Abstract: Li-containing scintillator compositions, as well as related structures and methods are described. Radiation detection systems and methods are described which include a Cs2LiLn Halide scintillator composition.

Abstract: A photosensor-equipped display device is provided having a combination of visible and non-visible light sources where a voltage drop is minimized when the non-visible light sources are turned on. The display device includes: a plurality of infrared LEDs (3b); photosensors (9) provided in a pixel region (4) for detecting reflected light originating from the infrared LEDs (3b); a sensor row driver circuit (7) configured to supply a sensor drive signal to the photosensors (9); an amplifier circuit (6) configured to amplify a signal read from the photosensors (9) in response to the sensor drive signal and output a photosensor signal; a signal processing circuit (20) configured to process the photosensor signal output from the amplifier circuit (6); and a backlight control circuit (13) configured to control on and off of the infrared LEDs (3b). The plurality of photosensors (9) are divided into a plurality of sensor groups in the pixel region (4).

Abstract: Detector modules for an imaging system and methods of manufacturing are provided. One detector module includes a substrate, a direct conversion sensor material coupled to the substrate and a flexible interconnect electrically coupled to the direct conversion sensor material and configured to provide readout of electrical signals generated by the direct conversion sensor material. The detector module also includes at least one illumination source for illuminating the direct conversion sensor material.

Abstract: Laser light pulses are reflected off a scanning mirror. A time-of-flight distance measurement device receives reflected light pulses and determines distances. The light pulses have abrupt changes in amplitude. Reflected pulses are differentiated to reduce sensitivity to amplitude variations. Differentiated pulses may be compressed to keep the receiver from saturating. Distance measurements are combined with location information to produce a 3D image of a surface.

Abstract: Suspended nanotubes are used to capture and ionize neutral chemical units, such as individual atoms, molecules, and condensates, with excellent efficiency and sensitivity. Applying a voltage to the nanotube(s) (with respect to a grounding surface) creates an attractive potential between a polarizable neutral chemical unit and the nanotube that varies as 1/r2, where r is the unit's distance from the nanotube. An atom approaching the nanotube with a sub-threshold angular momentum is captured by the potential and eventually spirals towards the nanotube. The atom ionizes as in comes into close proximity with a sidewall of the nanotube, creating an ion whose polarity matches the polarity of the electric potential of the nanotube. Repulsive forces eject the ion, which can be detected more easily than a neutral chemical unit. Suspended nanotubes can be used to detect small numbers of neutral chemical units (e.g., single atoms) for applications in sensing and interferometry.

Abstract: A system includes a cold cell tube configured to receive a mixture of a target gas and a buffer gas to cool the target gas to a temperature at which a partial pressure of the target gas is greater than the saturated vapor pressure of the target gas while maintaining at least a portion of the target gas in the gas phase. The system also includes a spectroscopic module configured to detect the cooled target gas in the cold cell tube; and an analysis module configured to determine a characteristic of the target gas based on the results of the detecting.

Abstract: A particle beam treatment device includes an irradiation nozzle which moves a particle beam in a direction which is perpendicular to an advancing direction; a dose monitor which measures the dose of the particle beam; a planning part which sets the irradiation dose applied to a target volume; and a controlling part which controls the irradiation dose applied to a target volume based on irradiation dose set value which is set by a value measured by the dose monitor and the planning part, wherein the planning part stores the absorbed dose distribution data in the depth direction which is prepared in advance using the absorbed dose at the reference depth which is a predetermined position nearer to an incident side of the particle beam than the position of Bragg peak as the reference and calculates the irradiation dose set value using the absorbed dose at the reference depth.

Abstract: According to one implementation, a radiation image capturing system includes a radiation image capturing apparatus; and a radiation generating apparatus. The radiation image capturing apparatus includes: a plurality of radiation detecting elements defined by a plurality of scanning lines and a plurality of signal lines; a scanning driving section; a switch section; a reading circuit; and a control section. The control section detects a start of emission of radiation from a radiation source. The control section includes a notifying section which notifies that start of emission of radiation is detected when the start of emission of radiation is detected.

Abstract: A nuclear level sensing gauge for a vessel 10 comprises a vertical source well 12 and one more level sensing detectors 22 mounted to vertically spaced nozzles, where the sources 30 in the source well 12 are distributed sources which emit a radiation pattern illuminating a length of greater than one inch of the respective level sensing nozzle, so that thermal expansion or contraction of the vessel 10 does not significantly alter radiation illuminating each detector 22. In a second embodiment, a vessel 10 includes plural level sensing nozzles and plurality of level sensing wells 12?, each nozzle and level sensing well 12? positioned adjacent to one another such that a source in the well illuminates a detector 22 on the nozzle. Because the respective level sensing wells 12? and level sensing nozzles are closely adjacent to one another, thermal expansion or contraction of the vessel does not significantly alter the illumination of the detector 22.

Abstract: Fluorescence detection device employed in a flow site meter emits laser light intensity-modulated by a modulation signal and acquires the fluorescence signal of fluorescence emitted from a measurement object passing through a measurement point of the laser light. The device generates the reference signal, separately from the modulation signal, the reference signal having a frequency different from the frequency of the modulation signal and having a phase synchronized with a phase of the modulation. The device determines fluorescence relaxation time of the measurement object from the fluorescence signal using the reference signal.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an imaging apparatus for generating an image of a region of interest. The imaging apparatus comprises a radiation source (2), a detection unit (6) for generating detection data and a moving unit (1, 7, 8) for moving the radiation source (2) and the region of interest relative to each other, while the detection data are generated. The imaging apparatus further comprises an identification unit (13) for identifying in the detection data high density detection data and non-high density detection data. A density weighting unit (14) density weights the detection data, wherein at least a part of the high density detection data has a smaller density weight than the non-high density detection data, and a reconstruction unit (15) reconstructs an image of the region of interest from the weighted detection data.

Abstract: Method and apparatus for minimizing signal noise (20, 22) in thermal, epithermal, and cold neutron fluorescence processes using neutron flux modulation and gamma ray detector pulse gating synchronized to neutron time of flight (NTOF). The apparatus includes a source (12) of thermal, epithermal, and/or cold neutrons, optionally switched between flux or power settings in various embodiments, a gamma ray detector (14) or detection system capable of either being turned ON and OFF, in some embodiments, or else being told to regard or disregard gamma ray signals (20, 22) in other embodiments, a control mechanism (24), and either a target range detector (26) or a prior measurement of target range, in embodiments where the range remains fixed.

Abstract: A drawing apparatus includes: a detector configured to output a current in accordance with a pulse of a charged particle beam; and a processor including a capacitor and configured to detect a value of a voltage of the capacitor and to obtain an intensity of the pulse based on a value of a capacitance of the capacitor and the detected voltage value. The processor is configured to detect a current output from the detector in accordance with a charged particle beam incident thereon through a voltage drop, to supply a current having a value determined based on the detected current, to the capacitor to detect a value of a voltage of the capacitor, and to obtain the value of the capacitance based on the determined current value and the detected value of the voltage of the capacitor.

Abstract: A measurement system for use in radiation therapy, for example for measuring radiation sources, in particular for a water phantom. The water phantom has a water container and a measurement system, on which at least one holder for a radiation detector is arranged. The holder can be moved within the water container along at least one movement axis, with a control unit being present, which accepts and executes commands for controlling the movement axis. A virtual coordinate system which is aligned to the water surface is defined so that the movement device does not have to be aligned with great complexity. A conversion unit transfers control commands from the virtual coordinate system into the real coordinate system of the movement device so movements of the holder are always parallel and/or perpendicular to the water surface.

Abstract: A pallet (10) for use with a gamma camera includes a rigid sheet (30) having a thickness (d) of less than six millimeters and a strength-enhancing curvature transverse to an axial direction (DA). At least a portion of an edge (32) of the rigid sheet has a bevel (B) with a length (x) along the sheet of at least about ten millimeters and a height (y) of at least about four-fifths of the sheet thickness. A protective covering (34) is disposed over the beveled edge. In a nuclear imaging method, a subject is disposed on the rigid sheet and a radiological image is acquired of at least a portion of the subject disposed on the sheet with at least one radiation detector head (8) positioned underneath or at an oblique angle below the subject. The bevel is effective to reduce or blur an edge artifact in the acquired image.

Abstract: One purpose of this invention is to provide radiation tomography apparatus with easier maintenance. A specific approach for this purpose is as follows. That is, a detector ring in the radiation tomography apparatus includes two or more rings. Moreover, a ring moves as to approach a next ring, whereby both the rings are connected. If radiation tomography is conducted while a clearance is provided between the rings, detection sensitivity of the detector ring decreases due to the clearance. On the other hand, according to this invention, the ring moves as to approach the next ring, which results in a narrower clearance. Accordingly, radiation that is not observed may be reduced as much as possible.

Abstract: An improved differential coat weight technique employs a novel algorithm for measuring the weight of a coating material that has been deposited onto a sheet of substrate. The invention employs dual x-ray or nuclear gauges such that, even though the downstream sensor is never exposed to uncoated sheet substrate, imparting the downstream sensor with the ability to predict results that it would have yielded when measuring the uncoated sheet substrate, leads to the development of a coat weight calibration protocol from which the basis weight of the coating can be ascertained directly from measurements from the upstream and downstream sensors. No subtraction of results is required. Moreover, the two sensors do not need to be re-calibrated whenever the relative proportions of the coating and base substrate change. The technique is particularly suited for applications where the coating material and substrate are made of substances that have very different atomic numbers.

Abstract: A field asymmetric ion mobility spectrometer (FAIMS) has an analyte ion source assembly by which an analyte substance is ionized and supplied to the inlet of the spectrometer. The ion source assembly has an upstream source of clean, dry air and two ion sources of opposite polarity arranged at the same distance along the flow path. The ion sources are arranged so that the overall charge of the plasma produced is substantially neutral. The analyte substance is admitted via an inlet downstream of the ion sources and flows into a reaction region of enlarged cross section to slow the flow and increase the time for which the analyte molecules are exposed to the plasma.

Abstract: A method and system for facilitating the identification and/or authentication of objects, and to a method and system for the marking of objects with an identity and/or as of authentic origin, and a set of objects marked to facilitate subsequent identification and/or authentication are described. The marking comprises incorporating into an object or part thereof or onto a tag mechanically engaged therewith a marker material exhibiting a characteristic radiation interaction response to incident high-energy ionizing radiation from a test source that is known to vary spectroscopically across the spectrum of the source. The presence or otherwise of the marker material may be determined by subsequent interrogation of an object with a suitable radiation source and detector to infer whether an object is of marked identity or origin.

Abstract: An apparatus for investigating a sample comprising: a source of beam radiation; a detector for detecting a beam of radiation reflected by the sample and an optical subsystem for manipulating the beam between source and detector wherein the optical subsystem comprises a first optical element arranged in use to angularly deflect the source beam within a given solid angle and a second optical element arranged to focus the beam from the first optical element onto a substantially flat image plane and wherein radiation reflected by the sample passes back through the first and second optical elements to the detector.

Abstract: A method of computing peak spectral irradiance, the method comprising characterizing at least one light source to determine an irradiance distribution pattern, generating multiple density cones in a three dimensional model based on the irradiance distribution pattern, positioning the multiple density cones in a desired layout, measuring density of irradiance at one or more locations, and optimizing the positioning of the at least one light source to obtain a desired irradiance distribution.

Abstract: Electronic devices may include time-of-flight image pixels. A time-of-flight image pixel may include first and second charge storage regions coupled to a photosensor and a transfer transistor with a gate terminal coupled to the first storage region. An electronic device may further include a light pulse emitter configured to emit pulses of light to be reflected by objects in a scene. Reflected portions of the emitted pulses of light may be captured along with background light by the time-of-flight image pixels. Time-of-flight image pixels may be configured sense the time-of-flight of the reflected portions of the emitted pulses. The electronic device may include processing circuitry configured to use the sensed time-of-flight of the reflected portions to generate depth images of a scene. Depth images may include depth-image pixel values that contain information corresponding to the distance of the objects in the scene from the electronic device.

Abstract: A reflection sensing system comprising a body, an illuming module and a detecting module. The body is made of LCP. The illuming module includes a first accommodating space and an LED, and the detecting module includes a light detector. The first accommodating space is disposed in the body and has a first opening at one end. In the first accommodating space, the neighboring region relative to the first opening is parabolic or approximately parabolic. At an end at an inner side of the first accommodating space near the light detector, at least one cross-section near the first opening is not parabolic or approximately parabolic. The LED is disposed at the focus of the first accommodating space and aligned towards the first opening. The light detector of the detecting module is disposed in the body and generates a sensing signal after receiving light.

Abstract: A device and method which comprises a sensing surface on a membrane, solid surface or electrode, where the sensing surface contains a photo-voltage active material chosen in relation to a particular target substance to be detected and quantified. The photo-voltage active material is of a type which produces an interfacial photo-voltage electrical signal upon illumination. The particular photo-voltage active material chosen for a particular target substance is one in which the presence of the target substance causes a change in the electrical signal produced. The presence of the target substance modifies the expected photo-voltage produced by the sensing surface upon illumination. The photo-voltage produces signals which are detected by electronic circuits, and the presence and concentration of the target substance is determined by analyzing the difference between the photo-voltage of the target sample versus the photo-voltage of a control sample lacking the target substance.

Abstract: Device for locating and imaging gamma or X-radiation sources, comprising: (a) a detection assembly comprising at least two gamma or X-radiation detectors sensitive to position, as well as a coded mask made of a radiation opaque material; and (b) electronic means for processing the electrical pulses provided by said detectors, so as to locate the source and form a bi- or tri- dimensional image thereof. The device is characterized in that the electronic means are suitable for reconstructing a bi- or tri- dimensional image of an X or gamma radiation source by applying a data processing method which combines the principles of Compton imaging and coded-mask imaging.

Abstract: The present invention provides an extendible support mechanism in which a counterbalance system allows extension and retraction of the arm to be carried out with the same level of mechanical effort. Embodiments of the present invention allow the system to be used in a plurality of orientations, and thus the invention has particular utility in the extension and retraction of peripheral devices for radiotherapy systems, where use of a rotatable gantry is common.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for monitoring the condition of a living subject may be self-adjusting or adjustable to accommodate different end uses. Adjustments might be made, for example, based on characteristics of the subject to be monitored (such as species, age, health, etc.), environment (such as home or industrial setting, room size, room contents, spurious signals in the environment), and set-up conditions (such as distance between the apparatus and living subject, alignment of the apparatus with the subject, etc.).

Abstract: A pulsed neutron source is used in a porosity logging tool with a single gamma ray detector coated with a neutron absorbing material. By using a ratio of the spectral peak associated with hydrogen to a spectral peak associated with the neutron absorbing material, the formation porosity is estimated.

Abstract: Certain embodiments described herein are directed to devices and systems that can be used for direct and indirect detection of radiation such as X-rays. In certain examples, the device can include a modulator optically coupled to a sensor. In some examples, the modulator can be configured to switch between different states to provide an imaging signal in one state and a dosimetry signal in another state.

Abstract: Provided are an image synthesizing device and an image synthesizing method wherein a subject is less affected by beam absorption. A diffraction beam intensity and a front diffraction beam intensity actually detected are included in the influence of absorption on a subject (Sa). Yet, assuming that said beams have the attenuation rate which is caused by said beams being absorbed when passing through a subject, the angle of refraction ?0 of the beam when passing through the subject (Sa) is obtained using the diffraction beam intensity and the front diffraction beam intensity which are not affected by attenuation, and which are represented by the aforementioned attenuation rate, front diffraction beam intensity, and diffraction beam intensity; a synthesized image of the subject (Sa) is obtained by means of said angle of refraction ?0.

Abstract: A particle beam treatment device includes an irradiation nozzle which moves a particle beam in a direction which is perpendicular to an advancing direction; a dose monitor which measures the dose of the particle beam; a planning part which sets the irradiation dose applied to a target volume; and a controlling part which controls the irradiation dose applied to a target volume based on irradiation dose set value which is set by a value measured by the dose monitor and the planning part, wherein the planning part stores the absorbed dose distribution data in the depth direction which is prepared in advance using the absorbed dose at the reference depth which is a predetermined position nearer to an incident side of the particle beam than the position of Bragg peak as the reference and calculates the irradiation dose set value using the absorbed dose at the reference depth.

Abstract: An image acquisition device employs a low-Z material to maximize the probability of backscattering or direct hits in Compton scattering for radiation with a given energy spectrum that passes through a detector array to enhance the contrast and spatial resolution of the image acquisition device. A radiation apparatus including the image acquisition device is also provided.

Abstract: A method and a device are provided for evaluating quality of radiopharmaceutical preparations.

Abstract: Provided is a particle beam irradiation apparatus capable of highly reliable measurement of a dose of each beam and capable of highly sensitive measurement of a leakage dose caused by momentary beam emission.

Abstract: A radar apparatus for detecting a distance to an object by receiving an electromagnetic wave reflected by the object is disclosed. The radar apparatus comprises a scan part and an electromagnetic wave emitter. The scan part includes a polarized light separation member configured to pass a preset first component of the electromagnetic wave and reflect a preset second component of the electromagnetic wave. The first and second components, respectively, are polarized lights having first and second polarization directions, which are perpendicular to each other. The scan part scans the second component of the electromagnetic wave in a predetermine scan angle range by rotating the polarized light separation member around a predetermined rotation axis. The electromagnetic wave emitter emits the electromagnetic wave toward the polarized light separation member of the scan part.

Abstract: Methods and corresponding systems are provided for determining a ply count of a multilayer material is provided that includes: placing the multilayer material between an emitter and a detector of a gauge; emitting at least one pulse of ionized radiation from a source associated with the emitter; detecting a number of particles emitted from the emitter passing through the multilayer material placed between the emitter and the detector; and translating the number of particles detected into a ply count using a computing device.

Abstract: A photoelectron microscope uses the vector potential field as a spatial reference. The microscope can be used with a source of photons to image surface chemistry.

Abstract: A radiographic image photographing system and its control device surely correlates radiographing order information with radiographic image data and facilitates radiographing work. A control section of a tag reader reads out inherent information stored in a tag in a radiation image detecting device. A control section of a radiographing operation apparatus receives the inherent information of the radiation image detecting device from the tag and stores it in a storing section. In response to an input from an input operation section, the control section correlates each piece of radiographing order information with a cassette ID of the radiation image detecting device and stores this correlation information in the storing section.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for checking an irradiation installation in which a dose distribution is deposited in a target object by means of a treatment beam, said method comprising the following steps: an irradiation planning data record optimised for the irradiation of a moving target volume is provided; a movement signal that reproduces a movement of the target volume is provided; a phantom is irradiated, said phantom being formed for detecting a dose distribution deposited in the phantom during or after the irradiation, using the control parameters stored at the irradiation planning data record and the movement signal; a dose distribution deposited in the phantom is determined; a dose distribution to be expected is calculated on the basis of parameters that are related to the control of the irradiation installation during the irradiation; and the determined dose distribution deposited in the phantom is compared to the calculated dose distribution to be expected.

Abstract: A radiographic image capturing apparatus includes a compression member, which is displaceable with respect to a holding member that holds a target object to be examined. The compression member is displaced toward the holding member for compressing the target object held by the holding member while the compression member is tilted with respect to the holding member along lateral directions of the target object as viewed in front elevation.

Abstract: Apparatus (1) for environmental monitoring, allowing to determine the mass concentration of air-dispersed particulate matter by operating or spy filters (F1-F6), comprising a beta radiation emitter (16) and detector (18) for detecting the mass of particulate matter settled on the operating or spy filters (F1-F6), wherein it is further provided the same beta measurement on spy filters (S 12-S1 6) exposed to the same environmental conditions of the operating filters (F1-F6) and the determination of in-air particulate matter concentration by compensation of the two measurements.

Abstract: The subject matter described herein includes methods, systems, and computer program products for measuring the density of a material. According to one aspect, a material property gauge includes a nuclear density gauge for measuring the density of a material. A radiation source adapted to emit radiation into a material and a radiation detector operable to produce a signal representing the detected radiation. A first material property calculation function may calculate a value associated with the density of the material based upon the signal produced by the radiation detector. The material property gauge includes an electromagnetic moisture property gauge that determines a moisture property of the material. An electromagnetic field generator may generate an electromagnetic field where the electromagnetic field sweeps through one or more frequencies and penetrates into the material.

Abstract: A sensor element is provided for conversion of x-radiation into an electrical measurement signal, the sensor element including an x-radiation-absorbing fluid arranged in a housing, and a pressure sensor arranged to detect a pressure of the fluid on the pressure sensor and convert the detected pressure into an electrical measurement signal. A plurality of such sensor elements may be arranged in a matrix-type arrangement to form an x-ray detector.

Abstract: In a measuring apparatus (8) having a measuring unit (1) according to the invention a spatially resolved measurement result detected using the measuring unit (1) of an object (16) is converted into a false-color image, and the false-color image is cast back or projected onto the object (16) by a display device (3).

Abstract: A method and a device for monitoring objects moving along a trajectory. The objects include a section that is transparent or translucent. The objects subsequently cross a light beam at the section. The presence or absence of an object is determined during a transitional time period during which substantially no light or light within a wavelength range substantially untransmittable through the section is detected. A monitoring device generates an output signal based on the light detection indicating the presence or absence of an object.

Abstract: Apparatuses, methods, software, and systems for analyzing homogeneous samples containing signal emitting entities, such as, but not limited to, radioisotopes, are disclosed. The apparatuses involve sample-container apparatuses that shape samples into different thicknesses. The methods involve characteristic signal acquisition and processing in order to compute sample self-attenuation of signals emitted from within special sample-container apparatuses. An external radiation reference-source having at least one prominent characteristic signal to beam-through the sample without interfering with the radiation signals emitted by the homogeneous sample, wherein the external reference-source is affixed to the reference-source positioning device, which is affixed to the sample-container.

Abstract: A method actuates a device for irradiating an object that has at least one target volume to be irradiated and at least one volume to be protected. The method includes defining at least one signal dose value for the volume to be protected and irradiating the object at least one of at least at times and at least in part with hadron irradiation. A dose introduced into the volume to be protected during the irradiation of the object is determined and at least one signal is emitted as soon as the introduced dose exceeds at least one signal dose value in at least one point of the volume to be protected.

Abstract: The present invention provides an extendible support mechanism in which a counterbalance system allows extension and retraction of the arm to be carried out with the same level of mechanical effort. Embodiments of the present invention allow the system to be used in a plurality of orientations, and thus the invention has particular utility in the extension and retraction of peripheral devices for radiotherapy systems, where use of a rotatable gantry is common.

Abstract: Methods and systems are presented for determining position and velocity information using angles-only measurements for a moving observer in a three-dimensional space, in which three or more observations are obtained by the observer of objects with known positions, line of position vectors are generated which correspond to the individual observations, and position and velocity vectors for a chosen time are determined using a closed-form least-squares minimization over the Euclidian distances between each line of position vector and the observer's estimated position at the time of the observation.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for the measurement of total organic carbon content in an aqueous stream is disclosed. Absorbance of electromagnetic energy by the aqueous stream is measured in an optical sample cell with pulsed light at a wavelength of 190 nm±10 nm. A value of total organic carbon from the measured absorbance is calculated without absorbance or fluorescence measurement at any other wavelength.