Abstract: Solutions are prepared by dissolving N-(n-butyl)-thiophosphoric triamide (NBPT) in one or more N-substituted morpholines and mixtures thereof. The solutions may be used in urea fertilizers to reduce nitrogen volatilization, or to reduce the odor of animal waste or urine. Methods of preparing urea fertilizers and the resultant products are also described.

Abstract: Described herein are methods for the efficient production of a heteromultimeric protein, such as a bispecific antibody. Heteromultimeric proteins may be capable of specifically binding to more than one target molecule or different epitopes on a single target molecule. The methods modulate parameters to improve assembly of the heteromultimeric proteins at higher yield and efficiency than otherwise possible. Also described are compositions comprising a hinge-containing polypeptide, such as a half-antibody.

Abstract: Methods are provided for refining natural oil feedstocks. The methods include reacting the feedstock with a molar excess of low-molecular-weight olefins in the presence of a metathesis catalyst. In certain embodiments, the methods further include separating at least a portion of the unreacted low-molecular-weight olefins. In certain embodiments, the methods further include recycling the separated unreacted low-molecular-weight olefins.

Abstract: A method of producing a solid glycerol derived material includes the steps of combining glycerol with a metal oxide, the glycerol having a water content of between about 5 and 50%, and the rate of combination of the glycerol and the metal oxide and the amount of the metal oxide being selected so that at least part of the water present in the glycerol reacts with the metal oxide in an exothermic reaction and at least part is driven off by heat produced in the exothermic reaction to produce the solid glycerol derived material.

Abstract: The present invention provides a novel use of a SPP system for replacing natural amino acid residues with non-naturally occurring amino acids in a protein or peptide, using cell based expression system.

Abstract: The present invention provides for novel compositions and methods for recycling or recovering ionic liquid used in IL pretreated cellulose and/or lignocellulosic biomass (LBM).

Abstract: The present application pertains to a composite material for chromatographic applications and a method for the preparation of the composite material.

Abstract: The method of inhibiting free radical polymerization of styrene includes adding multi-walled carbon nanotubes are added to the styrene monomer. The addition of the multi-walled carbon nanotubes at a concentration of 5% by weight is found to provide effective inhibition of the polymerization of the styrene. Greater decreases in the conversion rate of styrene to polystyrene are found through the addition of multi-walled carbon nanotubes functionalized with a carboxylic group (COOH). Still greater decreases in the conversion rate of styrene to polystyrene are found through the addition of multi-walled carbon nanotubes functionalized with octadecylamine (C18H39N). The multi-walled carbon nanotubes may also be functionalized with other functional groups, such as octadecanoate, polyethylene glycol or phenol. The functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotubes only require addition at a concentration of 1% by weight to be effective in polymerization inhibition.

Abstract: In one aspect, provided herein are efficient methods for using ionic liquids. In some embodiments, only a small amount of ionic liquid is lost in a chemical process. For example, described herein is a method for separating one or more biomass components from an ionic liquid comprising contacting a composition comprising an ionic liquid and a biomass component with a fluid.

Abstract: The invention provides a process for preparing esters from formates and olefinically unsaturated compounds with catalysts based on palladium compounds. In addition, the invention discloses a polyphasic reaction mixture and nonyl methyl ester mixtures prepared by the process according to the invention.

Abstract: Methods and compositions for detection of the modulators of proteolytic enzymes, particularly cysteine proteases, are disclosed.

Abstract: The invention relates to lithium reagent-porous metal oxide compositions having RLi absorbed into a porous oxide. In formula RLi, R is an alkyl group, an alkenyl group, an alkyny group, an aryl group, an alkaryl group, or an NR1R2 group; R1 is an alkyl group, an alkenyl group, an alkynyl group, an aryl group, an alkaryl group; and R2 is hydrogen, an alkyl group, an alkenyl group, an alkynyl group, an aryl group, and an alkaryl group. The preparation and use of lithium reagent-porous metal oxide compositions having RLi absorbed into a porous oxide compositions are also described.

Abstract: In one embodiment, the invention is to a process for producing a denatured ethanol composition comprising the steps of hydrogenating an acetic acid feed in the presence of a catalyst to form a crude ethanol product comprising ethanol, and at least one denaturant and separating the crude ethanol product in one or more separation units into a denatured ethanol composition and one or more derivative streams. The denatured ethanol composition comprises from 0.01 wt. % to 40 wt % denaturant, based on the total weight of the denatured ethanol composition.

Abstract: A process for producing C10-C26 monobranched fatty acids or alkyl esters thereof which includes isomerising unsaturated C10-C26 fatty acids or alkyl esters thereof in the presence of a catalyst which comprises both a zeolite and a Lewis base. The zeolite can be reused after simple separation from the reaction products without having to regenerate. The process is particularly suitable for producing highly monobranched fatty acids or alkyl esters thereof.

Abstract: Method for transesterification of fatty acid esters. The method includes contacting (i) a catalyst comprising at least one of barium oxide and apatite with (ii) a reaction medium comprising at least one of vegetable oil and fats.

Abstract: The present invention provides a primer set including primers that can be designed easily, with which an amplification distance can be shortened. Provided is a primer set for use in a method for isothermally amplifying a target nucleic acid sequence 4. The primer set includes a first primer 1F and a second primer 1R. The first primer 1F includes, on the 3? side thereof, a sequence (A?) that can hybridize to a sequence (A) on the 3? side of the target nucleic acid sequence. The second primer 1R includes, on the 3? side thereof, a sequence (B?) that can hybridize to a sequence (B) on the 3? side of either a strand extended from the first primer or a complementary strand of the target nucleic acid sequence 4. The first primer 1F and the second primer 1R include, on the 5? sides thereof, sequences (C) that are substantially identical to each other.

Abstract: A process for the recovery of betaine from a raw material consisting essentially of molasses. The process includes a demineralisation step, a conversion step and a separation step. In the demineralisation step the overall amount of salts in the molasses is brought to a level lying below 2 wt. % (on overall dry matter). In the conversion step the molasses is subjected to the action of a fructan-forming enzyme, to form a fructan-containing molasses (fructan-molasses). Finally in the separation step, the fructan-molasses is subjected to a chromatographic separation, thereby obtaining a betaine-containing fraction. Whereby the demineralisation step is executed prior to the separation step and whereby demineralisation step may be executed prior to, during, or subsequent to the conversion step. The raw material may alternatively contain or consist essentially of thick juice.

Abstract: The oligomerization of certain carboxylic acids and alkyl esters derived from natural oils is disclosed. This includes the oligomerization of C10-17 unsaturated carboxylic acids such as 9-decenoic acid, where the oligomerization yields a mixture of mono-, di- and tri-carboxylic acids. This also includes the oligomerization of certain alkyl esters, including the oligomerization of C10-17 unsaturated alkyl esters such as methyl 9-decenoate (9-DAME), where the oligomerization yields a mixture of mono-, di- and tri-carboxylic acid esters. Various end use applications for the oligomerized carboxylic acids and oligomerized alkyl esters are also disclosed.

Abstract: Calcium phosphate particles are described comprising a surface treatment wherein the surface treatment comprises at least one sugar alcohol. Also described are various oral care compositions comprising surface treated calcium phosphate particles and methods of surface treating calcium phosphate particles.

Abstract: A method for extraction from Lesquerella seeds having an acid value of less than 6 mg KOH/g, said method including the following steps: a seed-processing step i) that includes a single operation of flattening the seeds and at least one operation of drying the seeds; and a step ii) of placing the processed seeds into contact with a mixture of light anhydrous alcohol and co-solvent under temperature and time conditions that are sufficient for extracting a raw oil including phospholipids and gums, as well as obtaining a de-oiled cake.

Abstract: A method for converting a carbohydrate to a furan in a polar aprotic solvent in the presence of a chloride, bromide, or iodide salt or a mixture thereof and optionally in the presence of an acid catalyst, a metal halide catalyst and/or an ionic liquid (up to 40 wt %). The method can be employed in particular to produce furfural or 5-hydroxymethylfurfural.

Abstract: The invention provides a foamable composition comprising a foam pre-cursor and man-made vitreous fibres produced with a cascade spinner or a spinning cup, wherein at least 50% by weight of the man-made vitreous fibres have a length of less than 100 micrometres.

Abstract: The present invention provides for novel compositions and methods for recycling or recovering ionic liquid used in IL pretreated cellulose and/or lignocellulosic biomass (LBM).

Abstract: A composition comprising: at least one conjugated polymer, at least one second polymer comprising repeat units represented by: (I) optionally, —[CH2—CH(Ph-OH)]— and (II) —[CH2—CH(Ph-OR)]— wherein Ph is a phenyl ring and R comprises a fluorinated group, an alkyl group, an alkylsulfonic acid group, an alkylene oxide group, or a combination thereof is described. Other polymers can be used as second polymer including polymers comprising modified naphthol side groups. The composition can be used in hole injection and hole transport layers for organic electronic devices. Increased lifetime and better processability can be achieved. Versatility with useful OLED emitters can be achieved. Ink formulations can be adapted for ink jet printing. The conjugated polymer can be a polythiophene. Applications include OLEDs and OPVs.

Abstract: The present invention herein provides a method for preparing a dispersion of fluorinated nanodiamond particles, which can be used in, for instance, an abrasive, a lubricant, and a heat-exchanging fluid medium, which is stable over a long period of time on the order of not less than 120 hours and which has a viscosity, as determined at 20° C., of not less than 3 cP. This dispersion can be prepared by blending fluorinated nanodiamond particles with a first liquid having a viscosity, as determined at 20° C., of not higher than 2.5 cP to thus form a suspension, classifying the suspension to give a classified suspension, and then blending the classified suspension with a second liquid having a viscosity value, as determined at 20° C., of not less than 4 cP.

Abstract: The present invention provides compositions and methods for the use of oil-containing materials as feedstocks for the production the bioproducts by biofermentation. In one preferred embodiment, surfactants are not used in compositions and the methods of the invention. In one preferred embodiment the oil-containing feedstocks are the by-products of other industrial processes including microbial, plant and animal oil processing.

Abstract: A method including: (a) selectively reacting a first sugar in a mixture which includes at least one second sugar to form a product mixture comprising a product of said first sugar; (b) separating said product of said first sugar from said product mixture; and (c) separating at least one of said at least one second sugar from said product mixture.

Abstract: Improved methods for the separation and isolation of bioactive polyelectrolytes, such as humic acid, fulvic acid, ulmic acid, and humin, from any one or a combination of naturally occurring or synthetically produced humified organic matter (HOM) are described. The methods involve the application of an electromagnetic field to an aqueous slurry of the HOM to thereby separate one or more bioactive polyelectrolyte fractions from the remaining of the HOM. Related systems and isolated bioactive polyelectrolyte fractions are also described.

Abstract: Solutions of cellulose or cellulose ethers in solvent containing triethylheptylammonium chloride, triethyloctylammonium chloride, triethylhexylammonium acetate, triethylheptylammonium acetate, triethyloctylammonium acetate, triethylnonylammonium acetate and/or triethyldecylammonium acetate are provided. The solvent may further include up to 70 wt % of at least one organic solvent, with acetone being the preferred organic solvent. The solution can be formed into a paste for removing paint from wood or metal surfaces. The cellulose (ether) solution can also serve as a reaction medium in which the cellulose and/or the cellulose ether are chemically modified. Finally, the cellulose (ether) solution can be processed into cellulosic shaped articles.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for preparing an aqueous solution of glyoxylic acid by oxidation of an aqueous solution of glyoxal with oxygen or a gas containing oxygen, in the presence of a catalytic quantity of nitric acid and/or at least one nitrogen oxide, a strong acid not oxidizing glyoxal, and by maintaining conditions satisfying the equation KLa/Q>10, where KLa is the total volumetric mass transfer coefficient and Q is the heat load liberated by the reaction per mole of glyoxal.

Abstract: A combination of calixarene bisphosphite ligand and an organophosphine ligand. The combination can be employed with a catalytic metal to form a complex catalyst. The catalyst can be employed in ahydroforaiylation process for producing a mixture of aldehydes.

Abstract: Provided is an organic nanotube having a hydrophobized inner surface, formed by molecules including an asymmetric bipolar lipid molecule represented by the following General Formula (1) and a derivative thereof represented by the following General Formula (2), wherein the organic nanotube has a hydrophilized outer surface and a hydrophobized inner surface of a hollow cylinder and is formed by binary self-assembly, the organic nanotube encapsulates a hydrophobic guest in the hollow cylinder, has a function of refolding a denatured protein, and has a function of sustainably-releasing a hydrophobic drug according to the change in hydrophobicity of the inner surface of the tube or external stimulus, In Formulas (1) and (2), wherein the same symbols have the same meanings, G is a 1-glucopyranosyl group or 2-glucopyranosyl group, and n is an integer of 12 to 22.

Abstract: A composition comprising a polyhydroxyoxoaluminum cation detectable at 76 ppm by 27Al NMR that is present in a relative abundance on a 27Al NMR spectrograph that is greater than any other polyhydroxyoxoaluminum cation detectable by 27Al NMR. Also, disclosed are methods of making the composition.

Abstract: A method for preventing the formation of gas hydrates in an aqueous phase by adding esters of pyroglutamic acid in the quantities of from 0.01 to 2% by weight. The esters of pyroglutamic acid produced by esterifying at least one alcohols, comprising from 1 to 100 hydroxyl groups with pyroglutamic acid and/or glutamic acid, wherein the alcohol has no more than one ester group or no more than one carboxylic acid group.

Abstract: A hydrogel that includes an aqueous solution or an alcohol aqueous solution, and a hydrogelator containing a lipid peptide represented by Formula (1), or a pharmaceutically usable salt thereof. In Formula (1), R1 represents an aliphatic group having 9 to 21 carbon atoms; R2, R3, and R4 independently represent a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms that optionally has a branched chain having 1 or 2 carbon atoms, a phenylmethyl group, or a —(CH2)n—X group, and at least one of R2, R3, and R4 represents a —(CH2)n—X group; n represents an integer from 1 to 4; and X represents an amino group, a guanidino group, a —CONH2 group, or a 5-membered ring, a 6-membered ring or a fused heterocyclic ring composed of a 5-membered ring and a 6-membered ring that optionally has 1 to 3 nitrogen atoms.

Abstract: This invention discloses a process and composition for stimulating the production of hyaluronic acid. The mentioned process comprises reacting fibroblast cell with ascorbic acid derivatives. This invention provides a not only easy and un-expensive but also more efficient method for preparing safe hyaluronic acid by stimulatory in vitro.

Abstract: To provide a treatment agent for asbestos, which has a less influence on human body, the construction and the surrounding environment and can render the asbestos harmless evenly up to the inside of the bulky covering materials, which cover the wall, or the slate materials, and a treatment method of the asbestos using the same. A treatment agent for asbestos, which contains phosphoric acid of 0.5 through 3.0% by weight, hydrogen peroxide of 1 through 20% by weight, alcohol of 0.5 through 20% by weight and pure water and a treatment method of the asbestos using the same are described.

Abstract: The invention relates to a preform intended for the manufacture of a metal foam having a porosity of between 62% and 85%, wherein it includes a set of precursors in the form of balls formed of a mixture of 12% to 25% of organic binder, 72% to 87% of sodium chloride and 1 to 3% of kalinite, the precursors have a diameter of around 1 to 10 mm and preferably of 4 mm and said precursors are obtained by granulating the mixture using the fluidized bed process.

Abstract: An enhancing reagent for enhancing chemiluminescence of 1,2-dioxetane compounds and a method for using the enhancing reagent to enhance the chemiluminescence are provided, in which the enhancing reagent contains an alkyl bis-quaternary ammonium salt of Formula I. A chemiluminescent composition with a 1,2-dioxetane compound as a substrate and a kit thereof are further provided, which contain a 1,2-dioxetane compound and an alkyl bis-quaternary ammonium salt of Formula I.

Abstract: The present invention relates to processes and systems for the production of fermentation products such as alcohols. The present invention also provides methods for separating feed stream components for improved biomass processing and productivity.

Abstract: A urea compound of the present invention is represented by general formula (I) shown below: wherein each of X1, X2 and X3 independently represents a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group or an aryl group. The aryl group may have one or more functional groups selected from the group consisting of halogen groups, alkyl groups and alkoxy groups.

Abstract: A process including at least one reactive trituration step which includes putting an oil cake including from 3% to 30% oil in contact with an anhydrous light alcohol and an alkaline catalyst under temperature and time conditions that are sufficient to allow for the extraction and transesterification of the vegetable oil and lead to the production of a mixture including fatty acid esters and glycerol, and a de-oiled cake including less than 3% oil. Also, a detoxified de-oiled cake as well as to a mixture of fatty acid esters with improved stability and resistance to oxidation.

Abstract: Embodiments herein concern compositions, methods and uses for extracting target compounds from suspension cultures. In certain embodiments, suspension cultures may comprise algal cultures. In some embodiments, compositions and methods include agglomerating ground and dried biomass from a suspension culture prior to extracting target compounds from the culture.

Abstract: The purpose of the present invention is to provide a dialysis agent A, which is able to set the total acetate ion content in the dialysate to a low value, excellent in storage stability of glucose, able to reduce the acetic acid odor, and able to suppress the corrosion of the dialysate delivery system and the dialysis machine, as well as to provide a two pack type dialysis agent utilizing the dialysis agent A. In the dialysis agent A used in the preparation of a bicarbonate dialysate, which is used as one part of a two pack type dialysis agent, it becomes possible to prepare a bicarbonate dialysate having the total acetate ion concentration of between 2 mEq/L or more and less than 6 mEq/L by allowing to include glucose, acetic acid and acetate salt and to satisfy the molar ratio of 1:0.5 to 2 of acetic acid and acetate salt, and include acetic acid and acetate salt in a total amount of between 2 mEq or more and less than 6 mEq in the dialysis agent A required to prepare 1 L of the bicarbonate dialysate.

Abstract: The invention relates to an ionic liquid composition and a method for preparing the ionic liquid. The ionic liquid comprises a cation containing the Formula I, as herein disclosed, and wherein: n is 2, R1 is selected from the group consisting of: H, C1-C12 alkyl, aryl or together with R2 may form a heterocyclic ring, and R2 is selected from the group consisting of: H, C1-C12 alkyl, aryl or together with R1 may form a heterocyclic ring, and R3 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen and C1-C12 alkyl, and wherein R1 and R2 are not simultaneously selected from hydrogen.

Abstract: There is provided, in one form, a method for at least partially deactivating a sulfur species from a stream, such as but not limited to a hydrocarbon stream, an aqueous stream, and mixtures thereof. A treating mixture may be introduced into the stream in an amount effective to at least partially deactivate the sulfur species from the stream. The treating mixture may include a compound having the general formula: and combinations thereof. R1 may be a C1-C4 hydrocarbyl group. R2 may be a C1-C4 hydrocarbyl group that is the same or different as R1. R3 may be an ethanol or an isopropanol moiety. R4 may be an ethylene oxide moiety, propylene oxide moiety, butylene oxide moiety, and combinations thereof. n may be an integer from 1 to 100. M may be a hydrogen or a metal ion.

Abstract: This invention concerns microorganisms, to be precise Archaea, which, in case of cultivation at 25° C., indicate unsaturated ether lipids in quantities of at least 10% with reference to the total amount of ether lipids. In a further aspect, this invention is directed towards microorganisms within the Archaea, in particular from those of the class halomebacteria, in particular the order of Halobacteriales, in particular the family Halobacteriaceae, in particular the genus Haloarcula and Haloferax containing lipid compositions. These lipid compositions, in particular liposomes, are characterized by the presence of large quantities of unsaturated ether lipids. In a further aspect, the existing invention concerns a process for the extraction of these unsaturated ether lipids from the designated Archaea.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a method for identifying compounds contributing to a sour odor emitting from an air conditioner, a method for artificially reproducing the detected sour odor and preparing a corresponding sour odor composition. Through the analysis method of the present invention, the compounds contributing to the sour odor emitted from an air conditioner may be identified and quantified. The detected sour odor may be reproduced from a combination of the compounds identified by the analysis method of the present invention. The reproduced sour odor may provide meaningful data required for development of an apparatus and a method for removing specific odors.

Abstract: A surfactant composition selected from the group consisting of; (R1O)CH2CH(OCH2CH2)1-20OHCH2(OR2) and mixtures thereof; wherein at least one of R1 and R2 are secondary alkyl groups including from 3 to 9 Carbon atoms; an aqueous coating composition including an aqueous polymeric dispersion; and certain other compositions including the surfactant composition are provided. Also provided is a method for forming a coating.

Abstract: Accelerator composition for a rubber latex derived from a conjugated diene and optionally a vinyl aromatic comonomer including: (i) a diisopropyl xanthogen polysulphide (DIXP), (ii) an alkyldithiocarbamate wherein the alkyl chain contains from 5 to 20 carbon atoms, and (iii) diphenylguanidine (DPG), a curable aqueous synthetic rubber latex composition including said accelerator composition, a process for the water-based solvent-free manufacture of synthetic shaped synthetic elastomeric articles, prepared by using the accelerator composition.