Abstract: A sensing device for a radiation therapy apparatus, the apparatus comprising an accelerator and a beam-shaping device the beam shaping device being a multi-leaf collimator (MLC) (2) having a plurality of pairs of leaves, and a rotatable gantry, the sensing device comprising: a transmission electronic detector (1) comprising an array of ionization chambers. The ionization chambers are defined by a bias electrode (11a,11b, 34,42) on the one hand and by a planar array of conductive strips (40) or strip assemblies (30) on the other hand. The strips or strip assemblies are associated to the leaf pairs of the MLC. The strips are the collecting electrodes of the ionization chambers.

Abstract: The present disclosure is directed to a contrast phantom having a first region with a first reflection coefficient, a second region with a second reflection coefficient, and a third region with a third reflection coefficient, wherein the first reflection coefficient, the second reflection coefficient and the third reflection coefficient are increasing or decreasing in value in discrete steps, and wherein at least one of the regions includes an electrically conductive material having a thickness of about 200 ?m. Methods of testing the contrast resolution of an active millimeter wave imaging system using the contrast phantom are also described.

Abstract: An integrated image sensor and lens assembly comprises an image sensor substrate comprising an image sensor, a lens mount coupled to the image sensor substrate, a tube adapter extending into a channel of the lens mount, and a lens barrel housing a set of lenses for directing light to the image sensor. The lens barrel has a threaded portion that extends into the tube adapter. An upper subsection of the lens mount and a lower subsection of the lens barrel are unthreaded.

Abstract: A pattern measuring device ensures highly accurately measuring a depth and a three-dimensional shape irrespective of a formation accuracy of a deep trench and/or a deep hole. Therefore, in the present invention, the measuring system detects backscattered electrons from a pattern caused by an irradiation, compares backscattered electron signal intensities from a top surface, a bottom surface, and a sidewall of the pattern, and calculates a three-dimensional shape (or height information) of the sidewall based on a difference in heights of the top surface and the lower surface. The measuring system compares the calculated three-dimensional shape of the sidewall with a three-dimensional shape of the sidewall estimated based on an intensity distribution (open angle) of a primary electron beam, corrects the estimated three-dimensional shape of the sidewall based on a difference in the comparison, and corrects until the difference in the comparison becomes an acceptable value.

Abstract: In an optical system, a color filter mosaic can determine first color pixel locations, second color pixel locations, and third color pixel locations in an array of sensor pixels. The optical system can capture overhead images, which can be subtracted to form a background-subtracted tri-color image of a reflection of sunlight from at least one ground-based curved mirror. A processor can scale color values at the first and second color pixel locations of the tri-color background-subtracted image. The processor can form a single-color background-subtracted image from the scaled color values at the first color pixel locations, the scaled color values at the second color pixel locations, and third color values at the third color pixel locations. The single-color background-subtracted image can correspond to a point spread function or a line spread function of the optical system.

Abstract: A novel PET calibration phantom structure is disclosed that has reduced overall weight and reduced radiation shielding requirement while still enabling safe handling. Furthermore, when the phantom is not being used, the ?+ radiation source can be turned off or removed from the phantom, thus, lowering the radiation exposure risk to those handling the phantom.

Abstract: Systems, devices, and methods for quality assurance for verification of radiation dose delivery in arc-based radiation therapy devices using a 3D gamma evaluation method.

Abstract: There is provided a detector, and a method of calibrating or correcting a detection value in a wavelength range within an evaluable range by using a detection value in a wavelength range other than the evaluable range by using the detector. The detector includes an active layer containing a quantum well or quantum dots, and that is capable of sweeping a detection peak wavelength of a detection spectrum in a wavelength range within an evaluable range and a wavelength range other than the evaluable range, and is configured to correct or calibrate a detection value in the wavelength range within the evaluable range using a detection value in the wavelength range other than the evaluable range.

Abstract: A method of collecting radiation information of a turbine blade, the method including: 1) collecting a radiated light from the surface of the turbine blade, analyzing the radiated light using a spectrometer to calculate compositions and corresponding concentrations of combustion gas; 2) calculating an absorption coefficient of the combustion gas at different concentrations; 3) calculating a total absorption rate of the combustion gas at different radiation wavelengths under different concentrations of component gases; 4) obtaining a relationship between the radiation and a wavelength; 5) finding at least 3 bands with a least gas absorption rate; 6) calculating a distance between a wavelength of a strongest radiation point of the turbine blade and the center wavelength, and selecting three central wavelengths closest to the wavelength with the strongest radiation; and 7) acquiring radiation data of the turbine blade in the windows obtained in 6).

Abstract: A dose distribution calculation device of the invention is characterized by including: a beam information storing unit (a measured energy storing unit, a measured electric-charge storing unit, a measured beam-central axis storing unit), in which, when particle beam information of a particle beam generated by a particle beam therapy system is measured by a measuring device in confirmative radiation in which the particle beam is radiated to a phantom as a substitute for a treatment target, the thus-measured particle beam information is stored; and a total dose calculation unit for calculating a radiation dose distribution (a total dose distribution) on the basis of the measured particle beam information (a measured energy, a measured beam quantity (a measured number of electric charges), a measured position of beam central axis).

Abstract: Methods and devices for controlling a motion position of a multi-leaf collimator are provided. An example device includes a control system and two trolleys connected with the control system. The multi-leaf collimator includes two rows of leaves arranged in opposite sides, and each of the trolleys carries one row of the leaves. Each trolley is movably connected with a first screw rod and driven by a first motor connected with the first screw rod. A first encoder is arranged on the first motor and operable to feed back first position information of the trolley to the control system. A displacement sensor is arranged on the first screw rod and operable to feed back second position information of the trolley to the control system. The control system is operable to control the motion position of the trolley based on the first position information and the second position information.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to systems and methods for pulse parameter modulation. The systems may perform the methods to obtain information related to a treatment plan; determine a backward window based on the information related to the treatment plan, within which one or more radiation pulses have been transmitted; determine backward information associated with the backward window based on the information related to the treatment plan and the backward window; determine a forward window based on the information related to the treatment plan, within which one or more radiation pulses are to be transmitted; determine forward information associated with the forward window based on the information related to the treatment plan, the backward information, and the forward window; and determine one or more pulse parameters of the forward window based on the forward information.

Abstract: A substance concentration monitoring method includes inducing a periodic change in a body surface temperature over time using a heating and/or cooling element and yielding a function of temperature that varies with time so as to exhibit a temperature derivative with respect to time that oscillates periodically. Mid-infrared radiation absorbed or emitted from the body is measured while the surface of the body exhibits the oscillating, periodic derivative. The method includes determining a measured value based on the MIR radiation measurements and determining a concentration of a substance in the body based on a correlation with the measured value. A substance concentration monitoring apparatus includes a processor that initiates operations continuously monitoring whether the concentration or the measured value are within a tolerance. The operations further include generating a warning output when the concentration or the measured value is outside the tolerance.

Abstract: A radiographic imaging control apparatus includes a control unit, a setting unit, and an obtaining unit. The control unit performs a first control to cause a radiation sensor to transit into a state where electric charges can be stored if it is determined that a predetermined standby time elapses and performs a second control to cause the radiation sensor to transit into the state where electric charges can be stored in response to a signal received from a detection unit configured to detect start of a generation of radioactive rays. The setting unit designates either the first control or the second control as a control to be performed. The obtaining unit acquires radiation image data from the radiation sensor.

Abstract: A passive IR imaging system with a matrix-array detector in a cryostat includes a cold diaphragm, an image-forming device, of focal length that is continuously variable between FGC and FPC with, in this range of focal lengths, a constant numerical aperture and an aperture diaphragm level with the cold diaphragm, comprising a head group of fixed position and constant focal length with at least one lens in a mechanical holding means by the PC configuration, a first group and second group that are movable and positioned in order to ensure the change of focal length between and the focus of the image, an image-transport group of fixed position and of constant magnification, able to image the aperture diaphragm in order to limit the diameter of the PC useful beams on the lenses of the head group. The device comprises a TPC configuration with the first and second movable groups positioned to obtain the focal length FTPC, and its aperture diaphragm embodied in the mechanical holding means.

Abstract: A method of calibrating a mass spectrometer is disclosed. The mass spectrometer includes a first quadrupole, a second mass analyzer and a detection means. The method includes calibrating the second mass analyzer at a first time, calibrating the first quadrupole at a second time later than the first including a) determining for each of several selected masses a corresponding value of the amplitude of the RF voltage and DC voltage applied to the electrodes of the first quadrupole, b) fitting a function of the selected mass to the values of the amplitude of the RF voltage and DC voltage corresponding to the several selected masses, c) detecting the selected mass in a filter window width over a mass range, d) evaluating a shift of the peak position and/or a deviation of the filter window width, and e) repeating the calibration steps under certain conditions.

Abstract: A substance concentration analysis method includes calculating a difference for the particular time between a first measured amount of mid-infrared (MIR) radiation absorbed by or emitted from a body in a first wavelength and a second measured amount of MIR radiation absorbed by or emitted from the body in a second wavelength, calculating a quotient including a dividend based on the difference divided by a divisor based on a dT/dt value, and calculating the concentration of the substance in the body based on a correlation with the quotient.

Abstract: A method is presented for constructing a deep neural network based model to concurrently simulate post-lithography critical dimensions (CDs) and post-etch critical dimensions (CDs) and to improve the modeling accuracy of each process respectively. The method includes generating lithographic aerial images of physical design layout patterns, constructing a multi-task neural network including two output channels, training the multi-task neural network with the training data of the lithographic aerial images, and outputting simulated critical dimension values pertaining to lithography and etch processes.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method and system for testing and evaluating a response of an automotive radar system for a specific automotive safety scenario, wherein the method and system generates a simulated reflected radar signature corresponding to at least one virtual target in a specific virtual scenario. The simulated radar signature is generated from one or more of: a pre-recorded real reflected radar signature from at least one real target in a specific real scenario, or an analytical representation of a radar target signature from at least one virtual target in a specific virtual scenario.

Abstract: In the image capturing apparatus, the optical path difference producing member is disposed on the second optical path. Thereby, it is possible to suppress the amount of light when an optical image which is focused at the front of an optical image made incident into the first imaging device (front focus) and an optical image which is focused at the rear thereof (rear focus) are respectively imaged at the second imaging device and also to secure the amount of light on image pickup by the first imaging device. Further, in the image capturing apparatus, a position of the first imaging region and a position of the second imaging region on the imaging area are reversed with respect to the axis P in association with reversal of a scanning direction of the sample. Therefore, despite the scanning direction of the sample, it is possible to obtain a deviation direction of the focus position under the same conditions.

Abstract: A calibration method for an imaging device including a camera module including an imaging element and a lens installed on a path of light incident on the imaging element; a blur detection element configured to detect an amount of blur acting on the imaging device; and a gravity detection element configured to determine a direction of gravity acting on the imaging device. The calibration method includes: detecting a first angle corresponding to a deviation of a direction of a coordinate axis of the blur detection element with respect to the direction of gravity; detecting a second angle corresponding to a deviation of a direction of the camera module with respect to the direction of gravity; and acquiring a parameter for correcting a detection signal of the blur detection element based on the first angle and the second angle.

Abstract: The invention comprises a method for generating a procedure for treating a tumor of a patient using positively charged particles, comprising the steps of: (1) providing a set of treatment goal specifications; (2) generating tomographic images of the tumor using a first set of groups of the positively charge particles delivered from a synchrotron; and (3) a computer implemented algorithm automatically generating a tumor radiation treatment plan, of the tumor using the positively charged particles, using the set of treatment goal specifications and the tomographic images. Optionally, the method automatically updates the radiation treatment plan upon: a detected movement of the tumor relative to surrounding patient constituents and/or upon detection of a previously unforeseen intervening object in a treatment beam path.

Abstract: An SEM image acquisition device including a scanning signal generation unit configured to rotate a scanning direction of the electron beam to be scanned on the sample and generate a scanning signal to be emitted on a position on the sample corresponding to a same region and same pixels on the sample; a deflection device configured to emit the electron beam on a position on the sample corresponding to the same region and the same pixels on the sample, on the basis of the scanning signal generated by the scanning signal generation unit; a detection and amplification unit configured to detect and amplify a signal from the position on the sample corresponding to the same region and the same pixels on the sample, on which the electron beam was emitted by being deflected by the deflection device; and an image generation unit configured to generate an image from when the position on the sample corresponding to the same region and the same pixels on the sample is irradiated, on the basis of the signal detected and am

Abstract: Apparatus for testing bioparameter monitoring devices includes artificial organs that comprise an elongated sponge wrapped in electrically conductive hydrogel skin, inlet and outlet tubes having a reddish liquid flowing therein and a pulsatile pump configured to generate a pulsatile flow of the liquid. A valve has a variable opening. For each artificial organ: the inlet tube extends out of the sponge and connects eventually to the pulsatile pump, the inlet tube penetrating the elongated sponge so as to extend to a tip of the elongated sponge at a distal end of the inlet tube, and the outlet tube extends out of the elongated sponge and connects eventually to the pulsatile pump at a proximal end of the outlet tube, the outlet tube penetrating the sponge so as to extend to a tip of the elongated sponge at a distal end of the outlet tube.

Abstract: Techniques are disclosed for estimating patient radiation exposure during computerized tomography (CT) scans. More specifically, embodiments of the invention provide efficient approaches for generating a suitable patient model used to make such an estimate, to approaches for estimating patient dose by interpolating the results of multiple simulations, and to approaches for a service provider to host a dose estimation service made available to multiple CT scan providers.

Abstract: A radiation detection device includes a scintillator group which includes a plurality of scintillators; an optical detection unit which is provided in each scintillator and detects scintillation light; and a control unit which corrects a detection signal based on a value of energy of a radiation and a plurality of features included in a histogram based on the acquired detection signal.

Abstract: Techniques are disclosed for estimating patient radiation exposure during computerized tomography (CT) scans. More specifically, embodiments of the invention provide efficient approaches for generating a suitable patient model used to make such an estimate, to approaches for estimating patient dose by interpolating the results of multiple simulations, and to approaches for a service provider to host a dose estimation service made available to multiple CT scan providers.

Abstract: A testing apparatus for an optoacoustic device includes a light pulse sensor operatively connected to a light output port of the optoacoustic device, the light pulse sensor being adapted to sense a pulse of light capable of generating an optoacoustic response in a subject and to distinguish between the light pulse and the at least one other light pulse on the basis of the predominant wavelength. The light pulse sensor outputs a trigger signal associated with the distinguished light pulse when such light pulse is sensed. A transducer signal simulator outputs a first plurality of electrical signals simulating those produced by a transducer array and reflective of an optoacoustic response in a subject to a light pulse at a first wavelength in response to a trigger signal from the light pulse sensor associated with a light pulse having a first wavelength.

Abstract: The present application provides systems and methods for analyzing animal feeds and for adjusting animal feeds to improve the digestibility of animal feed components. Digestibility of animal feed can be determined by performing in vitro digestion of the feed and analyzing concentrations of residual components in the digested feed by NIR spectroscopy. Animal feed compositions can be adjusted to improve digestibility of components in the feed. The systems and methods of the present application can be used to determine the effect of an additive on the digestibility of feed.

Abstract: In a device, system and method for determining the concentration of a substance, such as the oxygen saturation in the blood of a subject, the influence of specular reflection is reduced or removed. An input unit is configured to receive detection signals reflected back from a skin area of the subject in response to irradiation of the skin area by a radiation signal. A signal extraction unit is configured to extract at least two photo-plethysmography, PPG, signals at two different wavelengths from the detection signals. A processing unit is configured to compute the concentration of a selected substance in the blood of the subject based on the PPG signals taking into account a skin tone of the subject.

Abstract: A method of operating a mass spectrometer comprising: detecting a first ion species using a first gain setting of a detector or a first emission current for a first mass-to-charge range; detecting a second ion species using a second gain setting of the detector or a second emission current for a second mass-to-charge range; and using the detected first and second ion species to calibrate the mass range of a mass analyzer of the mass spectrometer, to tune the resolution of the mass analyzer, or to tune an ion optic of the mass spectrometer.

Abstract: Devices and methods for assessing ulceration risk in a tissue. Some embodiments include a device having a scan head on an extension neck extending from housing and having range of motion relative to the housing. The scan head includes light-emitting system that alternately emits light at different selected wavelengths into the tissue, and a photodetector that generates an electrical signal based on the receive light. A processor calculates regional-perfusion-index (RPI) data based on the electrical signal. Some embodiments provide a tissue-vibration mechanism to help measure mechano-transduction induced recovery from vibratory stimulation for determining short-term metabolic deficit. In some embodiments, the scan head has a topological feature (such as one or more grooves, holes, bumps and/or ridges) that provides pressure-change stimulation for measuring vascular recovery from pressure changes.

Abstract: Described is an in-scan phantom for use during an imaging procedure. The phantom can include at least one measuring insert and/or at least one measured insert. The measuring insert may have radiation detecting capabilities while the measured insert may include a radioactive material. Also described is an imaging modality system that includes an imaging modality and an in-scan phantom as well as methods of using the in-scan phantom for imaging a patient or performing a scout scan.

Abstract: A method for characterizing a sample combining an X-ray tomography characterization technique and a secondary ionization mass spectrometry characterization technique, includes: a step of providing a tip that includes first and second end surfaces, a first cylindrical region bearing the first end surface and a second region in contact with the first cylindrical region and becoming slimmer towards the second end surface; a step of machining the second region to obtain a sample holder including a flat surface, the flat surface forming an end surface of the sample holder, the area of the flat surface being less than the area of the first end surface; a step of placing the sample on the flat surface of the sample holder; a first step of characterization of the sample using an X-ray characterization technique; a second step of characterization of the sample using a secondary ionization mass spectrometry characterization technique.

Abstract: A sensor cover according to embodiments of the disclosure is capable of being used with a non-invasive physiological sensor, such as a pulse oximetry sensor. Certain embodiments of the sensor cover reduce or eliminate false readings from the sensor when the sensor is not in use, for example, by blocking a light detecting component of a pulse oximeter sensor when the pulse oximeter sensor is active but not in use. Further, embodiments of the sensor cover can prevent damage to the sensor. Additionally, embodiments of the sensor cover prevent contamination of the sensor.

Abstract: A photon counting system is provided. The photon counting system comprises an analog domain and a digital domain in communication with the analog domain. A detector is configured to detect photons. An analog digital converter is provided in the digital domain, while an amplifier circuit is provided in the analog domain that is configured to receive the detector's output, wherein the amplifier circuit's output is in communication with the analog digital converter. The output of the analog digital converter is in communication with a signal processing system that may perform accumulation of signals and store them in memory.

Abstract: In certain embodiments, a laser device for laser processing of an eye comprises a source of a pulsed laser beam, a detector system that photodetects partial beams generated from the laser beam, and a control unit that evaluates the detection signals. A first detection element of the detector system provides a first detection signal based on single-photon absorption. A second detection element provides a second detection signal based on two-photon absorption. The control unit puts the measured signal strengths of the two detection signals into a ratio to one another. Variations in the resulting ratio value may be traced back to variations in the pulse duration and/or wave front of the laser beam. The control unit may initiate countermeasures to maintain the beam quality of the laser beam.

Abstract: A charged particle beam writing apparatus includes a writing data generation circuitry to input character information or information of an item selected, for specifying an apparatus quality check pattern used for evaluating apparatus quality of a charged particle beam writing apparatus, and to generate writing data of the apparatus quality check pattern based on the character information or the information of the item selected, and a combination circuitry to input writing data of an actual chip pattern to be written on a target object, and to combine the writing data of the actual chip pattern and the writing data of the apparatus quality check pattern such that the actual chip pattern and the apparatus quality check pattern do not overlap with each other.

Abstract: Microbolometer arrays incorporating per-pixel dark reference structures for non-uniformity correction.

Abstract: An apparatus having an optical structure and ridges is described, wherein adhesive is arranged between the ridges and the optical structure, wherein the adhesive is effective to effect, after its annealing, a predetermined orientation of the optical structure in relation to a reference plane.

Abstract: A method for measurement of dose distribution in a radiotherapy apparatus includes providing a detector holder situated at least partially within a tank, the detector holder comprising a radio-opaque marker and a visual reference point, the marker and the reference point being separated and in a fixed spatial relationship to each other; locating the tank within a bore of the radiotherapy apparatus; rotating a gantry and monitoring the position of the detector holder with an imaging apparatus; vertically displacing the detector holder until the reference point is positioned at a desired level, and adding liquid to or removing liquid from the tank until the surface of the liquid is level with the reference point. Features of the detector holder and tank are also described.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present disclosure provide improved techniques for dosimetry in radiotherapy treatment. In a fractionated radiotherapy treatment, the expected dose buildup is computed in advance of a fraction delivery based on the instructions in the treatment plan. The progress of the fraction is then monitored using an electronic portal image detector (EPID), and fluence data from the EPID used to calculate an estimate of the actual dose build-up in real time. This estimate can be compared to the expected dose buildup in order to validate the fraction.

Abstract: A gamma ray detector is described. The detector comprises a plastic scintillation body for receiving gamma rays and generating photons in response thereto. The scintillation body is in the form of a truncated cone defined by a base surface and an end surface separated along an axis of extent of the scintillation body with a lateral surface extending therebetween. A photodetector is optically coupled to the base surface of the scintillation body so as to detect photons generated by gamma ray interaction events within the scintillation body. A specular reflector is provided adjacent, but separated from, the lateral surface of the scintillation body so as to reflect photons that leave the scintillation body through the lateral surface back into the scintillation body.

Abstract: A high bay luminaire includes a heat sink having a substantially disc-shaped configuration. A light emitter is connected to the heat sink. A reflector is connected to the heat sink. A yoke is connected to the heat sink. The yoke has a first arm, a second arm, and a top bar. A driver is connected to the yoke so that the driver extends between the first arm and the second arm.

Abstract: A system configured to determine a property of a paving-related material is provided. The system includes a measuring device configured for measuring a property of a paving-related material and a cellular computer device configured for being in communication with and receiving data from the measuring device.

Abstract: An encoder (1) having a body to be measured (30) and a measuring body (10) includes an analog-digital converter (21) converting, to a digital signal, a sinusoidal analog signal generated by a detection unit (11) and has different phases, a storage unit (22) storing correction data for aperiodic error components among periodic and aperiodic error components included in errors of position data, an aperiodic error correction unit (23) correcting the aperiodic error components among errors in the position data by using the correction data, and a periodic error correction unit (24) correcting the periodic error components among the errors in the position data.

Abstract: A system of particle detectors can determine the location of a source without rotations or iterations. Embodiments of the system may comprise a middle detector flanked by two shield plates, with two side detector panels exterior to the shields. The middle detector may be positioned toward the front and orthogonal to the side detectors. By comparing a ratio of the detector data to a predetermined angular correlation function, the system can determine both the sign and magnitude of the source angle in real-time. Embodiments of the system can rapidly and automatically localize sources including nuclear and radiological weapons materials, whether in vehicles or cargo containers, and can provide improved sensitivity in walk-through personnel portal applications, enable enhanced detection of hidden weapons by a mobile area scanner, and enable a hand-held survey meter that indicates the radiation level as well as the location of the source of radiation.

Abstract: A device and a method for wavefront analysis. The device is designed for analyzing the wavefront of at least one light wave passing through an optical system, and has at least one illumination mask (105, 205, 305, 405, 406, 407), at least one first grating (120, 220, 320, 420), at least one second grating (130, 230, 330, 430) arranged in the predefined plane and at least one detector (140, 240, 340, 440) for detecting said superimposition pattern. The at least one first grating has at least one first grating structure and generates an interferogram in a predefined plane from a wavefront to be analyzed which proceeds from the illumination mask and passes through the optical system. The at least one second grating has at least one second grating structure and generates a superimposition pattern by the superimposition of the second grating structure with the interferogram generated by the first grating.

Abstract: The disclosed technology relates to a ray energy calibration device and method, and a ray imaging system. In one aspect, the ray energy calibration device includes a plurality of wheels arranged to be rotatable about a common shaft and each provided with one or more protruding blocks at respective specific positions of an outer circumference thereof. The ray energy calibration device further includes a plurality of calibration members, with each of the calibration members being configured such that through rotation of a corresponding one of the wheels, the calibration member can be moved to a calibration position by the protruding block at a specific position on the outer circumference of the wheel.

Abstract: A single Integrated Computational Element (“ICE”) predictive of multiple sample characteristics.