Abstract: A method and apparatus for feeding alloy additive and burden materials to the burden in a vertical shaft furnace working volume generally by gravity-feeding the alloy additive to the furnace tuyere for entrainment in the blast media and transfer to the burden, which improves the recovery rate of the charged additive components in the molten metal and, allows utilization of undersized materials without secondary handling and treatment of the feed materials or utilization of pneumatic feed apparatus.

Abstract: Injection equipment for the supply of gas and/or particulate material in the form of powder, granules, chips or similar shapes to a liquid, for example a metal melt, includes a rotation body which is designed to be lowered down into the liquid and which is mounted on and driven via a shaft of a drive unit. The material and/or gas is supplied to the liquid through the rotation body via a coaxial bore in a shaft thereof. The rotation body has a cone-like or funnel-like design and is generally completely open at the bottom.

Abstract: A feed system for feeding solid propellant or explosive energetic materials, e.g. in the form of chunks, into a molten salt furnace for destruction of said materials by oxidation with air, while substantially avoiding the danger of detonation of such materials during feeding. The system comprises a feed hopper separated from the molten salt furnace by a barrier such as a concrete wall. The feed hopper is preferably vibrated to move the chunks of waste to an inclined chute which passes through a penetration in the barrier to the furnace, the chute also being preferably vibrated to facilitate passage of the waste material. The chunks of waste are discharged from the inclined chute either directly into the molten salt bath in the furance, or added incrementally thereto by a lock valve arrangement.

Abstract: An introducing means for introducing particulate material into a molten metal, molten alloy or molten ceramic stream, or spray of droplets formed therefrom is disclosed. The introducing means has an annular introducing chamber defining an opening through which the stream may be teemed. The chamber includes an inlet, and an outlet positioned about the opening. The outlet allows particulate material to exit from the introducing chamber at a plurality of positions about the opening so that, in use, the particulate material is introduced substantially uniformly about the stream or spray. The particulate material is preferably supplied by means of a hopper, a screw feeder for feeding material to the hopper to a mixing chamber, and a transport gas for transporting the particulate material from the mixing chamber to the introducing chamber.

Abstract: A process of pyrometallurgically treating a feed material such as a sulphide ore or concentrate is provided. The process includes the steps of:(a) producing a liquid body of feed material;(b) creating a first reaction zone and a second reaction zone which is in contact with the first reaction zone and is in the liquid body;(c) introducing feed material in particulate form and an oxidising gas into the first reaction zone;(d) allowing in-flight oxidation of feed material to take place in the first reaction zone;(e) allowing at least some of the reaction products of the in-flight oxidation to pass into a second reaction zone; and(f) allowing sulphidation or reduction of the reaction products to take place in the second reaction zone.

Abstract: An apparatus for making metal-matrix composite includes a feeding container filled with a suspension liquid in the suspending an ultrafine reinforcing material having a particle size as fine as 0.05 .mu.m in a suspension liquid in the container, a refining furnace filled with a molten metal alloy matrix in the refining furnace with the suspension liquid of the ultrafine reinforcing material homogeneously dispersed in the metal alloy matrix for producing a metal-matrix composite by a refining process, which is degassed by inserting a degassing pipe in the furnace to remove gases to eliminate porosity in the composite, thereby producing a metal-matrix composite having improved mechanical properties.

Abstract: A method for the preparation of a mixture of at least one reactive element or an alloy thereof and a liquid metal melt, including introducing the reactive element or alloy thereof, in a liquid state and under pressure, within, i.e. below the surface of, the metal melt, is provided. An apparatus to facilitate the method above is also provided. The apparatus includes a crucible, an immersion pipe that passes into the crucible, an accommodating vessel for storing the reactive element or alloy thereof and a pressure unit.

Abstract: For the metallurgical treatment of a molten metal bath (1) in a metallurgical smelting and refining vessel (3), additive substances (43) which are capable of flow, in particular lime, are supplied in a granular to dust state, at least during a part of the refining phase, to the upper region of the inward side (15') of the vessel wall (11), distributed around the periphery thereof. At the vessel wall (11) the additive substances (43) form a barrier or protective layer which reduces the energy losses and increases the service life of the vessel (3).

Abstract: The device (1) according to the invention achieves a homogeneous, protective and insulating covering layer on the top layer of a casting ladle containing molten steel. It comprises a fixed part from which a cover wiht scrapers (21, 22) is suspended, and a rotating part (2) fitted below the scrapers (21, 22). The rotating part (2) comprises a series of troughs (12) which are uniformly distributed around a central shaft (10). The troughs (12) have a radially widening slit in the direction away from the central shaft (10). Through the rotating movement of the rotating part (2) and the levelling action of the fixed scrapers (21, 22), the bulk material is uniformly distributed over the troughs (12) of the distribution bin. A rising and falling cover (4) makes it possible to process varying volumes of bulk material.

Abstract: An apparatus for adding a predetermined amount of inoculant into a molten metal stream having a conveyor means which accurately provides a desired amount of inoculant to a holding chamber mechanism which becomes pressurized and delivers the inoculant under pressure into the molten metal stream. A programmable controller regulates the apparatus to inject accurately measured amounts of inoculant in an automated fashion into the molten metal stream as it fills varying sized molds.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method and apparatus for the treatment of molten metals with a volatile treating agent and, more particularly, a method and apparatus for treating molten metal with magnesium in the form of pure magnesium or magnesium alloys.

Abstract: A process is described for producing an aluminum grain refiner, such as Al-Ti-B grain refiner. Molten aluminum is continuously flowed as a bottom layer along a substantially horizontal or slightly inclined trough. Titanium or boron compounds reducible by aluminum or a mixture of such compounds is added to the surface of the aluminum layer such that a discrete separate layer of these is formed on top of the aluminum layer. Reaction between the aluminum and the titanium and/or boron compounds occurs along the interface between the layers and this reaction may, if desired, be aided by providing relative movement between the layer of molten aluminum and the layer of titanium and/or boron compounds. A surface layer of spent reaction product is removed and a stream of aluminum alloyed with titanium and boron is collected.

Abstract: A container for adding to a liquid metal of known density and melting point an additive metal of lower density. The container comprises a tube portion of defined cross-section formed of a metal having a melting point higher than the melting point of the liquid metal and which can alloy with the liquid metal without being a source of pollution, and an insert comprising the additive metal placed within the tube portion. The tube portion has at least one end portion constricted so as to leave a passage with a cross-section smaller than the defined cross-section of the tube, the ratio of the passage cross-section to the tube cross-section being from 1:10 to 1:1000. The container overall has a density greater than the density of the liquid metal, so that it sinks when placed within a bath of the liquid metal. This invention finds application in modifying aluminum-silicon alloys with sodium, and additive metal which is lighter than and floats on a bath of liquid aluminum-silicon alloy.

Abstract: Apparatus for commutating an electrical current to an electrically conductive rod of an alloying element during the feed thereof to a body of molten metal for purposes of changing the alloy composition of the metal. The apparatus includes a power supply capable of providing electrical current in amounts sufficient to melt a free end of the rod of alloying material into the molten metal, and a pair of parallel adjacent shafts of substantial cross-section. A pair of commutation wheels are mounted respectfully on said shafts for rotatably engaging the rod between the wheels and for conducting current to the rod. Means are provided for forcing the wheels against the rod to provide intimate electrical and physical contact between the rod and wheels. A plurality of stationary brushes are disposed to physically engage each of said shafts along the length thereof for supplying current to the shafts from the power supply, and from the shafts to the wheels engaging the rod.

Abstract: A powder feeder for continuous casting is provided with a powder container for storing casting powder in the final stage prior to being supplied onto a molten steel surface, and a spreading feeder for spreading the casting powder on the molten steel surface in a mold. The powder container is arranged above the head of an operator in the operator work area, the spreading feeder is supported and manipulated by a robot arm, and powder is supplied to the spreading feeder from the discharge port of the powder container through a flexible transfer path which can follow the movement of the robot arm.

Abstract: There are provided an apparatus and a method for manufacturing a copper-base alloy. The apparatus includes an alloying spout, at least one feeder and a tundish. The tundish is inclined downwardly from one end toward the other end for flowing a molten copper therethrough. The feeder is connected to the alloying spout for introducing at least one solid solute constituent into the alloying spout. The method includes the steps of providing the above apparatus, continuously introducing the molten copper from the inlet into the passageway of the alloying spout and causing the molten copper to flow downwardly through the passageway to the outlet, and continuously introducing the solid solute constitutent into the passageway of the alloying spout through the feeder to mix the solute constituent with the molten copper to produce the copper-base alloy.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for introducing an additive material into a metallurgical sample. In a preferred embodiment, the method and apparatus of the present invention comprises introducing a stabilizer, for example, tellurium and/or bismuth, into a metallurgical sample of cast iron or blast furnace hot metal to induce white solidification comprising a probe having a generally enclosed sample cavity and a conduit extending from the cavity for receiving a flow of molten metal for collection in the cavity. A distribution member proximate the conduit is employed for inserting a predetermined quantity of the additive material at a predetermined rate into the molten metal flowing through the conduit so that the additive material is homogeneously distributed throughout the molten metal within the sample cavity.

Abstract: An injection block of an injection valve is disclosed which is normally intended for installation in a metallurgical vessel or holding vessel containing ferrous metal. Other metals can be similarly treated by injection metallurgy, but the maximum utility is believed to be involved in the processing and metallurgical finishing of ferrous metals. The injection block is provided with orifice passages terminating in orifices through which the injections are gas driven, wire fed or in pellet form inserted into the molten metal in the vessel. The orifice passages are angled in one of two directions or a combination of the two directions, radially relative to the axis of the injection block and/or tangentially away from an element that is parallel to the axis of the injection block so as to circumvolve the axis of the injection block.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a dispensing equipment for adding inoculants to the stream of molten iron flowing from the spout of a tilting ladle. The dispensing equipment comprises a hopper (4) for the inoculant which hopper has an outlet opening (5) which extends through the wall of a first pipe 6. Means (9) is arranged for continuously and adjustably transportation of inoculant from the hopper (4) through the first pipe (6) and a second pipe 8 into the spout (1) of the ladle. The second pipe (8) is rotatably connected to the first pipe (6). A mounting frame (18) is suspended from the first pipe (6) by means of at least two bearings (16, 17), which bearings (16, 17) are rotatably arranged about the first pipe (6). The mounting frame (18) is firmly affixed to the second pipe (8), and a mounting arm (21) is fixed to the mounting frame (18), said mounting arm being intended to cooperate with a mounting bracket (3) on the ladle spout (1).

Abstract: Gas is dispersed into molten metal by immersing a shaft-supported impeller into the molten metal and by pumping gas through the shaft and out of the impeller. The impeller is in the form of a rectangular prism having sharp-edged corners that shear the gaas into finely divided bubbles. The particular shape of the impeller provides an especially effective bubble-shearing and bubble-dispersing action.

Abstract: A rotary device for dispersing gas in molten metal comprises a hollow shaft and a hollow rotor attached to the shaft, the rotor having a plurality of vanes extending from the shaft towards the periphery of the rotor and dividing the rotor into a plurality of compartments, each compartment having an inlet adjacent the shaft and an outlet adjacent the periphery of the rotor, and the rotor having means for passing gas from the discharge end of the shaft into the compartments, wherein the discharge end of the shaft opens into a manifold in the rotor and the inlets for the compartments are present in the wall of the manifold. When the device is rotated in molten metal contained in a vessel and gas is passed down the shaft, metal is drawn into the manifold and breaks up the gas stream emerging from the shaft into very small bubbles. The gas/metal dispersion flows into the compartments through the inlets and out through the peripheral outlets and the gas is dispersed through the whole body of molten metal.

Abstract: A vertical first stream of molten metal flows from a ladle into the tundish of a continuous casting apparatus. A second stream composed of solid, particulate alloying ingredient and a non-oxidizing carrier gas is directed into the first stream with a nozzle. The two streams each have unenclosed parts exposed to the atmosphere surrounding the ladle and the tundish. The nozzle is cooled with a non-oxidizing gas flowing through a nozzle cooling jacket and exhausted at the outlet end of the nozzle. The nozzle interior has a converging downstream end portion for converging the second stream just before it leaves the nozzle.

Abstract: A descending stream of molten metal is directed from a ladle into a bath of molten metal in a tundish. Molten alloying ingredient is added to the molten metal, either directly to the descending stream within a shroud, or it is injected into the bath, through a sidewall of the tundish, at a region of turbulence. The molten alloying ingredient is protected from the atmosphere outside the tundish.

Abstract: An apparatus suitable for forming a metal tube filled with powders for the treatment of a liquid metal bath is disclosed. The apparatus includes a feeding unit provided with rollers capable of unrolling a metal sheet from a roll and advancing it into a filling chamber where powders supplied from separate hoppers are charged on the sheet by a powder metering unit. The metering unit includes a device for continuous weighing of the powders to be supplied. A programmer or computer is used for calculating the required powder amounts. A roller shaping device is provided which forms the sheet into the shape of an open U-shaped channel. A roller forming means is also provided for closing the U-shaped channel to form a continuous tube by partially overlapping the side flanges of the U-shaped tube. Finally, a guiding and introduction device moves the just-formed tube under the surface of the molten liquid bath in the ladle.

Abstract: A vertical conduit extends from the bottom of a ladle containing molten metal and terminates at a lower end above a tundish for receiving the molten metal. A vertical shroud encloses the vertical conduit from a location above the conduits's lower end, and the shroud extends into the tundish. A nozzle extends into the interior of the shroud for feeding alloying ingredient, as shot, into a stream of the molten metal, within the shroud. Structure is provided for circulating a cooling fluid through the nozzle. The nozzle is connected to flexible feed lines for transporting shot and cooling fluid to the nozzle. Additional structure is provided for preventing the flexible feed lines from bending, twisting, kinking or the like when the nozzle, shroud and vertical conduit are rotated about a vertical axis spaced from the center line of the vertical conduit.

Abstract: A continuous casting device comprises a hollow body having one or more side walls and a heat-destructible base portion having one or more inclined surfaces. The device is for location beneath a ladle nozzle through which a tundish is to be supplied with molten metal e.g. steel. When the device is lowered through a layer of slag floating on the surface of the metal in the tundish the slag is deflected away from the base of the device. In this way a substantially slag free zone is provided into which molten metal may pass from a ladle into a tundish virtually free from contamination.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for injecting magnesium into molten iron. The magnesium is melted and vaporized in an enclosed container located above and heated by the molten iron. The magnesium vapor is then pumped into the molten iron by its own vapor pressure, through a pipe inserted into the molten iron, from which it bubbles through and reacts with the iron. A load cell from which the magnesium container is hung is used to measure the weight loss of magnesium and thereby control the amount of magnesium added to the iron.

Abstract: An injection nozzle for the addition of an agent in wire form directly into the interior of a molten material includes a tip having an axial bore with a terminal opening through which the wire exits the nozzle, the terminal opening having a cross section in the form of a star.

Abstract: An electro furnace for metallurgic operations has its top connected to a vertically extending cylinder, into which a charge pipe leads at an oblique angle. A ceramic plug glides in the cylinder in piston like fashion for selective opening and closing the opening from said charge pipe. Any burden and ore mixture will therefore fall freely from the charge pipe whenever the plug is shifted up to open the gate.

Abstract: For introducing gases, wires and powders to metal melts, a multi-ducted refractory body (11) is installed in the wall (14) of a vessel (15) for the melt. The body has passage closing elements (24, 34, 35) preventing melt entering the passages (A, B, C). Two passages (A and C) serve respectively for introducing gas, and fluidized powders, to the melt: each has a movable pipe (36.91) (for gas or fluidized powder). Upon moving gas pipe (36) towards the melt, it dislodges closing element (24) whereby gas from the pipe can enter the melt via capillary bores (25). Similarly, by moving pipe (91), closing element: when it reaches the closing element (34) the wire can itself dislodge this element to gain access to the melt. A method of introducing substances to liquid related to uses of this apparatus is disclosed, as well as metallurgical processes involving the method.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method and a means for charging liquid slag to a closed smelting furnace. The means for charging liquid slag comprises a double walled tube extending through an opening in the furnace roof, said tube being connected to means for raising and lowering the tube relatively to the furnace roof. Means for gas tight sealing are provided between the furnace roof and the double walled tube. A funnel shaped part is secured to the upper end of the tube, said funnel shaped part being equipped with a closeable lid for gas tight closing of the funnel shaped part. For charging of liquid slag to the furnace the tube is lowered down into the furnace to such an extent that the lower end of the tube is under the slag level in the furnace, whereafter the lid is opened and liquid slag is charged into the furnace. When charging of liquid slag is finished, the lid is closed and the tube is raised to such an extent that the lower end of the tube is above the slag level in the furnace.

Abstract: An apparatus (1) for storing and maintaining the temperature level of molten metals, such as a cast iron melt which has been treated with pure magnesium. The apparatus includes a heatable furnace chamber (3) having a pressure-tight cover (4) and an inlet and an outlet (2), which also may be provided with a cover (6). The inlet and outlet (2) is preferably formed as a common inlet and outlet siphon. The closed furnace chamber (3) is supplied with a medium such as argon or nitrogen under pressure. A cast iron melt which has been treated with particular additives can be maintained at a certain temperature over longer periods of time with a decaying effect.

Abstract: A system for adding alloying material to molten metal media is disclosed. The system includes spark cup means, preferably cylindrically shaped, which is partially immersed in the molten media. The spark cup preferably has a lower open end which is exposed to a submerged surface of the molten media and an upper inlet, at least a portion of which is located above an exterior surface of the molten media. Means for supplying the spark cup means with an arc shielding gas through the inlet is provided as is means for feeding an elongated form of the alloying material through the spark cup inlet into the cup area or chamber of the spark cup. Also provided is means for establishing an electrical arc discharge between the submerged molten metal surface and the free end of the alloying element in the spark cup. The free end of the alloying element is converted into a spray of superheated alloy materials as it passes through the arc discharge.

Abstract: A melt-transfer device for the protected tapping of molten metal from one vessel to another has a tiltable, cylindrical container with a lid, which is at least partially located in a first end wall in the container. The container is also provided with a melt-tapping pipe which is directed substantially tangentially to the container close to the first-mentioned end wall. In the bottom of the container, in a second end wall, a baffle can be arranged to provide a pocket for a magnesium-containing powder fed into the container through the lid when the container is held in a vertical position.

Abstract: A wall member for a converter chamber for the treatment of cast iron melt with magnesium. The size and shape of the wall member of a converter have a decisive influence on the efficiency of the treatment of a cast iron metal in a converter and on the accuracy of obtaining a residual magnesium content. For an optimum control of this influence, the length L of the wall member is determined in accordance with the formula L=600.times.T.sup.0.45 .times.A and the height H is determined in accordance with the formula H=0.5 L.times.A, wherein A is a coefficient ranging between 0.5 to 1.5 depending upon the sulfur content of 0.01 to 0.15% by weight and depending upon the thickness of the refractory lining of the converter vessel ranging from 40 to 150 mm.

Abstract: A readily adjustable shatter jet mechanism comprises a frame which rotatably and displaceably receives a fluid supply pipe assembly. The assembly includes a fluid supply pipe which is pivotally movable. A nozzle is connected to the pipe and can be rotated into one of a plurality of rotational positions. The assembly can be disengaged from the frame and reengaged with the frame at a different location so that the pipe and its nozzle can also be displaced with respect to the frame. In this way the fluid jet can be directed in a variety of directions toward a smelt stream to be broken up by the fluid jet.

Abstract: A nozzle (4,5) for an injection lance, which is intended for injecting primarily powderous material into a metal bath, such as a steel bath, freely in a bath or in a casting nozzle, and which comprises preferably an outer, preferably ceramic pipe (1) and an inner, preferably metallic pipe (2), in which said material is intended, usually pneumatically, to be transported all the way to the tip (3) of the lance, at which tip the powderous material is intended to pass out through at least one nozzle (4,5) comprising a through passageway (6) for said material.The nozzle according to the invention is especially characterized in that the nozzle (4,5) is made of a material with high wear resistance and with a fusion point, which is higher than the fusion point of the material, into which the injection is to be made, for example steel.

Abstract: An elongated, vertical conduit has an upper end, communicating with the bottom opening in an upper container or ladle, and an open lower end disposed above the top surface of a bath of molten metal in a lower container or tundish. A descending stream of molten metal is directed from the conduit into the bath. A shroud encloses the conduit and the descending stream. The pressure within the shroud is lower than the outside pressure and is regulated. A mixture of transport gas and solid, particulate alloying ingredient prone to excessive fuming is injected into the descending stream within the shroud.

Abstract: A system for alloying lead with minor amounts of alloyants which have a higher melting point than, and a lower solid solubility in, lead. The system includes a melting furnace retaining Pb melt at a first temperature, a sealed vessel containing chunks of alloyant-rich material, a heated conduit between the furnace and the vessel for conducting melt to the vessel while heating it to the melting temperature of the material in the vessel, a conduit for returning superheated melt from the vessel to the furnace and a pump for circulating a small portion of the melt from the furnace through the vessel for dissolution of the alloyant into that portion.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is an apparatus for blowing a powdery refining agent into a refining vessel which is adapted to blow the powder into a molten metal bath of the refining vessel together with a refining gas by feeding the powder from a pressure vessel to a main pipe for the supply of the refining gas. The pressure vessel is connected to the main pipe through a plurality of transportation pipes each provided with an on-off valve and connected to a secondary gas pipe for introduction of the refining gas downstream of the on-off valve. The secondary gas pipe is provided with a flow control valve.

Abstract: This invention relates to a rotary joint for introducing a plurality of different separated fluids from a first static system, to a second system that is rotating with respect to the first, namely for passing fluids and solid fines carried in fluids into a rotatable iron converter through rotary trunnion couplings. The separated different fluids are passed simultaneously through a stationary cylindrical sleeve surrounding a rotating core shaft coupled to the trunnion. Conduits housed in such stationary sleeve pass the fluids to separate circumferential channels axially located along the rotating shaft from which a set of independent lines transporting fluids axially through the trunnion which is rotating with respect to the receiving static sleeve. Between the separate channels in the rotating shaft there are seals that do not permit the passage of a fluid from a given channel conduit into any other. This makes the conduction of fluids in the lines and/or channels independent of each other.

Abstract: The invention described herein is an apparatus and method for forming a wear-resistant metal composition. As a specific example, aluminum oxide powder is added to a magnesium alloy to provide a wear-resistant magnesium composition. The magnesium alloy, as the base metal, is placed in a crucible and melted with a burner positioned external to the crucible. A pump having a suction side and a discharge side is mounted on the crucible, with the pump head being suspended below the surface of the molten magnesium. The pump includes a feed tube connected to the suction side, and this tube has a suction opening therein which lies partly above and partly below the surface of the molten metal. The aluminum oxide is fed into the feed tube, and the suction action of the pump causes a vortex at the molten metal surface. The vortex pulls the molten magnesium through the suction opening where it mixes with the aluminum oxide powder.

Abstract: A copper or copper alloy material having a reduced number of defects is formed by removing impurities from the material while in a molten state with a member having exposed silicon carbide particles. The member may be a bed filter formed from bed media having exposed silicon carbide particles, a porous body formed from a slurry containing silicon carbide, a porous body having at least one melt contacting surface coated with a silicon carbide material, and/or a lining having at least one melt contacting surface coated with a silicon carbide material.

Abstract: An anode of reducing agent material particulates is introduced into an electrolytic solvent bath under compression. The carbon material is selected such that there is a minimum number of particle contacts. In such a selection, the contact surface area is important and is determined primarily by particle size. The compression of the anode is maintained greater than about 5 psi.

Abstract: Apparatus and process are described for producing predominately iron alloys that contain magnesium which alloys have particular utility for treating cast iron to form ductile and compacted graphite irons.The alloys are produced under pressure of an inert gas maintained above the vapor pressure of the magnesium at the melt temperature. The alloy melt is rapidly solidified in a chill mold which imparts a certain amount of constraint to the melt to provide a high magnesium recovery in the alloy and a clean, safe, economical operation. As a result of rapid solidification, the magnesium is retained in the alloy as a fine dispersion or separate phase which is of advantage for high magnesium recovery in the alloy and for a high magnesium recovery in the cast iron when treated with the alloys of the present invention.Any desired composition of alloy may be produced. Best results are obtained when the alloys contain by weight from about 0.5 to 4.0% magnesium and optionally from about 0.1 to 10% silicon, from about 0.

Abstract: For the introducing gases, wires and powders to metal melts, a multi-ducted refractory body is installed in the wall of a vessel for the melt. The body has passage closing elements preventing melt entering the passages (A, B, C). Two passages (A and C) serve respectively for introducing gas, and fluidized powders, to the melt; each has a movable pipe (for gas or fluidized powder). Upon moving the gas pipe towards the melt, it dislodges closing element whereby gas from the pipe can enter the melt via capillar bores. Wire is fed along passage (B) to the melt: when it reaches the closing element the wire can itself dislodge this element to gain access to the melt. A method of introducing substances to liquid related to use of this apparatus is disclosed, as well as metallurgical process involving the method.

Abstract: Molten sodium is alloyed with molten lead by using apparatus comprising a vessel adapted to hold molten sodium under gas pressure and a conduit to convey molten sodium under the impetus of gas pressure from a point low in the vessel to a point beneath the lead surface so as to effect alloying of sodium with lead without escape of sodium vapor.

Abstract: A method of preheating a ladle addition to a melt contained in an enclosed or covered ladle without significant loss of melt temperature. A gas stream is heated in a non-transferred arc electric arc heater to a temperature in excess of that of the melt. The ladle addition is introduced into the heated gas stream in the arc heater downstream of the arc heater wherein its temperature is increased to be about equal to or greater than the melt temperature. The heated gas stream and the entrained ladle addition is then introduced into the ladle. As the gas stream impinges on the melt, the ladle addition separates out and combines with the melt with the resulting off-gas being exhausted from the ladle. The off-gas can be recycled to the arc heater for reuse.

Abstract: An apparatus and process for rapidly injecting or blowing solid combustible material into a metal pool is presented. In a preferred embodiment, the apparatus essentially comprises at least one nonoxidizing compressed gas source, a circuit which supplies granulated carbonaceous material suspended in a carrier gas, at least one circuit which supplies flushing gas, various means for metering different flow rates of the gas and solid particulate streams and means for separately or jointly connecting the above described circuits to appropriate conduits which terminate in a blowing lance.

Abstract: For the introducing gases, wires and powders to metal melts, a multi-ducted refractory body is installed in the wall of a vessel for the melt. The body has passage closing elements preventing melt entering the passages (A, B, C). Two passages (A and C) serve respectively for introducing gas, and fluidized powders, to the melt; each has a movable pipe (for gas or fluidized powder). Upon moving the gas pipe towards the melt, it dislodges closing element whereby gas from the pipe can enter the melt via capillar bores. Wire is fed along passage (B) to the melt: when it reaches the closing element the wire can itself dislodge this element to gain access to the melt. A method of introducing substances to liquid related to use of this apparatus is disclosed, as well as metallurgical process involving the method.