Abstract: Miniaturization and acceleration of the operating speed of a System In Package (SIP) type semiconductor device in which a memory chip and a microcomputer chip are mounted over a wiring board are promoted. When mounting a microcomputer chip and a memory chip over an upper surface of a wiring board, the memory chip is disposed such that second conductive pads of the wiring board arranged along a first chip side (a side along which data system electrode pads are arranged) of the memory chip are positioned, in the plan view, in a region between an extended line of a third chip side of the microcomputer chip and an extended line of a fourth chip side of the microcomputer chip. Thus, a length of a data system wiring for coupling a data system electrode pad of the microcomputer chip with the data system electrode pad of the memory chip is minimized.

Abstract: A method of manufacture of an integrated circuit packaging system includes: forming a post of multiple plating layers having a base end with an inward protrusion, a connect riser, and a top end opposite the base end; positioning an integrated circuit device having a perimeter end facing the connect riser and the inward protrusion; attaching a bond wire directly on the inward protrusion and the integrated circuit device; and applying an encapsulation over the integrated circuit device, the bond wire, the inward protrusion, and around the post, the encapsulation exposing a portion of the base end and the top end of the post.

Abstract: At least one metal adhesion layer is formed on at least a Cu surface of a first device wafer. A second device wafer having another Cu surface is positioned atop the Cu surface of the first device wafer and on the at least one metal adhesion layer. The first and second device wafers are then bonded together. The bonding includes heating the devices wafers to a temperature of less than 400° C., with or without, application of an external applied pressure. During the heating, the two Cu surfaces are bonded together and the at least one metal adhesion layer gets oxygen atoms from the two Cu surfaces and forms at least one metal oxide bonding layer between the Cu surfaces.

Abstract: An embodiment of an apparatus is disclosed. This embodiment of the apparatus includes an interposer, a first die stack, a second die stack, a third die stack, and a fourth die stack which are all coupled to the interposer. The interposer provides a common base for and a stratum of each of the first die stack, the second die stack, the third die stack, and the fourth die stack. The first die stack includes an optical engine. The optical engine includes at least one optical engine die. The second die stack includes a plurality of programmable resource dies. The third die stack includes at least one memory die. The fourth die stack includes a serializer-deserializer die.

Abstract: A PoP (package-on-package) package includes a bottom package with a substrate encapsulated in an encapsulant with a die coupled to the top of the substrate. At least a portion of the die is exposed above the encapsulant on the bottom package substrate. A top package includes a substrate with encapsulant on both the frontside and the backside of the substrate. The backside of the top package substrate is coupled to the topside of the bottom package substrate with at least part of the die being located in a recess in the encapsulant on the backside of the top package substrate.

Abstract: A memory device has a laminated chip package and a controller plate. In the laminated chip package, a plurality of memory chips are laminated. An interposed chip is laminated between the laminated chip package and the controller plate. A plurality of opposing wiring electrodes are formed at an opposing surface of the controller plate. A plurality of outside wiring electrodes are formed on the rear side of the opposing surface. Connection electrodes connecting the opposing wiring electrodes and the outside wiring electrodes are formed on the side surface of the controller plate. The interposed chip has a plurality of interposed wiring electrodes. The plurality of interposed wiring electrodes are formed with a common arrangement pattern common with an arrangement pattern of the plurality of opposing wiring electrodes. The controller plate is laid on the interposed chip.

Abstract: A mountable integrated circuit package system includes: mounting an integrated circuit die over a package carrier; connecting a first internal interconnect between the integrated circuit die and the package carrier; and forming a package encapsulation over the package carrier and the first internal interconnect, with the integrated circuit die partially exposed within a recess of the package encapsulation.

Abstract: A package stack device includes a first package structure having a plurality of first metal posts and a first electronic element disposed on a surface thereof, a second package structure having a plurality of second metal posts and a second electronic element disposed on opposite surfaces thereof, and an encapsulant formed between the first and second package structures for encapsulating the first electronic element. By connecting the first and second metal posts, the second package structure is stacked on the first package structure with the support of the metal posts and the encapsulant filling the gap therebetween so as to prevent warpage of the substrate.

Abstract: The invention pertains to a method for manufacturing a microelectronic device on a substrate comprising at least one first electrical component and one second electrical component distributed respectively in first and second levels stacked one on top of the other on the substrate, this method comprising: the manufacture of at least one first arm and one second arm of different lengths, each of these arms directly and mechanically linking an electrical pad to a fixed anchoring point on the substrate, and the electrical pad is made inside the first level and then shifted, prior to the electrical connection of the second component, to a position of connection wherein the upper face of the electrical pad is in contact with the interior of the second level parallel to the substrate.

Abstract: A microelectronic package can include a substrate and a microelectronic element having a face and one or more columns of contacts thereon which face and are joined to corresponding contacts on a surface of the substrate. An axial plane may intersect the face along a line in the first direction and centered relative to the columns of element contacts. Columns of package terminals can extend in the first direction. First terminals in a central region of the second surface can be configured to carry address information usable to determine an addressable memory location within the microelectronic element. The central region may have a width not more than three and one-half times a minimum pitch between the columns of package terminals. The axial plane can intersect the central region.

Abstract: A stackable microelectronic package includes a first microelectronic die attached to and electrically connecting with a first substrate. A second microelectronic die is attached to the first die on one side, and to a second substrate on the other side. Electrical connections are made between the first die and the first substrate, between the second die and the second substrate, and between the first and second substrates, e.g., via wire bonding. The electrical connecting elements are advantageously encased in a molding compound. Exposed contacts on the first and/or second substrates, not covered by the molding compound, provide for electrical connections between the package, and another package stacked onto the package. The package may avoid coplanarity factors, can be manufactured using existing equipment, allows for intermediate testing, and can also offer a thinner package height.

Abstract: Embodiments of the invention relate to a package-on-package (PoP) assembly comprising a top device package and a bottom device package interconnected by way of an electrically interconnected planar stiffener. Embodiments of the invention include a first semiconductor package having a plurality of inter-package contact pads and a plurality of second level interconnect (SLI) pads; a second semiconductor package having a plurality of SLI pads on the bottom side of the package; and a planar stiffener having a first plurality of planar contact pads on the top side of the stiffener electrically connected to the SLI pads of the second package, and a second plurality of planar contact pads electrically connected to the inter-package contact pads of the first package.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a layered chip package that includes a main body, and wiring disposed on a side surface of the main body. The main body includes a plurality of layer portions. The method includes fabricating a plurality of substructures, and completing the layered chip package by fabricating the main body using the plurality of substructures and by forming the wiring on the main body.

Abstract: Microelectronic devices, stacked microelectronic devices, and methods for manufacturing microelectronic devices are described herein. In one embodiment, a set of stacked microelectronic devices includes (a) a first microelectronic die having a first side and a second side opposite the first side, (b) a first substrate attached to the first side of the first microelectronic die and electrically coupled to the first microelectronic die, (c) a second substrate attached to the second side of the first microelectronic die, (d) a plurality of electrical couplers attached to the second substrate, (e) a third substrate coupled to the electrical couplers, and (f) a second microelectronic die attached to the third substrate. The electrical couplers are positioned such that at least some of the electrical couplers are inboard the first microelectronic die.

Abstract: A semiconductor die and semiconductor package formed therefrom, and methods of fabricating the semiconductor die and package, are disclosed. The semiconductor die includes an edge formed with a plurality of corrugations defined by protrusions between recesses. Bond pads may be formed on the protrusions. The semiconductor die formed in this manner may be stacked in the semiconductor package in staggered pairs so that the die bond pads on the protrusions of a lower die are positioned in the recesses of the upper die.

Abstract: A semiconductor package includes a substrate, a first semiconductor chip stacked on the substrate and a second semiconductor chip stacked on the first semiconductor chip. In the semiconductor package, the second semiconductor chip is rotated to be stacked on the first semiconductor chip. The semiconductor package is used in an electronic system.

Abstract: A semiconductor package is provided. The semiconductor package includes a package substrate, a plurality of semiconductor chips, and a plurality of connection terminals. The package substrate includes a center portion, which has a first recess with a portion of a top of the package substrate removed, and an edge portion that has a plurality of second recesses. Each second recess has a portion of a bottom of the package substrate removed. The plurality of semiconductor chips are mounted in the first recess, and the plurality of connection terminals are respectively disposed in the second recesses.

Abstract: A method of forming a semiconductor package includes attaching a semiconductor substrate on a support substrate, wherein the semiconductor substrate includes a plurality of first semiconductor chips and a chip cutting region that separates respective ones of the semiconductor chips. A first cutting groove is formed that has a first kerf width between first and second ones of the plurality of first semiconductor chips. A plurality of second semiconductor chips is attached to the plurality of first semiconductor chips. A molding layer is formed so as to fill the first cutting groove and a second cutting groove having a second kerf width that is less than the first kerf width is formed in the molding layer so as to form individual molding layers covering one of the plurality of first semiconductor chips and one of the plurality of second semiconductor chips.

Abstract: A method performed on a wafer having multiple chips each including a doped semiconductor and substrate involves etching an annulus trench, metalizing an inner and an outer perimeter side wall of the annulus trench, etching a via trench into the wafer, making a length of the via trench electrically conductive, thinning a surface of the substrate.

Abstract: Stacked microelectronic devices and methods for manufacturing such devices are disclosed herein. In one embodiment, a stacked microelectronic device assembly can include a first known good packaged microelectronic device including a first interposer substrate. A first die and a first through-casing interconnects are electrically coupled to the first interposer substrate. A first casing at least partially encapsulates the first device such that a portion of each first interconnect is accessible at a top portion of the first casing. A second known good packaged microelectronic device is coupled to the first device in a stacked configuration. The second device can include a second interposer substrate having a plurality of second interposer pads and a second die electrically coupled to the second interposer substrate. The exposed portions of the first interconnects are electrically coupled to corresponding second interposer pads.

Abstract: A stacked semiconductor package having a unit package, cover substrates, adhesive members and connection electrodes is presented. The unit package includes a substrate, a first circuit pattern and a second circuit pattern. The first circuit pattern is disposed over an upper face of the substrate. The second circuit pattern is disposed over a lower face of the substrate. The lower and upper faces of the substrate oppose each other. The first and second semiconductor chips are respectively electrically connected to the first and second circuit patterns. The cover substrates are opposed to the first semiconductor chip and the second semiconductor chip. The adhesive members are respectively interposed between the unit package and the cover substrates. The connection electrodes pass through the unit package, the cover substrates and the adhesive members and are electrically connected to the first and second circuit patterns.

Abstract: A chip stack package includes a plurality of chips that are stacked by using adhesive layers as intermediary media, and a through via electrode formed through the chips to electrically couple the chips. The through via electrode is classified as a power supply through via electrode, a ground through via electrode, or a signal transfer through via electrode. The power supply through via electrode and the ground through via electrode are formed of a first material such as copper, and the signal transfer through via electrode is formed of second material such as polycrystalline silicon doped with impurities. The signal transfer through via electrode may have a diametrically smaller cross section than that of each of the power supply through via electrode and the ground through via electrode regardless of their resistivities.

Abstract: A microelectronic package can include a substrate having first and second opposed surfaces and first and second apertures extending between the first and second surfaces, first and second microelectronic elements each having a surface facing the first surface of the substrate, a plurality of terminals exposed at the second surface in a central region thereof, and leads electrically connected between contacts of each microelectronic element and the terminals. The apertures can have first and second parallel axes extending in directions of the lengths of the respective apertures. The second surface can have a central region disposed between the first and second axes. Each microelectronic element can embody a greater number of active devices to provide memory storage array function than any other function. The terminals can be configured to carry all of the address signals transferred to the microelectronic package.

Abstract: A composite layered chip package includes first and second subpackages that are stacked. Each subpackage includes a main body and wiring. The main body includes: a main part having a top surface and a bottom surface; first terminals disposed on the top surface of the main part; and second terminals disposed on the bottom surface of the main part. The first and second terminals are electrically connected to the wiring. The first and second subpackages are arranged in a specific relative positional relationship, different from a reference relative positional relationship, with each other.

Abstract: A composite layered chip package includes a plurality of subpackages stacked on each other. Each subpackage includes a main body and wiring. The main body includes a main part including a plurality of layer portions, and further includes first terminals and second terminals that are disposed on top and bottom surfaces of the main part, respectively. The wiring is electrically connected to the first and second terminals. The number of the plurality of layer portions included in the main part is the same for all the plurality of subpackages, and the plurality of layer portions in every subpackage include at least one first-type layer portion. In each of at least two of the subpackages, the plurality of layer portions further include at least one second-type layer portion. The first-type layer portion includes a semiconductor chip connected to the wiring, whereas the second-type layer portion includes a semiconductor chip not connected to the wiring.

Abstract: A chip-to-chip multi-signaling communication system with common conductive layer, which comprises a first chip, a second chip, and a common conductive layer, is disclosed. The first chip has at least a first metal pad and a second metal pad. The second chip has at least a first metal pad and a second metal pad. The common conductive layer is to a conductive material and glued directly to the first chip and the second chip. Wherein, the first metal pad of the second chip is aligned with the first metal pad of the first chip for receiving the signal from the first metal pad of the first chip through the common conductive layer. The interference generated by other pads of the first and the second chips is suppressed by the design of the pads and the common conductive layer.

Abstract: A semiconductor device comprises a semiconductor layer having a semiconductor integrated circuit, which is for processing an electrical signal, on a semiconductor substrate and an optical interconnect layer for transmitting an optical signal are joined. Control of modulation of the optical signal transmitted in the optical interconnect layer is performed by an electrical signal from the semiconductor layer, and an electrical signal generated by reception of light in the optical interconnect layer is transmitted to the semiconductor layer. The optical interconnect layer is disposed on the underside of the semiconductor substrate.

Abstract: A method of manufacture of an integrated circuit packaging system includes: providing a substrate; attaching a device to the substrate; providing interconnects on the substrate; and forming a flexible tape substantially conformal to the device and contacting the interconnects.

Abstract: A semiconductor package structure includes: a substrate comprising a plurality of power supply balls on a first surface of the substrate, a first metal conductor on a second surface of the substrate and at least one via coupling a power supply ball to the first metal conductor of the substrate; a die, comprising a plurality of bond pads on a first surface of the die, a first metal conductor on a second surface of the die and at least one via coupling a bond pad to the first metal conductor of the die; and a plurality of first wire bonds for coupling the first metal conductor of the substrate to the first metal conductor of the die.

Abstract: A semiconductor structure includes a first die comprising a first substrate and a first bonding pad over the first substrate, a second die having a first surface and a second surface opposite the first surface, wherein the second die is stacked on the first die and a protection layer having a vertical portion on a sidewall of the second die, and a horizontal portion extending over the first die.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a semiconductor device including: an input terminal receiving, if a preceding-stage semiconductor device is layered on a predetermined one of an upper layer and a lower layer, a bit train outputted from the preceding-stage semiconductor device; a semiconductor device identifier hold block holding a semiconductor device identifier for uniquely identifying the semiconductor device; a semiconductor device identifier computation block executing computation by using the semiconductor device identifier to update the semiconductor device identifier held in the semiconductor device identifier hold block according to a result of the computation; a control block once holding data of a bit train entered from the input terminal to control updating of the semiconductor device identifier executed by the semiconductor device identifier computation block based on the held data; and an output terminal outputting the bit train held in the control block to a succeeding-stage semiconductor device layered on a

Abstract: A packaged integrated circuit device includes a substrate, and a conductive pad and a chip stack on the substrate. A primary conductive line electrically connects the pad on the substrate to a conductive pad on one of the chips in the chip stack. Secondary conductive lines electrically connect the pad on the one of the chips to respective conductive pads on ones of the chips above and below the one of the chips in the chip stack. The primary conductive line may be configured to transmit a signal from the pad on the substrate to the pad on the one of the chips in the chip stack, and the secondary conductive lines may be configured to transmit the signal from the one of the chips to the ones of the chips thereabove and therebelow at a same time.

Abstract: A semiconductor device has a first semiconductor die and first encapsulant deposited around the first semiconductor die. A first insulating layer is formed over the first semiconductor die and first encapsulant. A first conductive layer is formed over the first insulating layer and electrically connected to a contact pad of the first semiconductor die. A second semiconductor die is mounted to the first insulating layer and first conductive layer. A second encapsulant is deposited around the second semiconductor die. A second insulating layer is formed over the second semiconductor die and second encapsulant. A second conductive layer is formed over the second insulating layer and electrically connected to a contact pad of the second semiconductor die. A plurality of conductive vias is formed continuously through the first and second encapsulants outside a footprint of the first and second semiconductor die electrically connected to the first and second conductive layers.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing an integrated circuit package system includes: providing a base package including a first integrated circuit coupled to a base substrate by an electrical interconnect formed on one side; and mounting an offset package over the base package, the offset package electrically coupled to the base substrate via a system interconnect.

Abstract: A multi-chip module includes a package board, a plurality of chips, and a wiring board. The plurality of chips are horizontally disposed on the package board. The plurality of chips are electrically connected with the package board, and respectively provided with via holes which penetrate through the plurality of chips. The plurality of chips are respectively provided with circuits at surfaces facing the package board. The wiring board is disposed on an opposite side to the package board across the plurality of chips. The wiring board includes a wiring pattern which is electrically connecting adjacent chips one another. The circuit is electrically connected to the wiring pattern through the via holes.

Abstract: A semiconductor device having stacked semiconductor chips is provided wherein alignment of even thin semiconductor chips of a large warpage is easy and thus high assembling accuracy and high reliability are ensured. Semiconductor chips having hollow through-silicon via electrodes each formed with a tapered portion are melt-joined using solder balls each having a core of a material higher in melting point than solder. When melt-joining the semiconductor chips, the temperature is raised while imparting an urging load to stacked semiconductor chips, thereby correcting warpage of the semiconductor chips. In each chip-to-chip connection thus formed, if the connection is to prevent the occurrence of stress around the electrode due to the urging load, a solder ball having a core of a smaller diameter than in the other connections is used in the connection.

Abstract: A semiconductor package includes a first semiconductor chip, a second semiconductor chip, a stepped pad, a plurality of first bonding wires and a second bonding wire. The first semiconductor chip is stacked on a substrate having a plurality of bonding pads, the first semiconductor chip having a plurality of first chips pads formed along a side portion of the first semiconductor chip. The second semiconductor chip is stacked like a step of a staircase on the first semiconductor chip to form a stepped portion through which the first chip pads are exposed on the first semiconductor chip, the second semiconductor chip having a plurality of second chip pads formed along a side portion of the first semiconductor chip. The stepped pad is arranged between the first chip pads on the stepped portion of the first semiconductor chip, the stepped pad including an adhesive pad adhered to the first semiconductor chip and a conductive pad formed on the adhesive pad.

Abstract: A semiconductor device including a first layer including first transistors, wherein first logic circuits are constructed by the first transistors, and wherein the first logic circuits include at least one of Inverter, NAND gate, or NOR gate; and a second layer overlaying said first layer, the second layer including second transistors, wherein second logic circuits are constructed by the second transistors; wherein each logic circuit in the first logic circuits has inputs and at least one first output, the inputs are connected to the second logic circuits; wherein each logic circuit in the second logic circuits has a second output, and wherein the first transistors include first selectors adapted to selectively replace at least one of the at least one first outputs with at least one of the second outputs.

Abstract: A method of assembling a multi-die package is achieved. A heat spreader is disposed on a printed circuit substrate. At least one integrated circuit die is disposed on a top side of the heat spreader and at least one other integrated circuit die is disposed on a bottom side of the heat spreader wherein the dies are connected to the substrate by wire bonds. Thermal solder balls are electrically connected to solderable pads of the heat spreader through the open holes of the substrate, so as to couple the heat spreader to function as a ground plane. Some of the ground pads of the dies can be bonded onto the heat spreader and the others bonded onto the substrate. Alternatively, all of the dies could only be connected to the substrate by wire bonding, and not connected to the heat spreader.

Abstract: A semiconductor component including a stack of semiconductor chips, the semiconductor chips being fixed cohesively one on top of another, is disclosed. The contact areas of the semiconductor chips are led as far as the edges of the semiconductor chips and conductor portions extend at least from an upper edge to a lower edge of the edge sides of the semiconductor chips in order to electrically connect the contact area of the stacked semiconductor chips to one another.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a power module package including: a first substrate; a second substrate having a pad for connection to the first substrate formed on one side or both sides of one surface thereof and having external connection terminals for connection to the outside formed on the other surface thereof; and a lead frame having one end bonded to the first substrate and the other end bonded to the pad of the second substrate to thereby vertically connect the first and second substrates to each other.

Abstract: A microelectronic assembly that includes a first microelectronic element having a first rear surface. The assembly further includes a second microelectronic element having a second rear surface. The second microelectronic element is attached to the first microelectronic element so as to form a stacked package. A bridging element electrically connects the first microelectronic element and the second microelectronic element. The first rear surface of the first microelectronic element faces toward the second rear surface of the second microelectronic element.

Abstract: A layered chip package includes a main body and wiring. The main body includes a main part including a plurality of stacked layer portions, and a plurality of terminals disposed on the top and bottom surfaces of the main part. The wiring includes a plurality of lines electrically connected to the plurality of terminals. The plurality of lines include a plurality of common lines and a plurality of layer-dependent lines. Each of the plurality of layer portions includes: a plurality of common electrodes electrically connected to the plurality of common lines; a plurality of non-contact electrodes that are electrically connected to the layer-dependent lines and are not in contact with the semiconductor chip in the layer portion; and a selective connection electrode selectively electrically connected to only the layer-dependent line that the layer portion uses among the plurality of layer-dependent lines. The layer-dependent lines are greater than the common lines in maximum width.

Abstract: A battery protection package assembly is disclosed. The assembly includes a power control integrated circuit (IC) with pins for a supply voltage input (VCC) and a ground (VSS) on a first side of the power control IC. First and second common-drain metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistors (MOSFETs) are electrically coupled to the power control IC. The power control IC and the first and second common-drain metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistors (MOSFET) are co-packaged on a common die pad. The power control IC is vertically stacked on top of one or more of the first and second common-drain MOSFETs. Leads coupled to a supply voltage input (VCC) and a ground (VSS) of the power control IC are on a first side of the common die pad.

Abstract: An integrated-circuit chip and external electrical connection elements are arranged on a first side of a substrate to form an assembly that is placed within a mold. The mold includes first and second opposed planar faces with a molding film made of a deformable material on the first planar face. The molding film is pressed against end faces of the external electrical connection elements. Encapsulating material then fills the mold cavity producing a semiconductor device that, when removed from the mold, includes electrical connection elements that are peripherally coated by the encapsulating material and have exposed end faces. An additional semiconductor device may be mounted over and in electrical connection with the electrical connection elements through the exposed end faces.

Abstract: A semiconductor package may include a package substrate having a first surface and a boundary that may be defined by edges of the package substrate. The package further includes a first semiconductor chip having a front surface and a back surface. The back surface of a first portion of the first semiconductor chip may be disposed on the first surface of the package substrate with the back surface of a second portion of the first semiconductor chip extending beyond of the defined boundary of the package substrate. The semiconductor package may also include a second semiconductor chip disposed on the back surface of the second portion of the first semiconductor chip that extends beyond the defined boundary of the package substrate.

Abstract: A method of manufacture of an integrated circuit packaging system includes: providing a substrate having a through hole; mounting an integrated circuit in the through hole, the integrated circuit having an inactive side and a vertical side; connecting a first interconnect in direct contact with the integrated circuit and the substrate; applying a wire-in-film adhesive around and above the integrated circuit leaving a portion of the vertical side and the inactive side exposed and covering a portion of the first interconnect; and mounting a chip above the integrated circuit and in direct contact with the wire-in-film adhesive.

Abstract: A method of manufacture of a package system includes: providing a base package substrate having conductive elements; providing an internal stacking module having a semiconductor die mounted on a package substrate and a first encapsulant surrounding at least portions of the semiconductor die and the package substrate; covering at least portions of the first encapsulant in the internal stacking module with an electromagnetic interference shield, the electromagnetic interference shield shaped to have an outside face; mounting the internal stacking module over the base package substrate with the outside face of the electromagnetic interference shield facing the base package substrate; and encapsulating at least portions of the internal stacking module, the electromagnetic interference shield, and the base package substrate using a second encapsulant.

Abstract: A stacked non-volatile memory device comprises a plurality of bit line and word line layers stacked on top of each other. The bit line layers comprise a plurality of bit lines that can be formed using advanced processing techniques making fabrication of the device efficient and cost effective. The device can be configured for NAND operation.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an adhesive tape for electrically connecting semiconductor chips in a chip-on-chip type semiconductor device. The adhesive tape comprising: (A) 10 to 50 wt % of film forming resin; (B) 30 to 80 wt % of curable resin; and (C) 1 to 20 wt % of curing agent having flux activity.