Abstract: A cooling and desalination system includes a humidification-dehumidification (HDH) system and an ejector cooling cycle (ECC) system. The HDH system includes a heater for heating saline water, a humidifier for humidifying a carrier gas using the saline water, and a dehumidifier for dehumidifying the carrier gas to obtain desalinated water. The ECC system includes a generator for generating a primary flow of a refrigerant, an evaporator for cooling and providing a secondary flow of the refrigerant, an ejector for the primary flow and the secondary flow to pass through to obtain a super-heated stream, and a condenser. The heater and the generator are configured to connect to a heat source. The ECC system and the HDH system are connected at the condenser for heat exchange between the super-heated stream and the saline water to pre-heat the saline water.

Abstract: A multimode system for cooling and desalination includes a humidification-dehumidification (HDH) system, an ejector cooling cycle (ECC) system and valves. The HDH system includes a heater, a humidifier and a dehumidifier. The ECC system includes a generator, an evaporator, an ejector and a condenser. The valves are configured to connect to inlets and outlets of the heater, the generator and a heat source so that by selectively opening and closing the valves, the heat source is connected to the heater while disconnected from the generator, or connected to the generator while disconnected from the heater, or connected to both the heater and the generator, or disconnected from both the heater and the generator. The ECC system and the HDH system are connected at the condenser for heat exchange.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to particle-based thermal energy storage (TES) systems employed for the heating and cooling applications for residential and/or commercial buildings. Particle-based TES systems may store thermal energy in the particles during off-peak times (i.e., when electricity demand and/or costs are relatively low) and remove the stored thermal energy for heating or cooling applications for buildings during peak times (i.e., when electricity demand and/or costs are relatively high).

Abstract: The present invention provides deposition sources, systems, and related methods that can efficiently and controllably provide vaporized material for deposition of thin-film materials. The deposition sources, systems and related methods described herein can be used to deposit any desired material and are particularly useful for depositing high vapor pressure materials such as selenium in the manufacture of copper indium gallium diselenide based photovoltaic devices.

Abstract: A gas scrubber, equipped with heat exchanger surfaces constructed of thermoplates, suitable for cooling and cleaning a hot gas by avoiding an excessive thermal load of the washing liquid.

Abstract: In an apparatus for foaming a liquid comprising an aerating device by which the liquid can be aerated, an outlet arrangement which is in communication with the aerating device via a conduit and a pump arranged in the conduit for transporting the aerated liquid from the aerating device to the outlet arrangement, at least one flow resistor is provided which comprises a plurality of adjacent resistor elements of an elastic material which are movable relative to one another and between which there are passages through which the aerated liquid is forced whereby a high quality stable foam is generated.

Abstract: A condenser includes a high pressure side condenser, a high pressure side cooling tube bank, a high pressure side hot well, a low pressure side condenser, a low pressure side cooling tube bank, a pressure shroud provided inside the low pressure side condenser, a low pressure side hot well, high pressure steam introducing portion, low pressure side condensate introducing portion, a flash box which communicates with at least one of the high pressure side hot well and the low pressure side hot well, flashes a heater drain from a feed water heater, and urges at least one of the high pressure side hot well and the low pressure side hot well to recover the flashed heater drain, and a flash steam path which introduces flash steam generated inside the flash box into at least one of the high pressure side hot well and the low pressure side hot well.

Abstract: The present disclosure is directed at a system, apparatus and method for concentrating a solution. The system includes a humidification device and a solution flow path for flow of a solution to be concentrated to the humidification device. The humidification device includes humidification media to facilitate evaporation of liquid from the solution to be concentrated to gas as the solution to be concentrated passes through the humidification media thereby concentrating the solution. The method includes flowing a solution to be concentrated along a flow path to a humidification device including humidification media, flowing a gas through the humidification media, and flowing the solution to be concentrated through the humidification media. There is evaporation of liquid from the solution to the gas as the solution passes through the humidification media thereby concentrating the solution and producing a humidified gas. The solution to be concentrated may be salt water and the gas may be air.

Abstract: A heating apparatus includes a heating element (48) which converts electrical power to heat energy, a heatable element (44) having a first surface and a second surface, and a dielectric laminate layer (46) between the heating element and the first surface of the heatable element, wherein the dielectric laminate layer (46) is thermally conductive to transfer heat energy from the heating element (48) to the heatable element (44), and wherein the second surface of the heatable element is configured heat a liquid in a container.

Abstract: An air cooled condenser apparatus has a tubular shell having an open upper end and an open lower end, a ring of tube bundle panels disposed generally vertically and at an angle to each other, with each of the tube bundles comprising a primary condenser region and a secondary condenser region, and adapted for air flow therethrough to condense fluid in the panels, and configured so that air flow through the panels passes through and exits the open upper end of the shell, and a duct disposed at the ground level of the shell, and a non-condensable extraction system with active or passive devices to control the local rate of the evacuated mixture of non-condensables and attached steam.

Abstract: A hybrid cooling tower apparatus that extends along a vertical axis is provided. The cooling tower includes a first housing structure having an inlet and a first outlet located a first position along the vertical axis, wherein the housing structure includes a base and opposing side walls that extend along the vertical axis away from the base. The tower also includes a heat exchanger disposed in the housing structure, wherein the heat exchanger is positioned adjacent the first outlet and extends at least partially all the way across the first outlet. Finally the hybrid tower employs an air current generator positioned in a plane normal to the vertical axis and oriented to direct an air stream toward the base and through the heat exchanger and the first outlet.

Abstract: A carrier-gas mixture is directed through a fluid flow path in a combined heat and mass transfer device operating at a sub-atmospheric pressure. Heat and mass are transferred from or to the carrier-gas mixture via interaction with a liquid composition that includes a vaporizable component in a liquid state to substantially change the content of the vaporizable component in the carrier-gas mixture via evaporation or condensation of the vaporizable component. The mass flow rate of the carrier-gas mixture is varied by extracting or injecting the carrier-gas mixture from at least one intermediate location in the fluid flow path, and/or the mass flow rate of the liquid composition is varied by extracting or injecting the liquid composition from at least one intermediate location in the fluid flow path; and the flow of the carrier-gas mixture or the liquid composition is regulated to reduce the average local enthalpy pinch in the device.

Abstract: In a reclaiming apparatus (106) that includes an airtight container (106a) as an absorbent storing unit that stores a part of an absorbent that absorbs CO2 included in an exhaust gas and a heating unit that heats the absorbent stored in the airtight container (106a), a part of the absorbent stored in the airtight container (106a) is distributed, and a gaseous body is brought into counterflow contact with the absorbent that is distributed. As a result, since the gaseous body is brought into counterflow contact with a part of the absorbent stored in the absorbent storing unit, an absorbent component volatilizes and is separated from a degraded material, and the absorbent component can be extracted from the degraded material, whereby a loss of the absorbent can be reduced.

Abstract: A multi-pressure condenser has first and second condensers with vacuum pressures. The second condenser has a higher pressure. The first condenser has a first cooling water tube bundle, and a pressure barrier which extends below the first cooling water tube bundle. A heat-transfer tube introduces fluid from outside the first condenser into the first hot well below the barrier. Liquid is dropped into the first hot well through the through holes of the pressure barrier. The second condenser has a second cooling water tube bundle. Condensate generated in the high-pressure chamber is accumulated below the second cooling water tube bundle. The multi-pressure condenser further has a steam duct to connect the gas phase parts of the first hot well and the second condenser, and a pipe to communicate the liquid phase parts of the first hot well and the second condenser.

Abstract: A natural evaporation type humidifier includes a reservoir for containing liquid, an absorbent member for absorbing the liquid in the reservoir by capillary action, and a supporter for supporting the absorbent member. The supporter is detachably assembled with the reservoir and has a portion extended away from the reservoir to guide the absorbent member to a position outside the reservoir.

Abstract: A cross-flow reservoir has a uniquely integrated filter and heat exchanger, whereby the reservoir, filtration and cooling functions are all performed by a single unit and without connecting fittings and connecting hoses therebetween.

Abstract: A cooling tower for evaporating water from a brine solution is provided and may include a housing having an air inlet and a brine inlet. The cooling tower may also include a heat-exchange assembly having a heat-exchange media that suspends the brine solution and at least one nozzle in fluid communication with the brine inlet. The at least one nozzle may receive the brine solution from the brine inlet and may transfer the brine solution from the brine inlet to the heat-exchange media to allow the heat-exchange media to transfer moisture from the brine solution to air received from the air inlet to reduce the moisture content of the brine solution.

Abstract: An air cooled condenser apparatus has a tubular shell having an open upper end and an open lower end, a ring of tube bundle panels disposed generally vertically and at an angle to each other, with each of the tube bundles having a primary condenser region and a secondary condenser region, and adapted for air flow therethrough to condense fluid in the panels, and configured so that air flow through the panels passes through and exits the open upper end of the shell, and a duct disposed at the ground level of the shell, and a non-condensable extraction system with active or passive devices to control the local rate of the evacuated mixture of non-condensables and attached steam.

Abstract: A method of use of an ionic liquid for sorption of a gas having an electric multipole moment is provided, wherein the ionic liquid comprises an anion and a non-aromatic cation. In particular, the electric multipole moment may be an electric dipole moment and/or an electric quadrupole moment. The sorption may be an adsorption or an absorption. The ionic liquid may be a pure ionic liquid, i.e. a liquid substantially only containing anions and cations, while not containing other components, e.g. water. Alternatively a solution containing the ionic liquid and a solvent or further compound, e.g. water, may be used.

Abstract: A humidifier includes a housing with a substantially open top portion. Water can be added to the humidifier by pouring the water into a water reservoir through an open top. The water is pumped from the water reservoir to an upper portion of the humidifier where it is dispersed into the environment by a flow of air. The humidifier may include both an ultrasonic nebulizer and a heater to provide a warm mix of cool mist and hot vapor. Alternatively, a warm mist can be provided by dispersed water from an ultrasonic nebulizer in combination with warm air. The humidifier may also solely provide a cool mist from an ultrasonic element, or the water can be dispersed using a wicking filter.

Abstract: A vaporizer is provided with a vaporizing chamber heated by heaters; a primary filter positioned in a bottom end portion of the vaporizing chamber and heated by the heater; a liquid material supply portion for dropping down a flow-controlled liquid material from upper portion of the vaporizing chamber toward the primary filter; a carrier gas guiding passage for guiding a carrier gas into the underside of the primary filter; and a material delivering passage for discharging a mixed gas including the carrier gas and a vaporized liquid material from the top of the vaporizing chamber. The liquid material dropped down onto the primary filter is partially vaporized, while the rest thereof is atomized by being subjected to bubbling effect provided by the carrier gas flowing from underneath.

Abstract: Circulating air is cooled by heat exchange with adiabatically cooled process air. To this end, a first heat exchanging device is fed with circulating air and the process air. The heat exchanging device contains a humidifying device used to spray water into the process air. In this way, the process air is adiabatically cooled and the corresponding cooling is carried out by heat exchange with the circulating air. Before entering the first heat exchanging device and before leaving same, the process air is guided through a second heat exchanging device in which the cooled process air first extracts heat from the uncooled process air. This increases the cooling performance of the device.

Abstract: A humidifier 10 has a water circuit 20 that switches the flow of water between a first flow state, in which hot water introduced from a first inlet 21 flows through a first heat exchanger 32 and flows to a first outlet 22 and in which cold water introduced from a second inlet 23 flows through a second heat exchanger 42 and flows to a second outlet 24, and a second flow state, in which the hot water introduced from the first inlet 21 flows through the second heat exchanger 42 and flows to the first outlet 22 and in which the cold water introduced from the second inlet 23 flows through the first heat exchanger 32 and flows to the second outlet 24. The water circuit 20 has a bypass passage 36 for connecting the inlets 21, 23 to the outlets 22, 24 respectively at the time of switching the flow of water. With this, even if the respective three-way valves 31, 33, . . . cause a faulty operation, the cold water and the hot water surely flow through the bypass passage 36 and flow to the respective outlets 22, 24.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an apparatus and method for an air bypass system for a natural draft cooling tower that employs a wet heat exchanger, a direct dry heat exchanger or an indirect dry heat exchanger to extract heat from a heated fluid, which is usually liquid or steam.

Abstract: A vaporizer is provided with a vaporizing chamber heated by heaters; a primary filter positioned in a bottom end portion of the vaporizing chamber and heated by the heater; a liquid material supply portion for dropping down a flow-controlled liquid material from upper portion of the vaporizing chamber toward the primary filter; a carrier gas guiding passage for guiding a carrier gas into the underside of the primary filter; and a material delivering passage for discharging a mixed gas including the carrier gas and a vaporized liquid material from the top of the vaporizing chamber. The liquid material dropped down onto the primary filter is partially vaporized, while the rest thereof is atomized by being subjected to bubbling effect provided by the carrier gas flowing from underneath.

Abstract: An external gas humidifier for fuel cell transfers recycled high-temperature waste heat produced by the fuel cell to a reactant gas, such as hydrogen or air, which is guided into the external gas humidifier. The heated reactant gas is treated in the external gas humidifier to effectively increase the moisture content of the reactant gas within a shortened time. When the humidified reactant gas enters into the fuel cell, it enables a polymeric membrane in the fuel cell to be well humidified to thereby enhance the power generation efficiency and service life of the fuel cell.

Abstract: A vapor purifier for oil recovery from and cleansing of deleterious matter carried by oil vapors in a crankcase of an internal combustion-type engine generally includes a coil member that can separate the oil from the vapors by passing the vapors over and/or through the coil member. As the vapors impinge upon the surface(s) of the coil member, oil in the blow-by vapors condenses thereon. The vapor purifier can include a flow equalization member to maintain a normal engine intake manifold pressure for driving modes of the engine. As a result, the vapor purifier of the present invention can maintain the air to fuel stoichiometric ratio of the engine system. Additional components, such as filters and/or disks can also be included in the vapor purifier to promote oil recovery and cleansing of deleterious matter from the vapors, which act as a host for the deleterious matter.

Abstract: The water evaporation apparatus functions to increase the concentration strength of a contaminant solution in wastewater, for more economical disposal. A blower conveys an air stream along an air-conduit, over a nozzle or atomizer. The atomizer converts the incoming dilutely-contaminated water into fine droplets, and injects and distributes the droplets into the airstream. An air-heater is located upstream of the atomizer, and heats the airstream to a temperature of 110° C. at the atomizer. A droplet-collector receives the airstream, and the droplets, and mechanically extracts the liquid droplets from the airstream. The airstream leaves the droplet-collector at 65° C. in a saturated condition. The droplets coalesce, and become the final-water, comprising the strongly concentrated contaminant solution. An exhaust-conduit conveys air that has passed through the droplet-collector to the air-outlet. A heat-exchanger transfers heat from the exhaust airstream into the intake airstream, to supplement the air-heater.

Abstract: Circulating air is cooled by heat exchange with adiabatically cooled process air. To this end, a first heat exchanging device is fed with circulating air and the process air. The heat exchanging device contains a humidifying device used to spray water into the process air. In this way, the process air is adiabatically cooled and the corresponding cooling is carried out by heat exchange with the circulating air. Before entering the first heat exchanging device and before leaving same, the process air is guided through a second heat exchanging device in which the cooled process air first extracts heat from the uncooled process air. This increases the cooling performance of the device.

Abstract: A sheet for use in a heat exchange apparatus. The sheet includes a first vertical rib that extends in a first direction generally parallel to the vertical axis of the heat exchange apparatus, wherein said first vertical rib protrudes in a second direction out of the plane. The sheet also includes a second vertical rib that extends in the first direction along the sheet, substantially all the way between the first and second edges of the sheet generally parallel to the first vertical rib. The second vertical rib also protrudes in the second direction out of the plane. The sheet further includes a first horizontal rib that extends in a third direction along the sheet substantially all the way between the third and fourth edges of the sheet, wherein the first horizontal rib protrudes in a fourth direction opposite said second direction.

Abstract: Device for simultaneously cooling and removing liquid from compressed gas of a compressor element (1) or of several compressor elements (1) which are connected either or not in parallel or in series, which device includes a pressure vessel (2) which is provided with a liquid drain (8) at the bottom, an inlet (6) for compressed gas at a distance above the latter and an outlet (18) for compressed gas at the top, latter and an outlet (18) for compressed gas at the top, characterized in that a distribution device (4) is provided in the pressure vessel (2), between the inlet (6) and the outlet (18) for the compressed gas, for spreading a cool fluid in direct contact with the compressed gas, and in that a heat exchanger (5) is provided in the pressure vessel (2) for heating the compressed gas which has been cooled by the cool fluid.

Abstract: A cooling tower having a heat exchanger. The heat exchanger includes at least one heat exchanger pack having a generally diamond shape. The heat exchanger pack includes a first set of passageways for receiving a stream of warm, water laden air and a second set of passageways for receiving ambient air. The first set of passageways and second set of passageways are separate. Cooling tower configurations including the heat exchanger pack are disclosed for achieving effluent plume abatement, and capture of a portion of the effluent for replacement back into the cooling tower reservoir or as a source of purified water.

Abstract: Low-pressure-side condensate is subjected to convection heating while dripping in high-pressure-side steam, and to surface turbulent heat transfer due to a circulating flow caused by downflow condensate falling after overflowing. Thus, the temperature of the low-pressure-side condensate can be raised efficiently with satisfactory heat transfer. A bypass connecting pipe enables high-pressure-side condensate to bypass condensate of a reheat chamber and merge with the condensate while keeping a high temperature. Thus, heating of the low-pressure-side condensate is performed sufficiently, with a space for falling being minimized for compactness. Also, condensate in a high amount of heat exchange is fed toward a condensate pump. Hence, a multistage pressure condenser permitting compactness and increased efficiency of a power plant can be constructed.

Abstract: The present application is directed to a continuous contacting apparatus for separating a liquid component from a liquid mixture.

Abstract: An atomizer is provided for combining a precise mass of atomized liquid into a gas stream. The atomizer includes a mixing slot formed in a face of a base member. The mixing slot comprises a throat in fluid communication with a gas inlet side having a smoothly decreasing cross-sectional area and a mixture outlet side having a smoothly increasing cross-sectional area. A gas stream enters the mixing slot via gas inlet side and a liquid enters the mixing slot via a liquid inlet in fluid communication with the throat of the mixing slot. The mixing slot is sealed by a sealing member abutting the face of the base member with the mixing slot in it. The liquid is atomized and combined with a gas stream by venturi effect.

Abstract: Low-pressure-side condensate is subjected to convection heating while dripping in high-pressure-side steam, and to surface turbulent heat transfer due to a circulating flow caused by downflow condensate falling after overflowing. Thus, the temperature of the low-pressure-side condensate can be raised efficiently with satisfactory heat transfer. A bypass connecting pipe enables high-pressure-side condensate to bypass condensate of a reheat chamber and merge with the condensate while keeping a high temperature. Thus, heating of the low-pressure-side condensate is performed sufficiently, with a space for falling being minimized for compactness. Also, condensate in a high amount of heat exchange is fed toward a condensate pump. Hence, a multistage pressure condenser permitting compactness and increased efficiency of a power plant can be constructed.

Abstract: A heat exchanger for a medium condenser having a plurality of vertical cooling fins having extra length extended both upwardly and downwardly from an ordinary portion of medium coil path for greatly increasing the cooling efficiency thereof, and a drip-drop type water feeding box for feeding water drops to a top of cooling fins densely but intermittently to let each of water drop remain in the space between opposite surfaces of adjacent cooling fins a short period of time and start to slide down the surface of a cooling fin as a next drop of water is delivered to provide enough time for evaporation so as to absorb a large quantity of latent heat and increase cooling efficiency.

Abstract: Heat exchanger packs having a first set of passageways for receiving a stream of ambient air and a second set of passageways for receiving a stream of warm water laden air is disclosed. The first set of passageways and second set of passageways being separate and permitting the warm water laden air stream to be cooled by the stream of ambient air so that water can condense out of the warm water laden air stream. Cooling tower configurations including the heat exchanger pack are disclosed for achieving effluent plume abatement, and capture of a portion of the effluent for replacement back into the cooling tower reservoir or as a source of purified water.

Abstract: Heat exchanger packs having a first set of passageways for receiving a stream of ambient air and a second set of passageways for receiving a stream of warm water laden air is disclosed. The first set of passageways and second set of passageways being separate and permitting the warm water laden air stream to be cooled by the stream of ambient air so that water can condense out of the warm water laden air stream. Cooling tower configurations including the heat exchanger pack are disclosed for achieving effluent plume abatement, and capture of a portion of the effluent for replacement back into the cooling tower reservoir or as a source of purified water.

Abstract: In a fuel evaporator provided with an evaporation chamber 11 that produces raw fuel gas FG by vaporizing raw fuel liquid by heat received from a plurality of heat medium tubes 12 through which a high temperature heat medium passes, a raw fuel injection portion that injects raw fuel liquid onto the heat medium tubes 12 is situated in the evaporation chamber 11. The heat medium tubes 12 are arranged sparsely near the raw fuel injection portion and densely away from it. A catalytic combustor 20 is provided adjacent to the bottom surface 11b of the evaporation chamber 11 to form the high temperature heat medium. Such a fuel evaporator efficiently vaporizes raw fuel liquid and can be suitably applied in a fuel cell system for a fuel cell-powered automobile.

Abstract: A vaporizer is provided for delivering vapor streams such as high purity streams to a processing destination, such as a wafer processing chamber. The vaporizer includes a heated base having one or more seamless slots formed in one of its faces for carrying a liquid which is vaporized by heat from the heated plate. In one embodiment, the vaporizer includes an atomizer for atomizing the liquid prior to vaporization to reduce the temperature of vaporization. In one embodiment, the vaporizer includes a heat exchanger having cross-slots intersecting a plurality of seamless slots to reduce unvaporized liquid from exiting the vaporizer.

Abstract: A forced air cooling tower includes an upright casing, and elevated water distribution system disposed in an upper portion of the casing and one or more fans for drawing air through the tower. The tower also includes a catch basin for collecting the cooled air and a pump for circulating the cooled water through a condenser and back to the top of the tower and to the water distribution system. The cooling tower also includes a controller and a variable frequency device for regulating the flow of air through the tower. A first temperature sensor senses the temperature T1 of the hot process water delivered to the water distribution system and a second sensor senses the dry bulb temperature of the air leaving the tower Tdbt2. A third sensor senses the temperature of the cooled water leaving the tower. The controller such as a computer and variable frequency drive controls the speed of the fan to minimize the difference in T1 and Tdbt2.

Abstract: A wastewater aerating system that conditions air inlet to a blower of the system to adjust the condition of air discharged into the wastewater so as to increase the flocculation rate of suspended solids from the wastewater. The wastewater aeration system includes a conduit having an outlet submerged within a bath of wastewater to be treated, an air duct inlet in flow communication with a source of ambient air, a blower operable to cause air to pass through the air duct and through the conduit to be output through the conduit outlet into the bath of wastewater, and at least one heat exchanger installed in the air duct and adapted to condition, such as condense its vapor and sensibly cool, the air passing through the air duct. A method of treating a bath of wastewater is also disclosed.

Abstract: The present invention provides for improved liquid vaporizer systems and methods for their use. Vaporizer systems of the present invention are likely to be particularly useful for the vaporization of liquids having a relatively low vapor pressure, such as TDMAT. In one preferred embodiment, a liquid vaporizer system (10) includes a vaporizer unit (16) having first and second inlets (50 and 60) and an outlet (62). The vaporizer system further includes a vessel (22) having an inlet (70) and an outlet (72), whereby the vessel inlet is operably connected to the vaporizer outlet. The vessel contains a plurality of passages (78) which operably connect the vessel inlet and the vessel outlet. In this manner, liquids and/or gases flowing into the vaporizer unit through either or both of its two inlets, exit the vaporizer unit outlet and enter the vessel inlet. Liquids and/or gases pass through the plurality of passages and exit the vessel outlet.

Abstract: A temperature-humidity controller for a semiconductor equipment comprises a housing; an inlet pipe for introducing processing air, which has a discharging portion for flowing the air into an inner portion of the housing; a water supplying means for supplying water into the inner portion of the housing so as to contact with the processing air from the discharging portion of the inlet pipe thereby simultaneously performing dehumidifying and humidifying processes; a cooling means for cooling the water at a dew point; a heating means for heating the air at a desired temperature, which is dehumidified and humidified by the water supplying means; an outlet pipe for supplying the heated air to the semiconductor equipment.

Abstract: The plume abated cooling tower having a heat exchanger in which an aqueous fluid is cooled by an air flow. The heat exchanger has first channels in which air and fluid counterflow, second channels in which air flows, and a means for avoiding the passage of fluid into said second channels, said second channels having a heat conductive surface contacting a plurality of first channels.

Abstract: The present invention provides for improved liquid vaporizer systems and methods for their use. Vaporizer systems of the present invention are likely to be particularly useful for the vaporization of liquids having a relatively low vapor pressure, such as TDMAT. In one preferred embodiment, a liquid vaporizer system (10) includes a vaporizer unit (16) having first and second inlets (50 and 60) and an outlet (62). The vaporizer system further includes a vessel (22) having an inlet (70) and an outlet (72), whereby the vessel inlet is operably connected to the vaporizer outlet. The vessel contains a plurality of passages (78) which operably connect the vessel inlet and the vessel outlet. In this manner, liquids and/or gases flowing into the vaporizer unit through either or both of its two inlets, exit the vaporizer unit outlet and enter the vessel inlet. Liquids and/or gases pass through the plurality of passages and exit the vessel outlet.

Abstract: A vaporizer apparatus efficiently vaporizes difficult-to-vaporize materials such as complex feed materials for producing a high dielectric or ferroelectric material. The vaporizer apparatus includes a vaporizing passage formed by a pair of opposed walls separated by a minute spacing to a liquid feed entrance provided at one end of the vaporizing passage, a vaporized feed exit provided at an opposite end of the vaporizing passage, and a heating arrangement for heating the walls to a temperature in excess of a vaporizing temperature of the liquid feed so that the liquid feed material may be guided into the vaporizing passage to be vaporized.

Abstract: The invention relates to an arrangement for cooling supply air in an air-conditioning installation, comprising a heat transfer device for transferring heat between supply air and exhaust air by means of heat transfer surfaces; and a humidifying device for humidifying heat transfer surfaces on the exhaust air side. In order that supply air could be cooled more efficiently, the heat transfer surfaces on the side of supply air and exhaust air are separated into separate heat exchangers; and the heat transfer surfaces are selected in such a way that the surface temperature of the heat transfer surfaces on the exhaust air side is close to the dew-point temperature of exhaust air.

Abstract: The invention relates to a tube bank heat exchanger for use in reducing the temperature of air delivered under pressure to an air diffuser system within a wastewater treatment facility. The tube bank heat exchanger, submerged within the wastewater, is of a configuration which extends the air flow path from the air source to the diffuser system. By such configuration the temperature of the air delivered to the diffuser system is reduced to a temperature of no more than about 140 degrees F.