Abstract: A multi-functional ladder-top tool and parts carrier which has rubber legs for non-damaging support on flat surfaces and a bottom recess conforming to the upper surface of a ladder, a wide handle for easy one-handed or two-handed movement of the carrier to the upper surface of the ladder, and at least one strap attached to the carrier to secure it to the upper surface of the ladder. The carrier also has a variety of different sized openings through its top surface through which different types of tools and parts may be placed which allow for organized storage and ease of access by a person working on or adjacent to the upper surface of the ladder.

Abstract: A helmet carrying and hanger assembly is provided includingan elongated rod having a pair of ends. A plurality of helmet coupling mechanisms are provided for mounting the helmets to the elongated rod. A handle is coupled to the rod for carrying purposes. Finally, a mounting assembly is included for mounting the elongated rod to a fence.

Abstract: An apparatus for holding and restraining long handled tools is described. The tool box is comprised of a plurality of longitudinally extending cylinders, the cylinders being reconfigurable for multiple different sizes or widths. The entire assembly of a plurality of cylinders is combined together such that each cylinder is securely affixed to any adjacent cylinder. This assures that the tool holder is rigidly pieced together as a single unit and may also be unconnected to resize each individual tool receiving cylinder. The assembled holder rests upon pedistals and may also be constructed with outwardly extending handles and sleeves to retain the cylinders together and provide the ability to raise and move the tool holder as a single unit.

Abstract: A portable wrench rack is provided. The rack includes a rectangular housing, a handle projected upward from the top of the housing, a pair of dovetail grooves and a pair of dovetail protrusions superposedly formed on respective lateral walls of the housing and a suspension member on the bottom of the housing having a plurality of L-shaped slots vertically formed in the front portion thereof for suspending the wrenches therefrom. A slidable front door slidably engages into a pair of guide slots in the housing and closes the front side of the housing in a snap fitting. Thereby, the wrench rack of the present invention is portable, suspensible and juxtaposedly combinative.

Abstract: A pallet for holding food items and wine goblets in one hand is provided. The pallet has a body with a top surface for placing food items. At one end there is a post and at the other end a brace, both extending from the underside of the body. The brace rests on the forearm and the post is held in the hand to hold and support the pallet. Keyhole slots are provided to hold wine goblets.

Abstract: A carrier (10) for skates (12) and other articles comprising an elongate upstanding member (14). A structure (16) on a lower end of the elongate upstanding member (14), is for holding a pair of skates (12) and other articles in a side-by-side hang down relationship. A facility (18) on an upper end of the elongate upstanding member (14), in a first instance is for grasping by a hand (20) of a person (22), so as to transport the pair of skates (12) and other articles. In a second instance the facility (18) is for hanging, such as on a pole (24) in a closet (26), to allow the pair of skates (12) and other articles to be stored for future use.

Abstract: An apparatus is disclosed for carrying hockey articles and equipment. The apparatus includes a base having a plurality of compartments configured to carry hockey articles and equipment, at least one of the compartments being adapted to carry a container, at least one of the compartments being adapted to carry hockey pucks, and at least one of the compartments being adapted to carry at least one information retaining article; and a handle coupled to the base. According to alternative embodiments, the carrier includes at least one compartment having a substantially circular cross-section and at least one compartment having a substantially rectangular cross-section. The base of the carrier may also be formed of a substantially open frame.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to an apparatus for carrying in-line skates. The in-line skates have blades that include at least two adjacent wheels. The apparatus comprises a base member having a front, back and bottom. The base member defines first and second slots, each open to the bottom and extending from the front to the back. The first and second slots are each sized to receive the blade of an in-line skate so that the base member is substantially perpendicular to the in-line skate blades.

Abstract: A removably attachable storage organizer which hangs on the upper most surface of a hospital bed rail. Inner and outer facing panels have attached to them a plurality of pockets capable of storing a variety of personal items that a patient may have with them during a stay at the hospital. A hingably connected rigid spine member connect the inner and outer panels together and a carry handle runs several inches above and parallel to the rigid spine and is held in place by flanges located at each end of the spine. Removably attachable straps are attached to either end of the organizer which prevent the organizer from sliding when the head of the bed is in a raised position causing the rail portion of the bed to be angled. A lockable storage box fits securely in one of the pockets and some of the pockets have specialized front surfaces for example, a slit front surface for the dispensing of facial tissue and a framed front surface for inserting a photograph of the like.

Abstract: A folding dumbbell rest includes a handle attached to a V-shaped plate. A pair of cylinders have sloped top ends rotatably attached to a respective side of the V-shaped plate for rotation between open and closed positions. The bottom ends of the cylinders have horizontal and inclined cut faces. One side of each cylinder is provided with notches for holding the handles of dumbbells. When the cylinders are rotated to the closed position, the notches are on the inside and the cylinders stand upright on the horizontal cut faces and the dumbbell rest may be hand-carried. When the cylinders are rotated to the open position, the notches are on the outside and the cylinders stand inclined on the inclined cut faces. The cylinders may be locked in either the open or closed position.

Abstract: A portable gun rack for transporting and supporting at least one firearm such as a shotgun or rifle. The portable gun rack has a butt support shelf with recesses to support the butt of the gun or guns being transported and a barrel support arm to support the barrels of guns being carried. A handle is located along the frame of the gun rack. A pair of legs are automatically pivoted outwardly as the gun rack is rested on the ground. In this way, guns not being used can be safely and cleanly supported on the portable gun rack.

Abstract: A refreshment holder with a handle and a food receptacle or receptacles surrounding or adjacent the handle with room provided to enable the handle to be grasped. The bottom of the receptacle is substantially in the same plane as the bottom end of the handle. A beverage container may be accommodated in the handle.

Abstract: A carrying device for carrying articles on hangers or bags with handles. The carrying device includes a top attaching element which is releasably attached to a hook, such as an automobile clothes hook on an interior wall of an automobile, a bottom support element which supports articles, such as a clothes hanger, and a pair of oppositely extending carrying portions which are disposed between the top attaching and bottom support elements and are grasped between two fingers of a person's hand for carrying the device. The bottom support element is disposed along a plane generally transverse to the plane of the top attaching element so that when a hanger is hung on the device and the device is attached to the hook, it lies along a plane generally parallel to the plane of the interior wall of the automobile. The top attaching element, carrying portions and bottom support element are integrally formed as one unit and rigid with respect to one another for easily attaching the device to the automobile clothes hook.

Abstract: An apparatus for carrying bags having a bag handle has a hand gripable handle member, a vertical support member attached to the hand gripable handle member and a bag supporting member attached to the vertical support member distal the hand gripable handle member. A first bag handle restriction member and a second bag handle restriction member are attached to the bag supporting member. A first attachment member is attached to a gripable handle first end and a second attachment member is attached to a gripable handle second end. A third attachment member is releasably attached to a bag supporting member first end and a fourth attachment member is releasably attached to a bag supporting member second end. There is a support strap member to assist the user to carry heavy loads on the shopping bag handle grip. The support strap is slidingly connected in a port of the first attachment member and in a port of the second attachment member. A first stop member is attached to the one end of the support strap member.

Abstract: A golfing equipment carrier has a one-piece housing having an inverted cup shape with four substantially upright walls and an upper wall, the four walls including two opposite longitudinal walls and two opposite transverse walls, each of the longitudinal walls being provided with a plurality of inwardly bent longitudinal portions each forming an inner channel for snappingly retaining a golf club, the inwardly bent portions of each of the longitudinal walls being spaced from one another in an upright direction and extending in a longitudinal direction so as to be open at both longitudinal ends.

Abstract: A storage assembly has a storage rack. The storage rack has a back rack wall, a right side rack wall connected to the back rack wall and a left side rack wall connected to the back rack wall. The left side rack wall directly opposes the right side rack wall. At least one first rail, but preferably a plurality of first rails, are connected to the right side rack wall. At least one second rail, but preferably a plurality of second rails, are connected to the left side rack wall. There is a top rack wall and a bottom rack wall connected to the back rack wall. The top rack wall is also connected to the left side rack wall and connected to the right side rack wall. At least one storage bin has a back bin wall and a front bin wall. The storage bin has a right side bin wall connected to the back bin wall and connected to the front bin wall. A left side bin wall is connected to the back bin wall and is connected to the front bin wall. There is a first groove, to receive the first rail, in the right side bin wall.

Abstract: The invention is to a utility carrier for carrying balls, and for dispensing balls and holding balls during a ball game, and for storage of balls and bats, and other equipment between games. The carrier is attached to a fence or other object. Balls are held in the carrier, and a rigid handle attached to and suspended below the carrier has clips thereon for holding bats.

Abstract: A formed unitary display device includes at least two concentric and stepped arcuate ledges for receiving and holding various fruits, nuts and other articles. The unitary display device also includes a rupturable top planar surface, which prior to rupture serves as an additional display surface. Upon rupturing of the panel, a lip surrounding the ruptured area serves as a support for various containers fitting therewithin.

Abstract: The invention is an advertising base, handle and hanger receiver. The advertising base has a communications area wherein advertising media may be imprinted. The base has a conveniently contoured hand hold cut out so that the base may be comfortably carried in one hand while a plurality of clothing bearing hangers is supported from the advertising base. The base also includes a hanger hook so that the base may be hung on the clothes hanger hook in an automobile or on a clothing support rod in a closet.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a support handle for supporting of clothes hangers by a user. The support handle engages the hooked portions of a clothes hanger and serves to separate the hanger from the hand of a user. This arrangement reduces pressure exerted by the hanger on a user's hand and allows convenient gripping of a number of hangers. The invention has particular application when carrying a number of garments on hangers, for example, picking up a number of garments from the dry cleaners. The support handle is of a simple form which is easily molded as a single piece.

Abstract: A case for carrying baseball bats and balls and which also serves as a bat rack and ball dispenser when opened at the playing field is disclosed. A rigid hinged case has bat racks which maintain the bats in parallel relationship when the case is being carried, and a gravity feed ball dispenser.

Abstract: A portable and collapsible golf club carrier and support device, capable of being stored in a conventional golf bag, for the retainment and transport of one or more golf clubs comprising a pair of downwardly extending, planar leg supports that are pivotally engaged with each other along the top portions thereof, preferably with a pin and hinge arrangement. The bottom portion of each leg support is contoured to accommodate the ground surface. The leg supports are movable between a collapsed position, wherein they are adjacent to each other, and a deployed position, wherein they are in a triangular relationship with a ground surface when resting thereon. The device also includes a handle that is pivotally and operatively engaged along the width of the leg supports, and adapted in size and shape to butt against the top portion of each leg support to allow the device to assume a predetermined triangular relationship with the ground surface.

Abstract: A hardware carrier for carrying sorting and displaying nuts, bolts, washers and lock washers includes a generally rectangular shaped lower base member, an upper base member and a cover. The lower base member has a plurality of openings therein for supporting and displaying bolts of varying sizes. The upper base member has a plurality of posts therein for supporting and displaying a plurality of nuts, washers and lock washers of varying sizes. The upper base member is releasably locked to the cover and lower base member when the hardware carrier is in carrying mode.

Abstract: A portable storage rack for storing and displaying containers comprising a pair of pivotally joined planar base members positionable between a folded position wherein the base members are in back-to-back relation to facilitate easy, compact transport of the storage rack, and an unfolded position where the containers stored on the storage rack are all displayed. Each of the base members includes an outer container supporting surface having opposite ends, and each of the base members is provided with a pair of container support members for removably supporting a pair of containers in end-to-end relation adjacent the respective container supporting surface, each of the containers being slideably insertable between one of the pairs of support members from one of the opposite end portions of the container supporting surfaces so that the containers are always accessible regardless of whether the storage rack is folded or unfolded.

Abstract: A fishing rod and reel holder is disclosed. The holder includes a base defining a plurality of sockets for receiving the butt ends of fishing rods. A post extends from the base and an upper end unit is mounted on the post in an opposed relationship to the base. The upper end unit includes a resilient layer which defines a plurality of radial slots for receiving the fishing rods.

Abstract: A hand table for carrying a plate and a cup includes an upper support and a lower support. The upper support has a generally circular plate support and a cup or glass receiving opening. The lower support is coupled to the upper support and has a generally inverted U-shaped handle portion with a bight and depending legs. A pair of foot members extend outwardly from the legs of the handle portion for supporting the upper and lower supports on a surface, such as a table. A cup support extends from one of the foot members to a position directly below the cup opening in the upper support, to underlie a cup or glass bottom. A carrying rack for supporting plates and cups includes a platform portion, a base portion coupled to the platform portion, a plurality of cup supports coupled to the platform portion, and a plurality of hand tables releasably coupled to the platform portion.

Abstract: A hand table for carrying a plate and a cup includes an upper support and a lower support. The upper support has a generally circular plate support and a cup or glass receiving opening. The lower support is coupled to the upper support and has a generally inverted U-shaped handle portion with a bight and depending legs. A pair of foot members extend outwardly from the legs of the handle portion for supporting the upper and lower supports on a surface, such as a table. A cup support extends from one of the foot members to a position directly below the cup opening in the upper support, to underly a cup or glass bottom. A carrying rack for supporting plates and cups includes a platform portion, a base portion coupled to the platform portion, a plurality of cup supports coupled to the platform portion, and a plurality of hand table releasably coupled to the platform portion.

Abstract: A holder for audio and video remote controls and the like which includes a plurality of elongate support members to which at least one remote control can be attached. The elongate support members are spaced apart and attached to an integral body which form gaps wide enough for a hand to grasp an individually attached remote control device in a normal operating manner. The attached remote control is supported in an upright position thereby and is easy to locate. The plurality of attached remote controls provides an economical and convenient method of using the various remote controls to manipulate audio and video instruments. The body of the remote control holder may include a orifice for handy storage and use of literature pertaining to television programming, video tape recorder instructions, and the like.

Abstract: A customizeable, foldable equipment carrier with replaceable equipment carrier portions. The equipment carrier includes a first carrier and a second carrier. The second carrier is adapted for removable attachment to the first carrier. A plurality of pouches are provided on each of the carriers. The pouches are formed with parallel sides and a crimped lower seam such that they "puff" out to produce a voluminous storage pouch for storing of equipment therein. The equipment carrier may be customized by removal and replacement of the second carrier with a new carrier containing different tackle or equipment or a carrier having different pocket configurations.

Abstract: A personal sports equipment carrier adapted for carrying baseball or softball equipment is provided. The sports equipment carrier has a rigid frame with recesses formed in it to receive bats. Balls may be positioned in the bottom of the rigid frame and are held in place by straps that are fastened longitudinally onto the frame at a distance above the bottom of the frame approximately equal to the radius of the balls to be retained. An eyelet or a velcro strip is provided to receive the strap of a baseball glove and the tied-together laces of shoes. A handle is secured to the rigid frame so that a baseball or softball player may carry his own equipment conveniently. Storage eyelets may also be secured to the frame so that the frame and the equipment therein may be stored by passing the eyelets over hooks or nails that protrude from a wall or the like.

Abstract: A portable, wall hanging tool holding device comprising an elongated foundation from which stud type tool supports protrude and in which openings are formed where accessories, such as nails, screws, tape rule, pencil, paper, etc. may be stored. Tools, etc. remove and replace easily. A novel handle placement upon the face of the foundation facilitates removal from hanging and transporting an entire load of tools. A unique wall mounting device further streamlines the use of this unusual tool holder, which also has horizontal position supports and will also stand as a rack. Finally, this tool holder is decorated to make it feasible to hang it in a kitchen, den, bedroom or the like. Paint, paper, fabric and artificial flowers with tools and hardware may be odd bedfellows, but they solve a long standing tool access and storage problem for occupants of apartments and other establishments where storage areas are lacking.

Abstract: A ski carrier for carrying a pair of skis and a pair of ski poles using a single hand. The carrier has a pair of generally "L" shaped arms which are articulated to each other and a pair of yoke members, each one of which is articulated to one of the arms. A pair of pole clips are articulated to each yoke for carrying a skier's poles. A strap is associated with the pair of yokes for encircling a pair of skis, the straps carrying a pair of skis when the free ends of the straps are locked by a manually operated locking device.

Abstract: A dish carrier has a rectangular base plate that has a flat top surface and four side edges. The base plate is formed with four rows of slots that extend from adjacent the four side edges towards the base center. Four resilient arms are releasibly mounted to the four rows of slots selected with regard to the size of dishes to be carried stacked upon the base top surface with their sides held by the arms.

Abstract: A carrier for golf clubs or the like adapted for substantially upright positioning on the ground, comprising a support, a plurality of tubular holders held in fixed substantially parallel, juxtaposed relationship by the support with the bottom ends thereof lying substantially in the same plane which is oriented substantially normal to the longitudinal axes of the holders, a floor affixed to the bottom ends of the holders, and one or more spikes on the carrier adjacent the floor and extending substantially axially, outwardly therefrom.

Abstract: An artist's kit including an easel, a bench, and a storage compartment unit. The easel includes three legs which may be disassembled into leg segments. The seat includes detachable legs and a storage compartment. The easel leg segments and the detachable bench legs may be stored in the storage compartment of the seat. The storage compartment unit includes a plurality of pockets for storing various artist's painting and drawing supplies. The storage compartment also includes a cover and a plurality of straps for securing the storage compartment and cover to the seat bushings when the seat is disassembled. The storage compartment unit further includes a plurality of straps whereby the seat, easel, and storage compartment unit may be carried as a unitary back pack. A canvas carrying apparatus is provided for transporting a framed canvas on the back pack.

Abstract: A rack for carrying and displaying fishing equipment, such as fishing rods. The rack comprises at least two pivotably interconnected frame sections adapted for holding fishing rods, each having opposite sides and opposite ends. The frame sections are pivoted adjacent one of their ends, constituting their inner ends, for pivotal movement on an axis extending in side-to-side direction with respect to the frame sections between a carrying configuration for carrying the fishing rods wherein the frame sections are positioned in different planes and the outer ends of the frame sections are spaced apart, and a display configuration for displaying the fishing rods on a wall wherein the frame sections are generally coplanar and the rack is adapted to be removably mounted on the wall. A handle is provided adjacent the inner ends of the frame sections for carrying the rack, and a mechanism is provided for locking the frame sections in the carrying configuration.

Abstract: Apparatus for storing and transporting cassettes comprising a container formed of side panels and a rear panel coupled to form a box-like structure. The container also includes a plurality of spaced and parallel separation panels forming slots for individual cassettes to be inserted, stored and removed. The apparatus also includes a bracket formed as an inverted J-shaped member having a short downwardly extending part positionable between an internal door panel and its associated glass and a long downwardly extending part. A tongue is also provided on the container and pockets on the long part of the bracket to separably couple the container to the bracket. The separation panels may be oriented either generally horizontally or vertically.

Abstract: A hanger for use in a conveyorized system for transporting limp sheet material, has a gripper, for relesably holding a unit of work material to the holder, including a sliding and rotatable circular wedge element cooperating with a fixed gripping surface, whereby both sides of the gripped work unit are engaged along straight lines to produce a strong and distributed holding effect on the work unit resisting downward displacement of the work unit from the hanger while nevertheless allowing the work unit to be pulled sideways from the holder with a relatively small force.

Abstract: A hanger for use with a conveyor in a garment making plant or the like for holding limp sheet material includes a hanger rod for attachment to a conveyor trolley and a hanger body carrying, and forming in part, a plurality of grippers, each capable of holding a workpiece unit to the body. Each gripper is made up of a stationary gripping face on part of the hanger body and a grip elememnt supported for movement along a path giving it a wedging action on a work unit inserted in the gripper when the grip element is urged downwardly by the weight of the work unit and its engagement therewith.

Abstract: The invention relates to a rigid place mat, which is used as an individual tray or support for dishes or drinking vessels on a table or in the lap. The place mat comprises a flexible cloth, in which there is formed by means of sewing, gluing or some corresponding method a pouchlike case. Into this case there is arranged a rigid plate as a stiffener of the place mat.

Abstract: A cooling frame includes a holding member in which a standard pie plate and/or a cake cooling plate may be nested. A top handle portion is adapted to be clamped to a clothes line. A hinge with hinge pin orthogonal to the clothes line connects the handle portion with the holding member portion of the frame so that the hot baked goods is suspended horizontally, and being hot and subject to plastic flow does not run. A netting or other barrier to birds and insects may be included for pulling down over the baked goods.

Abstract: This invention relates to material handling of helical coils of resistance heating wire, hangers for use in handling the wire coils, an assembly of hangers and coils and a method for handling such coils on hangers wherein the manufacture of resistance heating wire can wind and stretch the wire into a coil for a customer, form eyelets at both ends of the coil that are to be used as electrical contact terminals, and then assemble a plurality of coils side by side in a group with eyelets at each end of the coils being on a respective hanger. The hangers have a sleeve-like handle and an integral L-shaped rod arranged so that the coils can be mounted on the hanger by slipping the rod through the eyelets. The assembly of a pair of hangers and a group of coils can then be shipped as a unit to the customer where the customer need only remove the group of coils as a unit and mount the hangers on a T-shaped rack by slipping the handles over posts on the rack.

Abstract: A cabinet for the storage and carrying of a plurality of phonograph record albums in non-warping disposition is comprised of a box-like structure having top, bottom, rear and side panels and having a pivoted, fold-away carrying handle and open front extremity. The carrying handle is positioned in the top panel such that the center of gravity of the cabinet is rearward of the handle. The combined effect of the position of the handle and its pivoted nature causes the open front extremity of the cabinet to be angled upwardly when the cabinet is carried by the handle. Several such cabinets may be stacked in stabilized configuration because of the fold-away characteristic of the handle, and interengaging depressions and projections in the upper and lower panels.

Abstract: A hanger for use with a conveyor for transporting pieces of limp sheet-like work material from place to place in a garment making plant or the like includes a hanger rod for attaching the hanger to a conveyor trolley and a rigid body having at least one gripper, and preferably several grippers, each for releasably holding a workpiece unit to the hanger. Each gripper is of a simple construction including a fixed generally vertical gripping surface on one downwardly extending portion of the body and a cooperating spring clip attached to the lower end of a second downwardly extending body portion spaced laterally of the first downwardly extending portion.

Abstract: A carrier for self-supporting sheet-like articles such as printed circuit boards and the like comprises first and second frames and first and second spaced-apart panels supported by the frames. The panels are adapted to receive and support articles such as printed circuit boards, which can be inserted from the front of the carrier. The frames and the panels are connected in such a manner that the panels support the frames and provide front-to-back rigidity in the carrier, while the frames provide side-to-side rigidity.

Abstract: To permit ready transportation of equipment for a baseball game to the field and hold it in ready condition during a game, a ball and bat carrier has a wire frame with: (a) an enclosed general storage area centrally located; (b) ball holders on either end of the enclosed general storage area; (c) a bat storage section in front of the enclosed general storage area; and (d) a game bat rack near the bottom of the ball and bat carrier. The ball and bat carrier may be mounted on a wire fence at the ballpark and the ball bats removed from a secure storage position to a more readily available hanging position on the game bat rack. Other items may be stored in the enclosed general storage area such wallets or the like during the game.

Abstract: In the representative embodiment of the invention disclosed in the specification, a pair of holder units for empty bottles and cans is disclosed in which each holder unit has a bottom tray member and a positioning member with openings to receive the upper portions of cans or bottles, the tray member and positioning member being held in spaced relation by support rods. A handle member is removably received in receptacles in the lower surface of the positioning member of the upper holder unit and the lower unit is releasably attached to the upper unit by pads made of a gripping fabric.

Abstract: There is provided a multiple garment hanger transfer and clamping device, adaptable for suspending a number of hanger-hung garments for vertical rope-sling loading, which transfer device is adaptable for skimming, in one continuous motion, a multiplicity of garment hangers from either a garment trolley bar or a garment storage bar, and clamping them firmly together for transfer to said rope sling.

Abstract: A foldable carrying device which may be readily adapted for carrying a wide variety of different tubular members, such as fishing rods, rolled blueprints, flourescent lighting tubes and the like. Readily detachable clip members are provided for adapting the device to tubular members of different diameters. The carrying device includes first and second panel members hingedly connected to form an inverted v-shaped foldable frame, and includes integrally formed compartment or compartments for storage and transporting of small loose items, such as fishing tackle, drafting equipment, small hand tools, parts, and the like.

Abstract: A carrier for transporting paintings and other substantially planar artwork comprises a pair of generally parallel elongated support members mounted upon a generally transverse guide member for relative adjustment toward and away from each other to adjust the distance to conform to the corresponding dimension of a piece of artwork to be transported. Retainers are provided for retaining the support members in the adjusted position to retain the artwork in place. The support members each include a seat for preventing lateral movement of the artwork. A protective member is provided, the protective member being hinged to the first guide member to afford relative displacement of the first guide member and the protective member between an open and a closed position. When the protective member is in the closed position, it is held parallel to the artwork with sufficient clearance therebetween to avoid impingement by the protective member against the adjacent surface of the artwork.