Abstract: The method introduces additives into flowing gas, fluid or fluidized media in a pulsed high pressure manner. The nozzle needle of at least one nozzle is variable and highly precisely moved for the introduction by means of a device and in such a way that additive is dosed exactly in relation to the volume flow of the medium. The pulsating additive stream is injected into the flowing medium by at least one well-aimed nozzle opening. The additives are dosed by means of a pressure that can be variably adjusted by pulse width and pulse frequency. The desired homogenous distribution is obtained by the penetrating injection jet.

Abstract: The method introduces additives into a flowing melt or fluidized metallic/ceramic powder media in a pulsed high pressure manner. The nozzle needle of at least one nozzle is variable and highly precisely moved for the introduction by means of a device and in such a way that additive is dosed exactly in relation to the volume flow of the medium. The pulsating additive stream is injected into the flowing medium by at least one well-aimed nozzle opening. The additives are dosed by means of a pressure that can be variably adjusted by pulse width and pulse frequency. The desired homogenous distribution is obtained by the penetrating injection jet.

Abstract: A feed apparatus feed apparatus for delivering particulate material to a foundry furnace having disposed therein a furnace form defining an annulus with the furnace exterior wall for receipt of the particulate material. The novel feed apparatus broadly includes a cover, having a top end, side wall, and a bottom end, the latter of which is adapted to fit on top of the furnace ring or melt deck floor; a rotatable tabletop that is adapted to fit on the top end of the cover while permitting air ingress into the cover and having at least one access port for delivering the particulate material into the interior of the cover; a form top that is adapted to fit within the cover on top of the furnace form to facilitate delivery of said particulate material into the annulus made by the furnace form and the furnace exterior wall; means for rotating the tabletop about the centerline of the cover; and means for centering the tabletop as it rotates about the centerline of the cover.

Abstract: A device for processing iron alloys in a vessel is described. A reaction chamber for receiving at least one alloying material is arranged in the bottom of the vessel and a sprue of refractory material is arranged concentrically above the reaction chamber to form a gap between the lower end of the sprue and the upper delimitation of the reaction chamber.

Abstract: The following invention relates to an injector-burner for applications in the metalwork field, in particular for use in electric arc furnace melting processes having a frontal head with two series of holes arranged in two concentric crowns, the inner crown of holes used to feed fuel and the outer crown used to supply a supporter of combustion. A central hole is also provided, which is fitted with an oxygen injection nozzle. The holes of the two crowns are divided into groups separated by circular sectors without holes, in order to create a number of flames and are inclined in such a way as to give the gases supplied, and consequentially the flame generated, a rotation around the injector-burner axis. By regulating the flow-rates of the fuel and the supporter of combustion supplied to the various holes, the injector-burner is able to regulate the flame shape in burner mode and also in injection mode, thus guaranteeing optimum performance in all modes.

Abstract: A powder feeding assembly for feeding a flame-melting device is disclosed. The powder feeding assembly includes a powder holding chamber with a screening member and a brush assembly disposed therein. The brush assembly includes at least one bristle element having a distal and a proximal end. The distal end is disposed proximate to the screening member. Powder held in the powder holding chamber is urged through one or more openings in the screening member by rotating the brush assembly. The powder is then delivered to an input section of the flame-melting device for processing.

Abstract: A direct smelting plant for producing molten metal from a metalliferous feed material is disclosed. The plant includes a fixed smelting vessel to hold a molten bath of metal and slag and a gas space above the bath. The plant also includes means for supplying solids and gas feed materials to the vessel and for tapping molten material from the vessel. The plant also includes at least two platforms for supporting plant operators at different heights of the vessel. The metal tapping means and the slag tapping means are located so as to be accessible by plant operators on a cast house platform and the end metal tapping means and the end slag tapping means are located to be accessible by plant operators on an end tap platform that is at a lower height than the cast house platform.

Abstract: A strainer for molten metal. The strainer comprises a well and a multiplicity of passages. Each passage comprises a first cavity a second cavity with a smaller equivalent diameter than the first cavity. A neck is between the first cavity and second cavity. An inoculation pellet is received in the well.

Abstract: A device for processing iron alloys in a vessel is described. A reaction chamber (3) for receiving at least one alloying material is arranged in the bottom of the vessel (1) and a sprue (2) of refractory material is arranged concentrically above the reaction chamber (3) toform a gap (4) between the lower end of th esprue (2) and the upper delimitation of the reaction chamber (3).

Abstract: A method for inoculating molten iron. The method comprises passing the molten iron through a filter assembly at an approach velocity of about 1 to about 60 cm/sec. The filter assembly comprises a filter element and an inoculation pellet in contact with the filter element. The pellet has an inoculant dissolution rate of at least 1 mg/sec. to no more than 320 mg/sec. and comprises about 40-99.9%, by weight, carrier comprising ferrosilicon. The pellet further comprises about 0.1-60%, by weight, at least one inoculating agent selected from a group consisting of cerium, strontium, zirconium, calcium, manganese, barium, bismuth, magnesium, titanium and aluminum or from rare earths.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for optimized mixing in a common hearth in a plasma furnace. The apparatus provides a main hearth, a plurality of optional refining hearths, and a plurality of casting molds or direct molds whereby the refining hearths and molds define at least two separate ingot making lines. A feed chute provides raw material to the main hearth, whereby the feed chute is moveable to optimize its position during operation of the main hearth. Most particularly, the feed chute is moveable to provide better mixing, minimize skull build-up, and optimally place it opposite the overflow in use.

Abstract: Rotary injector for injecting gas into a liquid metal includes a drive shaft, stirring means, means for circulating the gas and means for emitting the gas. The emitting means is entirely or partially made of at least one material capable of being wetted by the liquid metal.

Abstract: A tool or fluxing head for fluxing molten metal that comprises a fluxing gas supply line that communicates with the interior of an inverted plunger cup providing a hollow interior into which refining agents and other additives that are to be introduced into a molten metal can be incorporated. In use, the fluxing head is introduced into a molten metal body with the plunger cup in the inverted position. The inverted plunger cup has a closed top at the point where the gas supply line enters and an open bottom that allows molten metal to enter the inverted cup to make contact with the refining agent or other additive. Apertures are provided in the wall of the inverted plunger cup to allow gas introduced therein to escape therefrom. According to a preferred embodiment, a porous layer is provided at the top of the inverted plunger cup to allow for the escape of gas into the molten metal through the porous layer.

Abstract: An apparatus is provided for the treatment of molten metal, e.g. aluminum, with a particulate treatment agent and a gas. This includes a vessel for holding molten metal, a rotary device for breaking up particulate treatment agent and gas within the molten metal and for dispersing particulate treatment agent and gas within the molten metal contained in the vessel and means for supplying the particulate treatment agent and gas to the rotary device. The rotary device includes a hollow shaft having a rotor with an axial opening fixed to the discharge end of the shaft, this rotor being in the form of an annular plate with a plurality of radially mounted upwardly directed blades projecting from the top face of the annular plate and a plurality of radially mounted downwardly directed blades projecting from the bottom face of the annular plate.

Abstract: A device for regulating the flow of particulate material comprising a first, inlet conduit having an outlet end, and a second, outlet conduit aligned with the first conduit and having an inlet end sufficiently close to the outlet end of the first conduit as to receive at least a portion of a particulate material flow exiting the first conduit. The lateral relationship of the adjacent ends of the two conduits is adjusted to change the area of the inlet end exposed to material leaving the first conduit to adjust the flow of particulate material through the second conduit; material which does not enter the second conduit is recycled. The device is particularly useful for regulating the flow of small quantities of metal powder being fed to a laser consolidation process. The invention also includes the method of regulating by lateral adjustment of the adjacent conduit ends.

Abstract: A rotary furnace apparatus is provided for rapid melting of a variety of virgin and recycled ferrous and non-ferrous metals, which distributes the introduction of the unmelted charge materials and hence the melting heat requirements along an elongate gas-solid-liquid reaction zone within the furnace, according to the distribution of heat available to effect melting. In the case of fine-sized metal charge materials, fluxes and additive reagents, a longitudinally traversing solids injection lance projecting into the furnace is provided with nozzle directed to project a jet of charge down into the bath as it traverses successively backwards and forwards. A traversing oscillating conveyor is provided for coarse-sized scrap metals and the like.

Abstract: A molten bath-based direct smelting process for producing ferrous metal from a ferrous feed material is disclosed. The process is characterised by injecting pre-heated air downwardly into metallurgical vessel at an angle of 20 to 90° C. relative to a horizontal axis and at a temperature of 800-1400° C. and at a velocity of 200-600 m/s via at least one lance (27). This step forces molten material in the region of a lower end of the lance away from the lance and forming a “free” space around the lower end of the lance that has a concentration of molten material that is lower than the molten material concentration in the raised bath. The process is further characterised in that the lance is located so that: (i) the lance extends into the vessel a distance that is at least the outer diameter of the lower end of the lance; and (ii) the lower end of the lance is at least 3 times the outer diameter of the lower end of the lance above a quiescent surface of the molten bath.

Abstract: A refractory nozzle is provided for arrangement in or on a wall of a metallurgical crucible, particularly for steel melts, having a discharge duct surrounding a flow passage, wherein the discharge duct has a surface delimiting the flow passage and an outer housing. In order to improve the known solutions of the prior art, one embodiment of the nozzle is characterized by the discharge duct having an upper part and a lower part with the lower part being fixed in or on the upper part, wherein the surface of the upper part delimiting the flow passage is made of a different material than the surface of the lower part delimiting the flow passage. In a second embodiment the nozzle is characterized by the discharge duct having an upper part and a lower part with the lower part being fixed on or in the upper part, wherein the diameter of the flow passage in the upper part is greater than the diameter in the lower part.

Abstract: A refractory nozzle is provided for arrangement in the wall of metallurgic vessels, especially for steel melts. The nozzle has a passage opening with an upper end and a bottom end, an inside wall of a solid electrolyte material enclosing the passage opening. At least one electrode is arranged on an outer side of the solid electrolyte material facing away from the passage opening and having connecting lines leading electro-conductively therefrom. Thermal insulating material at least partially encloses the outer side of the solid electrolyte material and the electrode. The at least one electrode is essentially made of a metal which has a melting point of at least about 1400° C. and/or of at least one of its oxides.

Abstract: The invention presents an immersion nozzle having corrosion resistance to steel of high oxygen content or type of steel treated with calcium, and capable of preventing adheres and deposits of molten steel and oxide inclusions on the nozzle inner wall, in which at least a part of its portion contacting with molten steel is composed of a refractory material containing 50 wt. % or more of a principal component including one or more types of magnesia, alumina, spinel, zirconia, mullite, and silica, and also 0.3 to 15 wt. % of boron nitride, and an organic binder.

Abstract: A device in connection with a rotor (9) for the treatment of a liquid such as molten metal in a reactor (20) or similar structure. Gas and/or particulate material is supplied to the liquid, preferably via the rotor shaft (8) and through openings (18) from a cavity (16) in the rotor. The rotor shaft (8) extends up through the base of the reactor (20) and is arranged so that it may rotate inside a stator pipe (3) which extends up from the base of the reactor. The rotor shaft and the stator pipe extend through an opening (21) in the lower side of the rotor (9) and into the cavity (16) in the rotor. Expediently, the rotor shaft (8) is connected to the rotor (9) via a fixing device (13) inside the rotor cavity, while the stator pipe (3) ends in the cavity (16).

Abstract: The invention concerns a method and an installation for minimising the local wear of a bell during a ladle treatment of a liquid metal by rotating the bell about an axis during the treatment of the liquid metal.

Abstract: A powder injector for a ladle of molten metal having an exposed upper level with a given shape. The injector comprises a splash deflector with a cast body of heat resistant material with a downwardly facing lower surface defining an outer periphery and maintained above the upper level of molten metal, an elongated powder injection lance with a tubular body extending vertically from above the deflector surface to a position substantially below the surface and into the molten metal and a directional outlet nozzle directed at a transverse angle to the lance body in a direction below the surface of the splash deflector and an upper member mounting the lance with respect to the splash deflector with the nozzle directed into the molten metal substantially below the lower surface and within the periphery of the lower surface.

Abstract: The apparatus of the present invention includes a molten metal vessel system for casting molten metal, the system comprising: (a) a vessel containing a molten metal adapted to contain and dispense the molten metal for casting, the vessel having interior surfaces and the molten metal forming an upper surface; (b) a submerged entry nozzle extending below the upper surface; and (c) a surface and/or a submerged flow modifier member disposed between at least one of the interior surfaces and the submerged entry nozzle. The surface and/or submerged flow modifiers work to impede the formation of waves in the upper surface of the molten metal. The present invention also includes a method for improving the quality of a continuous casting process.

Abstract: Direct smelting plant for producing molten metal from a metalliferous feed material induces a smelting vessel 11 to hold a molten metal and slag bath beneath a hot gas space. Solids injection lances 27 extend downwardly and inwardly through side walls of the vessel and hot oxidising gas is directed downwardly into the gas space by a central vertical gas injection lance 26. The plant layout is divided into four functional zones spaced circumferentially around vessel 11 and radiating outwardly from the vessel. Zone 1 contains an overhead hot gas delivery duct 31 supplying gas to lance 26 and an offgas duct 32; Zone 2 contains a forehearth 19 and forehearth tapping launder 34; Zone 3 contains slag notches 45 and slag launders 46; and Zone 4 contains a primary slag drain taphole and launder 48. This layout minimises the potential for interference between the transport of the hot gases, the metaliferous feed material, and the molten metal and slag.

Abstract: Alloying and/or reducing powder is pumped directly into the steel melt at a pressure of at least 20 bar, preferably at least 40 bar, with at most 20% of a fluidizing agent and the powder is discharged from the delivery line by a plunger extending across the cross section thereof.

Abstract: A component adjustor is added to an incineration residue containing salts to adjust a component ratio determined by the equation (Ca+Mg)/(Si+Al) in the range of 0.7 to 2.0. The incineration residue having the adjusted component ratio is charged to a melting furnace maintained in a reducing atmosphere to form a melt. The melt is separated into a molten slag layer, a molten salt layer, and a molten metal layer. The molten slag is fractionated and discharged from the melting furnace. The discharged molten slag is rapidly cooled. The temperature of the vapor phase in the melting furnace is maintained at 700 to 1000° C. A non-oxidizing gas is blown into the vapor phase in the melting furnace to increase the amounts of exhaust gases exhausted from the melting furnace.

Abstract: The invention has an object to permit to make the accumulation amount and the temperature of molten metal in the metal material molding machine constant, by performing material supply and melting taking the accumulation amount as reference during the molding operation. The supply apparatus 11 and the agitation means 29 of metal material at the moment of operation starting are controlled to be inactive until the temperature of the melting vessel attains a predetermined value and to start operating when the predetermined temperature is attained, allowing to supply and agitate the metal material. The supply and the agitation of metal material after the predetermined temperature is attained, are performed while gradually supplying and agitating the metal material until metal material of at least 6 times or more of the maximum injection volume is accumulated in melt state.

Abstract: The invention presents an immersion nozzle having corrosion resistance to steel of high oxygen content or type of steel treated with calcium, and capable of preventing adheres and deposits of molten steel and oxide inclusions on the nozzle inner wall, in which at least a part of its portion contacting with molten steel is composed of a refractory material containing 50 wt. % or more of a principal component including one or more types of magnesia, alumina, spinel, zirconia, mullite, and silica, and also 0.3 to 15 wt. % of boron nitride, and an organic binder.

Abstract: A nosepiece for directing a charge into a crucible of a furnace. The nosepiece comprises a completely enclosed sleeve which more accurately directs the charge into the crucible. The sleeve has a distal portion that deflects the charge toward a center area of the crucible, thereby minimizing impact of the charge on the top edge of the crucible and its refractory liner. In addition, the nosepiece is split so that the distal portion is movable, thereby to provide access to an interior of the nosepiece. As a result, any bridging in the charge may be addressed by moving the distal portion to an open position.

Abstract: A metallurgical lance 27 for injecting solid particulate material into a smelting vessel comprising a control core tube 31 through which to deliver the solids material and an annular cooling jacket 32 surrounding the control core tube. Jacket 32 includes a long hollow annular structure 41 formed by outer and inner tubes 42, 43 interconnected by a front end connector 44. An elongate tubular structure 45 is disposed within the hollow annular structure 41 so to divide the interior of structure 41 into an inner annular water flow passage 46 and an outer annular water flow passage 47. Cooling water. Tubular structure 45 has a forward end piece 49 which fits within front end connector 44 of structure 41 to form an annular end flow passage 51 which interconnects the forward ends of water flow passage 46, 47.

Abstract: According to a process for injecting metal-oxide-containing fine particles into a reducing gas, a central material stream formed by the fine particles and a carrier gas is introduced into the reducing gas and at least one gas stream formed by a secondary gas is directed against the material stream to ensure an optimum contact of the fine particles with the reducing gas, the gas stream atomizing the material stream and the fine particles being evenly distributed within the reducing gas.

Abstract: This invention concerns a smelting installation with an electric-arc furnace in which the roof of the oven vessel is constructed out of two units (7, 8) which are separated by an aperture (38) and can be moved independently of one another relative to the vessel horizontally. One of these units (8) consists of a shaft (9) which serves as preheater for the charge. The upper part of the vessel and the shaft (9) have a converging wall sector (42a, 58, 59).

Abstract: A rotary furnace apparatus is provided for rapid melting of a variety of virgin and recycled ferrous and non-ferrous metals, which distributes the introduction of the unmelted charge materials and hence the melting heat requirements along an elongate gas-solid-liquid reaction zone within the furnace, according to the distribution of heat available to effect melting. In the case of fine-sized metal charge materials, fluxes and additive reagents, a longitudinally traversing solids injection lance projecting into the furnace is provided with nozzle directed to project a jet of charge down into the bath as it traverses successively backwards and forwards. A traversing oscillating conveyor is provided for coarse-sized scrap metals and the like.

Abstract: A metal scrap submergence device comprising an open top chamber including walls of a heat resistant material, an inlet positioned in a side wall of the chamber, an outlet positioned in the base of said chamber, and a ramp adjacent said side wall of the chamber.

Abstract: An arrangement for the dosed introduction of fine-particulate material into a reactor vessel comprises a fluidized bed sluice, into which a material supply means enters from above and into which a gas duct feeding a fluidization gas runs in the lower end region thereof and which includes an overflow tube for conveying on the fine-particulate material. In order to introduce the fine-particulate material into the reactor vessel at specific zones, a plurality of independently connectable fluidized bed sluices are provided outside of the reactor vessel, the fluidized bed sluices having overflow tubes which project into the interior of the reactor vessel.

Abstract: In a method for determining electromagnetic waves originating from the interior of a melt (3), in particular a metal melt, a gas-filled hollow space (26) is formed within the melt (3) by blowing in gas and electromagnetic waves emitting from the melt (3) are observed through the blown-in gas and evaluated by feeding the electromagnetic waves via an optical system (20) to a detector (22) for determining the temperature and/or chemical composition.

Abstract: Melting apparatus for melting a metal, such as aluminium, comprising a melting chamber, a burner chamber and a passage which extends between the melting chamber and the burner chamber and which has an inlet opening on the melting-chamber side and an outlet opening on the burner chamber side for allowing molten metal to pass from the melting chamber to the burner chamber, circulation means being suitable for transferring molten metal from a first or suction connection to the burner chamber to a second or pressure connection to the melting chamber. According to the invention, the residual bath when changing the metal composition ins minimized and productivity maximized.

Abstract: The invention concerns a gas purging bottom for metallurgical vessels, the gas purging bottom comprising a monolithic refractory ceramic lining having channels formed therein by chemical or physical processes. At their ends associated with an adjacent vessel wall, the channels are designed for direct or indirect fluid connection to a gas supply pipe. At their other ends the channels lead into the corresponding outer layer of the refractory ceramic lining.

Abstract: A method and apparatus are provided for mixing nonmetallic reinforcing particles into a molten metal or metal alloy for the production of stir-cast metal matrix composite (MMC) materials under atmospheric or near-atmospheric pressure. In a preferred embodiment, the particles are introduced into the matrix under the surface of the matrix by feeding the particles through the inner passage of a rotatable hollow impeller tube positioned in the matrix. The impeller tube is terminated at its lower end by an impeller head. The impeller head includes one or more teeth and is positioned proximate to an impeller base. The particles enter the matrix through a shear region which exists in and around the volume between the impeller base and the impeller head. The rotating impeller and the high shear force thereby created wet the particles in the composite matrix and effect homogenization of the composite matrix.

Abstract: This invention covers the method and equipment for the continuous or discontinuous addition of reaction/inoculation materials necessary for desulphurization or the production of ductile iron obtainable during the passage of the base iron through a basin containing the chamber for melting, vaporizing and distributing the reaction-inoculation materials into the melt (e.g. magnesium vapor-Ferrum Silicon). The treatment can be conducted continuously for unlimited or freely definable quantities of iron.

Abstract: A process and an apparatus for removal of silicon, manganese, carbon and sulphur in a single reaction vessel from molten high carbon ferrous metal by conducting the highly reducing and highly oxidizing reactions at two different locations within the same reaction vessel. The removal of sulphur is effected at the bottom of the vessel, whereas the removal of manganese silicon and carbon is effected at the top layer of the molten layer of the molten metal where slag is present.

Abstract: Consumable recharging containers for re-introducing cooled molten metal having impurities into a furnace or vessel or producing molten metal. The containers are formed of consumable materials of compatible chemistry with the remelting of molten metal and can be used in single, multiple and central pour configurations.

Abstract: An improved molten aluminum refining apparatus in which the refining gas passageway is defined by a helical groove in the rotor shaft and sleeve for heating gas by contact with the sleeve as it flows toward the rotor to generally the temperature of the melt; which comprises a stator surrounding the sleeve and occupying a portion of the surface of the molten aluminum, and wherein the vessel comprises side walls that diverge upwardly at an angle of from about 5 degrees to about 16 degrees for permitting the gas bubbles to expand without substantial coalescence as the bubbles move upwardly in the melt reducing the metallostatic pressure on the respective bubbles.

Abstract: A metallurgical furnace installation for use in copper-smelting process is disclosed which includes a metallurgical furnace, a charging assembly for introducing anode scrap into the furnace through an opening, and an impingement-preventing device attached to the charging assembly for preventing the anode scrap from impinging on a furnace bottom upon charging, whereby the furnace bottom will not be damaged. The impingement-preventing device may be a turning mechanism attached to a chute for turning the anode scrap being introduced, or may be a bending press for bending a leading end of the anode scrap. Additionally, a method for charging anode scrap into a metallurgical furnace of a copper smelting installation is also disclosed.

Abstract: A rotary degasser for removing impurities from molten metal is disclosed that includes a degasser shaft, an impeller block and a coupling. The shaft is preferably hollow to allow for the passage of gas therethrough. The impeller block is connected to the degasser shaft, is formed of heat resistant material and has at least one metal-transfer recess, which displaces molten metal when the block is rotated. The block preferably includes at least one gas inlet in communication with the hollow portion of the degasser shaft and a gas-release opening formed in each metal-transfer recess. Each gas-release opening communicates with one of the gas inlets. The coupling connects the degasser shaft to a drive shaft and is formed of two or more coupling members. The coupling has a closed position in which it retains the degasser shaft and an open position in which it does not retain the degasser shaft.

Abstract: A blasting device to be used to introduce a gas and/or a solid material into a metallurgical vessel such as a convertor includes a plurality of blasting tubes arranged in a tube bundle, with ends of the tubes being inserted into respective receiving bores formed in a metal apertured plate, with a press fit therebetween. A space defined within the tube bundle is filled with a prefabricated ceramic internal member. The tube bundle with the internal member therein are positioned within a pressing mold that is partially filled with a portion of ceramic material to be used to form a blasting brick. The remainder of the ceramic material to form the blasting brick then is filled into the interior of the pressing mold. The mold then is operated to press the ceramic material to form a blasting brick with the tube bundle and internal member situated therein.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for preparing a continuous flow of castable composite materials of nonmetallic particles in a metallic matrix, wherein particles are mixed into a molten metallic alloy to wet the molten metal to the particles, and the particles and metal are sheared past each other to promote wetting of the particles by the metal. The mixing occurs while minimizing the introduction of gas into the mixture, and while minimizing the retention of gas at the particle-liquid interface. Mixing is done at or below a maximum temperature whereat the particles do not substantially chemically degrade in the molten metal during the time required for processing, and casting is done at a temperature sufficiently high that there is no solid metal present in the melt.

Abstract: An apparatus for charging anode scrap into a converting furnace in a continuous copper smelting line without impairing the heat balance of the furnace. Anode scrap is moved into the opening of a chute by means of a charging mechanism. An outer shutter of the furnace is opened and an inner shutter is closed. After closing the outer shutter the inner shutter is opened and anode scrap is charged into the converting furnace. The operation is continuously repeated as the anode scrap is continuously conveyed into the converting furnace. The temperature of the furnace is maintained substantially constant since it is not exposed to ambient air temperature.

Abstract: Apparatus for the late introduction of a particulate alloy when casting liquid metal, disposed between a casting ladle or an apparatus for the automatic feed of said metal and a series of moulds to be filled, characterised in that it comprises a jet of liquid metal of sufficient thickness, which is confined and in motion in a mixing chamber, for example a vortex, and a non-immersed introduction means (8) for the introduction of particles of alloy, imparting to said particles a speed and an energy sufficient for them to penetrate deeply into the interior of the liquid metal in the zone (4) of sufficient thickness, said zone being disposed in the vicinity of a casting orifice (5).