Abstract: The invention is directed to a membrane fuel pump for an internal combustion engine equipped with a membrane carburetor. The engine is that of a working apparatus and especially a handheld portable tool such as a motor-driven chain saw or the like. The membrane pump includes a drive chamber charged with the pressure inside the crankcase of the engine and a pump chamber separated from the drive chamber by a membrane. The pump chamber is connected at its suction end to a fuel tank via a first check valve and is connected to a pressure controller of the membrane carburetor at its pressure end via a second check valve. The pressure end of the membrane pump is connected with the suction end thereof via a bypass and a throttle is mounted in this bypass. With the throttle bypass between the pressure end and the suction end, the pumped volume is reduced at idle and the pump pressure is smoothed. Disturbances at the membrane carburetor are avoided.

Abstract: A motorless carbonator including a single acting pneumatic water pump connected between a carbonator tank and an uncarbonated water supply with the pump having a gas return spring integral therewith. The pump is driven by the carbon dioxide (CO.sub.2) fed to the carbonator tank. A CO.sub.2 saving device is coupled between the water pump and the carbonator tank and includes a spring biased diaphragm connected to a piston rod and an O-ring support member which operates to control the venting of CO.sub.2 to the atmosphere so as to reduce the amount of CO.sub.2 required to operate the pump during both a pumping stroke and a return stroke.

Abstract: A motorless carbonator including a double acting diaphragm type pneumatic water pump is connected between a carbonator tank and a water supply. The pump is driven by the carbon dioxide fed to the carbonator tank. Control of the pump is by way of an electrically operated shut-off valve which is opened and closed in response to a water level sensor in the carbonator tank. Coupled between the carbonator tank and the pneumatic pump is a spring biased diaphragm valve assembly which is normally biased closed, but is opened when the pump is actuated to feed water into the carbonator tank.

Abstract: A carbonation system employing a pneumatic pump which operates off of a pressurized source of carbon dioxide which is itself employed for the carbonation process. The pneumatic pump serves as both a precarbonation chamber and a reservoir for receiving water from a low pressure source and subsequently transferring precarbonated water to a carbonation tank. Sensors within the pneumatic pump assure that a proper volume of water is maintained within the precarbonation chamber and available for transfer to the tank. Both the pneumatic pump and the carbonation tank operate off of the same supply of pressurized carbon dioxide, but the pressure provided to the tank is slightly less than that presented to the pneumatic pump.

Abstract: A carburetor comprising a main body portion defining a carburetor mixing passage having an air intake side and an engine outlet side, a fuel pump, a throttle shutter mounted within the carburetor mixing passage between the air intake side and the engine outlet side. The carburetor has a metering chamber for supplying fuel from the fuel pump into the carburetor mixing passage via a main discharge port, the main discharge port opens into the carburetor mixing passage on the air intake side of the throttle shutter. A starting fuel supply passage extends from the pressure side of the fuel pump to the carburetor mixing passage. A means is provided for selectively opening and closing the starting fuel supply passage such that when the throttle is in a partially opened position and the starting fuel supply passage is open, the fuel pump causes fuel to be injected through the starting fuel supply passage into the carburetor mixing passage.

Abstract: Disturbances can occur in handheld portable tools driven by internal combustion engines because the idle-nozzle system and the main-nozzle system influence each other. The carburetor of the invention prevents this disturbing influence and provides a control of the engine which is proportional to speed. The carburetor includes a control member which closes off the main nozzle during idle operation and the idle nozzle during operation under load in dependence upon the position of the throttle flap.

Abstract: An improved carbonator and method is disclosed which delivers water under pressure to a carbonator from a pump driven by the carbonating gas under pressure, the exhaust from which is mixed with the water being carbonated. Alternative embodiments are disclosed which are configured in unitary, low-cost, compact configuration conducive to cooling within confined compartments. Low operating pressures permit convenient use of inexpensive plastic components for efficient operation.

Abstract: An apparatus for producing cleaning suds includes a reservoir containing a cleaning solution connected to the outlet of a vacuum cleaner or the like. The apparatus includes a flexible hose connected to the upper portion of the reservoir through which air passes from the vacuum cleaner outlet to a venturi nozzle at the remote end of the hose. An inner supply tube extends along the interior of the flexible hose and connects to the cleaning solution within the reservoir through a pressure reducing ball valve. The outlet of the supply tube is movable toward and away from the venturi to regulate the flow of the cleaning solution. Cleaning solution delivered to the venturi through the supply tube is formed into suds which are expelled onto a surface to be cleaned.

Abstract: A vapor return primer for priming and regulating pressure in a carburetor is disclosed. The vapor return primer includes a housing having an inlet and an outlet. The inlet is coupled with the high pressure side of the carburetor. The outlet is coupled with a fuel tank. A resilient flexible membrane is coupled with the housing for moving fluid through the inlet and outlet to prime the carburetor. A pressure relief mechanism is coupled with the housing to provide one-way flow from the housing through the outlet to the fuel tank during priming. Also, the pressure refief mechanism regulates the carburetor pressure when the internal combustion engine is in a continuous running mode.

Abstract: A method for carbonating water and a carbonator which can be used on earth or in the microgravity conditions of outer space uses a tank having first and second chambers separated by a movable piston. Carbon dioxide inlets, water inlets and carbonated water outlets as well as agitators are provided for each chamber. The piston in the tank can be driven by introduction of either carbon dioxide or water into one chamber in order to reduce the volume of the other chamber and to cause carbonated water held therein to be discharged. Both chambers will be able to sequentially form carbonated water when both carbon dioxide and water is contained in one of the chambers.

Abstract: A diaphragm-controlled carburetor which includes a diaphragm positioned in a chamber and dividing the chamber into wet and dry chamber sides. A valve is positioned in the wet chamber side, and is responsive to the diaphragm for feeding fuel to fuel jets and thence to a fuel/air passage. The dry chamber side is connected to receive pressure pulses from the engine crankcase through a three-position valve. The valve has orifices selectively interconnected by a rotatable valve disc for feeding pulses at first intensity to provide an enriched fuel/air mixture for starting, at a second lesser intensity to provide a less enriched fuel-air mixture for engine warm-up, and to block pressure pulses from the dry side of the control diaphragm.

Abstract: A carburetor comprises a main body portion defining a venturi having an air intake side and an engine outlet side, a throttle shutter mounted within the venturi between the air intake side and the engine outlet side, a fuel chamber for supplying fuel into the venturi via a main discharge port and at least one idle discharge port, the main discharge port opening into the venturi on the air intake side of the throttle shutter, a choke feed passage extending from the fuel chamber to the venturi, the choke feed passage opening into the venturi on the opposite side of the throttle shutter to the main discharge port, and means for selectively opening and closing the choke feed passage.

Abstract: A fuel primer for small internal combustion engines is disclosed. The fuel primer is associated with a metering chamber of a carburetor. The metering chamber includes an inlet port and an outlet port and communicates with both a fuel source and a venturi on the carburetor by conventional means. The primer includes a mechanism which communicates with the restricted inlet port to provide one way flow into the metering chamber. A second mechanism communicates with the unrestricted outlet port to provide one way flow from the metering chamber. A third mechanism associates the first and second one way mechanisms for pressurizing and depressurizing the flow through the primer so that fuel is drawn into the metering chamber from the fuel source.

Abstract: A diaphragm carburetor with a fuel metering chamber designed for easy restart when hot which includes a separate escape chamber connected to the metering chamber having a second diaphragm controlled exhaust valve. The second diaphragm is subject to positive crankcase pressure during engine operation to maintain the exhaust valve closed. When the engine is stopped, the exhaust valve is opened by a spring and fuel in the metering chamber will move into the escape chamber and out of the carburetor rather than be forced into the fuel mixing passage and venturi of the carburetor. A porous absorbent material is positioned to receive the fuel leaving the open exhaust valve and to retain it until it vaporizes and dissipates through openings in the retainer atmosphere. The exhaust valve may be manually operated as an option.

Abstract: A diaphragm carburetor with a fuel metering chamber designed for easy restart when hot which includes a separate escape chamber connected to the metering chamber having a second diaphragm controlled exhaust valve. The second diaphragm is subject to positive crankcase pressure during engine operation to maintain the exhaust valve closed. When the engine is stopped, the exhaust valve is opened by a spring and fuel in the metering chamber will move into the escape chamber and out of the carburetor rather than be forced into the fuel mixing passage and venturi of the carburetor.

Abstract: A flotation platform supports a mast assembly through which a drive shaft extends having a wind driven turbine on the upper end and a propeller on the lower end situated below the water surface. The propeller is rotated by the wind turbine and causes localized water circulation in the body of water in which the mill is situated thus aerating and mixing the water in the summer and also maintaining an ice free area around the mill in winter.

Abstract: A diaphragm carburetor for small internal combustion engines of generally standard construction but improved features for facilitating hot starting due to engine heat or environmental heat which transmits to the carburetor. An automatic or manual relief passage from the diaphragm chamber relieves pressure on fuel due to heat conductors so that a rich fuel charge will not be forced into the engine but will release to atmosphere, thus permitting a normal fuel mixture to be directed to the fuel mixing passage upon a restart of the engine.

Abstract: An apparatus for establishing contact between a gas and a liquid comprises a contact body (3), means for wetting the body (3) with a liquid (1) and means for exposal of the wetted body (3) to a gas (2), said body (3) being mounted in an airtight chamber (4) being provided with openings (5,6) for passage of liquid (1) and conduits (8) for inlet and outlet of gas (2) to the chamber (4), a driving device (7) being arranged for forced inlet and outlet of gas (2).

Abstract: A priming system for the carburetor-fuel pump of an internal combustion engine. The priming system includes a manually actuatable primer that is connected to the fuel chamber of the fuel pump, and priming fuel flows through a primer check valve either directly to an orifice in the carburetor throat or through the metering chamber, which communicates with the carburetor throat through main and idle orifices. In one embodiment, successive actuations of the primer bulb functions to purge the fuel pump, primer and priming lines of air and fill them with liquid fuel so that continued pumping injects priming fuel into the carburetor throat. In an alternative embodiment, the fuel pump, primer and priming lines are similarly charged but the metering chamber is also charged with fuel and the excess fuel is pumped therethrough and into the carburetor throat through the main and idle orifices.

Abstract: A method of and apparatus for making and dispensing carbonated water with a double diaphragm continuous delivery pneumatic liquid pump has a water pressure regulator on a water inlet line to the pump, a water fill line to a carbonator, a propellent exhaust line from the pump to the carbonator, a carbon dioxide line to the carbonator, and a gas pressure regulator for controlling the storage pressure in the carbonator and the exhaust back pressure in the pump propellent outlet, the exhaust back pressure is kept higher than the water pressure at the pump preventing diaphragm inversion; the method has the steps of dropping water pressure into the pump to below carbonation pressure, and maintaining the carbonation pressure on the pump diaphragm preventing inversion.

Abstract: A fuel primer for small internal combustion engines is disclosed. The fuel primer is associated with a metering chamber of a carburetor. The metering chamber includes an inlet port and an outlet port and communicates with both a fuel source and a venturi on the carburetor by conventional means. The primer includes a mechanism which communicates with the restricted inlet port to provide one way flow into the metering chamber. A second mechanism communicates with the unrestricted outlet port to provide one way flow from the metering chamber. A third mechanism associates the first and second one way mechanisms for pressurizing and depressurizing the flow through the primer so that fuel is drawn into the metering chamber from the fuel source.

Abstract: A priming system for the carburetor-fuel pump of an internal combustion engine. The priming system includes a manually actuatable primer that is connected through a primer check valve either directly to a fed orifice in the carburetor throat or through the metering chamber, which communicates with the carburetor throat through main and idle orifices. In one embodiment, successive actuations of the primer bulb functions to purge the fuel pump, primer and priming lines of air and fill them with liquid fuel so that continued pumping injects priming fuel into the carburetor throat. In an alternative embodiment, the fuel pump, primer and priming lines are similarly charged but the metering chamber is also charged with fuel and the excess fuel is pumped therethrough and into the carburetor throat through the main and idle orifices. The metering chamber is left with an excess charge of fuel that results in richer operation during cranking and initial engine operation.

Abstract: A snowmaking apparatus comprising a tunnel-like housing a fan mounted within the housing to move large masses of air through the housing. Water nozzles and ice nucleating nozzles are disposed downstream of the fan. The fan is a compressed air reaction driven fan which provides a region of air lower in temperature within the housing than ambient to enhance the snowmaking process.

Abstract: A carburetor for small motors has a housing with a carburetor bore wherein air and fuel are mixed to an air fuel mixture. The fuel enters the carburetor bore through fuel jets. A throttle valve is pivotally mounted in the carburetor bore by means of which the fuel-air mixture quantity is adjusted in dependence upon the operating condition of the engine. The throttle valve and the inner wall surface of the carburetor bore conjointly define an air gap in the idling position. An idling fuel outlet jet communicates with the carburetor bore in the region of this air gap and is connected to the control chamber containing the fuel. The idling fuel outlet jet together with a ventilation bore communicate with an emulsion chamber of the control compartment. Further, an idling control part is provided which is movable into the air gap whereby an outlet opening of the ventilation bore communicating with the emulsion chamber is passed over.

Abstract: A diaphragm carburetor provided with a temperature-sensitive lever arm is disclosed. The temperature-sensitive lever arm permits hot restart of an engine when the carburetor is in a vapor lock condition, without the use of the choke mechanism.

Abstract: A rotary throttle carburetor in which an air passage leading to the engine has a crossbore to receive a cylindrical rotary throttle having a throttle passage to regulate the air passage. A constant pressure device is mounted on the carburetor body directly below the rotary throttle and a short straight fuel passage connects a constant pressure chamber of said device with the throttle passage of the rotary valve. A fuel pump device can be mounted between the carburetor body and the constant pressure device to supply fuel to the constant pressure chamber and also to insulate the constant pressure device from the carburetor body to reduce vaporization.

Abstract: A carburetor for internal combustion engines, especially for very small portable engines. The carburetor has a control chamber arranged in the carburetor in the fuel supply to the intake pipe. The control chamber is connected with the intake pipe via inlet passages, the rate or quantity of flow through which can be regulated, and is connected with fuel feed supplied by a fuel pump via an inlet valve, which is biased in the closed position. The inlet valve is opened by a control membrane which delimits the control chamber. The control membrane, on that side thereof remote from the control chamber, delimits an equalizing chamber along with a closure cover fastened to the carburetor housing. The equalizing chamber is constructed as a pressure chamber which can be selectively connected via a reversing or change-over valve with either the crankcase housing of the internal combustion engine, or with the atmosphere.

Abstract: A supplementary fuel supply mechanism for internal combustion engines which is incorporated in a carburetor with a manually operated flexible dome to discharge fuel from a supplemental fuel chamber adjacent the air inlet of a carburetor. The device is designed so that it can be interposed between the carburetor body and the air inlet as an auxiliary unit optionally applied.

Abstract: A cylindrical cartridge having a housing containing a replinishable water supply is employed as a water supply source for producing an aerosol with an oxygen stream for inhalation therapy to the agency of a nebulizer adapter which couples pressurized oxygen to the cartridge module. The cartridge module is separated in two compartments by means of a metallic disc positioned horizontally in the approximate center thereof and having a tube extending above and below the disc. Water is drawn from the water supply through the tube and into the mixing chamber located above the disc in the cartridge module. The cartridge has a vertical tubular portion with connections to a source of oxygen or air which terminates above the top of the tubing extending through the disc. The aerosol flows out of the cartridge through an outlet nozzle. The cartridge is an elongated housing having a temporary active cylindrical absorption surface means internally above the disc which serves as an evaporating surface.

Abstract: A method of and apparatus for making and dispensing carbonated water; the method has the steps of using carbon dioxide propellant gas at a predetermined propellant pressure for propelling flat water through cooling coils and into a carbonator, pressurizing the carbonator at a predetermined storage pressure which is less than the propellant pressure, exhausting used propellant gas into cooled propellant water, commonly admitting water and exhausted gas into the carbonator while restricting and backing up the flowing propelled water and gas and mixing them together under a pressure above the storage pressure, and storing and dispensing under the storage pressure; flat water may also be selectively diverted and dispensed after cooling and before contact with exhausted propellant gas, and the propellant pressure may be boosted with municipal water pressure; the apparatus has a pneumatically powerable water pump, a carbonator, a propelled water conduit connecting a pump outlet to a carbonator inlet, a fill valve i

Abstract: In a compensating membrane carburetor having a fuel accumulating chamber connected through idling and high-speed jets to a Venturi, a compensating chamber is provided which is maintained, naturally or artificially, at atmospheric pressure. A second chamber seals the external face of the compensating membrane from the environment of the carburetor and a first relief line, partially disposed in the carburetor, provides fluid communication between the compensating chamber and the second chamber to maintain the second chamber at atmospheric pressure. A second relief line is disposed substantially outside of the carburetor and also provides fluid communication between the compensating chamber and the second chamber, in order to insure the proper operation of the carburetor in the event of a blockage in one of the two lines.

Abstract: A carburetor having a fuel pump connected to a fuel supply, a fuel inlet valve, a diaphragm-controlled fuel chamber, and a diaphragm to control said fuel inlet valve in response to sub-atmospheric engine pulses, with a manually operable resilient pressure dome to create a sub-atmospheric pressure in the fuel chamber to move said diaphragm to an inlet valve open position and pull fuel into said chamber from a fuel supply to prime said carburetor for cold starts or restarts after fuel depletion.

Abstract: Intake air flowing through a controlling device turns a spring constrained rotor and an attached metering valve to control the fuel flow. The aerodynamically computed turn angle depends on air velocity and density and on vortices generated with vanes actuated with device-integral means responding to operational needs. The fuel is delivered to intake ports or to cylinders.

Abstract: A carburetor of the membrane type for correct operation of an engine partially or completely submerged in a liquid such as water. The carburetor has a fuel accumulating chamber which is connected through conventional idling and high-speed jets to a Venturi upstream from which there is provided an air intake manifold. Externally of the compensating membrane that is provided a sealed chamber which communicates via a flexible tube with a compensating chamber which is maintained naturally or artificially at atmospheric pressure.

Abstract: A combined float bowl carburetor and fuel pump for small engines has a lateral extension on its carburetor body that terminates at a flat exterior surface to which open certain cavities and a passageway leading to the float valve inlet. A block-like pump body having flat inner and outer surfaces overlies said exterior surface and has cavities opening to its inner surface that cooperate with those in the carburetor body. A resilient pump membrane, providing a pump diaphragm and valves, is confined between the pump body and said exterior surface. Two cavities open to the outer face of the pump body, which is overlain by an imperforate resilient membrane to define inlet and outlet surge chambers that are respectively communicated with the pump by way of the inlet and outlet valves. All cavities, inlets and outlets are arranged to ensure maintenance of a consistent head of fuel at every inlet.

Abstract: A port in the cylinder wall of a two-stroke cycle engine is connected by a passage and a restricted orifice with the idle reservoir of a diaphragm type carburetor. The idle reservoir is connected through an adjustable idle mixture valve with the metering chamber. The passage from the engine port is connected by a vent passage with the venturi of the carburetor. The dry side of the metering diaphragm is vented by a restricted opening and is connected with the dry side of a crankcase pressure operated fuel pump through a passageway having therein a check valve and a valve which is open when the choke valve is closed. This connection allows pressure pulses from the crankcase to influence fuel flow so that the desired fuel flow is obtained under more than one engine operating condition. In addition fuel is introduced directly into the crankcase at idle speeds instead of into the throttle bore giving more stable idle condition.

Abstract: An evaporator type humidifier in which a fan wheel is rotated by an air stream and drives a water wheel. The water wheel lifts water from a water receptacle to a water distribution system. The water distribution system can collect water and then distribute a substantially equal amount of water to each air-water contact member in the humidifier. The amount of water distributed to each contact member is sufficient to wet the contact member and inhibit the formation of deposits on the contact member by flushing away minerals and other solid particles.

Abstract: A small carburetor for chain saws and the like which needs no fuel pump. A spring-biased diaphragm has a radically higher bias than is normal and controls a fuel inlet valve open to the tank such that a higher vacuum is needed to open the valve, thus providing the necessary pull to draw fuel from a tank in any position relative to the fuel tank whether below, above, or to the side of the carburetor. An on-off check valve is interposed between the diaphragm fuel chamber and the main fuel orifice to insure constant negative pressures in the diaphragm chamber. The carburetor body, molded from plastic, has a composite jet insert and plug-in connection to the engine.

Abstract: The disclosure embraces a charge forming apparatus or carburetor embodying a fuel aspirating system and method of operation thereof wherein the charge forming apparatus comprises a body construction having a mixing passage, a fuel chamber and aperture means for delivering fuel into the mixing passage, the fuel aspirating system utilizing a jet of gas projected across the aperture means and being of sufficient velocity for aspirating fuel from the aperture means into the mixing passage effective for improved engine operation, engine acceleration purposes and efficient fuel metering.

Abstract: Vanes in an air duct, independently controlled, one by the engine operator and others by environmental factors, generate vortices determining the speed of a turbine and thereby the flow of fuel through a fuel meter and fuel valves into prechambers for vaporization and mixing with spiraling air.

Abstract: A carburetor construction is disclosed which includes a plurality of plate members stacked one upon the other, the plates including recesses and openings which define fuel channels, and cavities which nestibly receive various components of the carburetor, the components being designed so as to facilitate assembly with each other.

Abstract: A device for destratifying bodies of water for controlling water quality parameters. The device includes an elongated hollow shroud within a cylindrical pipe that is capable of being supported in a vertical position within the body of water. The shroud is mounted on a center hollow drive shaft. A reactive propulsion driven rotary arm disposed in the plenum of the shroud is driven by pressurized fluid. Within the pipe, but outside of and near the lower end of the shroud's drive shaft, an impeller forces water upwardly and axially around the shroud to the water's surface. The reactive propulsion means is preferably driven by pumped air, whereby the effect of the pressurized air rotates the arm and the impeller fixed to the common drive shaft. This action aids in destratifying the body of water. A series of guide vane blades may be interposed on the same drive shaft between the impeller and the shroud to reduce the turbulence of the water exiting from the impeller.

Abstract: The disclosure embraces a charge forming apparatus or carburetor and method of operation thereof wherein the charge forming apparatus is of modular construction and is inclusive of a body construction and a fluid flow control construction associated with the body construction, the fluid flow control construction being of laminar character fashioned with open areas or passages accommodating fluid flow or transfer, the fluid flow control being of a character enabling the interchangeability of fluid flow control laminations having different or modified patterns or arrangements of open areas or passages whereby the method of operation or the operating or metering characteristics of the charge forming apparatus may be changed or modified without alteration of the body construction.

Abstract: A cover plate for a carburetor having a gasket interposed between the plate and the carburetor body which comprises a plate of rectilinear shape with a bottom peripheral surface to seal against the gaskets on a carburetor body and having a central upstanding boss on the outside of the plate with tapered ribs extending from the top of said boss to the corners of the plate. A screw with a tapered head passes through a tapered opening in said boss and exerts pressure on said ribs to urge the entire plate in tight contact with the carburetor body.

Abstract: The disclosure embraces a charge forming apparatus or carburetor and method of operation thereof wherein the charge forming apparatus is of modular construction comprising a body construction and a fluid flow control system including a laminar means or member having perforate fuel conveying regions including a channel for conveying fuel from a fuel chamber to an engine idling and low speed orifice system in association with a passage arranged to receive pressure pulses from the engine crankcase under open throttle conditions for discharging fuel in the channel through an aperture means independent of the main and engine idling fuel delivery aperture means into the air induction system of the charge forming apparatus for engine acceleration purposes, the fuel conveying channel being of substantial length and of a cross sectional area to effect delayed fuel flow to the engine idling system to avoid formation of an overrich mixture which would result in stalling the engine.