mounting end, and provided with a channel around the mounting end and along the walls, relieved toward the longitudinal axis of the hammer, which connect the ends, both the relievement and the channel reducing the weight of the hammer remote from the working end to locate the center of mass closer to the working end.

Abstract: An improved hammer design for a swing-hammer type crushing machine. The hammer is in at least two pieces, a shank and a detachable tip section. The shank is pivotably mounted at one end on a rod extending between a pair of radial discs spaced along the machine rotor. The tip section is joined to the shank by a simple connecting pin which passes through co-aligned holes in a bifurcation on the tip and a lug extending outwardly from the shank. Spaced apart tabs at the free end of the shank co-operate with a stop on the rotor to limit the pivotal movement of the hammer between predetermined limits such that the connecting pin is always confined between the pair of rotor discs during operation of the machine. However, a worn or damaged tip section can be readily replaced in situ by removing the rotor stop, pivoting the hammer so the connection between the shank and tip are outside the rotor, and removing the connecting pin.

Abstract: A garbage disposal unit including a frame mounting a drive motor and a garbage disposal. The garbage disposal has a separable housing which mounts a hammer assembly over a perforated screen assembly. The housing has a cylindrical annular side wall closed at opposite ends by removable end plates to define a grinding chamber. The screen assembly slides into the bottom of the grinding chamber between breaker bars carried by the annular side wall and is retained in position by the end walls to separate the grinding chamber inlet from the outlet. The holes through the screen plate of the screen assembly cooperate with the hammers on the hammer assembly to comminute the garbage as the hammers are rotated thereby. The holes are staggered to maximize the comminution cooperation between the hammer assembly and the screen assembly with the hammers being staggered axially and circumferentially so that the hammers rotate in separate cutting planes axially spaced from each other.

Abstract: A combination tub comminuting apparatus and blower for simplifying and reducing the number of moving parts in a forage comminuting means. The comminuting portion comprises rotor means which rotates on a radius of the tub and is situated in an opening extending from near the edge of the tub to a point which is near the center of the tub. Since the forage is fed to the end of the cylinder described by the rotor rather than to the sides as in normal comminuting means, the length of the cylinder is very short compared to the diameter. The beating means grab the forage and pull it into the enclosure in pieces. Some embodiments of the concept include teeth on the stator enclosure for the rotor to provide further comminution before the rotor executes its final step of forcefully discharging the comminuted forage, via the beating means, in a blower-type action.

Abstract: In order to grind refuse, such as municipal waste, two horizontal rotating elements, each carrying a plurality of radiating swinging hammers pivotally attached to discs spaced from each other, are driven in meshing rotation within a housing, the lower inner portion of which presents a series of grate bars extending radially inwardly toward, but spaced from the ends of the swinging hammers. Because the two elements are interconnected for synchronized rotation, the inertia of one element is added to the inertia of the other element to overcome surges of refuse arriving at the entrance of the grinder, which surges might otherwise stall the motor driving only one element. Stationary impact shear bars may be provided at the refuse entrance area of the housing to mesh with the rotating hammers, thereby to cause the ejection of uncrushable objects.

Abstract: A mill for the pulverizing and classification of particles utilizing an impact rotor to obtain the reduction of large chunks and particles of materials by impaction between lining plates and hammers mounted on the rotor. The lining plates are mounted on adjustable walls of an impact reduction chamber in a position to be impacted by the particles thrown from the impact rotor hammers. Particles are then carried by vertical air flow into vertically stacked classification chambers which are located directly above the attrition chamber. Gravity and deflector plates cause the return of some of the particles which receive a secondary impact with the impact rotor producing a continuous interchange of particles and resulting in the autogenous attrition of the particles between the rotor and lining plates. Another feature of the present invention is the utilization of a "fluidizer" to maintain the flow of particles which accumulate at the bottom of the impact reduction chamber.

Abstract: A stack feeder is described for use in association with a stack mover arranged to advance a haystack in the longitudinal direction of the stack feeder. The feeder includes a base frame and a flail assembly located above the base frame and positioned transversely with respect to said longitudinal direction. Means are provided coupling the flail assembly to the base frame for pivotal movement with respect to the frame about a horizontal axis so that the flail assembly can be moved up and down along an arcuate path above the frame. The flail assembly includes a rotary flail and a hood which extends longitudinally of the flail. The flail is made up of an elongate support rotatable about a horizontal axis, and a plurality of knives carried by the support for action on a haystack in use. Means are provided to move the flail assembly along said arcuate path. The feeder also includes means for rotating the flail at a relatively high speed. Conveyor means are supported on the base frame below the flail assembly.

Abstract: A rotor for crop handling machines has a plurality of double-pivoted, radially-extending arms and structure on the segments of each arm to position the segments such that any radially inwardly directed impact force, such as from stones and other obstructions, causes immediate buckling of the arm about its pivot points instead of fracturing the segments or bending their mounting pins. In one embodiment, each arm is provided with a positive stop between the segments that holds them in a pre-buckled condition such that the tip of the outer segment, with respect to the direction of rotation of the rotor, trails the common plane containing the pivotal axes of the double-pivoted arm. In a second embodiment the individual segments are constructed such that their centers of gravity are laterally offset, with respect to one another, causing the desired trailing relationship of the tip of the outer segment.

Abstract: A rotary hammerbreaker including a plurality of discs driven upon a rotor shaft, a plurality of rods extending through the discs parallel to the rotor shaft and radially spaced therefrom and a plurality of hammers pivotably mounted upon the rods between the discs. The hammerbreaker is provided with a protective device consisting of a plurality of shields each including a hub mounted upon one of the rods between adjacent discs. The shields are formed with a circular segmental flange fixed to the hub extending over a part of the periphery of each of the adjacent discs between which the hub is mounted to protect the disc periphery. The flange has a circumferentially extending portion which is an integral fraction of a whole circle so that a number of the shields can be fitted to a rotary hammerbreaker to provide substantially continuous protection around the periphery of the discs.

Abstract: A hammer mill has a plurality of hammer assemblies pivotally mounted about the periphery of a rotating rotor. Each hammer assembly has an arm portion connected to a pivot shaft and carrying a detachable head with slightly inclined impact surface. An equalization mass is attached to a rear side of the arm portion with its center of gravity rearwardly of a line between the center of gravity of the entire hammer assembly and the pivot shaft. As the material of the hammer wears away, the center of gravity of the assembly moves rearwardly, pivoting the hammer head forwardly under the centrifugal forces imposed. The wearing life of the head is increased and an optimum impact angle is maintained by the equalization weight. The head is made detachable from the arm but is positively locked during operation.

Abstract: A pulveriser separator principally intended for handling refuse such as garbage including a housing having an upwardly divergent funnel portion and a downwardly depending skirt portion, and at least one hammer mounted for rotation about a substantially vertical axis within the housing, the funnel portion consisting of a plurality of imperforate pulveriser plates disposed to provide a polygonal cross-sectional inner periphery for the funnel.

Abstract: A two-piece hammer for a shredder has a separate hammer face and a separate hammer peen. The face and peen are complementary and have interlocking surfaces so that they may be mounted on a hammer disc or rotor by a single hammer pin to form a unitary hammer which allows the hammer face to be replaced when worn and the peen to be reused.

Abstract: A waste mangler system, optionally provided with classification means, for processing garbage, municipal waste, and the like whereby to mangle or break up compacted garbage and other materials, break open bags and bales, and otherwise treat the refuse for a flailing-type reduction. The machine is vertically oriented and includes a rotor having rapidly revolving cross-arms, mounted to a central shaft, which are provided with rigid impact blades and flail elements. The impact blades include rearwardly tapered leading edges so that debris may slide outwardly thereon under the action of centrifugal force to approach the area of reduction proximate the flail elements used. The material descending through the drum of the machinery is deposited down to suitable conveyer means that may be coupled to air classification or other means for material separation and further processing.

Abstract: An impact type rock crusher having a rotor comprised of a plurality of stirrup type hammers adapted to swing through arcs of approximately 180.degree. between bumper blocks about pivot axes as well as rotating about the main shaft of the rotor. The grate positioned beneath the rotor through which the crushed material exits may be moved uniformly radially with regard to the rotor to an alternate grate position to vary the clearance between the hammers and the top surface of the grate. The overall design of the system reduces the height of the apparatus, and the apparatus may be made portable for movement from one location to another.