Abstract: A novel material can be obtained by chemical reaction from elemental or alloyed silicon powder, to which fillers are optionally added. The novel material, which can be worked mechanically, can be further refined by means of subsequent heat treatment and/or surface coating, and can in many cases be used instead of polycrystalline or sintered silicon.

Abstract: The present invention is a simple method for densifying colloidal silica. The method comprises feeding colloidal silica, recovered from a smelting process and having a density within a range of about 50 kg/m.sup.3 to 300 kg/m.sup.3, by a nearly horizontal feed means to a pair of vertically juxtaposed pressure rolls having surface depressions positioned so that the surface depressions of one roll corresponds to the undepressed surface portions of the other roll. The method does not require deaeration of the colloidal silica prior to densification and can be run as a continuous process. Colloidal silica densified by the present process is especially suitable for use as a reinforcing agent for concrete.

Abstract: A hydraulic device is described which operates with an open hydraulic circuit. The device includes a positive-displacement pump for driving hydraulic fluid. An actuation motor having a flywheel is attached to the positive-displacement pump. A tank for hydraulic liquid is connected via a delivery line to the pump. The pump capable of directing hydraulic fluid flow either towards the tank or towards a hydraulic actuation means. The control of flow direction is determined by a first directional control valve means which is connected on the output side of the pump in order to discharge the flow of the positive displacement pump either to the tank or to the hydraulic actuation means. A method for pressing bodies to be processed is also described.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for the production of contoured vehicle internal panelling supports having surfaces smooth on both sides on the basis of wood fibers by depositing an aqueous suspension of wood fiber (pulp) on a preforming screen, drying the preform, pressing and hardening. A deposited layer of fibers is dewatered to a residual water content of 20 to 25% by mass, related to the original quality of suspension, dried in an electric alternating field, then compression molded in a tool without a screen and hardened.

Abstract: A method of preparing a composite material in the form of ultra fine particles which is mainly composed of organic polymers and has improved physical properties that cannot be obtained for organic polymers of one kind. This method includes a step of providing a dispersion in which organic polymer particles of at least two kinds, having different physical properties are dispersed in a dispersion medium, and an impingement and crushing step of causing the organic polymers dispersed in said dispersion to impinge with each other at high speed is repeated at least twice in order to crush each organic polymer and to combine, or fuse, the organic polymers simultaneously.

Abstract: A process for producing thermoplastic resin products where granulated or particulate vulcanized rubber is sprayed by a heated heavy paraffin distillate composition to form a first intermediate mixture composition. The first intermediate mixture composition is passed through a heating chamber on a conveyor and combined with particulate thermoplastic scrap material in an approximating weight percentage of 30% thermoplastic material to 70% first intermediate mixture material. The combination forms a second intermediate mixture composition which is masticated in a masticator and extruded through a single screw feed mechanism for pelletizing and producing thermoplastic resin products which are useful for molding.

Abstract: Discontinuous fibers are entrained in a gaseous medium and coated while entrained with a substantially continuous coating of a binder material. Plural coatings of various binder materials may be applied to the entrained fibers. Also, one or more solid particulate materials may be adhered to the fibers by the binder material as the binder material dries. The binder material may be heat bondable and mixed with other fibers for use in producing a wide variety of products.

Abstract: Composite product of adjacent interconnected layers of heat shrinkable fibers, made by heat shrink processing of interconnected such layers of differential shrinkage properties.

Abstract: A method for molding powders to form a shaped compact comprising the steps offorming a thin-wall resilient mold having an outer surface and having at least one opening adjacent a surface of a model of a desired shape, forming a mold support on the outer surface of the thin-wall resilient mold, so that the mold support adheres to the outer surface of the thin-walled resilient mold,removing the model from the thin-wall resilient mold whereby a cavity is formed in a portion of the thin-wall resilient mold, from which the model is removed, filling up the cavity of the thin-wall resilient mold with a powder as a forming material through the opening,sealing the opening of the thin-wall resilient mold after having evacuated air from the inside of the thin-wall resilient mold,removing the mold support from the thin-wall resilient mold,subjecting the thin-wall resilient mold filled with the powder to a cold isostatic press.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method of making a dimensionally stable composite board product made from a mixture of particles of a cellulose material and binder and a composite board so produced by such method. Dimensional stability is in reference to the resistance to thickness swelling when the board is subjected to high humidity or moisture conditions. The method and composite board displaying the attribute of improved dimensional stability involves subjecting the particles of cellulosic material to a pressurized steam treatment and then making the composite board under heat and pressure. When compared to conventional composite board that has not been subjected to the pretreatment, the difference in thickness swelling is significant.

Abstract: A blend, a batt, and a process for making the batt from the blend is disclosed. The blend and batt are made from a uniform combination of cotton and copolyester binder fibers wherein the binder fibers have a melting temperature of 230.degree. to 340.degree. F.

Abstract: A method for quality assurance in the manufacture of tablets. Tablet samples consisting of a plurality of tablets are taken whose actual weight is compared with their nominal weight, so that the tabletting machine is subsequently adjusted according to the deviation in order to adjust the weight of the tablets to the nominal weight. If the sample of tablets contains one or several tablets which, as so-called error tablets, show significant deviation from the nominal weight due to flawed manufacture, inaccuracy of the result so obtained is avoided if prior to adjustment of the machine, the weights of the individual sample tablets are measured and compared with one another. If it is found that the sample contains tablets with significant deviation from their nominal weight, such tablets may be taken into account in the statistical analysis by corrective computation.

Abstract: Manufacture of granulated self-sintering carbonaceous pulverulent body suitable for precise complicated molding in high speed productivity is conducted in the presence of a wetting agent and a binding agent in the water-pulverulent mixture by using spray drying machine in the atmosphere of the hot air kept at a temperature up to 200.degree. C. optionally in admixture with superheated steam kept at a temperature up to 200.degree. C.

Abstract: A process for preparing a controlled release medicine containing fenofibrate in an intermediate layer in the form of cyrstalline microparticles included within pores of an inert matrix prepared by a process involving the sequential steps of dampening said inert core with a solution based on said biner, then projecting said fenofibrate microparticles in a single layer onto said dampened core, and thereafter drying before said solution based on said binder dissolves said fenofibrate microparticles and repeating said three steps in sequence until said intermediate layer is formed.

Abstract: A process is provided with apparatus for molding fiberballs into bonded polyester fiber structures in a continuous line system, whereby novel structures may be economically provided with advantages over bonded batts.

Abstract: A fusion bonded fiber product is made by compressing between heated dies a mat of moisture-containing fibers of the type that change irreversibly to an amorphous nonglossy state that permits fiber-to-fiber bonding at a characteristic critical temperature. The further compression of the partially compacted mat is stopped when the mat is a small multiple of the desired caliper for the bonded product for a period sufficient to vaporize the moisture content of the mat. During this pause, most of the vaporized moisture content of the mat is expelled as saturated steam through the mat surfaces while the temperature of the mat is still well below the critical temperature. Then, the compression of the mat is continued under continuous consolidation to the final density and caliper of the fusion bonded product while the mat is heated to a temperature above the critical temperature.

Abstract: The production of wood material particles into board or panels, such as chipboard, fiberboard, OSB panels, MDF panels and the like, involves coating the particles with a binder free of any hardener. The coated particles are deposited on a support surface in the form of a mat and then are compressed. While the particles are being compressed in a press, an acid or basic hardener in a gaseous phase or in a binary phase with a gaseous carrier agent, is introduced across and into the surface of the mat or directly into the interior mat. The compression of the mat can be performed either in a continuous double band press or a discontinuous single or multi-platen press. In a double band press, two press bands are arranged in opposed relation and the hardener is introduced into the mat in a wedge-shaped inlet zone between the press bands. The hardener flows through openings in the press band onto the surface of the mat.

Abstract: A molded article is molded from a mixed material comprising from 50-94% by weight of sub-divided straw or bagasse, from 6-30% by weight of a synthetic resin or plastics material which binds the straw or bagasse together, and from 0-44% by weight of non-vegetable fillers, the mixed material having a specific gravity of at least 1.0. The invention extends to a method for making a molded article and to compression and molding apparatus for forming a molded article.

Abstract: This invention concerns a method for adhering aramid polymers by treating them with strong base to create anionic sites on the polymer surface. Subsequent reprotonation adheres contacting aramid surfaces.

Abstract: The selection of: a hydrophobic carbohydrate polymer, e.g. ethyl cellulose; and, generally at least one digestive-difficulty soluble component, i.e. a wax, e.g. carnauba wax, fatty acid material or neutral lipid provides upon dry direct compression a controlled and continuous release matrix for tablets or implants of biologically active agents. Preferred for producing dry direct compressed products is the combination of: a hydrophobic cellulose derivative; a wax, and, a fatty acid material and/or a neutral lipid since it provides upon dry direct compression a controlled and continuous release tablet or implant of improved structurally integrity against externally imposed forces.

Abstract: A method for making a porous structure including forming a plurality of particles into a desired shape, the particles being in a size range from about 40 to about 400 microns and including from about 5 to about 100 percent by weight of microporous particles of a synthetic thermoplastic polymeric material and from about 0 to about 95 percent by weight of nonporous synthetic thermoplastic polymeric material; and subjecting the particles to an effective pressure from about 200 to about 8000 pounds per square inch, while retaining the particles in the desired shape, for a sufficient length of time to produce an integral porous structure having substantial physical integrity.

Abstract: In a process for the manufacture of a moulded product by compression of a powder or granules in a die, a powdered die lubricant is used, lubricant particles are electrically charged and the charged particles are fed to the die in advance of the moulding powder. An apparatus for carrying out the process is also provided, the apparatus including a first feed for feeding a powdered lubricant to the die, a second feed for feeding moulded powder to the die after the powdered lubricant, and means for maintaining the electrical potential of the die at a predetermined value different from that of the powdered lubricant.

Abstract: A method of making a bonded permanent magnet including the steps of dissolving, in a solvent, an uncured epoxy resin having an incorporated catalyst which is inactive at a temperature of about 120.degree. F. Particles of a rapidly quenched rare earth-iron-boron alloy are added to the epoxy resin solution. The solution with the particles are mixed at a temperature of about 120.degree. F. until the solvent is removed and the magnetic particles are substantially uniformly coated with the resin. The epoxy coated particles are then cold-pressed into a compact to form a magnet and the epoxy compact is then cured by heating.

Abstract: The process serves essentially for the thermal bonding of lightweight nonwovens. For this purpose, the nonwoven is heated up by means of air penetration on a sieve drum of a flow dryer to a high percentage of the bonding temperature, and immediately thereafter is embossed with internally heated rolls in the squeeze roll nip of a calender. The apparatus provided for conducting the process consists of a sieve drum device wherein the embossing calender is arranged.

Abstract: A process for mixing a magma that can be used to make a structural syntactic foam of very low density includes the steps of mixing and agitating the dry ingredients of the foam, principally silica microspheres, in a slant cone mixer to break up any lumps and achieve a uniform fluffy mixture, and spraying a resin/solvent solution as a fog of fine droplets into the mixture. The resulting magma is folded and agitated within the mixer until the resin uniformly coats the microspheres, and the resin is packed into a mold. The filled mold is pressurized and heated in an autoclave until the resin is cured, and then the mold is cooled and opened and the finished syntactic foam part is removed.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for the production of shaped synthetic members, in which(a) Synthetic granulated particles are mixed and coated with a conducting powder;(b) An electric current is passed through the mixture of granulated particles and conducting powder the surfaces of the granulated particles becoming plasticized;(c) The mixture of granulated particles and conducting powder is sintered to form a preform under the action of pressure;(d) The preform is extruded into a moulding cavity thus forming the shaped synthetic member.

Abstract: A carbonizable body is formed by infusing a plurality of preoxidized, preferably stabilized by known processing to have about 9 to 14 weight percent oxygen, polyacrylonitrile fibers in a polar liquid plasticizer, preferably water, capable of extracting a tarry leachate from the fibers. The infusion of the fibers in the plasticizer is continued for a sufficient time for a substantial amount of leachate to form on the surface of the fibers, and are then consolidated or diffusion-bonded to one another or other fibers, as by orienting the treated fibers in a mold and subjecting them to isostatic pressing at relatively low temperatures and pressure. Further processing of the consolidated fibers with appropriate heat treatment in an inert atmosphere will produce a carbonized bulk product with higher values of Young's modulus for the carbonized material than have been previously achieved at such carbonization temperatures.

Abstract: A carbonizable body is formed by infusing a plurality of preoxidized, preferably stabilized by known processing to have about 17 to 30 weight percent oxygen, fibers prepared from pitch, in a non-polar liquid plasticizer, typically quinoline, capable of extracting a tarry leachate from the fibers. The infusion of the fibers in the plasticizer is continued for a sufficient time for a substantial amount of leachate to form on the surface of the fibers. The treated fibers are then consolidated or diffusion-bonded to one another or other fibers, as by orienting the treated fibers in a mold and subjecting them to isostatic pressing at relatively low temperatures and pressure. Further processing of the consolidated fibers with appropriate heat treatment in an inert atmosphere will produce a carbonized bulk product with higher values of Young's modulus for the carbonized material than have been previously achieved at such carbonization temperatures.

Abstract: A process for producing flat products from particulate material comprises the steps of forming relatively smooth, castable slurry comprising a suspension of particulate material in an aqueous solution, a film-forming binder material and a dispersion of a particulate synthetic resin in an aqueous solution, depositing a coating of this slurry onto a support surface and, heating the deposited coating to a temperature at which a component of the synthetic resin volatilises. The coating may be removed from the support surface as a flat product either before or after heating to volatilize a component of the synthetic resin.

Abstract: Solid particles are coated with a uniform and continuous polyamide layer by immersion in a reaction medium capable of forming polyamides by anionic polymerization in solution.

Abstract: A method of tableting de-oiled phosphatides (lecithin) where the moisture content of granular lecithin is maintained below about 1% the aerated density above about 0.38 grams per cubic centimeter and the percent compressibility below about 15%.

Abstract: Nonwoven webs are disclosed which comprise monofilaments or fibers of a thermoplastic material. Basically, the improvement comprises the use of monofilaments or fibers which have a bilobal shaped cross-section. Nonwoven webs made according to this invention are particularly suited to be used for liners for disposable diapers as well as wraps for catamenial devices. Methods are also disclosed for producing such nonwoven webs.

Abstract: A free-flowing granulate of a powder-form or fine-grained component and a liquid component; the granulate containing at least 20% by weight of the liquid component, is prepared by moving the powder-form or fine-grained component in a mixer-granulator, adding the liquid component while mixing until a moist granulate having a particle size of at most 1.5 mm is obtained, subsequently coarsening the granulate thus obtained with an increase in temperature to a particle size of from 0.4 to 4 mm and optionally coating this coarse granulate with another powder-form and/or fine-grained component at 60.degree. to 90.degree. C. The optionally coated granulate is converted by lowering the treatment temperature into a dry-looking, free-flowing, coarse-grained product, which if desired, may be coated with another powder-form and/or fine-grained material. Despite the high percentage of a liquid component, the granulate thus obtained appears as a dry granulate and is free-flowing.

Abstract: Fire-resistant wood composites, in particular wallboards, which in addition to a wood component contain a bonding agent consisting of a finely-ground hydraulic blast-furnace slag which is activated by an activator having an alkaline reaction, advantageously by waterglass and alkali hydroxide. The invention also relates to a process for manufacture of such wood composites and to an use of finley-ground hydraulic blast-furnace slag as a bonding agent in the manufacture of such wood composites.

Abstract: This invention relates to new dosage units of medicinal agents for oral administration in the form of tablets which provide a controlled rate of release of the medicament in the gastrointestinal tract. More particularly, the invention relates to dense compressed tablets comprising mainly sustained release coated pellets processed such that the tablets disintegrate rapidly in aqueous and gastric fluids at body temperature, releasing the medicinal agent contained therein gradually over a relatively long period of time.

Abstract: A process and apparatus for producing a pressed powder body from at least two different kinds of ultrafine particles. Ultrafine particles of at least two different materials are uniformly mixed together and the mixture is sprayed onto an objective surface whereby the spray pressure causes the particles to adhere and form the pressed powder body. The apparatus includes mixing means, means for conveying the mixture of ultrafine particles, and a pressed powder body forming chamber including nozzle means for spraying the mixture of ultrafine particles, an objective surface and means for evacuating the chamber and introducing an inert gas therein.

Abstract: The invention relates to the production of granulates by using a tabletting machine comprising at least one top punch and one bottom punch which co-operate with a die formed with a bore, the top punch being displaceable into the bore from outside to compress powder accommodated in the bore and the bottom punch displaceable in the bore being displaced within the bore for ejecting the powder compressed into a tablet, the tabletting machine additionally comprising a powder feed unit which introduces the powder into the bore when the top punch is in its raised position. According to the invention, a perforated plug in the bore of the die in conjunction with a granulate stripping, transporting and collecting system arranged beneath the lower end face of the perforated plug is used instead of the displaceable bottom punch for producing granulates.

Abstract: The method of making a sewer pipe testing apparatus which uses a frangible plug to be installed within the sewage pipe system. The plug is formed by tightly compacting between a pair of mold members a quantity of a powdered substance within a section of a cylinder. The resultingly formed plug is mounted within an annular groove within the cylinder. A movable member is mounted through the side wall of the cylinder and is capable of being moved in contact with the solid plug to cause such to break apart. The solid plug is to be coated on its exterior surfaces by a plastic material which retards dissolving of the plug by water, but which material is ultimately dissolvable within water.

Abstract: A method for producing polyurethane or polyester containing therein the diacetylene group having high rigidity and useful in manufacturing precision mechanical parts, which comprises molding a polymer material containing therein the diacetylene group having a unit structure to be represented by the following general formula and a molecular weight in a range from 5.times.10.sup.2 to 1.times.10.sup.5 under a high pressure and at a temperature below the melting point of the polymer: ##STR1## wherein R is a divalent organic group; and x is an integer of 0 or 1.

Abstract: An insulating foam and a process for producing insulating foam, wherein a foamable first component may be made of alkyl sulfate, half ester of maleic anhydride and acrylic resin in an aqueous solution is mechanically foamed with air, and to that foam is added an aqueous solution of magnesium oxide, dispersant, acrylic resin, perlite and/or precipitated calcium carbonate. To those components is added an aqueous solution of at least one of aluminum chloride, magnesium sulfate, magnesium chloride, zinc chloride, sulfamic acid, sodium silicate, zinc oxide, barium metaborate, vinyl alcohol, magnesium carbonate, calcium chloride and vinyl acetate. In another embodiment a polyvinyl alcohol and dispersant first portion is foamed with air and mixed with a second cementitious portion comprising magnesium oxide and barium metaborate.

Abstract: The subject invention relates to a method of making a porous rigid structure for use as a mold and the porous rigid structure formed thereby. Finely divided metallic particles are coated with a composition comprising a fluid thermosetting resin dissolved in a volatile solvent. Similarly, carbide particles are coated with the same composition of fluid thermosetting resin dissolved in a volatile solvent. The coated metallic particles and the coated carbide particles are mixed together and compacted into a predetermined shape of particles. Metallic needles are coated with the same composition of fluid thermosetting resin dissolved in a volatile solvent and mixed with fibers thereby forming a substrate structure. The substrate and the predetermined shape of particles are then compacted into a integrally bonded bi-layer to form a rigid structure.

Abstract: An improved method is provided for producing mechanically alloyed powders on a commercial scale comprising milling the components of the powder product in a gravity-dependent-type ball mill to produce a powder having a characteristic apparent density. Powder so produced will have reached an acceptable processing level and will meet one criterion for determining whether it will be suitable for further processing to the end product.

Abstract: A low cost process of making composite products from sugar containing lignocellulosic materials, such as sugarcane bagasse and stalks of sorghum, corn, sunflower, flax, and the like, utilizing the residual sugars as bonding and bulking agent: Comminuted sugar containing lignocellulosic material wholly composed of or partially in combination with other lignocellulosic materials, in the absence of adhesive binders or bonding agents, is molded at a temperature of at least 180.degree. C., and a pressure and for a time sufficient to compound the material into a composite product. The free sugars in lignocellulosic materials act as a thermosetting adhesive binder, and provide both bonding and bulking effect. The composite thus produces possess great strength and excellent dimensional stability. These results are obtained to the greatest extent when the lignocellulosic materials contain higher proportion of sugars.

Abstract: Novel particulate polymeric materials which can be arranged in a predetermined three dimensional pattern in or on a surface, fused and cooled to provide fused, three dimensional polymeric articles. The particulate polymeric materials have the capability to provide a release coating about the fused polymeric article which permits removal of the article from the surface carrying the article.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing shaped articles of organic substance is disclosed, which comprises mixing an organic substance as raw material with a binder, filling a die with the resultant binder-containing mixture, compressing the mixture in a prescribed shape in the die, and forcing a gaseous curing agent through the compressed mixture thereby curing the binder in the mixture and consequently solidifying the compressed mass. This method enables shaped articles such as noise absorbers, heat insulation panels, and plate materials to be produced efficiently and inexpensively at low energy consumption by the use of an inexpensive die.

Abstract: A binder for use in the preparation of a synthetic board from cellulosic and/or lignocellulosic material comprising an organic polyisocyanate and a mixture of reactive hydrogen-containing compounds having an average of more than one reactive hydrogen atom per molecule, the mixture containing an ester and/or an amide having a hydrocarbon content sufficient to bring about enhanced board release in the board-forming process and to contribute to superior moisture resistance in the finished board.

Abstract: This invention relates to a process and an apparatus for producing tablets of good quality with minimal waste by compressing granulated matter at a regulated temperature. An important advantage of the invention is that it permits direct tabletting of active ingredients without the need to include additives in the tablets.

Abstract: Disclosed in accordance with the invention is a method for fiberboard manufacture comprising the steps of steaming and grinding woodchips to obtain a wood pulp, using said wood pulp to prepare a slurry of wood pulp in water, mixing said slurry with a binder, a cure catalyst for the binder, a water-repellent additive, peat, and carbamide to obtain a mixture, casting said mixture and dewatering said mixture to obtain a mat, and compacting said mat to obtain fiberboard which is subjected to heat treatment, in which method the peat used has a moisture content of between 25 and 70 percent and the peat content in said mixture is between 2.5 and 50 percent by mass, with the ratio of absolutely dry peat to said binder equal to between 1.0-7:1.0, respectively, while the carbamide content in said mixture is between 0.2 and 2.0 percent by mass, with the ratio of said carbamide to said binder equal to between 0.02-1:1, respectively.

Abstract: A new method for making polymeric systems for the sustained release of macromolecular drugs is described. The method consists of mixing drug and polymer, e.g. ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer powders below the glass transition temperature of the polymer, and compressing the mixture at a temperature above the glass transition point. The macromolecule is not exposed to organic solvent during the fabrication process. The sustained release and bioactivity of macromolecules is unchanged throughout the pressure casting and release processes.

Abstract: The present invention relates to methods and implementation, including apparatus comprising a two-stage, single-unit, and energy-efficient rotary drum-type granulator-dryer device having a granulator section and a separate dryer section in a new and novel combination designed for continuously granulating and/or ammoniating, and subsequently drying, respectively, a variety of materials together with specific processes for effecting such granulating and/or ammoniating, and subsequent drying.