Abstract: A blowing apparatus for simultaneously delivering gaseous and solid materials to a hot metal melt during refining is presented. The blowing apparatus or blowing lance provides a novel structure of an inner block, an outer block housing, and tubing wherein incompatible materials (i.e., oxygen and carbon) may be safely and simultaneously delivered by use of a protective structure which also functions as a cooling device. The blowing lance further includes a variety of nozzles for blowing materials both above and below the surface of the metal pool.

Abstract: A nozzle assembly constituting a burner or blowing nozzle includes, in the region of the discharge opening thereof, a piston-like member which is displaceable by an actuating means into a position of blocking off the discharge opening thereby to prevent same from becoming clogged by slag or metal splashed thereon. When the assembly is mounted in the wall of a metallurgical furnace, the piston-like member may also be adapted to close off the opening in the wall, which communicates with the nozzle assembly, in order also to keep the wall opening open. At least a part of the piston-like member may be caused to oscillate or at least the part thereof which is towards the interior of the furnace may comprise or be coated with a scale-resistant material or may be coated with a material that is difficult to wet.

Abstract: An apparatus is disclosed for incorporation in the normal refractory brick lining of a molten metal ladle through which apparatus gas can be introduced for stirring the molten metal. The device comprises a stirring block having a frustro-conical cavity therein and external configuration accommodating portions of the refractory lining of the ladle. A solid non-permeable refractory plug or the like of a frustro-conical shape is provided with a metal jacket spaced with respect to the exterior thereof to form an appropriate gas passageway and a spirally arranged continuous rib is formed on the exterior of the metal jacket for registry when rotated with a similarly shaped groove in the frustro-conical cavity in the stirring block.

Abstract: The present invention deals with a blow lance which projects into a reactor to an adjustable vertical extent. The lance structure includes a tubular lance member and a bellows surrounding the tubular lance and being expansible in the axial direction, the bellows having its lower end coupled to a lower portion of the lance and its upper end received about an upper portion of the tubular lance. The preferred structure includes a protective sleeve which surrounds a lower portion of the lance and extends into the opening of the reactor, with means being provided for circulating a coolant therethrough.

Abstract: A tuyere for use in a metallurgical vessel comprising a first pipe adapted to be affixed to the wall of a metallurgical vessel and having a first end extending through the refractory lining of the vessel and a second end extending outwardly therefrom. A gas inlet member is affixed to the second end of the pipe and the second pipe is affixed to the gas inlet member and extends inwardly through the first pipe. The outer diameter of the second pipe is smaller than the inner diameter of the first pipe to provide a gap there between. Means are provided between the first and second pipes to maintain them in spaced-apart relation and the interior of the first pipe is filled with a material such as refractory.

Abstract: A trough for delivering molten material flowing from a furnace includes an elongated copper member along which the material flows. A coolant guide is located beneath the copper member and is closely spaced therefrom so as to define a highly restrictive narrow coolant flow passage. A liquid coolant is supplied to the passage where the velocity of the same is made to accelerate to an ultrahigh velocity of at least 10 feet per second across the undersurface of the copper member to thereby sweep away steam generated upon the surface.

Abstract: A gas blowing nozzle is produced by molding a non-porous substance into a molding frame under pressure and at the same time positioning a plurality of gas passageways forming members at predetermined spaces and distances from each other. The passageway holes have cross sectional shapes as desired, so that the gas blowing may be accurately controlled to perform refining of molten metal.

Abstract: A burner block for an industrial furnace is resiliently seated in a hollow annular member, the latter being made of a metal such as stainless steel and the burner block being made of a refractory material. Because of the resilient mounting, the burner block is seated firmly in the annular member even though these two parts have different rates of thermal expansion. In addition, a cooling fluid is circulated within the interior of the annular member to cool the latter so that the furnace may operate at a temperature which is well above the temperature at which the annular member loses its structural integrity. All of this permits the burner block assembly to be mounted effectively on the metal outer shell of the furnace without relying upon the refractory lining of the furnace for support.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a concentric multi-tube-system nozzle situated beneath the surface of the melt in a refining vessel, especially a refining vessel for converting molten pig iron into steel.The stability and life of the concentric double-tube nozzle is the most crucial factor in carrying out refining in a bottom-blown converter.In accordance with the present invention, there is provided a concentric multi-tube-system nozzle situated beneath the surface of the melt in a refining vessel, comprising:an inner tube;an outer tube positioned concentrically with respect to the inner tube and forming an annular clearance between the inner tube and the outer tube;spacers for circumferentially dividing the annular clearance; anda section defined by two adjacent spacers, the section comprising a contraction portion which is positioned essentially at the upstream side of the section. The contraction portion contributes to a uniform cooling of concentric double-tube nozzle in the circumference thereof.

Abstract: A liquid cooled lance is used to blow a primary supply of oxygen at the surface of a molten steel bath to form a burning spot. a central duct in the lance delivers the primary supply of oxygen to the tip. A secondary supply of oxygen is blown from nozzles around the side of the lance to burn up CO from the burning spot and so heat the bath. Several conduits run in parallel within the lance to deliver the secondary oxygen to the nozzles. There is preferably one conduit per nozzle. The conduits may run within an annular coolant duct, and preferably comprise, at least in part, pipes in the form of a winding around the lance axis. This construction has good resistance to thermal expansion stresses.

Abstract: A nozzle or gas tuyere for injecting gaseous and/or liquid and/or powdered material into a metallic melt, for example a steel melt. The nozzle is arranged to be mounted in an opening in a wall of a melt container, for example a ladle or furnace. The nozzle comprises a body provided with a through-going channel extending through the wall. The part of the body facing the melt is provided with a stopper which closes the channel against ingress of the melt but which is removable into the melt by the pressure of the material injected into the channel. The channel is also provided with a ball which is insertable into the channel for preventing flow of melt through the nozzle when the stopper is removed into the melt.

Abstract: An oxygen lance has an improved coolant passage construction for cooling the distal end of the tip, said construction being characterized by coolant channels radiating from a central region and successively subdividing coolant flow flow in the radially outward direction.

Abstract: A device for blowing gas and a finely-divided solid into a metallurgical melt is disclosed, the device having a blast pipe which has at one end an inlet connected to a gas source and at the opposite end an outlet immersed below the melt surface in order to blow the gas into the melt. A cooling device surrounds the blast pipe, the cooling device having, at that end which is near the blast-pipe inlet, inlets and outlets for the cooling medium, and a mantle of ceramic material which surrounds at least the lower part of the cooling device. In the outlet of the blast pipe there is a Laval nozzle which is at an angle to the blast pipe and extends through the thermally insulating mantle.

Abstract: In a process for forming the bottom of a metallurgical container, especially the bottom of a converter for refining pig iron, of the type which comprises a metallic base, at least one layer of refractory material superimposed on the metallic base, a first layer of refractory bricks superimposed on the layer of refractory material, and a second layer of refractory bricks on said first layer, the steps of placing, spaced from each other, on said first layer a plurality of refractory elements permeable to gas and each enclosed in a metal casing open at the top, circumferentially surrounding the metal casing of each of the elements with bricks of a material which expands during rise of the temperature and thereafter completing the second layer with refractory bricks.

Abstract: A blast furnace taphole plugging composition comprising a coal tar binder, a refractory filler and a very heavy aromatic petroleum oil which fails to polymerize at the high heating rates experienced during normal application of the taphole mix to the taphole. Preferred aromatic petroleum oils useful in the present invention have a minimum boiling temperature of 700.degree. F. and above and a boiling range between 700.degree. F. and 1000.degree. F. Methods of making and using such plasticized tar bonded blast furnace taphole mixes are also disclosed.

Abstract: The tuyere for a blast furnace, the tuyere having a body part (10) with cooling means extending rearwardly from a nose portion of the body (10).In order that a failure of the tuyere when in service does not result in large quantities of water entering the furnace, the cooling means are constituted by a plurality of heat pipes, the heat pipes being formed either in tubes (12) cast in the body part (10) or being formed in holes (112) drilled in said body part.

Abstract: A lance for blowing an oxydizing gas onto a bath of molten metal, especially for blowing oxygen on a bath of molten pig iron for transforming the same into steel. The lance is provided in an end wall of its nose with at least one central aperture for blowing gas jets at great impulsion onto the bath and a plurality of auxiliary apertures for blowing gas streams of considerably smaller impulsion onto the bath. The auxiliary apertures are constituted by elongated slots through the end wall arranged spaced from each other along a circle at a distance of adjacent edges of the slots and that at least one main aperture of about 2-20 cm. This construction permits to improve the amount of secondary combustion of the reaction gas while prolonging the useful life of the nose of the lance. The lance is advantageously used in conjunction with blowing a stirring gas through the bath of molten metal through refractory gas permeable elements provided in the bottom of a crucible containing the bath.

Abstract: An improved burner for injecting fuel into the passages for heated combustion air connecting the checkers with the ports of a regenerative-type glass melting furnace. The ports are positioned somewhat above the level of the molten glass contained in the melting tank of the furnace. The burner comprises an elongated tubular structure having an angled tip portion for emitting fuel such as natural gas, which gas ignites in the presence of the heated combustion air and creates flames directed from the ports across the melting tank and slightly downwardly toward the surface of the glass. The angled tip portion is cooled by the flow of a heat absorbing medium such as water directed therearound, and is shaped in a manner to avoid the occurrence of stagnant areas in the tip portion so as to extend the life of the burner.

Abstract: A sliding gate valve slide plate in a can has an integral collector nozzle and is formed as two conjoined refractory concrete mouldings with a cup or trough shaped metal foil lying in the joint therebetween. The foil is oxidisable in service to form a bond between the concretes. The concretes may be of different formulations, and the moulding with which molten metal makes contact is preferably the more resistant to the rigorous environment presented by flowing molten metal.The slide plate is cast in two steps using the shaped foil and the can as respective lost mould members which coact with a planar polished surface to produce a cast slide plate needing effectively no finish grinding before installation in a valve.

Abstract: A porous plug for treating molten metal is characterized by a porous refractory body having an axis and a wear detection refractory element in transaxial juxtaposition with the porous refractory body over a portion of the axial height of the body, the wear detection refractory element having an emissive power different from that of the porous refractory body to provide a discernible indication of the extent of wear of the porous refractory body. The wear detection refractory element may be in the form of a porous refractory insert internally located within the porous refractory body or a non-porous refractory sleeve surrounding the porous refractory body, or combinations thereof.

Abstract: A tuyere for a blast furnace, the main body of the tuyere being in the form of a tube with a central bore and the nose portion of the tuyere having a downwardly-inclined hood-like extension of the upper wall of the tube, whereby gas passing through the nose of the tuyere is deflected downwardly by the said extension, which extension has a gas outlet aperture of greater area than the cross-sectional area of the bore of the tube.

Abstract: A metal pipe, which is to be protected from high temperature and from the attack of molten metals and slags, is protected by an exterior lining consisting of a refractory ceramic composition which has been moulded between two coaxially placed tubes. The inner tube and preferably also the outer tube is a thin-walled metal tube permitting the lining to slide on the metal pipe on thermal movements.

Abstract: A device for supplying gas to a revolving cylindrical furnace. Over the length of the rotary axis of the revolving furnace, gas-permeable bricks are used in the region of the fireproof lining of the revolving furnace mantle. The bricks are made of porous, ceramic material, and terminate flush with the surface of the fireproof lining of the revolving furnace. The bricks may have a sheet metal mantle surrounding the same. The gas-permeable bricks have bottom sheet metal plates into which respectively a gas supply connection is welded. Measuring, regulating and control devices may be installed in and on the gas supply connections.

Abstract: A tuyere for use in a blast furnace which includes choke means for adjusting the orifice of the tuyere to accomodate varying blast volumes. The choke fits into the tuyere and is adapted to move forward and backward as required by the blast.

Abstract: This invention relates to an apparatus for delivery of finely divided solids into molten metal. More particularly it relates to a modular lance so constructed and arranged as to inject finely divided reactant and fluxing material, as well as gases, into molten pig iron and the like for desulfurization and other operations compatible with such equipment.

Abstract: This invention relates to a water-cooled lance suitable for top-blowing molten metal with oxygen entraining hydrogen extraneously to the lance characterized in that the oxygen nozzle (1) thereof includes an annular passage (8) which converges and then diverges inwardly towards the longitudinal axis of the lance and the hydrogen nozzle (9) is an inner nozzle which includes a right circular cylindrical axial passage through a member (7) centrally located in the oxygen nozzle.

Abstract: A lance pipe covered with refractories having a thickness in the range 2-15 mm and a refractoriness higher than 1800.degree. K., comprising winding the outer periphery of a pipe with a refractory fibrous thread, lace, tape or cloth having a diameter of thickness in the range 0.5-15 mm at room temperature and under normal pressure; said thread, lace, tape or cloth being impregnated and adhered with a mixture which consists of 40-90% by weight of a refractory aggregate in which most of the particle size are -10 mesh but which contains the particle size of more than 15% by weight of each of -200 mesh and 28-200 mesh, and a refractory binder as the rest which consists of one or more of silica sol including 5-40% by weight of solid parts, hydrolyzed ethyl silicate and fire clay suspension.

Abstract: A feed nozzle for a liquid fuel or fluid coker feed nozzle for a reactor comprises an outer nozzle shroud with a removable, refractory ceramic fiber wrapped feed nozzle coaxially affixed within the shroud by the coacting of flanges on the outer ends of said shroud and said feed nozzle. A novel method of assembling the same is also disclosed.

Abstract: The manipulation of components of a fluid transmission system, particularly portions of a conduit through which heated gas is delivered to a blast furnace is facilitated by the use of a self-propelled vehicle having mounted thereon a component support mechanism. The vehicle and component support mechanism cooperate to define a pair of displaced vertical pivotal axes whereby the component support mechanism can be readily maneuvered into engagement with the conduit portion to be manipulated. The apparatus is further characterized by a lifting arm assembly which enables the component support mechanism to be raised and lowered without changing the orientation of a supported conduit portion.The present invention relates to a device for handling the various components of an installation for the injection of pre-heated air into a shaft furnace. The invention likewise relates to a multi-purpose self-propelling carriage equipped with a device of this kind.

Abstract: A tuyere for use in a blast furnace and provided with or constituted by a number of heat pipes extending generally longitudinally of the tuyere, the heat pipes being connectible to heat transfer apparatus located wholly outside the furnace.

Abstract: A tuyere for the injection of both a refining gas such as oxygen into a melting or refining vessel, and a fluid protective medium such as a hydrocarbon gas or a liquid surrounding the injected refining gas, in which there is a solid center in the pipe through which the refining gas is suplied so that the refining gas enters the refining vessel as an annulus around which the protective fluid is disposed.The tuyere is installd in the refractory lining of the refining vessel and the fluids passing into the vessel through the tuyere are proportioned so that burning back of the tuyere and erosion or wear of the lining take place at the same rate.The protective medium cools the tuyere and avoids reactions between the refining gas and the tuyere material.

Abstract: A tuyere for the bottom of a steelworks converter comprises a convergent duct connected to one end of a cylindrical tube. A sheath of abrasion-resistant material, e.g. Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 -based ceramic material or electrochromed steel, is inserted in the internal wall of the tube for 150-300 mm from the point at which the duct is connected to the tube.

Abstract: A tuyere is disclosed with a partition blocking the direct path between the inlet and outlet orifices (16,18) in the main cooling chamber (14). Guide members (30,32) extend from the far side (from the partition) of the orifices (16,18) towards but not reaching the nose-end wall of the cooling chamber (14). Therefore whichever orifice (16,18) is used as the inlet for cooling fluid, a fast moving stream is ensured at the nose end of the chamber (14) near the partition. This assists the cooling of the tuyere in this area, which otherwise tends to form a marked hotspot, especially when the inlet and outlet orifices (16,18) are close together.

Abstract: A lance head for a refining lance, comprising, a lance head bottom member, a plurality of expanding nozzles connected to the bottom member, a supply line associated with the bottom member for supplying coolant thereto, a return line associated with the supply line for channeling coolant away from the bottom member and a flow guide member connected between the supply line and the return line. The flow guide member extends across the plurality of expanding nozzles and includes a surface facing the bottom member defining a coolant passage therewith. The flow guide member surface is concave in the area of the nozzles so that the cross-sectional area of the flow passage is constant as coolant flows past the nozzles. The edge of the flow guide member surface extends beyond the nozzles and at an oblique angle to a central portion of the bottom member between the nozzles.

Abstract: A blast-furnace tuyere having excellent thermal shock resistance and high durability consists of a tuyere substrate composed of copper or copper alloy, a self-fluxing alloy metallized layer sprayed on the substrate, a cermet coating sprayed on the alloy metallized layer, and a ceramic coating sprayed on the cermet coating. The cermet coating is made from a mixture of an alloy material consisting essentially of 5 to 60 wt% of Co, 5 to 50 wt% of Ni, 5 to 25 wt% of Cr, 5 to 40 wt% of Mo, 5 to 40 wt% of W, 3 to 40 wt% of Si and inevitable impurities, and a ceramic eutectic material consisting essentially of 95 to 65 wt% of Al.sub.2 O.sub.3, 5 to 30 wt% of ZrO.sub.2, 2 to 20 wt% of TiO.sub.2, 3 to 30 wt% of SiO.sub.2 and inevitable impurities. The ceramic coating is made from the same ceramic material as used in the formation of the cermet coating.

Abstract: A tuyere for a melting furnace, which comprises inner and outer walls forming a water cooling space therebetween; a cylindrical intermediate wall dividing the water cooling space into an inner water cooling chamber and an outer water cooling chamber, whereby the cooling water is first introduced into the outer water cooling chamber from the outside of the furnace, circulated into the inner water cooling chamber from the inner end portion at the furnace side of the outer water cooling chamber and thereafter discharged from the outer end portion of the inner water cooling chamber; and a guide wall disposed in the outer water cooling chamber so as to form a helical passage for the cooling water, said helical passage being so devised that a portion of the passage located so as to be subjected to a relatively high heat load has a cross-sectional area smaller than that of other portions of the same.

Abstract: In a blast furnace tuyere, operating at subsonic velocity, an inner cylindrical air conduit is reduced to a frusto-conical conduit near the tuyere nose. A water cooled, pear-shaped, hollow body within the tuyere is held suspended by a bracket, in a centered position, where it exerts minimum interference with the pressurized fluid flowing partly through it and partly around it, having a cylindrical smaller conduit in such body and an annulus between the outer perimeter of such body and the inner wall of the cylindrical or conical conduit of the tuyere.The bracket slides parallel to the tuyere axis in guides, which are integral parts of the tuyere proper, thereby securing a centered position whenever the bracket is approaching to or retreating from the tuyere nose.

Abstract: An improved process for reducing the rate of wear and for minimizing the amount of liquid cooling agent supplied to a tuyere used for blowing oxidizing gas in the refining of molten metal. The fluid passageway of the tuyere is provided with an outlet having a reduced cross-sectional area and the cooling agent is injected at a flow rate between 0.05 and 0.14 liters per minute per centimeter of the circumference of the fluid passageway.

Abstract: Blast furnace tuyeres and like hollow-walled cooling devices have one or more water inlet conduits in the wall formed with a terminal constriction so as to discharge cooling water as a high speed jet against the specially contoured inside surface of the nose preferably normal to the tuyere end. The jet impinges on that inside surface at a low angle and the surface is curved to change the direction of the jet preferably by 90.degree. or more, so that the stream is held against the surface to be cooled not only by the force of the jet but also by centrifugal force.

Abstract: A tuyere assembly for use in metallurgical vessels includes a tubular metallic tuyere housing which is cast in a book of refractory material. When the tuyere block is installed in a metallurgical vessel, a tuyere is inserted within the tubular tuyere housing and the space between the tuyere assembly and the housing sealed with a suitable refractory material. After a significant portion of the tuyere assembly has burned away during metallurgical operations, the tuyere may be withdrawn from the tuyere housing and a new tuyere substituted. Any refractory lining which has burned away in the vicinity of the new tuyere may be built up with a chemically bonded gunning mixture which sets to form a dense refractory material around the tuyere assembly.

Abstract: An existing basic oxygen type top-blown steel converter vessel is transformed into a bottom-blown type where gases and finely divided materials may be blown into the vessel through tuyeres in its side wall and in its bottom. The existing trunnion shafts on which the existing vessel is supported for tilting are bored at the installation site to provide a plurality of passageways for conducting finely divided materials, gases and cooling water to the various tuyeres and to the trunnion ring which supports the vessel, respectively. Special multipurpose rotary joints are used to connect the tiltable vessel to sources of the gases and finely divided materials.

Abstract: Tuyeres for a blast furnace are disclosed wherein a coating is formed on the inner and outer peripherential surfaces of the tuyere body by subjecting the surfaces to a calorizing treatment to diffuse a diffusion agent comprising a powdery mixture of alumina and aluminum at a treating temperature of about 800.degree. C. The tuyere body is shaped so as to form an inner jacket, and the walls of the tuyere body forming the inner jacket may also be subjected to a calorizing treatment.

Abstract: A tuyere stock for use in the delivery of heated gas from a source to a furnace and characterized by the provision of a rigid connection between the injection nozzle portion of the stock and the blast tuyere which injects the heated gas to the furnace interior is disclosed. The injection nozzle portion of the tuyere stock is supported by guide means which maintains the blast tuyere in its proper operating position by preventing angular movement thereof while permitting motion thereof resulting from thermal expansion. The tuyere stock is further characterized by means which urges the blast tuyere against the furnace wall with a preselected minimum force.

Abstract: A tuyere stock wherein the blast nozzle, which is the downstream section of the stock, is rigidly coupled to the blast tuyere through which the preheated gas is injected into the furnace. The blast nozzle-blast tuyere assembly and a cooling jacket, which is mounted in the furnace wall about the aperture through which the tuyere stock passes, cooperate to define an articulated connection whereby thermally induced distortions of the various components of the stock may be accommodated without interrupting the sealing efficiency of the connection.