Abstract: A method and mechanical device for recycling thermoplastic scrap that collects the hot excess waste material that is trimmed off the edges of phonograph records immediately after they are pressed in a hydraulic record press. There is provided a tapered vertical shaft, widening at the bottom, which is secured to the base of a grinder. After a phonograph record is pressed flat, the hot excess thermoplastic scrap which extrudes from the edges is trimmed and allowed to drop into the upper opening of the shaft in the form of thirty inch strips. A motor or other means for blowing cold air is attached to an opening in the side of the shaft. The falling hot thermoplastic scrap is allowed to fall onto a horizontal platform surface located approximately twenty inches below the top of the shaft, where it is held and cooled by the blower for approximately twenty-six seconds, corresponding with the time it takes to press a record flat and trim the flash.

Abstract: A mixer-granulator drier comprises a mixer-granulator having main and auxiliary mixing-granulating blades mounted in a vessel forming the main body so that both the blades are revolved to accomplish mixing and granulation of powders as desired. The bottom plate of the vessel is formed with a number of slots, a valve mechanism for opening and closing the slots are located adjacent the slots, and a drying-air supply device is provided for supplying the vessel with drying air through the slots. This combination apparatus performs mixing, granulation, and drying of various drugs, foods, chemicals, etc., in a single vessel automatically and continuously. The apparatus is easy to disassemble for thorough cleaning and sterilization.

Abstract: A coffee making apparatus has a case, an electric motor, a grinder disposed on a driving shaft of the motor so as to rotate vertically along an interior surface of the case, means for providing hot water to the case, and means for extracting coffee. Coffee-beans are agitated and uniformly crushed by the grinder, so as to provide efficient coffee extraction.

Abstract: Used foundry sand is passed downward through a series of vertical, fluid sand beds. Hot air is forced upward in countercurrent fashion through the beds in turn so that a boiling action is achieved in the sand masses. The combination of thermal and abrasive action removes both organic resin and clay-bonded materials from the sand in one continuous operation.

Abstract: Apparatus for processing coal to prevent the creation of extreme fines and to extract pyrites from the principal coal fractions in which there are two air circulating circuits having processing components which cooperate in their respective circuits to result initially in substantial extraction of fines in the first circuit while releasing principal granulated coal fractions and pyrites to the second circuit where specific gravity separation of the pyrites and principal coal fractions occur. The apparatus includes a source of drying heat added to the air moving in the circuits and delivered at the places where surface moisture drying is most effective. Furthermore, the apparatus is operated so as to reduce coal to a desired size without creating an excessive volume of extreme fines, to separate pyrites and hard to grind components by specific gravity in a region where fines are not present, and to use the extreme fines as a source of fuel to generate drying heat.

Abstract: A system (10) particularly suited for reclaming used foundry sand by means of thermal reclamation. The subject system (10) includes, arranged in cooperatively associated series relation, thermal reclaimer means (14), post reclaimer means (15), primary cooling means (16), separator means (18), classifying and dust removal means (19), scrubber means (20) and secondary cooling means (22). The used sand, which preferably is first fed through a lump-crusher, shake-out apparatus (12), is made to pass through thermal reclaimer means (14) while being heated to a predetermined temperature for a preestablished period of time in order to accomplish the burning away of the organic materials, i.e., matter, which are present in the used sand. From the thermal reclaimer means (14), the used sand passes to and through the post reclaimer means 15 for further reclaiming and then to and through the primary cooling means (16) wherein the heated sand is cooled to a suitable temperature.

Abstract: A cementitious product is produced from a combination of two groups of materials: the first group consisting of lime of Portland cement or Linfan (which is defined as a thermally cracked shell of calcium sulfate surrounding a core of lime) or Linvein (a lime particle coated with cracked calcium carbonate); and a second material consisting of thermally cracked fly ash which is cracked by thermally quenching such finely divided particulate material from an elevated temperature at least above 300.degree. C. and preferably higher than 450.degree. C. to ambient or below ambient temperatures.The two materials are blended together. They are mixed with water, placed in a form, and then allowed to cure. Filler materials can also be used in the form of sand, gravel, and other aggregates, depending upon the strength and compositional characteristics desired in the final product.

Abstract: In an apparatus for treating liquid dross wherein the dross is situated in a skimming trough and charged into a rotating, substantially horizontal cooling pipe through which it passes so that the dross is cooled to a temperature below the melting point thereof to obtain a granulated form, the dross is charged from the skimming tank into the cooling pipe and passed therethrough substantially in the absence of air or oxygen whereupon the cooled granulated dross is subjected to an autogenous grinding process, the ground dross then being separated into a granulated metal fraction and a fine-grained fraction. According to the apparatus of the invention, a hood is located over the inlet side of the cooling pipe so that the entrance of air into the pipe is substantially prevented. The skimming trough is sealingly engaged to the hood so that the dross is charged from the skimming trough into the cooling pipe without any substantial contact with the air.

Abstract: A method and apparatus are disclosed for treating a grain by crushing under controlled conditions of humidity, temperature, and quality of impact. The process is particularly adapted for making instant tortilla flour (masa harina) from a mixture of corn and lime and can be conducted continuously. In a preferred embodiment, grain with added lime is fed in a grinding chamber and ground therein to a fine powder by action of breaker bars which crush the grain against breaker plates mounted along the circumference of a grinding chamber cage. During grinding the grain product are subjected to a steam atmosphere generated from the grain moisture content, frictional heat and applied heat. The steam atmosphere is maintained by blocking the ingress of air while feeding in grain and extracting flour, and a cooked dry flour product is obtained.

Abstract: A method of improving the utilization of the heat energy produced in a wood grinding process when wood is ground in a grinding space (3) under a pressure exceeding atmospheric pressure, and warm shower water (G) is sprayed into the grinding space. Steam (H) is separated from the groundwood pulp (A) discharged from the grinding space in a steam separator wherein the groundwood pulp is allowed to expand from its inlet pressure to atmospheric pressure in at least two steam separators (11,14) by releasing steam from the groundwood pump in each steam separator by decreasing the pulp pressure. The amount of steam (H1,H2) released in the separate steam separators is adjusted according to the proportions in which steam is needed for utilizations purposes. Thus the heat energy of the pressure grinding process can be recovered in separate steam fractions the amount and pressure of which correspond to the requirements of the utilization purposes.

Abstract: In an insulated mixing and cooling chamber having a feed auger to deliver cooled particles to a grinder and an intromitter auger rotatable around the feed auger to mix the particles within the chamber, independent variable speed, reversible motors operate the intromitter and feed augers, whereby the relative rotation of the augers may be precisely adjusted even while the mixing apparatus and associated grinding apparatus are operating. Electronic and or pneumatic control of cryogenic liquid inflow, as well as electronic control of the auger drive motors, may be used to optimize cooling and mixing conditions.

Abstract: Spilled liquid hydrocarbon products ranging from crude oil to refined fractions and discrete compounds are converted from a liquid to a gel or to a semi-solid or solid state by contacting a liquid petroleum product with a slurry of cryogenically comminuted polymer particles in a liquified refrigerant gas. The technique is particularly appropriate for control of oil spills in a water environment wherein the oil is either floating on or dispersed in water. Contact of the polymer particles with liquid hydrocarbons results in virtually instantaneous solvation of the polymer in the hydrocarbon to produce a cohesive gel or a semi-solid to solid material at a polymer concentration ranging generally from about 0.2% to 1% for gel formation and from about 1% to 30% for formation of a semi-solid to solid material based on hydrocarbon weight.

Abstract: An apparatus is disclosed wherein a highly viscous, heat-sensitive material such as concentrated whole milk or concentrated fruit juice is supplied onto a plural-stage belt conveyor stretched within a vacuum chamber and is dried and solidified by means of a heating member while moving along the belt conveyor. The resulting dried material is received by a fixed cutter provided within a casing disposed at the turning point where the belt conveyor is to turn to the return stroke side. This dried material is then crushed by a crushing device equipped with said fixed cutter and a rotary cutter cooperating therewith, and the thus crushed material is let fall within the casing and discharged to the outside of the vacuum chamber by means of a discharging device equipped with a screw wing installed in the lower part of the casing.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method of and apparatus for dry grinding a granular material in a grinding tube mill (1) having a final grinding compartment (2) and one or more preceding grinding compartments (3) containing grinding bodies. The material, after having passed through the preceding compartment or compartments (3), is discharged through openings (6) in the mill (1) and is divided into a fine and a coarse fraction in a separator (9). The coarse fraction is returned to the preceding compartment or compartments (3), and the fine fraction is fed to the final compartment (2). The ground material is discharged by flowing over a dam ring (12) from the final compartment (2). Any grinding bodies carried with the overflow are separated by a sieving diaphragm (13) from the material and returned to the final compartment (2). The invention also relates to the granular material ground according to the method of the invention.

Abstract: A device for the comminution or other treatment of bulk material comprises one or more modular units of prismatic, preferably cubic, shape with two intersecting throughgoing bores, one of them being circular and the other square in cross-section. A rotary shaft carrying one or more tools extends axially in the circularly sectioned bore of at least one module and is driven by a motor fastened to a face thereof; the square-sectioned bore forms an inlet and an outlet for the goods to be treated. At least the apertured sides of each module have passages facilitating its connection to an adjoining module or to a cover; other attachments on the solid sides of the unit may be provided with channels for the circulation of a cooling fluid.

Abstract: A novel apparatus and process for producing slurry, the apparatus including a mill having an integral heating means, a solid feed means for feeding a lumpy solid into the mill, a liquid feed means for feeding a first liquid into the mill, and a liquid removal means for selectively removing a second liquid contained within the lumpy solid and having a boiling point different from that of the first liquid; the second liquid is evaporated by heating during the crushing of the lumpy solid when mixed with the first liquid within said mill, the mill having means for mixing and stirring the liquid/solid mixture to produce a slurry.The process including steps for heating and crushing a first liquid/solid mixture and simultaneously removing a second liquid contained within the solid.

Abstract: A continuous mixing device is disclosed, as well as a process for mixing. At least two different materials can be mixed together with substantially uniform product mixing and heat distribution by introducing the materials into the top of a substantially cylindrical, vertical mixing device. A shaft which enters the vessel through the base extends coaxially therein, and carries a number of mixing blades thereon. The upper end of the shaft is surrounded by the lower end of the product feed line. Product introduced into the device is passed downward in the vessel, with product mixing near the center of the vessel, and then moves in an upward direction near the vessel periphery. Upon reaching the top of the vessel, the mixed product encounters a deflector, which splits the mixed product into two portions, one of which is discharged as finished mixed product, and the other portion of which is fed back to a funnel which surrounds the lower end of the product feed line.

Abstract: Microfiches to be destroyed by heat treatment are placed within a disposable tube fitted with a sealing plug, then baked to a sufficient temperature to cause melting and discarded. The apparatus comprises an electric heating resistor and a tubular heating jacket for receiving the disposable tube, the sealing plug being forcibly engaged in the tube by means of a cap which is screwed down by hand. All negative sheets and documents having a photosensitive surface such as microfiches are destroyed economically without any contaminating waste products.

Abstract: This invention provides a technique for extremely rapid dissolution, or dispersion on essentially the molecular level, of certain polymeric materials in compatible liquid vehicles. The polymeric materials are comminuted at cryogenic temperatures and are then introduced into a liquid vehicle preferably while still at or near cryogenic temperature. At low concentrations, the resulting blend or system displays reduced friction to flow while high concentrations may be used to immobilize the liquid vehicle and/or reduce its vapor pressure.

Abstract: The mixing apparatus has a crushing chamber which can be continuously charged with material and a circulating chamber being in communication with the crushing chamber by way of a port. The port can be shut. The continuously charged material can be pre-condensed in the crushing chamber and be condensed and cooled in the circulating chamber. In this case the port is shut during the cooling process. Also, complete condensation can take place in the crushing chamber with the port being shut. In that case, the material is fed batch-wise into the circulating chamber for cooling.

Abstract: An agitator mill for treating a liquid containing material particles for example for dispersing paint pigment in a mixture of solvent and binder basically comprises a milling vessel containing freely movable milling bodies and with an inlet and outlet for said liquid, stirrer mechanism within the milling vessel and an electric stirrer motor for driving the stirrer mechanism. The mill features, for the purpose of obtaining optimum operating efficiency, a control circuit which regulates the stirrer motor current to a constant value by adjustment of a pump supplying the liquid to the milling vessel and/or a volume controller for controlling the volume of milling bodies within the milling vessel or the volume of the milling vessel and a temperature control circuit which controls the operating temperature in the milling vessel to lie at a constant value. Various variants and control possibilities including the use of a computer are set forth together with methods of controlling the agitator mill.

Abstract: A multiple tube holder is suspended at the upper end on a frame so that the lower end can pivot through a small arc about a horizontal axis adjacent the upper end of the holder. A motor is connected to the lower end of the holder for pivoting the lower end of the holder through said small arc at a rate of approximately 1800 cycles per minute. A tray means is positioned below the holder for supporting a cooling liquid at a controlled temperature so that the lower end of the tubes on the holder will be immersed in the liquid to prevent destruction of proteins and enzymes released during cell breakage.

Abstract: A machine for grinding nuts, more particularly peanuts and for making pure peanut butter. A hopper is provided for the peanuts. The peanuts are delivered to grinding discs, one of which is rotated. The peanuts are delivered through a tubular passageway having in it a member with a helical rib for forcibly delivering the peanuts to the grinding means. The ground material, namely, the peanut butter, after passing the grinding means is delivered into a removable cup. Heat is applied automatically to provide temperature for proper operation of the machine. Preferably, the machine is automatic and is coin operated.

Abstract: The production rate of a conventional cryogenic grinding system incorporating an impact mill may be increased by (a) providing means to allow at least 70% of the embrittled material entering the mill to leave the mill before it passes the inlet; and (b) providing means to restrict the flow of the cold gas through the impact mill.The product leaving the impact mill is screened and any oversize is preferably recycled to the impact mill.

Abstract: A novel apparatus and process for producing slurry, the apparatus including a mill having an integral heating means, a solid feed means for feeding a lumpy solid into the mill, a liquid feed means for feeding a first liquid into the mill, and a liquid removal means for selectively removing a second liquid contained within the lumpy solid and having a boiling point different from that of the first liquid; the second liquid is evaporated by heating during the crushing of the lumpy solid when mixed with the first liquid within said mill, the mill having means for mixing and stirring the liquid/solid mixture to produce a slurry. The process including steps for heating and crushing a first liquid/solid mixture and simultaneously removing a second liquid contained within the solid.

Abstract: Metal scrap cuttings are prepared for use in making sintered pieces. The cuttings are physically and chemically cleaned, ground in an inert atmosphere, heat treated in a reducing atmosphere, and sorted according to particle size in an inert atmosphere. Movement of the cuttings into the various treatments is performed by vibratory conveyors located in enclosures sealed from the atmosphere.

Abstract: Hydrogenation of coal is improved through the use of a mechanical force to reduce the size of the particulate coal simultaneously with the introduction of gaseous hydrogen, or other hydrogen donor composition. Such hydrogen in the presence of elemental tin during this one-step size reduction-hydrogenation further improves the yield of the liquid hydrocarbon product.

Abstract: Hot-mix asphaltic concrete is fed from a supply hopper, located off-center above one end of a coolant tank containing a coolant bath, on to a rotating vaned projecting drum. Sheets of asphaltic concrete, the thickness of which are controlled by the clearance between the shearing edge of the supply hopper and the vaned projecting drum, are formed and projected above the coolant bath toward the opposite side of the coolant tank against a dispersing drum rotating in a direction opposite to that of the vaned projecting drum about an axis of rotation substantially parallel to that of the projecting drum. The sheets of asphaltic concrete are broken into particles and deflected through the coolant bath towards an endless conveyer. The particles, which are collected by the endless conveyer, are further cooled by the coolant bath as they are conveyed to the opposite end of the coolant tank and discharged.

Abstract: A continuous process of preparing low fat stabilized bone particularly suited for producing high quality gelatin from trimmed raw bone which is preferably crushed in a pre-hogger and fed continuously to preferably a screw type press mounted within a cage having a choke and perforations in the wall of the cage through which soft non-bone material is extruded. The pressed bone which is recovered separately from the soft non-bone material has a substantially reduced content of fat and meat tissue without heating while in contact with liquid fat. The pressed bone is heated in an oven dryer to a temperature up to 250.degree. F. (121.degree. C.) which crisps the fat and meat tissue adhering to the pieces of bone so that the crisp fat and meat tissue is readily separated from the bone during the heating, tumbling and screening thereof.

Abstract: A control system for optimizing the flow of a cryogenic refrigerant into the precooler and mill of a cryopulverizing system including means responsive to a change in the discharge temperature in the mill for introducing refrigerant into the mill in direct proportion to such temperature change and means responsive to the change in discharge temperature in the mill for introducing refrigerant into the precooler at a linear rate proportional to the product of the material feed rate and the change in discharge temperature and inversely proportional to the residence time of the feed material in the precooler.

Abstract: A device for reconstituting used coffee grounds for re-use, including a cup for receiving the coffee grounds, means for heating the cup, means for stirring the coffee grounds within the cup, valve means disposed beneath the cup for controlling the flow of the coffee grounds out of the bottom of the cup, grinding means beneath the cup and valve means for receiving the coffee grounds and for grinding the coffee grounds, and a receptacle for receiving and storing the coffee grounds as the coffee grounds exit from the grinding means.

Abstract: Rubber is recovered for re-use e.g. from scrap pneumatic tires by briefly raising a surface of the tire to a high temperature and then rasping the heat-treated surface. Tires reinforced either with a textile or a steel ply can first be parted on opposite sides of the breaker structure. A machine is provided which accepts pieces of vulcanized material and progressively reduces them to heat-treated particles by repetitively heating a surface of each piece and attacking it with a rasping tool.

Abstract: The flow of preheated and ambient air to a processor, such as a coal pulverizer, are controlled in a manner whereby the preheated air flow will be varied as a function of pulverizer discharge temperature air while "cold" ambient air flow will be varied as a function of pulverizer inlet air mass flow rate. Flow error signals are caused to vary as a function of temperature error to enhance system response to temperature errors, and flow error will be caused to take precedence over temperature error should pulverizer inlet flow fall below a predetermined minimum.

Abstract: A system for the manufacture of animal feed from food waste wherein the food waste is ground, sterilized, and then dried in a drum dryer wherein an even and continuous drying process is effected by feed control and by zone regulating the temperature of the surface of the drums of the dryer.

Abstract: In a system for comminuting materials containing thermoplastics, the temperature in the comminuting chamber is monitored and a spray of cooling liquid is charged into the cutting chamber when the cutting chamber is at a temperature greater than the boiling temperature of the cooling liquid and less than the melting temperature for the thermoplastic being comminuted. By using heat of vaporization to extract heat from the cutting chamber, the likelihood of the plastic softening and/or melting and clogging the comminuting screen is substantially reduced. A higher throughput of materials is obtained because of material remaining harder. By vaporizing the liquid, the discharged comminuted material may be maintained very dry for later classifying. Preferably, the cooling liquid is discharged intermittently to keep the temperature of the comminuting chamber within predetermined upper and lower temperature limits.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the embrittlement of the integuments of small seeds wherein the seeds are cooled by thermal shock in a fluidized bed; cooling is provided by direct injection of a cryogenic fluid flash evaporated in the fluidized bed, forming the fluidization gas in the gaseous state, and recovery of cold by countercurrent circulation of the seeds. The process applies to small oleaginous seeds to facilitate their decortication, and to treatment of impermeable leguminous seeds to favor their eventual germination.

Abstract: Vertical impact mill for production of very fine powders from larger nut-size pieces of coal, the mill including a series of horizontal impact wheels formed of wheel halves which connected together form an integral shaft-wheel system, the diameter of the impact wheels increasing from top to bottom of the mill, with an inlet at the top of the mill and successive chambers, each housing one impact wheel, and connected by connecting conduits offset from each other by 180.degree.. The mill is designed for use with an inert gas to entrain the powder through and from the mill.

Abstract: A cooled horizontal axle grinder for the predispersion of solids in liquids, of the type which incorporates a grinding chamber in which are present grinding bodies such as balls generally introduced by the treated product intake port and extracted by an outlet in the lower part of the chamber. The grinder is equipped with a circulating pump for the product to be treated, which product circulates in a continuous manner through the grinding chamber. The grinder axle carries interchangeable discs or agitator elements interspersed with spacers. The grinding chamber incorporates a slot or static sieve which retains the grinding bodies in the chamber while permitting passage only of the product. The grinding chamber jacket has a helical cooling passage therein which extends axially of the grinding chamber in surrounding relationship thereto.

Abstract: A plant for the cryogenic comminuting of materials which are resilient, th or difficult to comminute at room temperature, in particular rubber and plastic material, wherein the comminuting means, the charging hopper and the feeding means for the material to be comminuted are all contained within one and the same insulated enclosure, said enclosure being in communication with the outside only over calibrated adjustable openings defining a given outflow of gas, a cryogenic liquid is introduced in the comminuting means in a quantity that is variable according to the minimum optimal temperature required in the mill for any specific comminuting operation.

Abstract: Procedure for preparing hot groundwood from wood chips, wherein a chip stream is conducted into a pressurized steaming chamber, where the chips stay a few minutes and are heated to a temperature higher than 100.degree. C., and from the steaming chamber through a sluice feeder into a hot grinder of enclosed construction, i.e. the stage I grinder, when the pre-ground groundwood is conducted through a separating cyclone into a stage II grinder, the groundwood derived herefrom being conducted towards further treatment steps. The pre-ground groundwood is conducted from the steam separating cyclone through a sluice feeder into the stage II grinder. The stage II grinding is carried out in a hot grinder of enclosed construction.

Abstract: The mixing apparatus comprises a mixing container with vertical axis which mixing container comprises an interior space and an outer annular space, communicated with the interior space by an annular gap. Within the interior space, there is performed a size reduction of the material to be mixed into granulated material which enters the outer annular space through the annular gap. The annular gap has comb-like openings so that only parts of small size are allowed to pass through.

Abstract: An apparatus that comprises (a) a fluid-tightly closeable materials-treating or reaction chamber with at least its body portion substantially completely enclosed by a temperature-control fluid chamber provided by its being surrounded by a temperature-control fluid jacket, (b) means to rotate the jacketed chamber end over end about an axis substantially normally transverse to its central axis, (c) divider-baffling means dividing its temperature-control fluid chamber into a plurality of, such as four, substantially similar and independent control-fluid compartments or quadrants, (d) temperature-control fluid ingress means which enable feeding temperature-control fluid into such quadrant while the reactor is rotating, (e) means in each compartment or quadrant to affect the flow of fluids through it to provide substantially uniform overall heat transfer from each of them; and (f) fluid egress means to enable discharging heat-control fluid from these compartments during the rotation.

Abstract: The invention provides finely divided vulcanized rubber having a particle size of generally less than 20 microns for re-use in the rubber industry. Vulcanizates produced from compositions containing the finely divided vulcanized rubber, either as the sole rubber component or in admixture with unvulcanized rubber, have properties significantly better than those of vulcanizates of similar compositions containing conventional reclaimed rubbers. Vulcanized rubber is converted into the finely divided rubber by the steps of (1) contacting vulcanized rubber with a fatty acid, (2) contacting the product of step (1) with a solid alkali and (3) forming a dispersion of the product of step (2) with a liquid which dissolves the alkali but does not affect the rubber. Alternatively, the finely divided vulcanized rubber results from the steps of (1) contacting the vulcanized rubber with a liquid effective to swell the rubber and thereby weaken it e.g.

Abstract: An apparatus intended for carrying out various mechanico-chemical processes for production of borohydrides and comprises an airtight shell with three compartments. The top compartment serves as a material charging chamber, whereas the middle compartment accommodates grinding solids and a vibrator rod which passes through the charging chamber and is mechanically disengaged from the shell of the apparatus, the chamber with grinding solids being suspended on the vibrator rod. The bottom compartment serves for discharge of the disintegrated products therefrom. During operation of the apparatus, reciprocating motion is imparted to the vibrator rod along and around its own axis. This results in the grinding-solid chamber being set in motion so that the material fed from the charging chamber is vigorously disintegrated.

Abstract: An article is subjected to a treatment which causes one part thereof to become substantially more brittle than the remainder thereof. One manner of accomplishing this is to cool the article to low temperatures. Either during or subsequent to this treatment the article is subjected to an action which effects separation of the embrittled part from the remainder of the article. This may be achieved by impacting the article, by exposing the article to ultrasonic waves or, in the event that the embrittled part or the remainder of the article is composed of a ferrous substance, by exposing the article to a pulsating magnetic field. A preferred application is to composites consisting of a metal and a synthetic resin where cooling of the article embrittles the synthetic resin. One form of an arrangement for carrying out the method includes a hollow, rotatable cylinder having impacting masses such as steel balls accommodated therein.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for separating plastic liners from metal closures is disclosed which includes a liquid nitrogen precooler for chilling closures with liners therein, a hammermill for impacting the chilled closures to liberate the liners from the closures, a tumble barrel for separating large pieces of closures from the plastic liners and the small pieces of closures, and a high-tension electrical separator for separating the small pieces of closures from the plastic liners.

Abstract: This invention relates to filled or charged tetrafluorethylene polymers and copolymers useful as molding or extrusion materials and to their use for the production of various products by lubrication extrusion. The filler and polymer or copolymer are mixed by grinding them together at a temperature of about -80.degree. to about +15.degree.C.

Abstract: Method and apparatus for separating metallic conductor wire from its insulation for reclamation of the metal and secondarily the insulation material. Random-size, non-uniform masses and pieces of the insulated wire are conveyed to an entrance end of a shaftless rotatable drum having helically deployed baffles along the inner surface thereof. The masses and pieces introduced to the drum initially and continuously are exposed therein to cryogenic coolant to freeze the same and render them brittle. The baffles continuously turn the frozen masses and pieces to ensure that all surfaces and areas thereof are exposed to the coolant for thorough freezing. Simultaneously, the action of the baffles and drum move the masses and pieces from the entrance end to an exit end of the drum. The super-cooled brittle masses and pieces are delivered from the exit end to a grinding apparatus where the same are reduced to particles of metal and insulation material.

Abstract: Glass is recovered for use as cullet from mixtures of broken glass with pieces of metal and other heat resistant materials by a method wherein the mixture is thermally shocked by subjecting it to a rapid increase or decrease in temperature to induce cracks in and/or break-up of the glass particles, while the nonglass particles remain unchanged because of their nature, and the mixture is mechanically treated, by agitating or the like, so that the glass particles are broken up by further propagation of the induced cracks. Prior to the mechanical treatment, and preferably prior to the thermal shock treatment, the mixture is screened or otherwise treated to eliminate fines of all kinds. After the mechanical treatment, the mixture is further screened so that the glass particles, which have been reduced in size, can be recovered as the undersized fraction, while the nonglass particles, which have remained generally the same size, are retained on the screen. A number of modifications are disclosed.

Abstract: The invention relates to the production of a wholly mechanical pulp of improved strength properties. The lignocellulosic material is fed into a substantially closed chamber where it is mechanically abraded under a power input of fifteen or more horsepower days per ton. During the abrading step, the material is maintained in an inert gaseous atmosphere of a pressure of ten to eighty psig, preferably twenty to forty psig.