Abstract: A method and apparatus for three dimensional fluorescent analysis of a target in a liquid sample having fluorescent analyte as a target substance or fluorescent label on the target substance. A rotating carousel carries liquid samples beneath a beam having a beam spot at a horizontal plane of the sample. The carousel advances slowly a linear direction during rotation so that a pattern of overlapping spiral scans provide R-theta two-dimensional samples of the entire plane to identify locations of volumes of interest where fluorescence is measurably higher than background. These locations are probed in the depthwise direction to find locations of fluorescent analyte in three dimensions. Light from the analyte or fluorescent label is detected and processed to characterize the target by color, size or other morphology.

Abstract: A silicon-based photonic crystal includes a silicon substrate, a first dielectric with a grating structure formed therein, and a second dielectric with a higher index of refraction that covers at least a portion of the grating structure. The first dielectric can be formed on the silicon substrate, or a Fabry-Perot optical cavity can be formed between the silicon substrate and the first dielectric. An instrument can excite a fluorophore coupled to the photonic crystal by focusing collimated incident light that includes the fluorophore's excitation wavelength to a focal line on the surface of the photonic crystal such that the focal line is substantially parallel to the grating direction and can detect fluorescence radiation emitted by the fluorophore in response to the incident light. To provide for fluorescence enhancement, the excitation wavelength and/or emission wavelength of the fluorophore can couple to an optical resonance of the photonic crystal.

Abstract: A chip-scale optical approach to performing multi-target detection is based on molecular biosensing using fiber-optic based fluorescence or light scattering detection in liquid-core waveguides. Multiplexing methods are capable of registering individual nucleic acids and other optically responsive particles, and are ideal for amplification-free detection in combination with the single molecule sensitivity of optofluidic chips. This approach overcomes a critical barrier to introducing a new integrated technology for amplification-free molecular diagnostic detection. Specific examples of liquid-core optical waveguides and multi-mode interferometers are described; however, they can be implemented in a number of different ways as long as a series of excitation spots is created whose spacing varies with the excitation wavelength.

Abstract: A system for imaging objects within a sample includes an image sensor and a sample holder configured to hold the sample, the sample holder disposed adjacent to the image sensor. The system further includes an illumination source configured to scan in two or three dimensions relative to the sensor array and illuminate the sample at a plurality of different locations. The illumination source may include, by way of example, LEDs, laser diodes, or even a screen or display from a portable electronic device. The system includes least one processor configured to reconstruct an image of the sample based on the images obtained from illumination source at the plurality of different scan positions.

Abstract: The device (50) comprises an optics member (60) and a spacer member (70), said optics member comprising N?2 sets of passive optical components (65) comprising one or more passive optical components each. The spacer member (70) comprises N light channels (77), each of said N light channels being associated with one of said N sets of passive optical components. All of said N light channels (77) have an at least substantially identical geometrical length (g), and an optical path length of a first of said N light channels is different from an optical path length of at least one second of said N light channels. Methods for manufacturing such devices are described, too. The invention can allow to mass produce high-precision devices (50) at a high yield.

Abstract: The present invention reveals a distance sensor comprising: a signal receiving unit, an electromagnetic wave transmitting unit, and a magnetic signal transmitting unit; wherein the signal transmitting unit is adapted to transmit to the signal receiving unit a sensed distance between the signal receiving unit and the magnetic signal transmitting unit, wherein the magnetic signal transmitting unit further comprises an electromagnetic wave receiving unit and an electromagnetic wave-to-electric power converter, and wherein the electromagnetic wave receiving unit receives electromagnetic waves transmitted from the electromagnetic wave transmitting unit to operate the magnetic signal transmitting unit.

Abstract: [Object] To provide a chemical sensor, a chemical sensor module, a chemical detection apparatus, and a chemical detection method that are capable of detecting chemicals with high accuracy and high sensitivity. [Solving Means] A chemical sensor according to an embodiment of the present technology includes a substrate, a low refractive index layer, a high refractive index layer, and a light detection unit. The low refractive index layer is laminated on the substrate and has a second refractive index smaller than a first refractive index that is a refractive index of a detection target object. The high refractive index layer is laminated on the low refractive index layer, has a third refractive index larger than the first refractive index, and includes a holding surface on which the detection target object is held, and illumination light propagates therein.

Abstract: A light sensing device for a vehicle. A housing defines a light sensor cavity and a lens cover. A light sensor is positioned in the light sensor cavity and is surrounded by a gasket assembly. A manifold is configured to receive and store a fluid. A first fluid dispensing assembly extends from the manifold through the gasket assembly. The first fluid dispensing assembly is juxtapositioned above the lens cover and is configured to trickle the fluid downwardly over the manifold at a predetermined flow rate. A second fluid dispensing assembly extends from the manifold through the gasket assembly. The second fluid dispensing assembly is juxtapositioned laterally adjacent to the lens cover and is configured to expel fluid that blows across the lens cover as the vehicle moves.

Abstract: A light guide module is applied in an optical touch module. A focusing component of the light guide module focuses the light emitted from a light guide component of the light guide module, so that all the light emitted from the light guide component can be convergently distributed in a touch area of the optical touch module. In this way, the light provided by a lighting component of the optical touch module can be effectively utilized, and the signal to noise ratio of the received signal of a sensor of the optical touch module increases. Therefore, the optical touch module can determines the location of the finger or the contacting object more correctly.

Abstract: An optical communication module has a conversion element, a bendable conductive plate, a first resin cast body, a second resin cast body, and a lens part. The conversion element converts an optical signal to an electrical signal or an electrical signal to an optical signal. The conductive plate has the conversion element mounted thereto. The first resin cast body is cast with a first portion of the conductive plate embedded therein. The second resin cast body is cast with a second portion of the conductive plate embedded therein. The lens part is provided on the second resin cast body. The conversion element is mounted to the first portion of the conductive plate. The first resin cast body and the second resin cast body are fixed with the conductive plate bent such that the conversion element faces the lens part.

Abstract: An optoelectronic module includes a beam transmitter, which emits at least one beam of light along a beam axis, and a receiver, which senses the light received by the module along a collection axis of the receiver, which is parallel to the beam axis within the module. Beam-combining optics direct the beam and the received light so that the beam axis is aligned with the collection axis outside the module. The beam-combining optics include multiple faces, including at least a first face configured for internal reflection and a second face comprising a beamsplitter, which is intercepted by both the beam axis and the collection axis.

Abstract: A photomultiplier tube includes a semiconductor photocathode and a photodiode. Notably, the photodiode includes a p-doped semiconductor layer, an n-doped semiconductor layer formed on a first surface of the p-doped semiconductor layer to form a diode, and a pure boron layer formed on a second surface of the p-doped semiconductor layer. A gap between the semiconductor photocathode and the photodiode may be less than about 1 mm or less than about 500 ?m. The semiconductor photocathode may include gallium nitride, e.g. one or more p-doped gallium nitride layers. In other embodiments, the semiconductor photocathode may include silicon. This semiconductor photocathode can further include a pure boron coating on at least one surface.

Abstract: An irradiance measuring instrument for a microscope is intended to measure irradiance of light emitted from an objective of the microscope. The irradiance measuring instrument for a microscope includes, in an order where the light emitted from the objective proceeds, an optical system including a single lens that has a nearly flat surface oriented toward the side of the objective and also has positive power, and a photodetector configured to detect the light in order to measure the irradiance of the light on the nearly flat surface.

Abstract: The invention relates to a security element for a security and/or valuable document, comprising a matrix based on an organic polymeric material, at least one electrically conductive pigment dispersed in the matrix, and at least one organic luminescent substance dispersed in the matrix, which luminescent substance is capable, in the presence of the conductive pigment, of non-contact excitation of light emission, and the particle size of which is less than 200 nm, wherein the luminescent substance is not encapsulated, and is directly surrounded by the matrix and is embedded therein, and to uses of such a security and/or valuable document and to security and/or valuable documents produced by such uses.

Abstract: A sensor substrate unit is formed by connecting edges of a plurality of sensor substrates in a longitudinal direction. Sensor chips at the edges are mounted beyond the edges. The edges include convex portions and convex portions for connecting the sensor substrates. Farthest tips of the sensor chips are positioned inside of farthest edges of the convex portions and inside of farthest edges of the convex portions in the longitudinal direction.

Abstract: An optical-electrical module includes a base board, a laser diode, an integrated circuit, and a lens unit. The laser diode and the integrated circuit are both fixed on the base board. The lens unit and the base board cooperatively define a receiving space to receive the laser diode and the integrated circuit. The laser diode has a transmitting window at an end of the laser diode away from the base board. The integrated circuit drives the laser diode to transmit optical signals. The lens unit has an inner surface facing the base board, and the inner surface of the lens unit has a light transmitting area. The lens unit includes a metal film formed on the inner surface of the lens unit except on the light transmitting area.

Abstract: A microscope has a light source for generating a light beam having a wavelength, ?, and beam-forming optics configured for receiving the light beam and generating a Bessel-like beam that is directed into a sample. The beam-forming optics include an excitation objective having an axis oriented in a first direction. Imaging optics are configured for receiving light from a position within the sample that is illuminated by the Bessel-like beam and for imaging the received light on a detector. The imaging optics include a detection objective having an axis oriented in a second direction that is non-parallel to the first direction.

Abstract: A gesture sensing device includes a single light source and a multiple segmented single photo sensor, or an array of photo sensors, collectively referred to herein as segmented photo sensors. A light modifying structure relays reflected light from the light source onto different segments of the segmented photo sensors. The light modifying structure can be an optical lens structure or a mechanical structure. The different segments of the photo sensor sense reflected light and output corresponding sensed voltage signals. A control circuit receives and processes the sensed voltage signals to determine target motion relative to the segmented photo sensor.

Abstract: On a predetermined mounting surface of a surface (22A) of a flexible wiring board (22), a flexible wiring board pressing plate (28) which presses the mounting surface against a lower cover (12) is provided at a position immediately below a first radiation block (24) and a pressing sheet (26). The flexible wiring board pressing plate (28) has five pairs of projections (28PA and 28PB) respectively arranged in lines. The projections (28PA and 28PB) are formed to intersect conductive patterns (22ACP) at predetermined intervals.

Abstract: An image sensor module is installed in a sensing device, and is used to detect a reflected light of an object. The image sensor module includes a carrier, a light sensing element, and a package body. The light sensing element is disposed on a substrate. The carrier is disposed on the substrate in the sensing device. The light sensing element is installed in the carrier, and is electrically connected with the substrate via multiple solder balls. The package body is installed on the carrier, and has a reflecting and diverting element, which is located between the light sensing element and the object and is used for reflecting reflected light of the object and diverting the reflected light towards a receiving direction of the light sensing element. The light sensing element receives the reflected light and generates a corresponding sensing signal.

Abstract: A lighting dome that can be used to inspect semiconductor wafers can include a small aperture, backlighting, a reflectance gradient and/or a broad spectrum light source.

Abstract: The present disclosure is directed to electromagnetic radiation sensors including micro-lenses and to methods of constructing and utilizing such electromagnetic radiation sensors. In one embodiment there is provided an electromagnetic radiation sensor comprising a dielectric substrate including a front surface and a rear surface, an electromagnetic radiation detector element disposed on the rear surface of the substrate, and a lens comprising a three dimensional polaritonic metamaterial structure including a pattern of features formed in the front surface of the substrate, the lens configured to focus electromagnetic radiation incident on the front surface of the substrate onto the electromagnetic radiation detector element.

Abstract: Apparatus and methods to enhance light intensity within useful red to near-infrared spectral ranges, using direct or indirect sunlight, or from other ambient white light, are described. The disclosed devices provide high quantum yield photoluminescent ambient light spectrum conversion to increase the supplied energy primarily in the 590 nm-850 nm spectral range. These devices also pass much of the incident light in the spectral range in which the device's photoluminescent materials emit light, thereby greatly increasing the effective intensity of light available in the targeted 590-850 nm wavelength range. The ambient light conversion devices of the disclosure may be incorporated in apparel, bandage-like patches, converting reflectors, large area converters, awnings, window covers, and other articles, materials, and products.

Abstract: A flow cytometer including a laser, indexing structure, adjustment structure, and sensor structure. The cytometer is conventionally used with a removable microfluidic cassette, which is installed at a first position that is enforced by the indexing structure. The adjustment structure changes a relative position between an interrogation aperture of the cassette and the laser beam. Feedback from the sensor structure is used to optimize propagation of the laser through the interrogation aperture to reduce (and hopefully eliminate) autofluorescence caused by beam impingement onto the cassette.

Abstract: An interference filter includes a first substrate on which a fixed reflection film is provided, a second substrate which faces the first substrate and on which a movable reflection film is provided, a first bonding film that bonds the first substrate and the second substrate to each other, and a sealer that is disposed between the first substrate and the second substrate in a first interspace that allows a first internal space sandwiched between the first substrate and the second substrate to communicate with a space outside the interference filter, the sealer sealing the first internal space, and an inter-substrate distance between the first substrate and the second substrate in the first interspace decreases in a direction from outer circumferential edges of the substrates toward an inner portion of the first interspace in a plan view viewed in a substrate thickness direction.

Abstract: A system for imaging captured cells comprising: an illumination module configured to illuminate a target object; a platform configured to position the target object in relation to the illumination module; a filter module configured to filter light transmitted to the target object and/or to filter light received from the target object, an optical sensor configured to receive light from the target object and to generate image data; and a focusing and optics module configured to manipulate light transmitted to the optical sensor. The system can further comprise one or more of: a control system configured to control at least one of the illumination module, the platform, the focusing and optics module, the filter module, and the optical sensor; a tag identifying system configured to identify and communicate tag information from system elements; a thermal control module configured to adjust temperature parameters of the system; and an image stabilization module.

Abstract: Reflective systems include a reflective element secured to an optical element. The reflective element is a switchable reflective layer that is switched by an alignment mechanism electrically coupled to a controller that sends data instructing the alignment mechanism that various light conditions exist.

Abstract: A photodiode includes a photosensitive area and a polarizing grating located in front of the photosensitive area. The polarizing grating is formed by a plurality of galvanically conducting filaments.

Abstract: A correlation confocal microscope uses correlated photon pairs to improve resolution. It employs a source of a light beam converging to a point location on a sample, and an objective that gathers light from the point location and generates an image beam. A modulator applies a spatial pattern of modulation to the source light beam to define spatially correlated photons whose spatial correlations are preserved in modulated light gathered from the sample. A filter applies a modulation-selective filter function to the image light beam to generate a filtered light beam of like-modulated photons. A coincidence detector detects temporally coincident photon pairs in the filtered light beam, generating a pulse output that indicates the magnitude of a light-detectable property (such as transmissivity or reflectivity) of the sample at the point location. The modulator may apply phase modulation and the filter may be a phase-sensitive component such as an interferometer.

Abstract: The invention relates to a passive mechanical athermalization device, comprising: a barrel (1) that is made of a first material having a first thermal expansion coefficient (11) and that has a longitudinal axis (AA), said barrel comprising at least one first portion (11) and at least one second portion (12), the device being characterized in that it comprises: at least three beams (7) made of the first material, each of the beams (7) circumferentially connecting the first portion (11) and the second portion (12) relative to the longitudinal axis (AA); at least three bars (8) made of a second material having a second thermal expansion coefficient (12) that is different from the first thermal expansion coefficient, circumferentially distributed around the barrel (1) relative to the longitudinal axis (AA), each bar (8) axially connecting the first portion (11) and the second portion (12) relative to the longitudinal axis (AA) such that the thermal expansion of the barrel (1) results in a deformation of the beams

Abstract: A member for light path to a photoelectric conversion portion includes a middle portion, and a peripheral portion having a refractive index different from the refractive index of the middle portion, and within some plane in parallel with the light receiving surface of a photoelectric conversion portion, and within other plane closer to the light receiving surface than the some plane in parallel with the light receiving surface, the peripheral portion is continuous with the middle portion and surrounds the middle portion, and also the refractive index of the peripheral portion is higher than the refractive index of an insulator film, and the thickness of the peripheral portion within the other plane is smaller than the thickness of the peripheral portion within the some plane.

Abstract: An optical position-measuring device includes a scanning bar extending in a first or second direction, and a scale extending in the other direction. The scale is offset by a scanning distance from the scanning bar in a third direction perpendicular to the first and second directions. The device has a light source whose light penetrates the scanning bar at an intersection point of the scanning bar and scale to fall on the scale and arrive back at the scanning bar. At a detector, the light is split by diffraction into different partial beams at optically effective structures of the scanning bar and scale and combined again. A periodic signal is obtained in the detector in response to: a shift between the scanning bar and scale in the first direction due to interference of combined partial beams, and a change in the scanning distance between the scanning bar and scale.

Abstract: An apparatus includes a first optical mode coupler having a spatial light modulator with a two-dimensional array of separately controllable optical phase modulators. The optical mode coupler is configurable to cause the spatial light modulator to couple a light source or light detector to an end-face of a multi-mode optical fiber via a plurality of light beams. Each of the light beams couples to a different one of optical modes in the multi-mode optical fiber.

Abstract: An optical apparatus for adjusting the position and aperture of a pinhole and a method using the same are provided. A light beam is provided. The light beam is focused on an object and reacts with the object to form a signal beam. The signal beam is focused and projected on a liquid-crystal switch. The projection position of the signal beam on the liquid-crystal switch is determined, and the transparence of the liquid-crystal switch at the projection position is adjusted to form a transparent area. The signal beam passes through the transparent area and reaches a light detecting unit to form a detecting signal. The aperture of the transparent area is adjusted according to the intensity of the detecting signal. The liquid-crystal switch is driven to move, so that the position of the transparent area in the moving direction of the signal beam is adjusted.

Abstract: A switch is disclosed. In some examples, a switch includes a generally cylindrical housing; one or more sets of contact points enclosed by the housing; an indicator module, such as a multi-color LED illuminator, also enclosed by the housing; and a pushbutton actuator disposed to operate the contact points. The housing includes a display section spanning substantially the entire circumference of the housing such that the indication made by the indicator module is visible from all radial directions. When the pushbutton actuator is pressed, some of the contact points open to cut off power from hazards, while others are reconfigured to change the state of the indicator module to indicate the changed status of the switch. Multiple switches can be interfaced with each other, such as by serial connection, to facilitate multi-switch safety environment. Modular cables can be used to conveniently establish the interface.

Abstract: A detection system for detecting a distance value between a light source and a group of optical films of a back light module includes a base, a luminance detection device, a transfer device, and a distance detection device. The base is configured for supporting the light source. The luminance detection device is configured for detecting a luminance value of the light emitted from the back light module. The transfer device is configured for driving the group of optical films to move relative to the light source. The distance detection device is configured for detecting the distance between the light source and the group of optical films when a luminance value detected by the luminance detection device is equal to or larger than a provided luminance. A detection method using the above detection system is also provided.

Abstract: In a method for testing a box blank formed from flat material, the said box blank is guided along a blade (12). At least one of the layers (10) is folded onto the blade (12), so that it is located between the layers (10, 14). A component (16) is located opposite the blade (12), which component is located outside the box blank (2). Waves (17, 21) which are affected by the layer (10) are propagated between the blade (12) and the component (16). In order to achieve a high contrast, the blade has at least one physical property which differs from the corresponding physical property of the box blank. (FIG.

Abstract: A reflection plate is integrally formed with a medium guide placed on a side opposite a side on which a reflective photosensor is placed with a conveying path of banknotes between. Light emitted from a light emitting portion of the reflective photosensor is reflected from the reflection plate at the time of the absence of the banknotes so as not to directly return to the reflective photosensor. This prevents the reflective photosensor from erroneously detecting the medium guide at the time of the absence of media on the basis of light reflected from the medium guide. The medium guide and the reflection plate are integrally formed. Accordingly, additional parts or additional assembly is not required and a low-cost medium detector can be realized.

Abstract: An in-line laser beam waist analyzer system includes an optical prism that picks off a portion of a second surface reflection from either a laser processing focus lens or a protective debris shield for the processing lens and directs that focused light to a pixelated detector. This provides real time monitoring of the focused laser beam while it is processing material by welding, cutting, drilling, scribing or marking, without disrupting the process.

Abstract: A device including a photon emitter, a photon receiver, and a screen opaque to photons following a direct path from the outside of the device to the photon receiver.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a system for stimulating an emission from at least one emitter, such as a quantum dot or organic molecule, on the surface of a photonic crystal comprising a patterned dielectric substrate. Embodiments of this system include a laser or other source that illuminates the emitter and the photonic crystal, which is characterized by an energy band structure exhibiting a Fano resonance, from a first angle so as to stimulate the emission from the emitter at a second angle. The coupling between the photonic crystal and the emitter may result in spectral and angular enhancement of the emission through excitation and extraction enhancement. These enhancement mechanisms also reduce the emitter's lasing threshold. For instance, these enhancement mechanisms enable lasing of a 100 nm thick layer of diluted organic molecules solution with reduced threshold intensity. This reduction in lasing threshold enables more efficient organic light emitting devices and more sensitive molecular sensing.

Abstract: An evaluation system that includes a miniature module that comprises a miniature objective lens and a miniature supporting module; wherein the miniature supporting module is arranged, when placed on a sample, to position the miniature objective lens at working distance from the sample; wherein the miniature objective lens is arranged to gather radiation from an area of the sample when positioned at the working distance from the sample; a sensor arranged to detect radiation that is gathered by the miniature objective lens to provide detection signals indicative of the area of the sample.

Abstract: An optical device is disclosed, including a surface emitting laser element having a surface emitting laser which emits a light in a direction which is perpendicular to a substrate face; a light receiving element which monitors the light of the surface emitting laser; a package provided with a region on which the surface emitting laser element and the light receiving element are provided; and a lid which has a window through which passes the light of the surface emitting laser, the window being formed with a transparent member, and which covers the surface emitting laser element and the light receiving element.

Abstract: A novel standard light source with a more simplified construction, which is suitable for measurement of total luminous flux of a light source different in luminous intensity distribution characteristics from a conventional standard light source, and a measurement method with the use of that standard light source are provided. A standard light source includes a light emitting portion, a power feed portion electrically connected to the light emitting portion, and a restriction portion provided between the light emitting portion and the power feed portion, for restricting propagation of light radiated from the light emitting portion toward the power feed portion. A surface of the restriction portion on which light from the light emitting portion is incident is constructed for diffuse reflection.

Abstract: A light source apparatus that generates a light to be supplied to an endoscope, which includes: LEDs of respective colors that emit lights; collimator lenses that receive emitted lights and emit the received lights; and illuminance sensors arranged at positions where the illuminance sensors can receive both of leak lights of the lights emitted from the LEDs of respective colors, which are not used as illumination lights, and lights emitted from the LEDs of respective colors and reflected by the collimator lenses.

Abstract: In a photoelectric conversion apparatus, an error can occur due to a voltage drop through a MOS transistor. In the photoelectric conversion apparatus, to reduce the error, a circuit block disposed between a unit pixel and an output line includes a differential amplifier circuit and a switch that is disposed in a feedback path of the differential amplifier circuit.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method and an optical device (150) in which a light beam (L) is coupled into a transparent component, for example into a foil (110). The incoupling is achieved by astigmatically focusing a light beam (L) onto an oblong entrance window (W) of the foil (110), wherein a focal line (Fx) of the light beam (L) is oriented along the axis (x) of extension of the entrance window (W). Preferably, a second focal line (Fy) of the light beam (L) is disposed inside the transparent component (110) below a region of interest (112).

Abstract: The invention relates to an optical sensor device (100) that comprises a plurality of objectives (152) for generating primary images of corresponding sensor regions (111). The primary images are then mapped with intermediate optics (153) onto a detector plane (154), particularly onto the sensitive plane of an image sensor.

Abstract: Multimode light detectors are provided, which combine a plurality of measurements of light to detect information, using a mode transformation device. The light may be light from one or more objects, and the mode transformation device may be configured to transform the light into many single mode light beams. Each measurement of the light may be a measurement of a corresponding single mode light beam. The multimode detectors may include one or more optical receivers, configured to mix one or more single mode light beams with one or more local oscillators, respectively. Methods are provided for detecting information of objects, including obtaining light from the objects, transforming the light into multiple single mode light beams, and collecting (and/or combining) measurements of the single mode light beams.

Abstract: An object detector includes a light source; an optical system that converts a light beam emitted from the light source into a predetermined state; a deflector that deflects and scans the light beam passing through the optical system, and that irradiates the light beam onto an object; and a photo detector that detects reflected light or scattered light. A first size of a light emitting region of the light source is different from a second size of the light emitting region, wherein the first size is a first width of the light emitting region in a first direction, and the second size is a second width of the light emitting region in a second direction. One of the first direction and the second direction corresponding to a smaller one of the first size and the second size coincides with a direction in which angular resolution is higher.