Abstract: A plurality of embodiments of dual-rate linear dampers which can be utilized as hold open rods. These dampers provide significantly greater resistance to movement in one direction than in the other and, in one embodiment, effectively lock in the hold open position unless and until the design breakover force is incurred. The comparative resistance to movement in the two linear directions can be altered within the range of between five and ten times the force in the resistive embodiment by varying a number of parameters including, but not limited to, the number of disks in the string, the thickness of the disk flange, the number and depth of grooves in one or both surfaces of the flange, the tapering of the flange, and the properties of the elastomer.

Abstract: A tag axle assembly including spaced front hanger assemblies for attachment to spaced frame portions of a vehicle, spaced rearwardly extending beam assemblies pivotally mounted on the spaced hanger assemblies, spaced rear hanger assemblies attached to the spaced frame portions of the vehicle, spaced rubber springs attached between the spaced rear hanger assemblies and the rear of the spaced beam assemblies, an axle mounted between the spaced beam assemblies, first and second cross members extending between spaced portions of the vehicle frame, a third cross member extending between portions of the spaced rear hanger assemblies on opposite sides of the vehicle, and spaced plates secured to the spaced frame portions for preventing excess upward movement of the beam assemblies in the event of malfunction of the rubber springs.

Abstract: The invention discloses a method for determining the inner diameter of the hollow portion of a laminate and is intended to design a laminated rubber support having an appropriate shape.

Abstract: A shock-absorbing apparatus for use in the body frames of light-weight pedal-powered or motor-powered land or water surface vehicles and sports and exercising equipment including bicycles, mountain bikes, dirt bikes, off-road bikes, all terrain bikes, exercise bikes, motor-bikes, motorcycles, mopeds, scooters, snow-scooters, snow-mobiles, jet-skis and the like. The shock-absorbing apparatus comprises a telescoping assembly including a tube and a compression rod slidably engaged coaxially, and a compression elastomer assembly including resilient and deformable compression elastomers and rigid multi-function sleeves. The elastomers are placed coaxially between the tube and the compression rod, and interconnected by the sleeves. Each multi-function sleeve has a cylindrical sidewall defining a hollow chamber for interconnecting through press-fit engagement the elastomers in a stacked series and regulating the elastomers to prevent them from twisting or snaking when they are compressed.

Abstract: A support bearing supporting a shock absorber piston rod at a vehicle frame part is disclosed which includes cup-shaped receptacles attached to both sides of the frame part. Elastic support elements are clamped into the receptacles between respective sides of the frame part and stops on a piston rod extending through the receptacles frame part and elastic support elements. To aid in centering the elastic support elements in the receptacles, ribs are provided on one of the elastic elements and the receptacles side walls, such that no other centering attachment of the elastic elements to the receptacles such as by vulcanization, is required.

Abstract: A tubular elastomer damper has a central shaft disposed within a housing and surrounded by an elastomer member. Uniform strain is provided across the elastomer disposed between the central shaft and the housing by either tapering the length of the elastomer from an inner to an outer bonding surface such that the radius times the length at each point along the elastomer is equal or by providing a first elastomer layer adjacent the shaft having a high fatigue strain/lower damping ability, a second elastomer layer adjacent the housing having a low strain higher damping ability and an intermediate elastomer layer of moderate strain and damping therebetween such that from the inner to the outer radius of the elastomer member, uniform strain is achieved. By providing uniform strain from the inner to the outer radius of the tubular elastomer damper, temperature increases due to localized high strains are avoided which are detrimental to damper performance.

Abstract: A front fork suspension for a bicycle provides a front fork having a pair of fork members with ends that support a front wheel therebetween. A handlebar stem assembly is rotatably mountable in a head tube of a bicycle frame. The stem assembly includes, at an upper end, a forwardly-extending handlebar-supporting portion, or stem, that is substantially transverse to an axis of the head tube. A lower linkage is provided having a first end that is pivotally mounted to a lower end of the stem and an opposing second end that is pivotally mounted to a first location on the front fork. An upper linkage is provided having a first end that is pivotally mounted to the handlebar-supporting portion and a second end that is pivotally mounted to a second location on the front fork.

Abstract: A rubber bearing for the central pin of a leaf spring suspension in a motor vehicle includes a housing split in an axial plane and of a rubber bushing (1), which is arranged on the pin with radial pretension and includes two half shells (3, 4), which are axially fixed on the pin by at least one radially engaging tongue-and-groove assembly (8, 9), whose abutting surfaces, which are located opposite each other in the assembled state, are at a distance from one another peripherally in the preassembled state. The half shells (3, 4) of the rubber bushing (1) in this rubber bearing are connected to one another at their ends by flexible webs (5) and have recesses (12), which accommodate the webs (5) folding in during the radial compression.

Abstract: To overcome problems with the pistons of an energy cell rotating and becoming misaligned with one another in response to the forces exerted on the energy cell by a riser tensioner system, a two-piece elastomeric spring is disposed about each piston to create an elastomeric strut. Each piece of the spring is composed of a plurality of elastomeric layers separated by relatively inelastic spacers. These springs facilitate the longitudinally flexing of the elastomeric strut while substantially preventing rotation and misalignment in the radial direction.

Abstract: A shock absorber for motor vehicles having at least one end thereof fastened by means of rubber gaskets to a fastening part. To achieve a fastening which is economical, elastic, and has a high degree of insulation and a long useful life, each rubber gasket of the fastening, around the circumference and on the end surfaces thereof, has elevations and/or depressions which run toward or opposite to one another.

Abstract: A support assembly especially suitable as a drive unit support includes a block of resilient material having inserts made of substantially harder material with facing surfaces which extend in nonparallel directions to at least partially extinguish sound waves of disturbing vibration frequencies by interference after reflection from the surfaces.

Abstract: A bicycle shock-absorbing apparatus includes an upper tube telescopically received in a lower tube. A plurality of compressive members are positioned inside the upper tube. A socket bolt member having a socket portion and a rod portion is mounted on a mount member of the lower tube by its rod portion while allowing its socket portion to be slidably received in a lower portion of the upper tube and to contact against a bottom one of the compressive members. When the bicycle receives a shock from an uneven terrain, the upper tube slides downward inside the lower tube while the compressive members therein will be compressed, thereby absorbing the shock.

Abstract: A load bearing structural support for machinery which provides a mechanism or dissipating both mechanical and vibrational energy comprises a high damping flexible reinforcement of fiber preform infiltrated with a viscoelastic material which has a high elongation to failure property and provides a significant damping ability. In one embodiment, an I-Beam is formed by a pair of L-shapes and a T-shape. The two L-shapes are placed back to back, with the T-shape placed therebetween forming an I-beam. At least one flexible reinforcement is then positioned between the vertical segments of the T-shape and the two L-shapes to isolate the T-shape. The T-shape is actually "floating" between the L-shapes. In another embodiment, the flexible reinforcement is suspended between at least a pair of spaced anchors with a vertical support of the same flexible reinforcement attached to or integral with the suspended flexible reinforcement portion and its free end anchored to a stable base.

Abstract: To overcome problems with the pistons of an energy cell rotating and becoming misaligned with one another in response to the forces exerted on the energy cell by a riser tensioner system, a two-piece elastomeric spring is disposed about each piston to create an elastomeric strut. Each piece of the spring is composed of a plurality of elastomeric layers separated by relatively inelastic spacers. These springs facilitate the longitudinally flexing of the elastomeric strut while substantially preventing rotation and misalignment in the radial direction.

Abstract: A compression-adjustable bicycle shock-absorbing apparatus includes an upper tube telescopically received in a lower tube. A plurality of compressive units are positioned inside the upper tube. A socket bolt member having a socket portion and a rod portion is mounted on a mount member of the lower tube by its rod portion while allowing its socket portion to be slidably received in a lower portion of the upper tube and to contact against a bottom one of the compressive members. An adjusting device is allowed to adjust the initial compression of the shock-absorbing apparatus. When the bicycle receives a shock from an uneven terrain, the upper tube slides downward inside the lower tube while the compressive members therein will be compressed, thereby absorbing the shock.

Abstract: An engine mount for mounting an automotive vehicle engine to the automotive vehicle chassis. The mount comprises a vibration isolator portion which is designed with relatively low stiffness to provide increased vibration isolation. Excessive displacements are avoided by snubbers. Snubbing action in one direction is provided by a circular snubber that is disposed in spaced relation to the vibration isolator portion. Snubbing action in other directions is provided by the particular design of the vibration isolator portion. Embodiments of both a front and a rear engine mount are disclosed.

Abstract: A machine base isolator incorporates a plurality of elastomeric pads separated by steel separating disks. A bolt passes through the center of the pads and separating disks and is secured to a machine base; the opposite end of the bolt is imbedded within an enclosure filled with an elastomeric material. The top of the elastomeric material is covered by a reference plate having an opening large enough to permit the passage of the bolt but not large enough to permit the passage of the bolt head, thus creating an interlocking joint to prevent separation of the bolt from the reference plate. The reference plate is secured to a base plate which in turn is attached to an underlying supporting surface such as a concrete floor. The elastomeric pads are selected from an elastomeric material and configured to provide a predetermined natural frequency or period approximately corresponding to a desired frequency.

Abstract: A suspension device employed between the rear wheel and the frame of a mountain bike. A lever arm pivoted to the frame carries the rear wheel at one end and the suspension device at the other. The rear wheel portion of the lever arm is about four times as long as is the suspension device portion. The suspension device includes a hollow elongated elastomeric spring carrying an aluminum telescoping portion. The telescoping portion supports the elastomer while allowing reciprocating movement along a major axis, but not allowing any rotational movement around that same axis.

Abstract: The invention provides a suspension system for a bicycle. The suspension system utilizes novel shock absorbers which contain elastomeric elements which are restricted against radial expansion by retention washers. A rear wheel suspension system has a chain stay and a seat stay joined at one end and free at the opposite end. The free end of the chain stay is pivotably attached to the mainframe at a location close to, and preferably above, the largest diameter sprocket of the crank assembly. The linear shock absorbers of the invention are positioned such that they displace along an axis aligned tangentially with a circle having its center at the pivot.

Abstract: A shock absorber mount is described as having two pressed fittings which are mounted in end-to-end relationship. Each insert has two rigid, radially spaced cylindrical sleeves which are separated by a resilient rubber insert. The inner sleeve of the vertically lowermost fitting, when the fittings are properly mounted on, for example, an automobile frame, extends upwardly beyond the associated outer sleeve and is coated with rubber to enter a hollow bore formed by the inner sleeve of the upper fitting. The extension allows the lower fitting to initially absorb an upwardly applied axial force until it moves into shock absorbing relation with the upper fitting. The extension also acts to bolster the radial shock absorbing characteristics of the upper fitting to provide improved shock absorbing characteristics of the mount; namely, low axial shock absorption and high radial shock absorption.

Abstract: A buffer cartridge for absorbing energy having a hydraulic component coupled with an energy-absorbing material component, the hydraulic component having a cylinder-piston arrangement, the cylinder being surrounded by a stack of pads made from resilient energy-absorbing material, each pad being separated by a spacer. The free end of the piston emerging from the cylinder is connected to an intercoupling member which can simultaneously apply a force to both the piston and the stack of pads. A stretchable accumulator seal surrounds a piston rod within the cylinder and provides a sealing sliding path for the piston rod to isolate the moving portion of the piston rod from hydraulic fluid. The piston rod terminates in a piston having a piston hub encapsulated in resilient material and provided with orificed passageways for flow of fluid to both sides of the piston.

Abstract: Resilient mount assemblies provide absorption of induced loads while permitting some degree of relative rotation between the elements. It is desirable to have resilient mount assemblies which can withstand heavy operating loads while having high angular rotation. In this arrangement, a resilient mount assembly is provided having a segmented assembly interconnecting a first member having a spherical outer surface with a second member having a transverse bore therein. The segmented assembly includes first and second semi-circular half shells with first, second, third, and fourth semi-circular elastomeric layers disposed on respective first and second sides thereof. The first and second semi-circular half shells and their respective first, second, third, and fourth semi-circular elastomeric layers are disposed in intimate contact with the spherical outer surface of the first member.

Abstract: Rubber sleeve spring with an hydraulic damping, including two connecting pieces which enclose one another in a relationship parallel to their axes and are radially spaced apart and, in which, in the gap formed by this space, there are two spring bodies successively disposed in radial direction and preferably made of a rubber elastic material of which the external spring body encloses liquid filled chambers with a basically cross-like configured profile. At least two chambers of the external spring body which are opposite to one another are connected via a dampening opening and an intermediate mass is provided between the external and the internal spring body. The intermediate mass comprises two opposing half shells 7.1, 7.2 associated with the vertical center plane of the external spring body 4 in a mirror-inverted relationship. The half shells 7.1, 7.

Abstract: A device for cushioning impact loads is described as employing unique rolling rubber rings for compressively engaging adjacent conical surfaces of the device as the surfaces come closer together. The ring has a pair of longer toroidal segments which are connected by a pair of shorter toroidal segments which have cross-sections which are substantially smaller than those of the longer segments, such that the ring can be designed to resist different lateral forces imparted to the ring.

Abstract: A top cap and housing cooperate to create an internal void wherein is located two elastomeric springs, one on top of the other. Two different solid stop systems are incorporated into the top and housing. An interlocking system also movably secures the top cap and housing such that the two thermoplastic elastomeric springs can be subjected to a preload. The thermoplastic elastomeric springs are designed and housed so that through a cycle from free height to solid height they are folded and flexed rather than compressed.

Abstract: A shock absorber strut that includes inner and outer tubes which slide one over the other in a telescopic relationship. In the space confined between closed ends of the tubes, a stack arrangement of compressible elastomeric material pad assemblies is provided to function as shock absorber medium. Each assembly has a pad of compressible material having a central opening, a metal plate having a corresponding central opening and abutting one end of the pad, and a flanged bearing through said openings and abutting the plate to the pad. The pad has ends provided with a series of different sized bores cooperating to define flow spaces for compressed elastomer material to avoid contact with the guide rod. A guide rod extends substantially through the strut through the bearings. The entire arrangement of the bearing provides a glide path for the guide rod. Each plate has a plurality of holes, sub-peripherally located, the holes having torn and jagged protrusions engageable with the pad end.

Abstract: A resilient mounting intended primarily to withstand compressive loading is of a tubular and interleaved construction comprising a pair of end plates and an intermediate annular plate which serves to stiffen a tubular elastomeric body provided between the end plates. A buffer member is secured to one of the end plates and extends longitudinally within the tubular body to lie normally free from contact with the tubular body. A protective cushioning layer provided between the buffer member and internal edge of the intermediate plate prevents direct contact between the buffer member and intermediate plate under transverse load.

Abstract: A mechanical connection for providing desirable stiffness and damping of mechanical energy. The connection includes at least one frusto-conical annular disc element having a radial discontinuity extending from inner to outer peripheral edges, and a visco-elastomeric matrix on at least one annular face thereof. The cross sectional configuration of the element enables it to undergo axial displacement due to flexure of the disc as the matrix simultaneously undergoes shearing strains in generally tangential and radial directions.

Abstract: A suspension spring system includes a housing, a suspension spring located in the housing and a bistable control spring located in the housing. A load supporting member is positioned at least partially within the housing and is movable with respect to the housing. The control spring is radially compressed within the housing so that the control spring is prestressed. The control spring is shiftable between two stable final positions and is, thus, able to influence and control the spring characteristics of the suspension spring.

Abstract: An element for supporting the suspension-springs of railway wagons including a bottom plate, an intermediate plate and a parallel adjacent supporting plate provided with the interposition of first and second elastic rings which are connected to the plates at their respective contacting surfaces. The second elastic ring has a greater rigidity compared to that of the first elastic ring. The greater rigidity is obtained by forming the second ring to have a lesser height (L") than that (L') of the first ring, or by use of an elastomeric material that is more rigid than the material which is used for forming the first ring.

Abstract: A tail rotor flapping hinge elastomeric bearing in which the inner and outer races are split and the races have ramped surfaces with the higher slope of the inner races being toward the outer edge of the bearing. The races have a plurality of slope angles and each inner race having a groove therein to facilitate a method of preloading.

Abstract: An improved compensating winch (10, 200) is disclosed which incorporates elastomeric elements (20, 118, 202, 204) which are deformable in torsional shear about the rotational axis of the drum of the winch to absorb shock loading of the cable (22) to increase the service life of the cable and winch and resist catastrophic failure. The elastomeric element can comprise a series of alternating elastomeric rings and rigid rings bonded together to form a unitary structure. Concentric elastomeric elements (202, 204) can be connected in a series relationship to provide for greater annular deflection of a drum versus a drive element.

Abstract: A spring suitable for use in a vehicle suspension comprises a pair of rigid end members and bonded therebetween a body of elastomeric material which is of solid cross-section over a part of the spring in the vicinity of a first end member and hollow in the vicinity of a second end member for between 10 and 80% of the length of the body. The body is of progressively increasing external cross-sectional dimension over a first part of the length of the body as considered in a direction away from the first end member and of progressively decreasing external cross-section over a second part of the length of the spring extending to the second end member.

Abstract: A hydraulic mount assembly includes a pair of mounting members and a first resilient body member and a second resilient body member connected thereto, each body member preferably being substantially bell shaped and forming a cavity. The two body members are connected with the cavities facing each other and separated by an orifice plate to form a closed chamber. A decoupler is mounted in the plate to provide the desired damping action. The body members are preferably molded of elastomeric material, such as rubber, with the first wall portion of the first body exhibiting relatively high stiffness, a second wall portion exhibiting relatively low stiffness and the second body including a third wall portion exhibiting relatively intermediate stiffness. Preferably, the ratio of the three stiffness ratings is 2:0.25:1. In operation, under dynamic loading, the stiff portion of the first body does not allow any dimension change in the longitudinal direction.

Abstract: A spring system for resiliently supporting a mass with respect to a base comprises a supporting member mounted for movement and which can be coupled to the mass and is bounded by a portion of a spherical surface which bears against a concentric complementary guiding spherical surface fixed with respect to the base to guide the supporting member to rotate in all directions around the center of the sphere. A circular resilient device is provided in engagement with the supporting member and is supported with respect to the base. The supporting member is coupled to the mass at a point inside the circular resilient device whereby the supporting member is tilted by radial shocks while its spherical surface is guided along the guiding spherical surface and by the deformations of the resilient device as a result thereof, a resilient couple and/or a radial resilient force is developed which tends to move the supporting member into its initial position.

Abstract: This invention relates to spring block elements of the type comprising layers of rubber affixed to end and intermediate plates, and according to this invention the layers of rubber are uniformly tapered in one direction to reduce buckling effect. Two such spring block elements may be horizontally positioned in a compression spring unit between a stationary beam and corresponding pivot arms which are vertically spaced from the stationary beam.