Abstract: An apparatus for optical calibration includes a calibration target simulating a combustion. The calibration target further includes a first light-emitting pattern and a first light-emitting mechanism effecting the first light-emitting pattern. The apparatus includes two optical cameras aiming at the calibration target, wherein each optical camera has an observation axis and there is an angle between the two observation axes.

Abstract: Provided is a quantum random pulse generator having enhanced security using a phenomenon in which a radioactive isotope naturally collapses. The quantum random pulse generator includes a photodiode detection unit which has a photodiode disposed at the center of the photodiode detection unit on a top surface, a radioactive isotope emission unit which emits alpha particles discharged when an atomic nucleus naturally collapses toward a photodiode, and a plate which is disposed on a top surface of the radioactive isotope emission unit and supports the radioactive isotope emission unit. The alpha particles discharged by the emission unit come into contact with the photodiode to generate a random pulse.

Abstract: A sample analysis system includes a scanning electron microscope, an optical and/or eBeam inspection system, and an optical metrology system. The system further includes at least one controller. The controller is configured to receive a first plurality of selected regions of interest of the sample; generate a first critical dimension uniformity map based on a first inspection performed by the scanning electron microscope at the first selected regions of interest; determine a second plurality of selected regions of interest based on the first critical dimension uniformity map; generate a second critical dimension uniformity map based on a second inspection performed by the optical and/or eBeam inspection system at the second selected regions of interest; and determine one or more process tool control parameters based on inspection results and on overlay measurements performed on the sample by the optical metrology system.

Abstract: An ion implantation apparatus includes an ion source that is capable of generating a calibration ion beam including a multiply charged ion which has a known energy corresponding to an extraction voltage, an upstream beamline that includes amass analyzing magnet and a high energy multistage linear acceleration unit, an energy analyzing magnet, a beam energy measuring device that measures an energy of the calibration ion beam downstream of the energy analyzing magnet, and a calibration sequence unit that produces an energy calibration table representing a correspondence relation between the known energy and the energy of the calibration ion beam measured by the beam energy measuring device. An upstream beamline pressure is adjusted to a first pressure during an ion implantation process, and is adjusted to a second pressure higher than the first pressure while the energy calibration table is produced.

Abstract: A method for calibrating detectors in a CT scanner, wherein the new calibration process uses a combination of slab-based and water-based calibrations. By combining both calibrations, the complexity of each procedure can be reduced which will reduce restrictions on the quality of detectors used in the scanner. The slabs can be made out of commercially available material such as acrylic, and they will require no special treatment. Combining both calibrations also reduces the number of water phantoms needed for the calibration and the complexity of the calibration algorithm. Furthermore, the slabs can be shaped based on the scanner geometry so as to optimize the slab-based calibration step.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for calibrating a projection device, in particular a hand-held projection device, in a navigational environment for medical purposes, comprising the steps of: providing a detection device (1) configured to detect light emitted by the projection device (2); determining the spatial position of the detection device (1); projecting a known projection (3), comprising an area (4) configured to stimulate the detection device (1), towards the detection device (1) by means of the projection device (2); determining the position of the projection device (2), particularly in relation to the detection device (1) when the area (4) stimulates the detection device (1).

Abstract: A multi-column scanning electron microscopy (SEM) system is disclosed. The SEM system includes a source assembly. The source assembly includes two or more electron beam sources configured to generate a plurality of electron beams. The source assembly also includes two or more sets of positioners configured to actuate the two or more electron beam sources. The SEM system also includes a column assembly. The column assembly includes a plurality of substrate arrays. The column assembly also includes two or more electron-optical columns formed by a set of column electron-optical elements bonded to the plurality of substrate arrays. The SEM system also includes a stage configured to secure a sample that at least one of emits or scatters electrons in response to the plurality of electron beams directed by the two or more electron-optical columns to the sample.

Abstract: An integrated image sensor and lens assembly comprises an image sensor substrate comprising an image sensor, a lens mount coupled to the image sensor substrate, a tube adapter extending into a channel of the lens mount, and a lens barrel housing a set of lenses for directing light to the image sensor. The lens barrel has a threaded portion that extends into the tube adapter. An upper subsection of the lens mount and a lower subsection of the lens barrel are unthreaded.

Abstract: Detectors and methods of forming the same include aligning a semiconducting carbon nanotubes on a substrate in parallel to form a nanotube layer. The aligned semiconducting carbon nanotubes in the nanotube layer are cut to a uniform length corresponding to a detection frequency. Metal contacts are formed at opposite ends of the nanotube layer.

Abstract: A hadron radiation installation adapted to subject a target to irradiation by a hadron radiation beam includes a target support configured to support, preferably immobilize, a target; a hadron radiation apparatus adapted to emit a hadron radiation beam along a beam axis to irradiate the target supported by the target support, the radiation beam penetrating into the target. The radiation apparatus has a control system at least comprising a beam penetration depth control allowing at least to control and vary the penetration depth of the radiation beam into the target. The installation has a radiation beam range sensor device adapted to determine the penetration depth of said radiation beam into the target, where the range sensor device includes a gamma camera responsive to prompt gamma rays that are emitted while the hadron radiation beam penetrates into the target.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a system and method for improving glucose sensor accuracy by utilizing multiple calibration methods and selecting the most accurate method depending on a consensus glucose concentration estimate. Embodiments of the present invention comprise the steps of performing at least one in vivo update of surrounding glucose to acquire glucose values; calculating multiple updated calibration estimates using the updated glucose values; calculating an initial consensus glucose estimate from sensor output using each updated calibration estimate; applying a smooth crossover function to the multiple calibration estimates based on the value of the initial consensus glucose estimate; and adding weights to the multiple calibration estimates to acquire a consensus glucose estimate.

Abstract: A method for compensating pattern placement errors during writing a pattern on a target in a charged-particle multi-beam exposure apparatus including a layout generated by exposing a plurality of beam field frames using a beam of electrically charged particles, wherein each beam field frame has a respective local pattern density, corresponding to exposure doses imparted to the target when exposing the respective beam field frames. During writing the beam field frames, the positions deviate from respective nominal positions because of build-up effects within said exposure apparatus, depending on the local pattern density evolution during writing the beam field frames.

Abstract: An object preparation device for preparing an object in a particle beam apparatus includes at least one cutting device, at least one cutting bevel for cutting the object, where the cutting bevel is arranged at the cutting device, at least one movably embodied object receptacle device having an object receptacle for receiving the object, and at least one drive unit for moving the object receptacle device from a first position of the object receptacle device into a second position of the object receptacle device. The first position of the object receptacle device is an initial position. The second position of the object receptacle device is an analysis and/or processing position of the object receptacle device. An observation axis (OA) extends through the object receptacle when the object receptacle device is arranged at the second position.

Abstract: An optical assembly is disclosed. The optical assembly includes a collimating lens which collimates a divergent laser beam. A conical mirror has a reflecting cover surface and deforms a laser beam, which propagates in the direction of the conical axis, into an annular beam in a propagation plane perpendicular to the conical axis. An optics carrier has a first carrier element on which the collimating lens is fixed and a second carrier element on which the conical mirror is fixed. A connection device has at least one connection element which connects the first and second carrier elements to one another. The at least one connection element is arranged askew to the conical axis of the conical mirror.

Abstract: A probe apparatus includes a stage, a first and a second imaging device, a first and a second imaging optical unit, and a projection optical unit. The stage is movable in horizontal and vertical directions. The first imaging device picks up an image of a probe needle which is made to contact with an electrode of a device formed on a surface of the substrate. The first and second imaging optical units include optical systems for performing an image pickup by using the first and second imaging devices, respectively. The second imaging device picks up an image of the electrode held on the stage. The projection optical unit includes an optical system that projects an optical target mark, used in a position alignment of the first and the second imaging device, onto each of image forming units of the first and second imaging devices at the same time.

Abstract: Gamma ray logging tools are calibrated using gamma emissions data simulated using Monte Carlo modeling techniques. During the simulation, one or more nuclear activity zones of a formation are modeled and photon counting rates are determined. Using the simulated counting rates, an American Petroleum Institute (“API”) unit sensitivity factor is calculated. The API unit sensitivity factor is then applied to convert real logging tool counting responses into API units.

Abstract: A microscope apparatus (1A) includes a biological sample table (11) that supports the biological sample (B), an objective lens (12) disposed to face the biological sample table (11), a laser light source (13) that outputs light with which the biological sample (B) is irradiated via the objective lens (12), a shape measurement unit (20) that acquires a surface shape of the biological sample (B), a control unit (40) that generates aberration correction hologram data for correcting an aberration caused by the surface shape of the biological sample (B) on the basis of information acquired in the shape measurement unit (20), a first spatial light modulator (33) to which a hologram based on the aberration correction hologram data is presented and that modulates the light output from the laser light source (31), and a photodetector (37) that detects an intensity of light to be detected (L2) generated in the biological sample (B).

Abstract: An illumination device irradiates a sample with excitation light spatially modulated according to a two-dimensional pattern while temporally varying the pattern. A plate-shaped first optical member has a light receiving face that faces the sample face, receives fluorescence light emitted from the sample via the light receiving face, and guides the fluorescence light in a direction that is in parallel with the light receiving face. A photodetector receives the fluorescence light guided by the first optical member, and outputs a detection signal. A fluorescence image of the sample is generated using the detection signal and an intensity distribution formed on the sample face due to the excitation light acquired for every pattern.

Abstract: A gamma ray Compton TOF camera system includes multiple detector modules, each comprising a gamma radiation sensitive material and arranged in layers formed by one or more detector modules. The layers are placed such that they interfere an incoming gamma ray in order to completely or partially absorb it after one or more Compton interactions and are spatially separated in order to allow for the determination of the temporal order of each gamma ray interaction inside the camera system. The camera system also includes read out electronics and a Data Acquisition System where signals from the detector modules will be readout, digitized and sent to a processing unit, which is capable to obtain the 3D position, energy and temporal sequential order of the individual interactions produced by a single incident gamma ray.

Abstract: This nuclear medical diagnosis apparatus acquires a normalization factor based on reference data of a reference object to be measured, acquires a mutual calibration factor using at least a part of the reference data, and calculates radioactive concentration of the reference object to be measured.

Abstract: An electron microscope includes a monochromator, an image acquiring portion for obtaining an electron microscope image containing interference fringes of the electron beam formed by an aperture located behind the monochromator, a line profile acquiring portion for obtaining a plurality of line profiles passing through the center of the aperture on the EM image, an energy dispersion direction identifying portion for identifying the direction of energy dispersion of the monochromator on the basis of the line profiles obtained by the line profile acquiring portion, and an optics controller for controlling an optical system on the basis of a line profile in the direction of energy dispersion to bring the focal plane for the electron beam exiting from the monochromator into coincidence with the achromatic plane.

Abstract: A method for quantifying the presence of fats in a region of the heart includes an acquisition of an image of at least one cavity of the heart and of a wall; a selection of at least one pixel of a section through the heart including a density of pixels included in a first range of values; a growth in the selection of at least one pixel so as to define an extended 3D zone delimited by the cavity; an operation of homogeneous dilation of the extended 3D zone making it possible to define a dilated volume; an operation of extracting a peripheral region arising from the subtraction between the dilated volume and the extended 3D zone; a quantification of the number of pixels of a second range of values within the peripheral region.

Abstract: The present specification discloses methods of characterizing a population of particles using a particle analyzer. Particles may be characterized by size, absolute number, whether the particle is non-proteinaceous or proteinaceous, whether a proteinaceous particle has or lacks a certain physical property, or any combination thereof.

Abstract: A system for testing thermal response time of an uncooled infrared focal plane detector array and a method therefor is provided. The system comprises: a blackbody, a chopper, a detector unit under test and a testing system. The method comprises: emitting radiation by the blackbody, chopping by the chopper, then radiating the radiation to the uncooled infrared focal plane detector array under test; generating different responses on the radiation at different chopping frequencies by the uncooled infrared focal plane detector array under test; collecting different response values of the uncooled infrared focal plane detector array under test at different chopping frequencies; obtaining response amplitude at a corresponding frequency in a frequency domain by FFT; fitting according to a formula Rv ? ( f ) = Rv ? ( 0 ) 1 + ( 2 ? ? ? ? f ? ? ? ) 2 to obtain the thermal response time.

Abstract: The present disclosure is directed to an artificial skin including: a radar absorbing layer; a conductive layer comprising at least one material selected from the group consisting of a semiconductive oxide deposited onto a substrate and an electrically conductive polymer, wherein the substrate is in contact with the radar absorbing layer, and wherein the artificial skin has a reflection coefficient substantially equal to a human skin reflection coefficient, the human skin reflection coefficient being determined at an electromagnetic radiation frequency ranging from 1-500 GHz. A human phantom composed of the artificial skin and methods of using the human phantom are also disclosed.

Abstract: A device and method for controlling light by wavelength in a device with a switch plane and a dispersion plane uses optics providing an imaging function in the dispersion plane, and a Fourier transform function in the switch plane, so as to enable crosstalk to be reduced.

Abstract: The present disclosure is directed to a contrast phantom including: at least three regions including: a first region with a first reflection coefficient; a second region with a second reflection coefficient; and a third region with a third reflection coefficient, wherein at least one of the regions includes an electrically conductive material selected from a semiconductive oxide deposited onto a substrate and/or an electrically conductive polymer, wherein the first reflection coefficient, the second reflection coefficient and the third reflection coefficient are increasing or decreasing in value in discrete steps, and wherein the electrically conductive material includes a thickness of about 200 ?m. Methods of using the present contrast phantom are also described.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a stabilization method of a plastic scintillator-based radiation detector of the present invention, wherein the Compton edge of K-40 that exists in the spectrum of a background radiation that reacts with the plastic scintillator is converted into a peak form through a proper signal process, and the output calibration of the detector is automatically performed in real time by using the information. Thus, the output of the plastic scintillator-based radiation detector is automatically calibrated in order to thereby stabilize the output of the detector regardless of the external environmental changes.

Abstract: According to one aspect of the present invention, an electron beam apparatus includes charge amount distribution operation processing circuitry that operates a charge amount distribution of an irradiation region in a case that a substrate is irradiated with an electron beam using a combined function combining a first exponential function having an inflection point and at least one of a first-order proportional function and a second exponential function that converges and depending on a pattern area density; positional displacement operation processing circuitry that operates a positional displacement of an irradiation pattern formed due to irradiation of the electron beam using the charge amount distribution obtained; correction processing circuitry that corrects an irradiation position using the positional displacement; and an electron beam column including an emission source that emits the electron beam and a deflector that deflects the electron beam to irradiate a corrected irradiation position with the el

Abstract: A device and associated method can detect hydrocarbon gas with at least a control module having a plurality of different gas detection means housed in a mobile enclosure, the control module configured to activate at least two different gas detection means to provide amounts and types of gases present in a fluid.

Abstract: A DR detector having a layer of imaging pixels and one or more shield layers behind the layer of imaging pixels. A first shield layer may have a thickness selected to be between about 1 mil and about 5 mils of a material selected from lead, tungsten, tin, copper, aluminum, and magnesium, selected according to an energy magnitude of radiographic energy received by the detector. A second shield layer may be positioned behind the first shield layer. The second shield layer may have a similar or different thickness selected according to an energy magnitude of radiographic energy received by the detector. The first shield layer may be positioned directly behind the layer of imaging pixels and the second shield layer may be positioned at an interior surface of the back of the detector housing.

Abstract: A method for mass spectral analysis of a sample containing a plurality of biomolecule species comprises: (a) mass analyzing a plurality of first-generation ion species generated from a sample portion; (b) automatically recognizing, for each of at least one biomolecule species, a respective subset of m/z ratios corresponding to respective first-generation ion species generated from the each biomolecule species; (c) selecting, from each recognized subset, a single representative m/z ratio; (d) isolating a sub-population of ions having each representative m/z ratio from ions having other m/z ratios; and (e) fragmenting each isolated sub-population of ions so as to generate second-generation ion species.

Abstract: A charged particle beam device includes a charged particle source that generates a charged particle beam, a focus adjustment unit that adjusts a focal position of the charged particle beam, a deflection unit for scanning the charged particle beam on the sample, a detection unit that detects charged particles generated when the sample is irradiated with the charged particle beam, a detected charged particle selection unit that selects charged particles to be detected by the detection unit, and a control processing unit that makes focus adjustment of the focus adjustment unit and reference adjustment of the detected charged particle selection unit by using information from the detection unit acquired from one scan.

Abstract: Phantom for verifying the calibration of PET scanners, comprising a substantially cylindrical body having a cross section with a convex curvilinear profile, and a plurality of spheres placed within said body, comprising a solid matrix of germanium-68, the phantom being characterized in that it further comprises a reference sphere filled with a solid matrix of germanium-68, said reference sphere being connected to the phantom in such a way that it can be removed and replaced in the same position.

Abstract: A radiation imaging apparatus is provided. The apparatus comprises a scintillator configured to convert radiation into light, a sensor panel in which a plurality of pixels each comprising a light detector configured to detect the light is arranged in a two-dimensional array, and a processing unit. The processing unit comprises a signal generating unit configured to output signals indicating intensities of the light detected by the light detector of each of the plurality of pixels, and a detection unit configured to identify a group of pixels each of which outputs a signal of a level exceeding a reference value out of the signals and detect, based on a pattern of the group, pileup in which a plurality of radiation photons is detected as a single radiation photon.

Abstract: A bolometer circuit may include an active bolometer configured to receive external infrared (IR) radiation and a resistive load, which are configured to be connected in series in a bolometer conduction path from a supply voltage node to a common voltage node. A node in the bolometer conduction path between the resistive load and the active bolometer is coupled to a first input of an op-amp. A variable voltage source is coupled to a second input of the op-amp to provide a reference voltage level. The op-amp maintains the reference voltage level at the first input to generate a current flow in response to a resistance change of the active bolometer due to the external IR radiation. The amplifier circuit may be configured as a feedback amplifier or an integrating amplifier. The bolometer circuit may be configured to enable a low-power mode of operation.

Abstract: An ion chamber has a chamber having an interior volume. There is a first electrode and a second electrode in the chamber and separated by a gap. A collector electrode is positioned between the first electrode and the second electrode. The collector electrode is shaped to occlude a portion of the first electrode from the second electrode.

Abstract: A radiometric detector is provided for detecting a measurement variable. The detector is particularly failsafe with, simultaneously, a simple, space-saving and cost-effective design, without having losses in the signal-to-noise ratio.

Abstract: A multicolor detection device includes: a condensing lens array 17 in which a plurality of condensing lenses 18, each of which turns light emitted from each of a plurality of light emitting points 1 individually into parallel light beams, are arranged, the light emitting points being arranged in a light emitting point array; at least one spectroscopic element on which the parallel light beams are incident in parallel, the at least one spectroscopic element being common; and at least one sensor on which light beams spectrally separated by the spectroscopic element are incident in parallel, the at least one sensor being common.

Abstract: According to one embodiment, a medical image processing apparatus includes an image acquisition part and a data processing part. The image acquisition part is configured to obtain X-ray image data of an object including not less than three phantoms whose X-ray absorption factors are different from each other. The data processing part is configured to generate corrected X-ray image data of the object by correcting the obtained X-ray image data or other X-ray image data. The obtained X-ray image data or the other X-ray image data are corrected using a nonlinear function obtained based on pixel values of the obtained X-ray image data. The pixel values correspond to the phantoms.

Abstract: According to an embodiment, an apparatus includes a reference calculator, a peak calculator, a coefficient calculator, and a calibrator. The reference calculator is configured to calculate, as a first value, a most frequent electrical signal level from a first set of electrical signal levels output from the respective pixels of a detector for radiation. The peak calculator is configured to calculate, as a second value, a peak level of radiation energy of a characteristic X-ray, based on a relation between energy and intensity of radiation obtained from the first set. The coefficient calculator is configured to calculate a coefficient by dividing a difference between the first and second values by the peak level. The calibrator is configured to multiply an electrical signal level of each pixel by the coefficient and add the first value to the multiplication to calibrate a relation between detection output and incident radiation of the detector.

Abstract: Methods and systems for operating a flow cytometer can include forward scatter values, side scatter values, and fluorescence intensity values for events of an unstained sample and associating the fluorescence intensity values with forward scatter-side scatter side scatter plot regions. Methods and systems for operating a flow cytometer can also include measuring forward scatter values, side scatter values, and fluorescence intensity values for events of a stained sample, determining forward scatter-side scatter plot locations for the events of the stained sample, and for each event of the stained sample, subtracting the fluorescence intensity value associated with the forward scatter-side scatter plot region that contains the forward scatter-side scatter plot location of the stained sample event from the measured fluorescence intensity value of the stained sample event at that forward scatter-side scatter plot location.

Abstract: Described herein are methods, apparatuses, and systems that enable a light weight autonomous unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) to process hyperspectral (HSI) data during its flight and send information to the ground computer via radio-link. This capability is not currently available owing to the severe combination of technical constraints: the typical processing power required to analyze HSI data in real time; the small space and power available for the payload in a light-weight UAV; and the limited bandwidth available on the wireless link.

Abstract: A boresight module includes a housing including an input window and an exit window. The boresight module further includes a lateral transfer hollow, dichroic beam splitter, retro-reflector (LTHSR) assembly supported by the housing. The LTHSR assembly includes a dichroic beam splitter. The boresight module further includes a corner cube coupled to the housing and a collimator including a collimator housing coupled to the housing and a target supported by the collimator housing. The target is configured to receive electromagnetic radiation from the input window to emit electromagnetic radiation through the exit window. A method of aligning a device with a boresight alignment module is further disclosed.

Abstract: Systems, devices, and methods for quality assurance for verification of radiation dose delivery in arc-based radiation therapy devices using a 3D gamma evaluation method.

Abstract: An integrated image sensor and lens assembly comprises a lens barrel, an adapter tube, and a lens mount. The lens mount includes a first thread having a first pitch and the tube adapter comprises a second thread reciprocal to the first thread. The first and second threads secure the tube adapter within the lens mount. The tube adapter further comprises a third thread having a second pitch different than the first pitch, and the lens barrel comprises a fourth thread reciprocal to the third thread. The third and fourth threads secure the lens barrel within the tube adapter. A rotation of the tube adapter with respect to the lens barrel and the lens mount causes linear movement of the lens barrel and the lens mount with respect to the tube adapter in a same direction along the optical axis.

Abstract: A phantom and method for quality assurance of a particle therapy apparatus used in the intensity modulated particle therapy (IMPT) mode is provided. The phantom comprises a frame structure having a first face and a second face that is parallel to the first face. The phantom further comprises one or more wedges, and a first and second block of material each having a first block face and a second block face parallel thereto. In addition, the phantom further includes an absolute dosimeter arranged at the first block face. A plurality of beads of high density material is located in the first or second block, and a 2D detector is arranged at the second face of the frame structure.

Abstract: An assembly and a method for maximizing the current-carrying capacity of conductor tracks and the current-carrying capacity of conductors on or within a circuit board, allows for the use of copper materials, and minimizes the costs of materials and production of the circuit board. The circuit board is connected via a housing with a coolant of a cryogenic device in order to provide heat extraction. The extraction of heat from the circuit board occurs by connecting the circuit board via a housing with a coolant of a cryogenic device.

Abstract: An embodiment of the present disclosure provides a backlight detection device, comprising: a carrier plate, having a backlight detection region for carrying a backlight to be detected; a light property detection plate with a plurality of brightness sensors arranged thereon, configured for detecting light properties of different regions of a backlight to be detected which is positioned in the backlight detection region; and a data processing unit, in signal connection with the plurality of brightness sensors, configured for judging whether the light property of the backlight to be detected is qualified or not according to a plurality of brightness signals of different regions of the light source to be detected which are detected by the plurality of brightness sensors.

Abstract: According to one aspect, embodiments herein provide a unit cell circuit comprising a photodetector, a first integration capacitor, a first input circuit configured to maintain charge on the integration capacitor corresponding to photo-current received from the photodetector during an integration period, a first comparator coupled to the first integration capacitor and configured to compare a first integration voltage across the first integration capacitor to a first threshold reference voltage, a register coupled to the first comparator, and a counter coupled to the register and configured to repeatedly increment a counter value over the integration period, wherein in response to determining that the first integration voltage is at a certain level in relation to the first threshold reference voltage, the first comparator is further configured to output a first output signal configured to control the register to latch the counter value of the counter.