Abstract: Methods are disclosed for conditioning biomass. The methods generally include flash dessicating the biomass to reduce a particle size of the biomass; mixing the biomass with a liquid carrier; and exposing the biomass and the liquid carrier to a mechanical hydrodynamic cavitation process. The methods can be employed during ethanol production from grain based feedstock.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for controlling the partial pressure of oxygen when mutually separating minerals in the different process steps of the separation process. In order to control the partial pressure of oxygen, the gases fed in the different process steps are recirculated in an essentially closed gas circulation created around the equipment used in the different process steps, so that the gas recirculation is controlled by measuring the potential of the slurry containing valuable minerals.

Abstract: A rasp (grater) cover releasably covers either side of a rasp to protect a user from the grating elements when the rasp is not in use and to catch grated material when in use. The rasp has a head portion, grating surface portion with grating elements and a handle portion. The cover is sized and shaped to frictionally fit between ends of the head portion and handle portion. The cover is preferably transparent and includes measuring indicia.

Abstract: A roof shingle stripper, grinder, and blower includes: a motor to power the device; self-propelled wheels that move the device forward and urge the shingles into the device; a lifting blade that lifts up and dislodges the shingles from the roof; a shredder having two rows of grinding wheels that grind the shingles into pieces and blow the pieces into a conduit; and the conduit has a side wall that, when the wall is in a first position, diverts the pieces in a first direction, and when the wall is in a second position, diverts the pieces in a second direction.

Abstract: A hopper for a roof shingle stripper, grinder, and blower includes: a hopper; a catch area on the hopper, adapted to receive the debris; an output opening on the hopper, adapted to output the debris; a plate to urge the debris toward the output opening; and a manipulator connected to the plate having a portion that extends outside of the hopper. The manipulator pushes upon the plate thereby urging debris in the hopper toward the output opening. The grinder machine may include a motor, self-propelled wheels, a lifting blade for roof shingles, a shredder, and a conduit with a wall that channels the debris to one of two outputs.

Abstract: A device for the determination of the state of wear of comminuting tools a comminuting tool, a comminuting device with such a comminuting tool, and a corresponding method. A reference surface is provided on the comminuting tool, the surface from which the distance A0, A1 to the active edges of the comminuting tool can be determined. The degree of wear then results from a comparison of the original distance A0 in an unused comminuting tool with the distance A1 reduced due to wear after a certain period of use. The thereby achieved advantage is that the state of wear can be determined independent of the general wear of the comminuting device. A distortion of the measurement result caused by this is therefore ruled out.

Abstract: Disinfection of waste can be carried out by first cutting the waste into small pieces to expose surfaces in the waste and then simultaneously spraying the waste pieces with disinfectant and agitating them. The waste pieces are agitated by applying sufficient vacuum to suck the waste pieces through a processing system, the vacuum creating a wind inside the system that sweeps up the waste pieces, suspends them in air, and keeps them separate from one another, thereby exposing substantially all surfaces of the waste pieces to the sprayed disinfectant.

Abstract: A mill having a grinding member carrying one or more fixed openings (37) at its periphery, wherein in the vicinity of the fixed opening(s) there is provided one or more variable openings (36), the fixed and variable openings permitting air to flow from beneath the grinding member to above the grinding member. This arrangement allows for good air flow control; air speed may be kept desirably low even when the mill must be run at a high mass flow rate.

Abstract: There is described a crushing plant and a method for controlling the same. The crushing plant involves a gyratory crusher (1) with means for controlling a minimum gap in a crushing chamber, and is driven by a diesel engine (18). A load value is retrieved from the diesel engine e.g. by means of a J1939 interface. If the retrieved value exceeds a predetermined threshold value, the minimum gap is increased. Thereby it can be avoided that the diesel engine stalls; such that continuous operation of the crushing plant may be ensured.

Abstract: A hammer for a hammermill includes an elongated pin hole and a pin-hole insert that allows the hammer to be mounted in a first position and a second position on a rotor of a hammermill to prolong the useful life of the hammer. The insert is installed in the pin hole using corresponding mating features. A hammer assembly and method for prolonging the life of hammers in a hammermill are also described.

Abstract: A shredder is disclosed having a gas detection system. According to one embodiment, one or more sensors may be placed inside the housing of the shredder to detect the presence of gases, and in particular, flammable or combustible gases. If a gas is sprayed into the shredder, the sensor(s) will detect the gas and the shredder may be deactivated. In addition, an exhaust fan may also be activated to purge the gas from the housing. Further, one or more indicators may be provided to alert the user that the sensor has detected gas. For example, a visible signal and/or audible sound may be generated to alert the user that the sensor has detected a flammable or combustible gas.

Abstract: A shredder includes a housing having a throat for receiving at least one article to be shredded, a shredder mechanism received in the housing and including a powered motor and cutter elements used to shred the at least one article, a detector configured to detect a presence of the at least one article being received by the throat, and a controller coupled to the motor and the detector. The controller is configured to allow a running operation of the motor responsive to the detector detecting an article being received by the throat. Also, after a predetermined amount of time, the controller may stop operation of the motor if an article is not inserted into the throat. A thickness detector may also be used in the shredder.

Abstract: A shredder includes a housing having a throat for receiving at least one article to be shredded, a shredder mechanism received in the housing and including an electrically powered motor and cutter elements, a detector configured to detect a thickness of the at least one article being received by the throat; and a controller coupled to the motor and the detector. The shredder mechanism enabling the at least one article to be shredded to be fed into the cutter elements and the motor is operable to drive the cutter elements so that the cutter elements shred the articles fed therein. The controller is configured to vary running operation of the motor responsive to the detector detecting the thickness of the at least one article being received by the throat.

Abstract: A process for recycling scrap of shoe stiffener comprising the steps of: 1. Kneading the collected scrap of shoe stiffener, having a core layer of TPU resin material (with filler) sandwiched in between two opposite net fabric layers, to be dense clumps; 2. Freezing the dense clumps to be hard frozen clumps; 3. Crushing the hard frozen clumps to be a crushed product including pellets of resin material, and short fibers; and 4. Extruding the crushed product including pellets and short fibers to produce a regenerated core layer; and covering or laminating two net fabric layers on opposite sides of the regenerated core layer to obtain a regenerated shoe stiffener sheet to enhance environmental protection and prevent from wasting of material resources.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a shredder having a rotatable device located adjacent an output opening of the shredder housing. The rotatable device includes a shaft configured to rotate about an axis parallel to an axis of the cutting assembly so as to allow for rotation of the device. The rotatable device has a plurality of fingers extending at least partially radially from the shaft. The rotatable device is able to rotate about the shaft axis in either direction, so as to disperse any accumulation of shredded materials in the waste bin, as well as remove shredded materials caught in or near the cutting assembly adjacent the output opening.

Abstract: The present invention provides an integral system for recycling post consumer motor-oil plastic containers. Oils and especially motor-oil, physically attaches to its HDPE (high density polyethylene) containers demanding a unique recycling process. As described by this patent, oil-contaminated plastic containers are thermally drained and mechanically freed from their labels and aluminum sealing rings. Unlabeled containers are further shredded through oil-free flake-cutting process, in which, plastic melting is minimized, thus preventing oil to be trapped inside the plastic structure. A hot water bath of sulfonic acid and/or detergents, containing the shredded flakes, is subjected to a very high turbulence in the absence of air (water sealed), which induces liquid cavitation.

Abstract: A composite material includes a body and a plurality of nano-scale probes. The body is made of a polymer. The plurality of nano-scale probes is embedded in the body. The nano-scale probes are substantially uniformly distributed in the polymer matrix. A method for making the composite material is further provided.

Abstract: A vertical shaft impact crusher for crushing material including a rotor for accelerating a first flow of material to be crushed, a first feed device for feeding the first flow of material to the rotor, a housing that includes a circumferential impact wall section against which the accelerated first flow of material may be crushed, and a second feed device for feeding a second flow of material to be crushed into the path of the accelerated first flow of material. The second feed device includes an inner hopper and an outer hopper. The inner hopper includes at least one outlet for allowing the second flow of material to enter a space formed between the inner and outer hoppers. A slide plate inclined substantially tangential in relation to the rotor is located adjacent the at least one outlet in the space between the inner and outer hoppers.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method, which can be used to detect the wear of prebeater heads of a prebeater (1) of a beater wheel mill in a simple manner.

Abstract: A method of treating municipal solid waste comprising the steps of: shredding the waste to a first particle size,—storing the shredded waste in an aerated storage bay (14) for a first period time; shredding at least some of the waste to a second particle size,—and agitating the shredded waste in a rotating drum (19) for a second period of time and then outputting the treated waste; wherein biological decomposition under aerobic conditions takes place in the aerated storage bay and the rotating drum.

Abstract: A shredder includes a thickness detector device having a contact portion in a throat of a housing. The contact portion is movable by a thickness between opposing major surfaces of at least one article being received by the throat. The thickness detector device includes a detectable portion movable by the contact portion, and a detector for detecting at least one position of the detectable portion that includes a position when the detectable portion has been moved by the contact portion by an amount that correlates to a predetermined maximum thickness. A controller is coupled to the thickness detector, is operable to prevent a motor from driving cutter elements in a shredding direction responsive to the detector detecting that the detectable portion has been moved by the amount that correlates to the predetermined maximum thickness, and is configured to vary the predetermined maximum thickness based on receiving an input parameter.

Abstract: The invention provides a device for destroying sheet material, comprising shredding means (2) for shredding the sheet material and a feed conveyor system (3) for feeding sheet material to be destroyed to the shredding means from a feed location, wherein the feed conveyor system is arranged for feeding sheet material to be destroyed to the shredding means from a number of different feed locations (4). The invention further provides a system for sorting and destroying sheet material.

Abstract: Disclosed is a preparation method of a snow removal agent comprising: a crushing step of crushing halite using a crusher; an aging step of aging the crushed halite; a first mixing step of mixing the aged halite with magnesium chloride in a stirring machine and stirring the mixture; and a second mixing step of adding sodium tripolyphosphate, sodium metasilicate and urea and stirring the resultant mixture. The snow removal agent prepared by the present invention is not hardened even when stored for a long period of time and is environment-friendly with no negative effects to plants, fish and shellfish.

Abstract: An auto feed shredding apparatus has cutter elements for destroying articles and a mechanism for advancing articles from a tray and into the cutter elements for shredding. A method for advancing articles to be shredded is also described. A feed mechanism is used to lift articles from atop a stack and feed them into the shredder mechanism. The articles in the tray may be lifted via exhaust of a blower or a fan, and drawn to towards the feed mechanism via a vacuum. The shredder apparatus may also include a stripping device for removing articles that are stapled together. A number of sensors for determining an amount of articles queued in the tray and an accumulation of shredded articles in a container may also be provided. The sensors may be used to perform a predetermined operation of the shredder, such as alerting a user of an overload or shredding articles.

Abstract: An assembly has a bin level detection system having at least one sensor positioned to receive radiation reflected off any material deposited in a bin and to determine an intensity of the reflected radiation. The intensity corresponds to an amount or level of shredded material deposited in the bin. The system may detect radiation from one or more emitters, or, alternatively, detect ambient light entering the bin via a window. A level indicator system may also be provided to indicate the amount of material deposited in the bin, including if the bin is full. The assembly may comprise a shredder and a shredder housing.

Abstract: Polysilicon rods from the Siemens process are crushed into fragments and further processed to fragments having very low metal contamination in an economical manner by purposefully fabricating parts contacting the polysilicon from materials which cause high metal contamination, and removing the metal contamination by a cleaning bath or baths tailored to the particular metal contamination. By this process, economical materials previously scrupulously avoided, such as low alloy steel, can be used for crushers, conveyors, and other polysilicon-contacting parts of the crushing and classifying system.

Abstract: An anti-spin assembly is arranged in a gyratory crusher. The anti-spin assembly includes an expandable braking receptacle, which is adapted to be expanded by way of a pressure medium. The braking receptacle is arranged in a space between a first surface formed on a part which rotates with the crushing head and a second surface formed on a non-rotary part which is connected to the frame bottom part. The braking receptacle is arranged, when expanding, to engage both the first and the second surface, thereby braking the rotation of the crushing head.

Abstract: This invention relates pulp based food carton and a method thereof, said carton is formed of pulp material with the incorporation of Optimum Resonant (different types of mineral elements) that naturally emit far infrared radiation (FIR), allowing the foods to be kept fresher and longer with better taste to provide benefits to both consumers and the farmers. Cartons use in storing, packaging, protecting of eggs, milk and beverage are disclosed.

Abstract: A cotton fiber particulate and method of manufacture including, generally, obtaining cotton fibers; mixing the cotton fibers with a solvent such as water to obtain a fiber furnish; milling the fiber furnish; and drying the fiber furnish to recover the cotton fiber particulate. Other steps include modifying the pH of the fiber furnish with a material such as calcium carbonate in an effort to make the fibers brittle, and filtering the fiber furnish to recover the cotton particulate. The fibers are milled to between 5-25 microns in length with a mean length of less than 50 microns with a mean length of 20 microns preferred.

Abstract: A shredder having a feature which prevents shredder operation or provides a user alert when the accumulation of shredded material in the disposal basket has reached the capacity of the basket.

Abstract: An apparatus, system, and method are disclosed for condensing, separating and storing recyclable materials. The apparatus, in one embodiment, stores recyclable materials and melts the recyclable materials into a condensed form. The apparatus may include an enclosure with one or more openings to receive an item made from a recyclable material, a storage compartment to enable removal of stored recyclable materials, at least one heating module to melt the recyclable material into a condensed form, and a receptacle configured to retain a melted form of the recyclable material. Thus, the recyclable material may be easily and conveniently stored for reprocessing. The apparatus may further separate the recyclable material according to the type of recyclable material.

Abstract: The invention relates to a technically advantageous method of producing low-dust granules of polymer additives or polymer additive mixtures. The granule-forming polymer additives are mixed together, the mixture is converted into a workable mass and pressed through an orifice. The pre-shaped strand-like extruded mass is cooled and, while still in a workable state, formed into granules by rolling, impressing, cooling and comminuting.

Abstract: A device and method to provide a simplified wash process and controlled disintegration of a soft substance, such as a gel, are disclosed. In use, a block of, e.g., gel matrix is placed in the device and washed with a series of appropriate solutions to remove interfering contaminants. The washing liquid is removed through a deformable narrow opening in the bottom of the device, and, subsequently, the gel block is extruded through the deformable narrow opening, by a physical force, such as centrifugal force, a vacuum or positive pressure from a gas or liquid, etc., resulting in fragmentation of the gel block into a series of particles of similar size. The fragmentation of the gel results from shear forces exerted onto the gel block traveling through the deformable narrow opening in the device.

Abstract: An apparatus, system, and method are disclosed for condensing, separating and storing recyclable materials. The apparatus, in one embodiment, selects a type of recyclable material, alters the recyclable material to a condensed form and stores the recyclable material in a designated receptacle. The apparatus may include an enclosure with one or more openings to receive an item made from a recyclable material, a selection module, a plurality of form altering modules, a plurality of receptacles, and a director module to automatically direct a recyclable material, responsive to a selection made with the selection module, to one of a plurality of receptacles according to the type of material selected. A system, in one embodiment, includes a recycling appliance and one or more modular form altering devices. The modular form altering devices may be interchangeable.

Abstract: The present invention provides a control method for superfine powder grinding industrial waste slag in an energy-saving and environmental-friendly type of closed cycle with high yield and the apparatus for the same. The method combines a drying process and a powder grinding process, adopts an in-line monitoring process, automatically adjusts and controls the operating parameters. Therefore, the invention changes the conventional open cycle into a closed cycle, shortens the cycle, achieves the automatic control and adjustment of the operating parameters, and obtains the superfine product with high yield. So the invention enhances the application value of industrial waste slag, extends the applicable field of industrial waste slag, and increases the extra value of final product.

Abstract: A tension adjustment gauge system and method for a ball and ring coal pulverizer is provided that includes a housing, a stationary top grinding ring within the housing, a rotating lower grinding ring within the housing, a plurality of grinding balls between the top grinding ring and the lower grinding ring, an adjustable loading system for applying a compressive force exerted on the top grinding ring and grinding balls against the lower grinding ring. The adjustable loading system includes a single hydraulic assembly mounted on the upper portion of the housing, a gauge mounted to the hydraulic assembly for determining linear movement of a piston of the hydraulic assembly, a plurality of threaded rods mounted to the upper portion of the housing capable of being manually adjusted. The movement of the piston corresponds to an equal distance of movement of a spring gap between an upper and lower portion of the compression spring, such that the gauge indicates the change in the spring gap by moving the piston.

Abstract: The present invention is a truck for paper shredding including means to lift containers of paper, dump them into a shredder. The shreds fall into a hopper from where a ram then compresses and moves the shreds to a storage unit, This compression allows the unit to process significantly more paper shreds before being required to drive to a dumping location.

Abstract: The invention provides a food grater assembly comprising a base; an external cylindrical portion removably attached to the base; a grater disc disposed within and removably attached to the lower end of the outer cylindrical portion; an inner divider having a cross wall dividing the inner space of the inner cylindrical portion in two equal portions; said divider being able to rotate freely within the external cylindrical portion; a plunger disposed within the divider, said plunger having a plurality of annular ridges disposed along a portion of its length; said plunger portion having a closed bottom wall and a slot defined axially and longitudinally along a portion of is length; a pair of engaging strips flexibly attached to and disposed in the wall of the external cylinder, each of said engaging strips having horizontal ridges along a portion of the inner surface thereof for engaging and disengaging the horizontal ridges of the plunger; and a cap disposed on the upper end of the inner plunger portion.

Abstract: A secured method and pressing means for rendering data stored on a plurality of data storage devices unrecoverable. The method begins in a secure room where a mobile, relocatable hydraulic pressing means including at least one beveled bar is used for holding and crushing the plurality of data storage devices simultaneously. An activation device is connected to the mobile relocatable hydraulic pressing means enabling a user to send a signal to commence the destruction of the data storage devices to form debris. The debris is packed into storage containers and transported in a secure transport device to a location for secure storage or final disposition.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for recycling of synthetic material containing waste. In the process initially in a first step the synthetic material containing waste is crushed to a particle diameter ?100 mm and then admixed as aggregate in a soil material, in particular in a silt containing soil for the earthworks. The portion of the synthetic material containing waste admixed in the second step is preferably 15 percent by volume to 70 percent by volume. The resulting soil material is in many aspects excellently suited for the earthworks and in particular, for the recultivation or the protection of problematic landfill areas.

Abstract: A replaceable distributor plate is adapted for protecting a lower horizontal disc of a rotor of a vertical shaft impact crusher. The replaceable distributor plate includes at least two separate pieces. The separate pieces are separated from each other along separating lines, as seen from above, each of which separating lines extend substantially from the center of the distributor plate to the periphery thereof.

Abstract: The subject matter herein relates to coal mills and, more particularly, inferential pulverized fuel flow sensing and manipulation within a coal mill. Various embodiments provide systems, methods, and software to manipulate a primary air flow rate and a coal feed rate into a coal mill to produce a target pulverized fuel flow. Some embodiments include sensing a differential pressure between two or more locations within a coal mill to estimate a recirculated load of coal at one or more stages within the coal mill.

Abstract: Processing food items in a blender by operating the cutter assembly at a predetermined operating speed, reducing the operating speed of the cutter assembly t, and accelerating the operating speed of the cutter assembly in response to the items in the container having settled around the cutter assembly until the food items are suspended above the cutter assembly.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for preparing micron-sized ginseng powder via mechanical grinding, the method comprising the steps of: grinding ginseng roots crudely in order to facilitate micro-pulverization of ginseng, grinding the crude ginseng powder finely, and further grinding the ginseng powder ultra-finely. The ginseng micropowder obtained from the method has a maximum particle diameter of 40 ?m or less, an average particle diameter of less than 8 ?m and a uniform particle size, and thus shows excellent dispersibility, miscibility and absorptiveness. Therefore, the micropowder can be used for manufacturing various health-aid foods or medicines such as drinks, tablets or capsules and cosmetic products such as functional skin care agents or skin packs.

Abstract: In various embodiments, an agricultural sample grinding system is provided. The system includes a grinder unit for grinding and uniformly mixing an agricultural sample. The system additionally includes a collection chamber connected to a transfer spout extending from a side of the grinder unit. The collection chamber is for collecting the ground and uniformly mixed agricultural sample dispensed from the grinder unit via the transfer spout. The system deposits the ground and uniformly mixed agricultural sample into the collection chamber such that the uniform mixture of the sample is maintained.

Abstract: A continuous granulating and drying apparatus comprises a granulator and a dryer. Measurement of product and process parameters is carried out by means of measurement units positioned at critical locations in the apparatus.

Abstract: A medical waste disposal device having a blade that rotates and chops medical waste into chips and other small particles. The blade includes at least one opening with at least one sharpened edge. The blade also has at least one raised portion adjacent to the sharpened edges. The blade cooperates with a cutting plate to chop or scissor the medical waste. The raised portion pushes chopped medical waste away from the blade and the cutting plate.

Abstract: A process is claimed for synthesizing compounds, in which solids are reacted with one or more gases, in which the solids are ground above atmospheric pressure in the presence of the gas. To perform the process, preference is given to using a mill with a grinding space (1) which accommodates the material being ground (10), and in which the grinding space (1) can be sealed in a pressure-tight manner even against high internal pressures (P1).

Abstract: Cotton waste is transferred to a heated reactor and mixed with a pigment in the presence of steam. Cotton waste is converted to mulch by a plurality of rotating mixing elements disposed in the reactor and which mix, cut and/or chop the cotton waste therein. In particular, the reactor includes a cylindrical wall section and a longitudinal drive shaft extending through the reactor. A series of radial arms extend from the drive shaft. Mounted on the terminal ends of the radial arms is a first set of mixing elements. As the drive shaft is driven, these mixing elements move adjacent the inner surface of the cylindrical wall section. Further, there is provided a second set of mixing elements disposed adjacent the inner face of the cylindrical wall section. These rotary mixing elements are secured to a shaft that extends through the cylindrical wall section at an angle to the longitudinal drive shaft.

Abstract: An apparatus 10 for compacting and baling leaves, grass clippings, sticks, pine straw and other debris on lawns, yards, or fields is provided. The apparatus 10 may have diagonal brushes 26 to gather debris for processing though a crusher 28, a conveyor belt 30 to transport the crushed debris, and a baler 32 to compact and bale the debris. The baler 32 may compact the debris by rotating the debris in a continuous band 52, into which baling material 72 may be inserted to bale the debris. Alternatively, the debris may be gathered and feed into a crusher 28 that deposits the crushed debris directly into the baler 32 for compacting and baling. Further still, the apparatus 10 may gather the debris with brushes 26 and feed it onto a conveyor mechanism 30 that then introduces it into a crusher 28. The crushed debris may then be feed into a baling mechanism 32 that compacts and bales the debris for easy removal and disposal.