Abstract: To provide a component built-in wiring board and a manufacturing method thereof capable of further improving component mounting density without deteriorating-reliability.

Abstract: A stock supply station for use in a insulated glass unit component production line includes a plurality of rotatable sheet stock coils, an indexing mechanism, and an uncoiling mechanism. The indexing mechanism is coupled to the sheet stock coils for indexing a selected one of the sheet stock coils to an uncoiling position. The uncoiling mechanism selectively uncoils sheet stock from a sheet stock coil indexed to the uncoiling position to thereby provide sheet stock to a downstream processing station.

Abstract: A padlock includes a lock body, a shackle, and a sleeve. The lock body includes opposed front and rear longitudinally extending side walls terminating at first and second end portions. The shackle extends from the first end portion of the lock body. The sleeve covers at least a portion of each of the longitudinally extending side walls, and an internal surface of the sleeve includes at least one longitudinally extending rib contacting at least one of the front and rear longitudinally extending side walls to define a gap between the sleeve and the lock body.

Abstract: Replaceable refiner fillings used for refining of lignocellulosic and other natural and synthetic fibrous materials in the manufacture of paper, paperboard, and fiberboard products. The refiner fillings include a pattern of blades and spacers defined by a bar cluster, with the bar cluster being the basis of formation of the filling. A method of manufacture provides bar cluster patterns based on factors including pumping angle, plurality of segments in a refiner filling, and the number of clusters in a segment. A bar set cluster is established for uniform fabrication of bar clusters for the refiner fillings.

Abstract: A method of fabricating a monolithic microwave integrated circuit (MMIC) with one or more coupling transmission structures protruding from the MMIC includes providing a support substrate, providing a wafer containing a face side, a back side, and a plurality of individual MMICs disposed on the face side, and providing a material for holding the wafer on the support substrate. The method further includes applying the material and placing the wafer on to the support substrate so as the face side is disposed on the support substrate and the material is disposed between the face side and the support substrate. In addition, the method includes performing a disjoin process wherein the plurality of individual MMICs are disjoined from the wafer with the one or more coupling transmission structures protruding from the plurality of individual MMICs, the one or more coupling transmission structures being supported by at least a portion of the face side of the wafer.

Abstract: A method is provided to produce a hermetic encapsulation for an electronic component, which may be an optical and at least partially light-permeable component or a surface wave component, comprises attaching and electrically contacting a component based on a chip to a carrier comprising electrical connection surfaces, such that a front of the chip bearing component structures facing the carrier is arranged to clear it, covering a back of the chip with a film made of synthetic material, such that edges of the film overlap the chip; tightly bonding the film and carrier in an entire edge region around the chip; structuring the film such that the film is removed around the edge region in a continuous strip parallel to the edge region; and applying a hermetically sealing layer over the film, such that this layer hermetically terminates with the carrier in a contact region outside of the edge region.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for assembling a first thermoformed workpiece, such as a tab closure, to a second thermoformed workpiece, such as a lid.

Abstract: A semiconductor component includes a media channel and at least the following components: a semiconductor chip on a wiring substrate, electric connecting elements disposed between the semiconductor chip and the wiring substrate, and a plastic housing mass that embeds these components. The media channel is impressed into the plastic housing mass and extends along the interfaces between the plastic housing mass and the components. The media channel is produced by applying a sacrificial polymer including a media channel structure to the components before embedding the components in the plastic housing mass. The sacrificial polymer is then destroyed after the components are embedded, thereby forming the media channel.

Abstract: A nozzle plate includes a nozzle surface and a nozzle hole. The nozzle surface defines an ink ejection port. The nozzle hole includes a taper hole portion and a curved-surface hole portion. The taper hole portion has an inner surface of a truncated conical shape and has the smallest diameter at one end thereof. The curved-surface hole portion has an inner surface of a curved-surface shape. The inner diameter of the curved-surface hole portion gradually decreases as approaching from the one end of the taper hole portion to the ink ejection port.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a fan blade includes providing a fan blade blank including opposed major faces, opposed inner and outer extremities, and opposed first and second sides defining opposed first and second edges, respectively. The method further specifies cutting the fan blade blank asunder into first and second parts along a cut line extending from the inner extremity of the fan blade blank to the outer extremity of the fan blade blank inboard of one of the first and second edges forming a first cut edge of one of the first and second parts and a second cut edge of the other of the first and second parts, chamfering one of the first and second cut edges forming a chamfered one of the first and second cut edges, and affixing the chamfered one of the first and second cut edges to the other of the first and second cut edges forming a fan blade consisting of the first part affixed to the second part, the first part being angled relative to the second part.

Abstract: A superconducting material useful for forming electrolytic devices is made by establishing multiple niobium or tantalum components in a primary billet of a ductile material; working the primary billet through a series of reduction steps to form the niobium or tantalum components into elongated elements; cutting and restacking the resulting elongated elements with a porous confining layer to form a secondary billet, working the secondary billet through a series of reduction steps including twisting and final rolling to thin ribbon cross-sections with greater than 5:1 Aspect Ratios; cutting the resulting elongated billet into sections; and leaching the core and sheath at least in part.

Abstract: A superconducting material useful for forming electrolytic devices is made by establishing multiple niobium or tantalum components in a primary billet of a ductile material; working the primary billet through a series of reduction steps to form the niobium or tantalum components into elongated elements; cutting and restacking the resulting elongated elements with a porous confining layer to form a secondary billet, working the secondary billet through a series of reduction steps including twisting and final rolling to thin ribbon cross-sections with greater than 5:1 Aspect Ratios; cutting the resulting elongated billet into sections; and leaching the core and sheath at least in part.

Abstract: A metallic film and a grounding pattern are surely connected to each other so as to achieve electrical shield of an electronic circuit unit. In an electronic circuit unit, the metallic film is provided on a top surface of a sealing resin portion for burying an electronic component, the side surfaces of the sealing resin portion that are opposite to each other, and the side surfaces of the multi-layered substrate that are opposite to each other. The metallic film is connected to the grounding patterns that are provided on the top surface of the multi-layered substrate or between the laminated layers of the multi-layered substrate. Therefore, it is possible to achieve a superior electrical shielding effect through the metallic film, as compared with the related art. Since the metallic film is formed on the side surfaces of the sealing resin and the side surfaces of the multi-layered substrate, when the metallic film is formed by a plating method, the blind hole may not be provided in the related art.

Abstract: A laminated structure with less breakage of an insulative layer due to stress and easy interconnection. The laminated structure includes at least a first electrode layer, a dielectric layer and a second electrode layer stacked in this order. The first electrode layer includes a first electrode material disposed such that an end surface thereof is exposed in a first side region of the laminated structure and a second electrode material having an insulating film formed on an end surface in a second side region of the laminated structure. The second electrode layer includes the first electrode material disposed such that an end surface is exposed in the second side region of the laminated structure and the second electrode material having an insulating film formed on an end surface in the first side region of the laminated structure.

Abstract: A semi-frameless cabinet system including a top panel, bottom panel, two side panels, and a back panel. The cabinet may also include one or more middle shelves, drawers, or doors. Each of the forward facing sides of the cabinet include a grooved surface, wherein edging is secured to each panels such that the panels and edging form an interior space within the cabinet. The edging overlaps the outer edge of the cabinet panels, but not the inner edge, such that the edging and panels are flush within the interior space of the cabinet. As such, the cabinet employs the advantages of both framed and frameless cabinetry.

Abstract: A protective sheath for a fluid-carrying tube is made from a larger tube cut into longitudinal tube segments and slice into opposed halves before being re-secured together about the fluid-carrying tube. Slip joints are preferably provided between adjoining outer tube segments.

Abstract: A cooled turbine engine component is made by providing first and second pieces respectively having first and second surfaces. At least one circuit is formed in at least one of the first and second surfaces. A first plurality of apertures is provided in the first piece to form inlets to the at least one circuit. A second plurality of apertures is provided in the second piece to form outlets to the at least one circuit. A combination of the first and second pieces is assembled and integrated.

Abstract: An internal core is separated along a horizontal plane delineated at the transition point between the tapered wall portion and the parallel wall portion of the core to divide the core into a tapered wall component part manufactured by a WEDM process to obtain the desired shape and configuration and a parallel wall component part manufactured by a right angle milling or WEDM with a right angle manufacturing process to obtain the desired shape and configuration. The tapered and parallel wall component parts are joined together to form the desired internal core.

Abstract: In a testing kit for bodily fluids, a device is provided which combines a specimen collection component and a testing component, which are integrated into a single, inexpensive element that is readily manufactured. This permits testing by collecting a specimen with the device, then simply dropping it into a predetermined quantity of buffer solution.

Abstract: There is disclosed a method of manufacturing a plurality of removable permanently magnetized elements from a substrate comprising ferrite material. The method prints symbol images on the substrate with an offset, automatic sheet-fed press, and die cuts the symbol images on the substrate with an automatic sheet-fed die cutter to form a plurality of elements forming portions of the substrate. Thereafter, the method magnetizes the ferrite material to permanently magnetize the substrate and form the plurality of permanently magnetized elements. The method reduces wastage, permits for improved substrate registration, more accurate symbol placement on the substrate, higher production speeds, and reduced labor costs.

Abstract: A manufacturing method of an electronic part, comprises: sectioning a wiring substrate along a line intersecting a through hole, the wiring substrate having; a base substrate, a wiring pattern provided on a first surface of the base substrate, a reinforcement member provided on a second surface of the base substrate, and the through hole which is positioned so as to overlap partially an end of the reinforcement member and which extends through the base substrate.

Abstract: A method of forming an umbrella canopy having a substantially continuously aligned decorative pattern displayed thereon, wherein the canopy is of the type used on large, outdoor and/or recreational umbrellas. The method includes forming an elongated sheet of canopy material with the decorative pattern displayed along a continuous portion of the length thereof. The decorative pattern is defined by a plurality of substantially equivalent, successively disposed pattern segments, wherein adjacent ones of such pattern segments are inverted relative to one another. The canopy sections used to construct the final product of the umbrella canopy are formed by extending each of a plurality of bias cuts along the entire width of the sheet of canopy material and at predetermined angular orientations to a central longitudinal axis of the sheet.

Abstract: In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, a riser for an archery bow is manufactured by providing a flat workpiece, forming the flat workpiece to a pre-bent profile of an archery riser, placing the flat workpiece in a press, and bending the flat workpiece to a desired non-flat shape of the archery riser. Preferably, the flat workpiece is an aluminum sheet in a T4 aluminum condition. Further, after the non-flat shape is created, the riser can optionally be cured to a T6 aluminum condition, a less soft condition.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for assembling a first thermoformed workpiece, such as a tab closure, to a second thermoformed workpiece, such as a lid.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a movable contact unit includes manufacturing a movable contact, sticking the movable contact to a base sheet made of insulating resin, and applying demagnetization to the movable contact so that the residual magnetic flux density is smaller than the operation magnetic flux density of the magnetic sensor. In manufacturing the movable contact, elastic metal plate material is processed into a downwardly opening dome shape to form the movable contact. In a method of manufacturing a switch panel, the movable contact unit is overlaid on a wiring board having a contact, including pair an outer fixed contact and a central fixed contact, that corresponds to the movable contact so that the lower end of the outer periphery of the movable contact is mounted on the outer fixed contact.

Abstract: A self-attaching fastener production system 10 in which pre-fasteners 22 are created and coupled together by wires 87, 88 before, in one non-limiting embodiment, they are respectively communicated to a tapping portion 50 in order to form self-attaching fasteners.

Abstract: Hexagonal washers are formed by the following steps: at least two through holes are provided in the middle of a belt of material, which are also used for positioning and advancing the belt; a first residual slot is formed between every two adjacent through holes; a second residual slot and a third residual slot are formed at the two sides of every first residual slot, thereby forming a hexagonal ring around each through hole; six wedge planes are forged around the bottom surface of each ring, and at least a V-shaped groove or a ridge is forged on the top surface of each ring; a larger through hole as the inner hole of a washer is produced at the center of each ring; the major shape of each washers is then formed without separating the washers from the belt; and the washers are fine-tuned to obtain the precise form factor and dimension before they separated from the belt.

Abstract: A press-working method comprises: cutting out a member with a predetermined shape from a sheet material, the member having a longitudinal direction; bending the member with the predetermined shape to form a bottom portion and a wall portion extending at an angle from the bottom portion as seen in a direction along the longitudinal direction such that the bottom portion has an arched surface as seen in a side view, using at least one plunger and at least one die, wherein an edge of the wall portion is allowed to expand along the plunger and the die while changes in a thickness of the wall portion is controlled by the plunger and the die, and wherein the step of cutting out a member is performed such that the wall portion has an edge with a preset shape after the bending step.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing a piezoelectric oscillator. The method having the step of preparing a master substrate partitioned into plural substrate regions. Mounting on each of the substrate regions a piezoelectric vibrator and an IC for controlling an oscillation output of the piezoelectric vibrator. The master substrate is then divided into individual substrate regions by cutting the master substrate on the outside circumferences of the individual substrate regions, thereby obtaining a plurality of piezoelectric oscillators.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a liquid delivery apparatus comprising: a plurality of pressure chambers accommodating a liquid; nozzles communicating with the respective chambers; and a plurality of piezoelectric ceramic sheets disposed at respective positions corresponding to the chambers, the apparatus being configured to deliver the liquid to the outside from selected one of the nozzles by deforming the corresponding ceramic sheet to pressurize the liquid in the corresponding chamber, the method comprising steps of: providing a fluid-passage-unit forming member which forms at least a part of a fluid passage unit; laminating a green sheet to be eventually formed into the ceramic sheets on a jig substrate; segmenting the green sheet into a plurality of segments; firing the segments obtained by the segmenting step into the ceramic sheets; and fixing at least predetermined ones of the ceramic sheets acquired by the firing step to the fluid-passage-unit forming member.

Abstract: The present invention addresses an ATV clamp assembly. The clamp assembly includes a central body having a handlebar leg and a hand guard leg, a handlebar clamp pivotally connected to the handlebar leg and removably clamped to the ATV's handlebar and a hand guard member pivotally connected to the hand guard leg and removably connected to the hand guard. Also addressed is a motorcycle clamp assembly including a handlebar clamp removably connected to the motorcycle's handlebar and having a generally rectangular shape with rounded ends and having a tapered aperture configured to mate with handlebar's tapered portion, and a hand guard member connected to the hand guard and pivotally connected to the handle bar clamp. A method for manufacturing hand guards is disclosed. Using that method, one or more bends are cut in the X-Y plane and a bender is used to form at least one bend in the Z-axis.

Abstract: A system and a method for in-line production of insulated glass units (IGU) for custom windows. The system and method schedule IGU production based on the order in which the cut glass is available, or broken out, from a glass cutting station. Once the IGUs are assembled, they are then sorted into the order in which they are to be further processed, i.e., into the order in which the corresponding windows are to be produced and shipped. Thus, the sorting, or carting, step occurs after the cut glass is contained in sealed IGUs, and the workers who perform the sorting step do not have to directly handle the pieces of cut glass.

Abstract: A multiple chip resistor is manufactured in the following method. First electrode layers are formed on a first surface of a substrate. Resistor elements electrically connected to the first electrode layers, respectively, are formed on the first surface of the substrate. Slits are formed in the substrate for separating the first electrode layers. Edge electrodes connected to the first electrode layers at the edges of the slits, respectively, are formed on respective edges at the slits of the substrate. The substrate is divided at the slits into strip substrates. Portions of the edge electrodes are removed for electrically isolating the resistor elements from each other. The method provides the edge electrodes on each strip substrate with an improved dimensional accuracy, hence allowing the edge electrodes to be isolated electrically from each other. Consequently, the multiple chip resistor is prevented from being mounted defectively when the resistor is surface-mounted.

Abstract: By forming a terminal at a tip of a lead part of a lead frame, and by fixing this terminal and a connecting pad which was formed on an upper surface of a first printed circuit board, the lead frame is attached to the first printed circuit board. By cutting off a frame part and a tie bar part from the lead frame which was attached to the first printed circuit board, the lead part is separated, and forming is applied to the lead part so as for its tip to be extended over the first printed board. After the lead part which is expanded upward is inserted into a through-hole which was opened in a second printed circuit board, by soldering the lead part and the through-hole, the first printed circuit board and the second printed circuit board are electrically connected.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a movable contact unit includes manufacturing a movable contact, sticking the movable contact to a base sheet made of insulating resin, and applying demagnetization to the movable contact so that the residual magnetic flux density is smaller than the operation magnetic flux density of the magnetic sensor. In manufacturing the movable contact, elastic metal plate material is processed into a downwardly opening dome shape to form the movable contact. In a method of manufacturing a switch panel, the movable contact unit is overlaid on a wiring board having a contact, including pair an outer fixed contact and a central fixed contact, that corresponds to the movable contact so that the lower end of the outer periphery of the movable contact is mounted on the outer fixed contact.

Abstract: The present invention makes it possible to fix connector pins at low cost. Connector pins penetrate both a holding substrate and a main substrate. The connecter pins can be restrained from an outward radial direction by both wall surfaces of pin holes of the holding substrate, and wall surfaces of through-holes of the main substrate, thus improving upright-standability of the connector pins. The holding substrate is formed of a same raw substrate as the main substrate is formed of, and permanent resists which are laminated on the holding substrate, and ink used for silk screen printing to which the holding substrate is subjected, are made of a same material of the main substrate, so that fire resistance of the holding substrate and fire resistance of the main substrate are same. Therefore, if the main substrate clears a predetermined fire-resistance standard, the holding substrate also inevitably clears the predetermined fire-resistance standard.

Abstract: A multilayer integrated substrate includes breaking grooves arranged in a grid pattern so as to section the main surface of the substrate into a plurality of blocks, and also includes fracture-preventing conductor films arranged so as to cross the breaking grooves. The fracture-preventing conductor films contain a metal component that prevents undesirable fracturing of the multilayer integrated substrate along the breaking grooves.

Abstract: A method for contacting printed conductors terminating at the edge of a circuit board with printed conductors of a MID component includes: on a panel which includes the circuit board, producing the printed conductors of the circuit board in a layout in which the printed conductors are extended past a partition line which defines the edge of the circuit board; providing the panel with through holes along the partition line in the region of the printed conductors; electroplating through the through holes; isolating the circuit board from the panel; and positioning the circuit board in relation to the MID component and soldering the printed conductors of the circuit board to the printed conductors of the MID component. Rear electrical contacting areas are provided on a back side of the panel near the partition line, and the printed conductors are connected to the rear electrical contacting areas via the through holes.

Abstract: Methods for manufacturing a piezoelectric actuator and a liquid ejecting head. In particular, a substrate, which is to be a vibration plate actuated by a piezoelectric element is prepared. A plurality of chip regions are defined on the substrate. A first common electrode of the piezoelectric element is formed on the substrate. A first piezoelectric layer of the piezoelectric element is formed on the first common electrode. A drive electrode of the piezoelectric element is formed on the first piezoelectric layer. A second piezoelectric layer of the piezoelectric element is formed on the drive electrode. A second common electrode of the piezoelectric element is formed on the second piezoelectric layer. Then, the substrate is cut so as to divide the chip regions from one another. In the aforementioned aspects of the invention, the first and second common electrodes as well as the drive electrode are formed so as not to extend beyond the outline of each of the chip regions.

Abstract: A superconducting material useful for forming electrolytic devices is made by establishing multiple niobium or tantalum components in a primary billet of a ductile material; working the primary billet through a series of reduction steps to form the niobium or tantalum components into elongated elements; cutting and restacking the resulting elongated elements with a porous confining layer to form a secondary billet, working the secondary billet through a series of reduction steps including twisting and final rolling to thin ribbon cross-sections with greater than 5:1 Aspect Ratios; cutting the resulting elongated billet into sections; and leaching the core and sheath at least in part.

Abstract: A processing line for liquid crystal display fabrication. The process line reduces unnecessary processing steps by removing known defective (NG) individual liquid crystal panels before subsequent processing, with the knowledge about defects depending on stored information.

Abstract: In manufacturing a link plate for a roller chain, a band of sheet steel is intermittently forwarded along a path past series of dies, including rough punching dies and shaving dies. The punching dies and corresponding shaving dies are located symmetrically on opposite sides of an intermediate location along the path. The intermediate location coincides with a location at which the lateral deviation of the band reverses. Consequently, the outer peripheral surfaces of the plate and the inner peripheral surfaces of the connecting pin holes, both being formed by rough punching, are brought into very close alignment with the shaving dies.

Abstract: A collimator obtained by the alternate stacking of metal sheets 1 (40 ?m thick) having holes 4 with a width of 2200 ?m in the center thereof, and metal sheets 2 (10 ?m thick) devoid of holes (the metal sheets 1 with the holes 4 are shown in the state in which they exist before being cut in the manner described below, the metal sheets 1 in the upper portion of the figure and the metal sheets in the bottom portion are not connected with each other in the finished product). The opposite sides are held by metal pressing sheets 3 that are 2 mm thick. These metal sheets and pressing sheets are bonded by means of diffusion bonding based on thermocompression bonding. The portions with the vertical through-holes 4 (40 ?m×2000 ?m) thus become light-transmitting portions, the metal sheets 2 serve as partitions between adjacent holes 4, and light collimated to a width of 40 ?m can ultimately pass through. A compact collimator having high wavelength resolution without wavelength dependence can thus be achieved.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for manufacturing tubes and profiles with variable wall thickness over the length. The method comprises the steps of flexible rolling of continuous material strip with variable thickness in the longitudinal direction of the strip material to a final wall thickness which is continuously reduced with respect to the original wall thickness, reshaping the material strip to form a continuous tube or profile and cutting to length individual tube or profile pieces from the continuous tube or profile.

Abstract: A stamped gate bar for a vending machine having an elongated body with opposing ends. The elongated body is formed first and second side walls extending from an integrally formed edge wall. A support member is disposed along at least one of the opposing ends, and an actuation member is also disposed along at least one of the opposing ends. A method of forming the gate bar from a sheet of metal is also disclosed.

Abstract: A duct structure (50), includes lengths of square/rectangular duct (52) manufactured by pre-forming the duct in round cross-section (51) and then transforming the round cross-section into square and rectangular cross-sections utilizing expandable die structures (58). The duct (52) may be connected together end to end by flanged connectors (54) formed from strip stock (71), that is notched at locations that correspond to the corners of the formed flange connector. The cross-sectional profile of the flanged connector is then formed by roll forming and/or bending and/or other techniques. Thereafter, the strip stock is bent at its notched locations to define the corners (80) of the flange connector (54) and then the free ends of the strip stock are fixed together.

Abstract: A sector gear is formed as one of a pair of mirror image gears (12, 14). Each of the sector gears has an arcuate portion (16) having a series of teeth (18) on an outer periphery thereof, and a V-shaped base portion (20) having a first leg (22), a second leg (24) and an apex portion (26). The first leg (22) has an S-shaped configuration and connects with the arcuate portion (16) at a first end thereof. The second leg (24) has an inverted S-shape and connects with the arcuate portion (16) near an arcuate mid-length of the arcuate portion (16). The first leg (22) and second leg (24) merge smoothly with the apex portion (26). The apex portion (26) has an aperture (30) at a radial center of the arcuate portion (16). Each of the gears has an inner periphery (28) that enables complementary nesting of the pair of sector gears (12, 14).

Abstract: A method is disclosed for packaging a small size memory card, including xD Picture card, Memory Stick™, Secure Digital™ (SD) card, SmartMedia™ (SM) card, Multimedia card (MMC), CompactFlash™ (CF) card and PC card, by moulding over to encapsulate a populated printed circuit board (PCB) (10) to form the standard external dimensions and features of the memory card. The method comprises holding the populated PCB (10) in place in a cavity (44) of at least one mould piece; and moulding over both sides of the populated printed circuit board (10) to encapsulate said board. Various embodiments are disclosed, including means for holding the populated PCB (10) in the moulding cavity (44) for the encapsulation process, which includes transfer moulding and injection moulding processes, one or more moulding steps, and moulding over one part of one side of said board before the other side, and/or simultaneously moulding over both sides of said board.

Abstract: A process of manufacturing a nozzle plate for an ink-jet print head. The nozzle plate includes (a) a substrate having an outside surface which is to be opposed to a print media, an inside surface which is opposite to the outside surface and nozzle holes which are formed through the substrate so as to be open in the outside and inside surfaces, and (b) a non-wetting layer which has a non-wetting characteristic and which covers the outside surface of the substrate. The manufacturing process includes: (i) a masking step of applying a resist on the inside surface of the substrate, and charging the nozzle holes with the insulating material such that portions of the resist protrude outwardly from openings of the nozzle holes on the outside surface; (ii) a non-wetting-layer forming step of forming the non-wetting layer on the outside surface in a plating operation; and (iii) an unmasking step of removing the resist from the substrate.

Abstract: A method for recycling rail is provided wherein the rail is heated, and then slit into two pieces. The two pieces are passed through a single mill pass line such that each piece of the rail is deformed to have a generally uniform shape.