Abstract: A process for removing CO2 from a CO2 containing gas stream in which the CO2 containing gas stream is contacted with an aqueous ammonium solution. The aqueous ammonia solution comprises 0.1-40% w/v, v/v/w/w ammonia, and a soluble salt at a concentration range of 0.01%-10% wt or v/v or w/v, the soluble salt having cations selected from the group of group IA, IIA, IIIA and IVA metals with counter anions selected from the group of anion of group VIIA elements, NO3?, SO42?, OH?, PO43? and HCO3?. The invention also extends to a CO2 capture solvent comprising an aqueous ammonia solution and the above soluble salt.

Abstract: This invention provides novel compositions comprising substituted polyamines as acid gas scrubbing solutions and methods of using the compositions in an industrial system. The invention relates to the use of such polyamine compounds in industrial processes to remove acidic contaminants from natural and industrial fluid streams, such as natural gas, combustion gas, natural gas, synthesis gas, biogas, and other industrial fluid streams. The compositions and methods of the invention are useful for removal, absorption, or sequestration of acidic contaminants and sulfide contaminants including CO2, H2S, RSH, CS2, COS, and SO2.

Abstract: Methods and systems for reducing mercury emissions from fluid streams are provided herein, as are adsorbent materials having high volumetric iodine numbers.

Abstract: An absorption medium for removing acid gases from a fluid stream comprises an aqueous solution of A) at least one cyclic amine compound having solely tertiary amine groups and/or sterically hindered secondary amine groups and B) at least one cyclic amine compound having at least one sterically unhindered secondary amine group. The absorption medium comprises, e.g., an aqueous solution of A) 1-hydroxyethylpiperidine and/or triethylenediamine and B) piperazine. The absorption medium is particularly suitable for separating off carbon dioxide from flue gases and satisfies the following criteria: (i) sufficient capacity at low CO2 partial pressures; (ii) sufficiently rapid absorption rate at low CO2 partial pressures; (iii) stability toward oxygen; (iv) low vapor pressure for reducing solvent losses; and (v) low energy requirement for regeneration of the absorption medium.

Abstract: An absorbent according to the present invention absorbs CO2 or H2S contained in flue gas emitted from a power generating plant such as a thermal plant, and contains three or more amine compounds selected from linear or cyclic amine compounds having a primary amino group, and linear or cyclic amine compounds having a secondary amino group. By way of a synergetic effect of the mixture of these compounds, the absorption speed of CO2 or H2S absorption is improved. A small amount of CO2 contained in a large amount of boiler flue gas can be absorbed efficiently.

Abstract: Improved CO2 sorbents comprised of a mesoporous silica functionalized with a polyamine are obtained by the in-situ polymerization of azetidine. Also included herein are processes utilizing the improved CO2 sorbents wherein CO2 is chemisorbed onto the polyamine portion of the sorbent and the process is thermally reversible.

Abstract: The invention relates to the use of a liquid, containing 0.1 to 100% of an amine or several amines of formula H2N—CH2(CHR2)x—(OCH2(CHR3)y)z—OR1, where R1=C1 to C6 alkyl, R2=H or CH3, R3=H or CH3, x=0 to 3, y=0 to 3, z=0 to 10 and 0 to 99.9% of any further solvent including piperazine and/or water for separating acid gas components from technical gases.

Abstract: A process for the selective absorption of acidic components from normally gaseous hydrocarbon mixtures using an aqueous amine absorbent solution comprising an antioxidant and a non-detergent co-solvent for the amine and the antioxidant.

Abstract: Provided is an electrode mix for a secondary battery containing an electrode active material, comprising a PVA having a degree of polymerization of more than 2500 and a degree of saponification of more than 90% as a binder, and a lithium secondary battery comprising the same. Use of the binder according to the present invention can provide advantageous effects such as improved adhesive strength between the electrode mix and current collector and between the electrode mixes, prevention of the peeling and separation of the active material even after repeated charge/discharge cycles, and inhibition of decreases in the capacity or output power retention rate of the secondary battery.

Abstract: A sulfur dioxide reducing composition for reducing the headspace concentration of sulfur dioxide in fruit packages includes a sulfur dioxide absorber having pores sized to retain sulfur dioxide therein and a clinching absorber on the sulfur dioxide absorber with which the sulfur dioxide reacts irreversibly with the sulfur dioxide.

Abstract: The present invention provides a process for removing mercaptans from a gas stream. In the process, a first mercaptan-comprising gas stream comprising at least a mercaptan of the general formula: R1—SH, wherein R1 is an alkyl group comprising 1 to 4 carbon atoms, and an acid component is contacted with an absorption medium to obtain a mercaptan-depleted gas stream. The absorption medium includes a substituted disulphide and a base. The substituted disulphide is of the general formula R2—SS—R3, wherein R2 and R3 are carbon comprising substituents of which the corresponding R2—SH and R3—SH thiols have a vapour pressure below the vapour pressure of any R1—SH thiol, and at least one of R2 and R3 is an electron withdrawing group.

Abstract: A multi-component scavenging system containing at least one ester and at least one electron-deficient organic compound, together with or without one or more optional components such as an aldehyde having from 4 to 20 carbon atoms, a ketone having from 4 to 20 carbon atoms, an ether, a solvent, an alkali metal salt of an alkyl or dialkyl phenol, an epoxide, an alkyl anhydride, and mixtures thereof, may be used to scavenge contaminants from hydrocarbon and/or aqueous streams. The contaminants scavenged or otherwise removed may include, but are not necessarily limited to, ammonia, primary amines, secondary or tertiary amines, H2S, mercaptans, sulfide cyanides, and combinations thereof.

Abstract: Provided are methods using a ketoxime in metal extraction. One aspect of the invention relates to a method for the recovery of metal from a metal-containing aqueous solution at an elevated temperature using a ketoxime. Another aspect relates to a method of separating iron/copper using a specific ketoxime. Aldoximes may also be added to the reagent compositions used in these methods.

Abstract: A tunable species removal media including a polymer-impregnated porous material with the introduction of heteroatoms into the porous material during the synthesis of the oxide support. The polymer can be poly(ethyleneimine) (PEI), the porous material a framework of silica nanoparticles, and the heteroatoms selected from Zr, Ti, Fe, Ce, Al, B, Ga, Co, Ca, P, and Ni. The media has a CO2 adsorption of greater than 0.19 mmol CO2/g when exposed to a 400 ppm CO2/Ar flow at a rate of 100 mL/min, and can also have a CO2 adsorption of greater than 0.65 mmol CO2/g when exposed to a 10% CO2/Ar flow at a rate of 100 mL/min. The media can have a heteroatom/Si molar ratio greater than or equal to 0.002.

Abstract: Dry processes, apparatus, compositions and systems are provided for reducing emissions of mercury and optionally sulfur oxides and/or HCl. In an embodiment the copper-based mercury remediation composition comprises a copper ammonium complex having an empirical formula of C2H7CuNO2 or any of the other materials described, which include compositions defined by the formula Cu(NH3)x((lower carboxylate)y, wherein the lower carboxylate is selected from the group consisting of formate, acetate and propionate, x is an integer from 0 to 4, y is an integer from 0 to 2, and x+y is equal to or greater than 1. Sulfur oxides and/or HCl can be additionally reduced by introduction of dolomite hydrate sorbent, and additional mercury remediation chemicals as manganese oxides can be employed. The treated gas stream is treated with a particulate removal device.

Abstract: Porous polymeric networks and composite materials comprising metal nanoparticles distributed in the polymeric networks are provided. Also provided are methods for using the polymeric networks and the composite materials in liquid- and vapor-phase waste remediation applications. The porous polymeric networks, are highly porous, three-dimensional structures characterized by high surface areas. The polymeric networks comprise polymers polymerized from aldehydes and phenolic molecules.

Abstract: A solvent for selective absorption of CO2 from the flue gas from a combustion plant is provided. The solvent includes an aqueous solution of a secondary amino acid salt as an active scrubbing substance and an additive, the additive including a primary amino acid salt. A process for providing an absorption liquid is also provided as well as a process for activating a solvent.

Abstract: One aspect of the present invention relates to salts that are room-temperature ionic liquids (RTILs), methods of making them, and methods of using them in connection with temporary or permanent gas sequestration. Another aspect of the present invention relates to a class of solvents which can be transformed into RTILs by exposure to a gas, and methods of using them in connection with temporary or permanent gas sequestration.

Abstract: Provided is one of labels 101, 120, 130 and 140, top layer materials formed on a printing medium 201, 246 and 266, information-bearing media 301, 330, 350 and 360, a solid fuel 401, and a wristband clip 510, having the function of absorbing carbon dioxide to which a new carbon dioxide absorbent is added. Provided are also carbon dioxide reduction methods of absorbing carbon dioxide by burning the same.

Abstract: A composition for forming a carbon dioxide separation membrane, which includes a water-absorbing polymer, a carbon dioxide carrier, and a polysaccharide, is disclosed.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a process for producing a nano calcium carbonate slurry from a feedstock of waste gypsum, wherein: an aqueous gypsum slurry of the feedstock is mixed with ammonia water by stirring; with CO2 injected in the slurry is under continuous stirring until the calcium sulfate in the waste gypsum is completely carbonated into nano calcium carbonate; after filtration, the filter cake is dispersed in water to obtain the nano calcium carbonate slurry. This process is easy to operate and to obtain a low-cost and a lower decomposition temperature of calcium carbonate. The present invention also discloses a nano calcium carbonate slurry and its application in preparation of a CaO-based carbon dioxide adsorbent and complex catalyst used for a reactive sorption enhanced reforming process for hydrogen production from methane.

Abstract: A system, sorbent formulations, methods of preparation, and methods are described that provide selective sorption and release of CO2 from CO2-containing gases such as syngas. The sorbent may include magnesium oxide (MgO) and a group-I alkali metal nitrate. The sorbent may also include a group-I alkali metal carbonate and/or a group-II alkaline-earth metal carbonate.

Abstract: A method of modifying a chemical interaction between a functional group of an immobilized amine in a solid sorbent composition and a compound that chemically interacts with the functional group to reduce the heat required to desorb the compound from the solid sorbent. A method of inhibiting degradation of an immobilized amine in an immobilized amine solid sorbent. Compositions and methods of use of a low-cost regenerable immobilized amine solid sorbent resistant to degradation.

Abstract: The present disclosure generally relates to dry solid matrices for the extraction, stabilization, and storage of nucleic acids, particularly RNA, in a dry format under ambient conditions for a prolonged period of time. Methods for collecting and recovering the nucleic acids stored in the dry solid matrix are also described.

Abstract: In an embodiment, a CO2 recovery system has an absorber, a regenerator, and a circulation device. An absorption liquid has an aqueous solution of amine having an alcohol group, and dimethyl silicone oil in which a part of methyl groups is substituted by at least one type selected from an aminoalkyl group, a carboxyl group, and a hydroxyl-containing alkyl group. The absorber contacts a combustion exhaust gas of a fossil fuel and the absorption liquid to absorb CO2, which is contained in the combustion exhaust gas, into the absorption liquid. The regenerator releases CO2 by applying thermal energy to the CO2-absorbed absorption liquid. A circulation device circulates the absorption liquid between the absorber and the regenerator.

Abstract: A composite structure for capturing a gaseous electrophilic species, the composite structure comprising mesoporous refractory sorbent particles on which an ionic liquid is covalently attached, wherein said ionic liquid includes an accessible functional group that is capable of binding to said gaseous electrophilic species. In particular embodiments, the mesoporous sorbent particles are contained within refractory hollow fibers. Also described is a method for capturing a gaseous electrophilic species by use of the above-described composite structure, wherein the gaseous electrophilic species is contacted with the composite structure.

Abstract: Amine compositions comprising sterically hindered amines and associated methods are provided. In some embodiments, amine compositions of the present disclosure may be useful for selective removal of H2S from an acidic gas stream.

Abstract: The degradation of an absorbent solution comprising organic compounds provided with an amine function in aqueous solution is reduced considerably in the presence of a small amount of degradation inhibiting additives whose structure comprises a 5-atom heterocycle composed of a nitrogen atom, a sulfur atom or an oxygen atom, and 3 carbon atoms, at least one of which is joined to a sulfur atom not belonging to the ring. The absorbent solution is employed for deacidifying a gaseous effluent.

Abstract: Absorption media for separating acidic gases such as C02 from a gas stream are disclosed. In some embodiments, the Absorption media include a solution of water, at least piperazine or a derivative of piperazine, and at least one alkali ion. The at least one alkali ion may be potassium. Methods and apparatus for separating acidic gases from a gas stream using such absorption media are also disclosed.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is an agglomeration-resistant desulfurizing product for removing contaminants from a fluid stream. The agglomeration-resistant desulfurizing product comprising a metal oxide composition for reacting with contaminants and a polymeric crystallization inhibitor for reducing the agglomeration of the desulfurizing product resulting from using the desulfurizing product. A method to produce the agglomeration-resistant desulfurizing product and a method to treat a fluid stream is also disclosed.

Abstract: This invention provides brominated sorbent compositions which are brominated inorganic sorbents having about 0.5 wt % to about 20 wt % bromine therein, based on the total weight of the brominated inorganic sorbent. Methods for preparing brominated sorbent compositions are also provided, as are methods for reducing mercury emissions employing brominated sorbents. In the methods for preparing the brominated inorganic sorbents, the bromine source is elemental bromine and/or hydrogen bromide.

Abstract: A hydrotalcite-like substance capable of ion exchange with target anions, being of small crystal size that exhibits large basal spacing and excels at anion exchange performance; a process for producing the same; and a method of immobilizing hazardous substances. The hydrotalcite-like substance is produced by mixing an acidic solution containing aluminum and magnesium ions with an alkaline solution containing an alkali to synthesize a hydrotalcite-like substance, followed by, without ageing, water removal or neutralization. The molar ratio of aluminum ions and magnesium ions is preferably in the range of 1:5 to 1:2. Hazardous substances can be immobilized by pulverizing the hydrotalcite-like substance after synthesis and adding the powder to a subject, or adding a hydrotalcite-like substance in slurry form to a subject, or carrying out addition so as to cause the synthesis directly at the position of the subject.

Abstract: A sulfur dioxide absorbent comprising an ionic liquid comprised of alkyl ether-substituted imidazolium cation and an alkanesulfonate anion moieties possesses a high thermal/chemical stability, high SO2 absorption rate and low regeneration temperature, and is useful for an effective separation of SO2 from a combustion exhaust gas mixture or the like.

Abstract: An granular composition for absorbing liquids, the composition comprising perlite, super-absorbent polymer, a pH-indicating dye, and a minor amount of water. According to one preferred embodiment of the invention, the subject composition comprises about 80 weight percent perlite, about 5 weight percent SAP, about 0.0125 weight percent pH indicating dye (most preferably phenolphthalein), and from about 7 to about 9 weight percent water in the final product.

Abstract: A system for extracting bitumen from oil sands includes an extractor tank having a reaction chamber. An input port is provided at the upper end of the extractor tank for the purpose of introducing oil sand into the reaction chamber. A liquid extractant is heated and then pumped, under pressure, into the reaction chamber through a plurality of jet inlets to suspend the oil sand in the extractant, as a fluidized bed inside the reaction chamber. After reactions, an extract that contains both extractant (solvent) and bitumen, is separated from the sand. A vibratory centrifuge is connected to an outflow port of the extractor tank to receive the sand and remove any residual extractant from the sand. An evaporator and distillation column are provided to remove the extract from the reaction chamber and separate the extractant from the bitumen.

Abstract: An ionic liquid solvent and gas purification method using the same are provided. The ionic liquid solvent consists of a main absorbent, a regulator for the main absorbent, an auxiliary absorbent, an activator, an antioxidant and water. The ionic liquid involves a low synthetic cost, low viscosity and high absorption capacity, and can be easily regenerated and recycled. The method, compared with traditional processes, has advantages such as a greater absorption capability and lower operation cost.

Abstract: The carbon dioxide adsorbent composition relates to a material that will adsorb carbon dioxide gas from the atmosphere and that is made by the treatment of oil fly ash with ammonium hydroxide. In order to make the carbon dioxide adsorbent, oil fly ash is first mixed with ammonium hydroxide. This mixture is then refluxed and cooled. Additional ammonium hydroxide is added to the cooled mixture of oil fly ash and ammonium hydroxide to form a secondary mixture. This forms an amine-functionalized fly ash composition, which is then filtered from the secondary mixture to be used as a carbon dioxide adsorbent composition. The carbon dioxide adsorbent composition is then dried and may be used as a carbon dioxide adsorbent for gas streams, such as flues and exhaust systems, containing carbon dioxide.

Abstract: An odor filtration media having a chemical reagent which removes odor causing fluid contaminants from a fluid stream through the use of granular or shaped media have a chemical composition including permanganate is provided. A method of producing the odor absorbing media having a chemical reagent is also provided and comprises the steps of mixing H2O, KMnO4, and at least one salt adding ions or ionic compounds selected from the group consisting of Na+, Li+, K+, NH4+, Cl?, SO42?, BO32?, CO32?, PO43?, NO3? and combinations thereof, or from the group consisting of Na+, Li+, K+, NH4+, Mg2+, Ca2+, Cl?, BO32?, NO3? and combinations thereof, forming an impregnating solution. The impregnating solution is heated and combined with a support material to form a coherent mass.

Abstract: CO2 is absorbed from a gas mixture by contacting the gas mixture with an absorption medium which comprises at least water as solvent and at least one amine of formula (I) where R1 is an aliphatic radical, having 2 to 6 carbon atoms and at least one amino group, and R2 is hydrogen, a C1-4 alkyl radical or a radical R1.

Abstract: The invention relates to a filter granulate for binding constituents of a gas flow, comprising filter particles which have the following components: a) a component for the physisorption of constituents, b) a component for the chemisorption of constituents, c) a component for the dissolving of oil constituents.

Abstract: This invention provides novel compositions comprising substituted polyamines as acid gas scrubbing solutions and methods of using the compositions in an industrial system. The invention relates to the use of such polyamine compounds in industrial processes to remove acidic contaminants from natural and industrial fluid streams, such as natural gas, combustion gas, natural gas, synthesis gas, biogas, and other industrial fluid streams. The compositions and methods of the invention are useful for removal, absorption, or sequestration of acidic contaminants and sulfide contaminants including CO2, H2S, RSH, CS2, COS, and SO.

Abstract: The present invention relates to hydrogen sulfide scavenging additive composition comprising glyoxal and a polymer compound which is polymer made from propylene oxide, which is capable of scavenging or removing hydrogen sulfide in hydrocarbons or hydrocarbon streams without causing any problem. The present invention is also relates to a method of scavenging hydrogen sulfide employing present scavenging additive composition comprising glyoxal and a polymer compound which is polymer made from propylene oxide. The present invention is also relates to a method of using hydrogen sulfide scavenging additive composition comprising glyoxal and a polymer compound which is polymer made from propylene oxide.

Abstract: Concentrate for a dialysis liquid, at least comprising one acid and one physiologically acceptable electrolyte, characterized in that the acid comprises at least one acidic ion exchanger or is an acidic ion exchanger.

Abstract: A liquid aminoether acid gas absorbent which is subject to freezing in a cold climatic zone though which the aminoether is to be shipped is rendered freeze-resistant by mixing the aminoether with water prior to transport through the cold climatic zone; the aminoether/water mixture typically contains 10 to 40 weight percent water, based on the weight of the aminoether. The aminoether/water mixture can also be stored in the cold climatic zone without being externally maintained at a temperature above the inherent freezing point of the aminoether.

Abstract: The present disclosure describes the efficient use of a catalyst, an enzyme for example, to provide suitable real cyclic capacity to a solvent otherwise limited by its ability to absorb and maintain a high concentration of CO2 captured from flue gas. This invention can apply to non-promoted as well as promoted solvents and to solvents with a broad range of enthalpy of reaction.

Abstract: The invention is directed to an ionic liquid comprising (i) a cationic portion containing a complex of a silver (I) ion and one or more neutral ligands selected from organoamides, organoamines, olefins, and organonitriles, and (ii) an anionic portion having the chemical formula wherein m and n are independently 0 or an integer of 1 or above, and p is 0 or 1, provided that when p is 0, the group —N—SO2—(CF2)nCF3 subtended by p is replaced with an oxide atom connected to the shown sulfur atom. The invention is also directed to a method for separating an olefin from an olefin-paraffin mixture by passing the mixture through a layer of the ionic liquid described above.

Abstract: Antibodies and antibody fragments that selectively bind to nanoparticles are provided herein.

Abstract: An adsorbent for carbon dioxide may include an inorganic oxide porous structure having a plurality of mesopores and an active compound bound to the surface of the mesopores. The active compound may be selected from an alkali metal-containing compound, an alkaline-earth metal-containing compound, and a combination thereof. Various example embodiments also relate to a method of preparing the adsorbent for carbon dioxide and a capture module for carbon dioxide including the adsorbent for carbon dioxide.

Abstract: Novel material for chromatographic separations, processes for its preparation, and separation devices containing the chromatographic material. In particular, the novel materials are porous silicon oxynitride materials, which desirably can be surface modified and have enhanced stability at high pH. The novel porous silicon oxynitride material may offer efficient chromatographic separations, and hold great promise as packing material for chromatographic separations.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a separation medium comprising rotary dried or spray dried precipitated silica. The silica has a pore surface area P wherein log10 P>2.2, and the ratio of BET to CTAB is at least 1.0 measured prior to any surface modification of the silica. The present invention is further directed to a method of separating suspended or dissolved materials from a fluid stream, comprising contacting the stream with the separation medium described above.