Abstract: A refractory wall comprises a hotface layer comprising a hotface surface configured to be adjacent to a carbonaceous gasification environment, a backing layer facing the hotface layer, and a cooling layer facing the backing layer and configured to cool the hotface layer via the backing layer. A gasification device and a gasification process are also presented.

Abstract: A supporting frame and thin stave cooler for a metallurgical furnace comprises a metal structure fastened to the cold face of the thin stave cooler that adds strength and rigidity. The thin stave cooler itself is lightened, thinned, and simplified to take optimal advantage of the supporting frame and its provisions for mounting and attaching the thin stave cooler assembly to the inside walls of a furnace containment shell. Water is circulated in the thin stave cooler through feed and discharge piping connections that pass through the supporting frame and are sleeved by protection sleeves. The protection sleeves can serve as a primary or secondary support system when they are welded between the furnace containment shell and the supporting frame when first installed.

Abstract: A cooling system comprises serpentine cooling fluid passages cast into a work piece with carefully controlled turning radii and profiles. Individual interdigitated baffles are contoured in the plane of coolant flow to have walls that thicken and then round off at their distal ends. The outside radii at these turns is similarly rounded and controlled such that the coolant flow will not be swirled into eddies.

Abstract: A multiple moving hearth furnace (10) having a furnace housing (11) with at least two moving hearths (20) positioned laterally within the furnace housing, the hearths moving in opposite directions and each moving hearth (20) capable of being charged with at least one layer of iron oxide and carbon bearing material at one end, and being capable of discharging reduced material at the other end. A heat insulating partition (92) is positioned between adjacent moving hearths of at least portions of the conversion zones (13), and is capable of communicating gases between the atmospheres of the conversion zones of adjacent moving hearths. A drying/preheat zone (12), a conversion zone (13), and optionally a cooling zone (15) are sequentially positioned along each moving hearth (30) in the furnace housing (11).

Abstract: Provided is a method for producing hot briquette iron by hot-forming high-temperature reduced iron reduced in a reducing furnace, involving cooling the high-temperature reduced iron and controlling the temperature of the reduced iron to an appropriate hot-forming temperature of over 600° C. and 750° C. or less, producing hot briquette iron by hot-forming the high-temperature reduced iron at an appropriate hot-forming temperature with a briquetting machine.

Abstract: The invention relates to a cooling element to be used in the structure of a pyromettalurgical reactor used in the manufacturing of metals, which cooling element comprises a housing element mainly made of copper, provided with a channel system for the cooling medium circulation, made of pipe that is mainly made of copper; on the outer surface of the pipes forming the channel system, there is arranged a coating that has a lower melting point than the material of the housing element and the pipe. The invention also relates to a method for manufacturing the cooling element.

Abstract: A process for sintering metal-containing materials, such as iron ores or manganese ores, on a sintering machine including a sintering belt for transporting the sinter mix during sintering thereof. The sintering belt has first, second and third portions. Sintering waste gas from the third portion is transported to and unified with sintering waste gas from the first portion in a mixing region to form a mixed gas, wherein the transporting distance of the sintering waste gas from the third portion to the mixing region is greater than the transporting distance of the sintering waste gas from the first portion to the mixing region. An apparatus for carrying out the process is disclosed, including the sintering belt, suction boxes operative at the portions of the belt, and lines for conveying the gas produced and the gases used in the process.

Abstract: The invention relates to a cooling element to be used in the structure of a pyromettalurgical reactor used in the manufacturing of metals, which cooling element comprises a housing element mainly made of copper, provided with a channel system for the cooling medium circulation, made of pipe that is mainly made of copper; on the outer surface of the pipes forming the channel system, there is arranged a coating that has a lower melting point than the material of the housing element and the pipe. The invention also relates to a method for manufacturing the cooling element.

Abstract: Systems and methods provide a cooling device for a blast furnace that may prevent an excessive amount of coolant from entering the blat furnace and may be easily installed in a conventional blast furnace. Systems and methods may provide a cooling device for a blast furnace that may prevent an excessive amount of coolant from entering the blast furnace and may be simple and cost effective to manufacture. The end of a heat pipe (202) that is outside of the furnace may be configured to interact with a heat sink (210). The heat sink (210) may be for example, a separate amount of coolant that is circulated outside of the furnace, an evaporative cooling system, and/or any other system or method of cooling the heat pipe (202) that transfers heat from the heat pipe (202) to the heat sink (210). Because the coolant within the heat pipe (202) is sealed within the heat pipe (202), only the small, fixed amount of coolant that. is within the heat pipe (202) will enter the furnace should the cooling plate (200) rupture.

Abstract: The present invention generally relates to apparatuses and methods for use in metal melting, refining and/or other processing, such as, for example, steel making in an electric arc furnace (EAF), and more particularly, to improved burner panels and related methods for the introduction of various energy sources, such as, for example, chemical energy and particulates.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for the direct reduction of iron oxide utilizes a hearth furnace having a vitreous hearth layer of conditioning materials, with the vitreous hearth layer introduced onto a refractory surface of the furnace. The vitreous hearth layer may have upper layers of coating compounds including carbonaceous materials, onto which iron oxide feed material is placed with the carbonaceous materials assisting with segregating the reduced molten iron nuggets from the vitreous hearth layer. The conditioning materials may include compounds such as silicon oxide, magnesium oxide, iron oxides, and aluminum oxide. The conditioning materials are placed in solid or liquid form on the refractory surface, which allows the conditioning materials to raise the melting temperature of the vitreous hearth layer onto which the coating compounds and iron oxide materials are placed.

Abstract: The present invention is: a cooling apparatus, capable of extending the service life of a blast furnace by suppressing the molten-iron-induced erosion of a carbon brick in the sidewall of a blast furnace bottom by preventing the cooling ability for the carbon brick from deteriorating, structured to bond a metal cooler to the carbon brick with an adhesive containing carbon powder, a synthetic resin and a hardening agent, and form a bonding layer containing 50 mass % or more, preferably 50 to 85 mass %, of solid carbon between the cooler and the carbon brick; and a cooling apparatus according to the above further structured to embed anchor bolts at an end in the carbon brick, have the other end of the anchor bolts pierce the cooler, and fasten the cooler to the carbon brick with the anchor bolts by tightening lock nuts with washers having a spring function provided between the nuts and the cooler.

Abstract: The present invention is an apparatus and method for the direct reduction of iron oxide utilizing a rotary hearth furnace to form a high purity carbon-containing iron metal button. The hearth layer may be a refractory or a vitreous hearth layer of iron oxide, carbon, and silica compounds. Additionally, coating materials may be introduced onto the refractory or vitreous hearth layer before iron oxide ore and carbon materials are added, with the coating materials preventing attack of the molten iron on the hearth layer. The coating materials may include compounds of carbon, iron oxide, silicon oxide, magnesium oxide, and/or aluminum oxide. The coating materials may be placed as a solid or a slurry on the hearth layer and heated, which provides a protective layer onto which the iron oxide ores and carbon materials are placed. The iron oxide is reduced and forms molten globules of high purity iron and residual carbon, which remain separate from the hearth layer.

Abstract: The present invention is an apparatus and method for the direct reduction of iron oxide utilizing a rotary hearth furnace to form a high purity carbon-containing iron metal button. The hearth layer may be a refractory or a vitreous hearth layer of iron oxide, carbon, and silica compounds. Additionally, coating materials may be introduced onto the refractory or vitreous hearth layer before iron oxide ore and carbon materials are added, with the coating materials preventing attack of the molten iron on the hearth layer. The coating materials may include compounds of carbon, iron oxide, silicon oxide, magnesium oxide, and/or aluminum oxide. The coating materials may be placed as a solid or a slurry on the hearth layer and heated, which provides a protective layer onto which the iron oxide ores and carbon materials are placed. The iron oxide is reduced and forms molten globules of high purity iron and residual carbon, which remain separate from the hearth layer.

Abstract: A structural member of a furnace body for a shaft furnace includes a metallic structural member (1) having a flow path for a coolant therein; inner furnace refractories (2) provided on a cooling surface of the metallic structural member; metallic supporting members (3) for connecting which support the inner furnace refractories on the metallic structural member; and heat insulating members (4) arranged between the metallic supporting members and the inner furnace refractories.

Abstract: A traveling hearth for producing reduced metal by charging and stacking a raw material containing a metal-containing material and a solid-reducing material on a horizontally moving hearth, arranged for disposing a solid-reducing material layer on the hearth, forming concave portions at the solid-reducing material surface, stacking the raw material on the surface of the solid-reducing material layer, reducing the raw material by at least once heating and melting the material on the hearth to separate metal and gangue and ash ingredients, and discharging metal from the hearth.

Abstract: A process is described for direct production of cast iron starting from iron bearing ore in an apparatus having two communicating chambers in which to carry out the process, comprising the following operations: pre-reduction and pre-heating to founding point of the iron bearing ore in a first substantially cylindrical chamber; final reduction, carburization and founding of the resulting iron in a second chamber arranged below said first chamber, provide the reducing gas both in said second and in said first chamber, provide the reducing gas both in said second and in said first chamber, characterized by the fact that: said iron bearing ore and oxygen are introduced into said first chamber through the side walls thereof, simultaneously but separating, the oxygen being introduced at a speed lower or equal to the speed of introduction of said iron bearing ore; and said oxygen, coal and flux are introduced into said second chamber simultaneously but separately through the side walls thereof and in a manner inclin

Abstract: In the structure of a stave for cooling carbon fire-bricks laid on a hearth side wall of a blast furnace, the stave arranged between the carbon fire-bricks on the hearth side wall and a shell is made of a rolled steel plate. The stave body is formed in such a manner that a cooling water passage is formed by drilling the steel plate directly, or the steel plate on which grooves are formed is joined onto another steel plate to be used as a cover. A cooling water feed port and a cooling water discharge port are provided on the outside of the stave body, and these ports are connected to the cooling water passage.

Abstract: A process and an apparatus for the production of iron oxides having low chloride ion content comprising charging of a free HCl containing iron chloride solution into a spray roaster with a feeding device and a spray boom for charging the iron chloride containing solution into a reaction chamber heated by combustion gases thermally decomposing the solution into iron oxide, HCl gas and reaction gases a discharging device for the iron oxide and a cooling zone between the burner's focal plane and the discharging device cooling of iron oxide granules to temperatures at less than 450.degree. C. reducing the concentration of HCl gas to less than 10 volume percent charging the layer of iron oxide granules onto a conveyor plate charged with hot steam and feeding the exhaust gases into the central combustion duct of the spray roaster. The resulting iron oxide has a residual chloride ion content of less than 500 ppm Cl.sup.- and a specific surface area in excess of 3.5 m.sup.3 /g.

Abstract: The present invention concerns a slab (1) for cooling a blast furnace and made of a mass of copper or high-copper alloy forged or rolled into a blank.The edges of the slab accommodate narrower vertical and horizontal part-way bores (13 & 14) disposed around vertical part-way bores (3).Coolant is supplied to and removed from the narrower bores through sections (5 & 5') of pipe and to and from the other bores though connections (2 & 2').The slab can be additionally secured to the furnace's armor by way of a cutout (12) in the surface facing away from the interior of the furnace and engaged by a bolt mounted on the armor. The slab is secured to the furnace by fasteners that engage threaded bores (9) in the slab.

Abstract: A distributing chute for installation in a furnace, particularly suitable for use in a bell-less charging system of a blast furnace, comprises heat-resistant ceramic tiles on its underside. These ceramic tiles are inserted between, and secured by, hollow sections which are attached to the chute body and through which a cooling medium is passed. The ceramic tiles preferably include lateral grooves; the hollow sections being fitted in the lateral grooves for securing the ceramic tiles.

Abstract: An arrangement for cooling vessel portions of a furnace (1) having a cooling box which is fitted into a wall or cover region to be cooled or which forms a wall or cover region and which, towards the furnace interior (6), includes a heat exchange plate (2) which is acted upon with cooling fluid through a plurality of spray nozzles (3). The heat exchange plate (2) is in the form of a composite plate comprising a steel plate (8) on the side towards the furnace interior (6) and a copper layer (9) on the side of the spray nozzles.

Abstract: A panel 1, 1A, adapted for the flow of coolant, therethrough, comprising coolant flow tubing having a coolant inlet aperture 11C at an inlet end of the coolant flow tubing and a coolant outlet aperture 12A at an outlet end of the coolant flow tubing, characterized in that the coolant flow tubing comprising a plurality of elongate tube lengths 2, 2A, 2B formed from hollow rectangular section material, the tube lengths 2, 2A, 2B being disposed in parallel relationship, either stacked one on top of the other or side-by-side, with adjacent external faces of adjacent top and bottom walls 3, 4 of adjacent tube lengths 2, 2A, 2B abutting one another, with the end of each tube length 2, 2A, 2B closed off, and with coolant flow apertures 11, 11A, 11B, 12, 12A, 12B communicating between adjacent tube lengths 2, 2A, 2B adjacent the ends thereof such that, in use, coolant flows in at one end of each tube length, along the tube length, and out at the other end of each tube length, to and through successive tube lengths of

Abstract: A forced cooling, metallic, refractory coated, high strength, modular, extreme heat withstanding, long life lining element for partial or total lining of metallurgical furnaces above the hot metal and slag levels, in particular melting Electric Arc and Plasma Arc Furnaces, with automatic coolant flow control, is disclosed. In accordance with the invention the forced cooling lining element consists of at least three (3) seamless, heavy wall boiler type pipes, arranged in generally parallel, eccentrically spaced non-contacting relation, with circular spacers, neighboring pipes being interconnected by welded mitres and elbows to create series or series-parallel serpentine and zig-zag structural pattern. The hot face of the pipes is provided with protective refractory anchoring system consisting of multitude coaxially and diagonally to the pipes arranged intermittent protuberances.

Abstract: Method and apparatus for smelting a sulfidic ore concentrate such as a copper concentrate in which the concentrate is smelted in an oxidizing atmosphere, the melt is after-treated with reducing gases from a plurality of lances which blow the reducing gases onto the melt in the form of concentrated streams of high kinetic energy and form a metal-rich phase and a slag phase. The improvement of the present invention is concerned with oxidizing the concentrate sufficiently to form an enriched metal matte containing more than 75% by weight metal at a throughput of more than 500 metric tons per day, the oxidizing being carried out in a smelting cyclone operating as a steam generator and at a sufficiently high temperature so that the heat transferred to the cyclone walls is at least 500,000 Kcal/sq. m. of cyclone wall/hr.

Abstract: An improved water-cooled, liningless cupola wherein the lower portion of the water-cooled body section, including the high heat area above the tuyeres, tapers inwardly toward the bottom with the taper terminating a short distance above the tuyeres and with the remainder of the bottom end of the body section, which includes the tuyere area, being either cylindrical or outwardly tapered. Preferably, the cylindrical or outwardly tapered bottom end portion plus an upper adjacent section of the inwardly tapered lower portion are provided with a multiplicity of interiorly projecting studs which serve to anchor the initial refractory lining and, thereafter, skull after it is formed.

Abstract: A copper or copper alloy ingot is forged or rolled into a plate; blind bores are deep-drilled into the plate from one of its narrow edges and plugged; inlet and outlet nipples for the ducts are provided on the rear surface; and the front surface of the plate is provided with grooves or short sleeves for holding a fireproof lining structure or material.

Abstract: A metallurgical furnace is equipped with interconnected cooling pipes which are supported by structure which includes horizontal rings arranged as a cage around the furnace.

Abstract: A furnace system for smelting ore concentrate and the like which includes a furnace housing provided with wall means which divide the housing into a smelting shaft, an exhaust gas shaft and a settling hearth. The settling hearth and the smelting shaft are separated by a partition wall preventing gaseous interaction therebetween but permitting liquid flow therebetween. In accordance with the invention, the partition wall between the exhaust gas shaft and the smelting shaft, as well as the wall between the settling hearth and the smelting shaft and exhaust gas shaft comprises a supporting frame on which there are a plurality of interengaged cooling elements which are releasably secured to the supporting frame and are provided with means for circulating a coolant therethrough.

Abstract: A furnace assembly of the type used for melting of ore concentrate, wherein at least one separating wall is provided within the confines of the furnace to dip into the melt and divides the furnace space into separate melting, settling, and exhaust spaces. The specific improvement of the present invention involves providing a separating wall which is composed of individual metallic cooling elements in a stacked arrangement with each cooling element being provided with means for passing a coolant therethrough.

Abstract: The subject of the invention is a method of prevention of deep infiltration of copper into a lining of a smelting furnace for direct obtaining of copper from ore concentrates and copper ores.The essence of the invention consists in that to the lower part of the hearth (2) of a furnace a cooling medium is delivered which is distributed in streams below a lining (1) of the furnace. Particular layers (1) of the hearth (2) have good heat conductivity, and in the lower part of the hearth (2) channels (4) are situated which serve for distribution of the cooling medium. The solution according to the invention prevents completely an excessive temperature increase of the furnace jacket.

Abstract: To improve the resistance to abrasion during use of cooled components, such as tuyeres and stack and bosh coolers, in furnaces a refractory or a metal with greater abrasion resistance than the metal, which is normally copper or a copper alloy, used for the main body of the component is introduced during casting into the cast walls of the components. The added material may be in the form of one or more segments, a mesh, or in discrete particles and is located at or just below the surface at the nose (24) of the component. Examples of the materials which may be used are particles (44,48) of so-called "hard metals" which comprise hard sintered carbides, such as tungsten carbide; stainless steel meshes and expanded elements (10,40,42) of varying thickness; and various compressed refractories capable of withstanding the thermal shock in a matrix of copper.

Abstract: A cooling device for a converter opening, such as a Peirce-Smith copper converter, has been disclosed wherein a cooling medium, which is a combustible liquid of high temperature cracking characteristics, is introduced in cooling conduits floatingly disposed in a refractory material lining an opening of a converter, through which, at high temperatures, the contents thereof are discharged. The lower vapor pressure of the cooling medium, the expansion and contraction of the conduit in individual cooling segments and the maintaining of the cooling medium under pressure improves the operation of the converter.

Abstract: The invention concerns heat exchange devices for cooling the wall and the refractory of a blast furnace. Such a device, constituting a cooling box, comprises:a closed enclosure, elongated and having a shape of revolution or substantially of revolution, this enclosure comprising an outer end and an inner end,an axial chamber defining with said enclosure an annular chamber, this axial chamber comprising an outer end and an inner end,a supply orifice for feeding a cooling liquid into the axial chamber through its outer end.

Abstract: A box for cooling, by water circulation, the plating of blast-furnaces. This box comprises:a nose, directed towards the inside of the blast-furnace in the mounting position of the box, made from copper or from an essentially copper based alloy and defining at least one capacity for the cooling water provided with at least one water inlet and at least one water outlet,water delivery and discharge tubes connected respectively, on the one hand, to a water supply and to a water discharge and, on the other hand, to said water inlet and outlet of the nose, anda tubular steel body surrounding said tubes, and fixed sealingly to the nose.

Abstract: The steam which develops during water cooling of a furnace is withdrawn from the cooling system of the furnace, introduced into a distillation plant wherein it is subjected to at least partial condensation, and the thus-obtained condensate is recirculated into the cooling system of the furnace. An apparatus for carrying out the method is also disclosed.

Abstract: A suspension smelting furnace system for suspension smelting of finely-divided sulfidic and/or oxidic ores or concentrates is disclosed. The furnace system has a horizontal lower furnace to which the lower ends of at least one vertical suspension reaction shaft and one rising-flow shaft are connected, with devices at the upper end of the suspension reaction shaft for producing a suspension of the finely-divided raw material with an oxygen containing gas and for directing the suspension downwards in the reaction shaft perpendicular to the surface of melt accumulated in the lower furnace in order to discharge most of the suspension into the melt. The rising-flow shaft includes means for removing the residual suspension, and there are means for removing slag, metal and matte from the lower furnace.

Abstract: In an evaporative cooling method by natural circulation of cooling water by the use of an evaporative cooling device comprising a cooling pipe fitted to an object to be cooled and a steam separator drum arranged above said cooling pipe, said cooling pipe and said steam separator drum being connected together by a downcomer and a riser, the cooling water in said cooling pipe is kept in complete liquid state and part of cooling water is evaporated only in said riser and said steam separator drum by setting parameters to satisfy the following formula:Q/V.sup.. .rho..sup.. c<.DELTA.T.sub.eq (P.sub.o, Ph.sub.3)WhereQ : Thermal load acting on said cooling pipeV : Amount of circulated cooling water in said cooling pipe.rho. : Lensity of cooling waterc : Specific heat of cooling waterP.sub.o : Pressure of said steam separator drumPh.sub.3 : Pressure of cooling water in the uppermost part of said cooling pipe.DELTA.T.sub.eq (P.sub.o, Ph.sub.3) : Boiling equilibrium temperature difference between P.sub.o and Ph.sub.

Abstract: In a closed circuit system for circulating cooling water to various parts of a shaft type furnace, particularly a blast furnace, the closed circuit includes a water cooling device and two separate feed lines disposed in parallel and each arranged to cool different parts of the furnace. Two tanks are connected to the closed circuit, one located above and the other below the circuit. An electric pump circulates the cooling water during normal operation. If a power failure occurs, the electric pump is shut down and one feed line is automatically cut out of the closed circuit and receives flow from the upper tank and discharges it into the lower tank. The other feed line continues to receive the cooling water circulated through the closed circuit including the cooling device by an internal combustion driven pump which is started up when the power failure occurs.