Abstract: Nursery equipment includes: a body (car seat body); an extended portion (ISOFIX) extended from the car seat body; and an adjustment mechanism for adjusting the position or shape of the ISOFIX. The adjustment mechanism includes a string having one end connected to the car seat body and the other end held by the ISOFIX, a reel that is rotatable in both forward and reverse directions and that changes the position or shape of the ISOFIX by winding up and feeding out the string, and a rotation lock mechanism that prohibits rotation of the reel.

Abstract: A child safety seat includes a seat shell having two sidewalls respectively provided at a left and a right side of the seat shell for restricting sideways movement of a child sitting on the seat shell, the two sidewalls including a first and a second sidewall, a buffering part movably connected with the seat shell, the buffering part being movable between a stowed position where the buffering part is retracted toward the first sidewall, and a deployed position where the buffering part protrudes sideways from the first sidewall, and a latching mechanism including a latch carried with the buffering part, the latch being movable relative to the buffering part between a locking state for locking the buffering part in position relative to the seat shell and an unlocking state for unlocking the buffering part so that the buffering part is rotatable relative to the seat shell.

Abstract: A child safety seat is provided and includes a seat body, a driving portion and a detection mechanism. The driving portion is rotatably connected to the seat body. The detection mechanism includes a detector and a trigger mechanism. The detector is in a non-working state when the trigger mechanism is in an open state. The detector is in a working state when the trigger mechanism is in a closed state. The driving portion is rotatably operated to switch the trigger mechanism from the open state to the closed state, so as to switch the detector to the working state. The child safety seat can prevent a dangerous scenario where a child is left in a car.

Abstract: The disclosure provides a child safety seat having a side wing assembly. The side wing assembly includes a ring for a seat belt of a vehicle to pass through. A strengthening member is assembled to the ring to improve the strength of the ring to prevent the ring from being deformed or damaged under impact.

Abstract: A child safety seat device is provided and includes a child safety seat, a trigger mechanism and a driving portion. The child safety seat is for a child to be seated therein. The child safety seat includes a buckle assembly. The trigger mechanism is switchable between an open state and a closed state. When the buckle assembly is buckled, the driving portion is operated to switch the trigger mechanism from the open state to the closed state. The trigger mechanism of the child safety seat device is switchable between different states by buckling and unbuckling operations of the buckle assembly for preventing a dangerous scenario where the child is left in the car.

Abstract: The present inventive concept relates to a child safety assembly. The child safety assembly comprises: a base portion, to be placed on a vehicle seat and for holding a child safety seat and a brace, to be pressed against a backrest of the vehicle seat. The brace being connected to the base portion, for preventing the base portion from tilting from the vehicle seat. The child safety assembly further comprises tensioning means, extending from the brace and secured to the base portion, and a biasing mechanism, coupled to the tensioning means. The biasing mechanism provides, to the tensioning means, a tension which draws the brace in a direction downwards to the base portion for providing a pressure of the brace against the backrest of the vehicle seat.

Abstract: A child safety seat includes a child seat, and a support base having a shell body adapted to provide support for the child seat. The support base includes an anti-rebound part and a locking mechanism. The anti-rebound part is connected with the shell body for sliding movements along a sliding axis, the anti-rebound part having an abutting portion tilted relative to the sliding axis that extends upward at a front of the child seat, the anti-rebound part being slidable along the sliding axis relative to the shell body for displacing the abutting portion away from the child seat or toward the child seat so as to adjust a leg room for a child. The locking mechanism is operable to lock the anti-rebound part in position with respect to the shell body.

Abstract: A child safety seat comprising a seat shell comprising a seat portion and a back portion, an adjustable backrest configured to be moveable with respect to the seat shell between a first position, where at least a portion of the backrest is moved away from the back portion and closer to a front edge of the seat portion, reducing the available seating area for an occupant of the seat, and a second position, where at least a portion of the backrest is moved toward the back portion and further from the front edge of the seat portion, increasing the available seating area for the occupant of the seat.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a retaining device for a carrier, which includes a base support assembly connected to and supporting a base of the carrier, a retaining assembly configured to secure the carrier to a vehicle seat, a fastening rod provided on and movable with the base support assembly, a slider provided within the retaining assembly and engaged with the fastening rod such that the fastening rod is able to move the slider, and a cushioning assembly engaged with the slider. The cushioning assembly provides cushioning to the slider when an impact force from the slider applied to the cushioning assembly reaches a predetermined value, allowing for a movement of the slider from a first position to a second position.

Abstract: Disclosed is a seat belt wireless communication system. The system includes a detection unit provided in each seat and detecting a first signal indicating whether or not a seat belt is fastened and a second indicating a battery state, a sub-control unit provided in the each seat and transmitting the first signal and the second signal through wireless communication; and a main control unit, performing the wireless communication with each of the sub-control units, causing the sub-control unit to wake up through the wireless communication, receiving the first signal and the second signal from the sub-control unit, determining whether or not a belt of the each seat is fastened and a charged state of a battery, and controlling an output through the first signal and the second signal.

Abstract: A child safety seat includes a seat body, and a restraining harness coupled to the seat body. The seat body has a front surface and a rear surface opposite to each other, the front surface being adapted to provide support for a child placed in the seat body. The restraining harness includes a restraining belt and an adjusting buckle coupled to each other, the restraining belt having a front belt portion extending in front of the front surface and a rear belt portion extending behind the front surface, the adjusting buckle being provided on the rear belt portion and being operable to adjust a length of the front belt portion.

Abstract: A child restraint base adapted to a child restraint carrier is disclosed herein. The child restraint base includes a base body including a first pocket and a second pocket. The first pocket and the second pocket are disposed on front lateral sides of the base body. An anchor belt is included that comprises a first anchor attached to a first end of the anchor belt, and a second anchor attached to a second end of the anchor belt. The first pocket is configured to receive at least a portion of the first anchor, and the second pocket is configured to receive at least a portion of the second anchor. A panel is pivotable between an opened position and a closed position, and the panel pivots to the closed position to tension the anchor belt to remove slack from the anchor belt.

Abstract: A child safety seat includes a seat shell having a backrest portion and a sidewall protruding forward from the backrest portion, an adjustable headrest movable along the backrest portion, and a first belt guide fixedly connected with the sidewall at a top thereof and a second belt guide provided on the headrest, wherein the first belt guide and the second belt guide are configured to receive a shoulder belt portion of a vehicle seatbelt disposed through a gap between the sidewall and the headrest. In some embodiments, the child safety seat may include a latch belt disposed transversally across the seat shell and having two opposite ends respectively provided with two connectors for attachment to an anchorage provided in a vehicle, and a storage compartment on a rear of the backrest portion adapted to receive the two connectors of the latch belt.

Abstract: A side wing adjustment mechanism and an adjustable sitting device, the side wing adjustment mechanism includes: a pin arranged on the headrest; and an inclined grooves arranged on the side wing, a distance between a portion of the inclined grooves and the longitudinal center axis gradually decreases in a direction extending from bottom to top toward the headrest along a longitudinal center axis of the backrest, and the pin is slidable along the inclined grooves. According to the application, the side wing can be folded and opened at will, and the structure of the application is more inclusive. During the opening and folding process, puling of the headrest or pushing of the side wing can be performed more smoothly and labor-savingly, and the phenomenon of deflection and jamming can be avoided, such that the opening and folding process of the side wings is smoother.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a children's car seat adapter for positioning two child's car seats near the center passenger area of a vehicles passenger seat. The children's car seat adapter includes a base plate for receiving a child's car seat and a latch anchor assembly for releasably securing the child's car seat to the base plate. The children's car seat adapter further includes a strap assembly for securing the base plate to the center passenger area of the vehicle's passenger seat.

Abstract: The present application discloses a fireproof buffering structure which includes a buffering plate and a fireproof plate attached thereto. A combustion rate of the fireproof plate is lower than that of the buffering plate. In contrast to conventional buffering structures, the fireproof buffering structure adopts the combined buffering plate and fireproof plate. The buffering plate has good impact absorbing capacity for providing a soft and comfortable seating environment and buffering and protection effects during a crash accident, and the fireproof plate can reduce the combustion rate of the integral structure when catching fire. Therefore, the fireproof buffering structure achieves the purposes of safety and comfort. The present application further discloses a supporting cushion apparatus which includes a covering member and the aforementioned fireproof buffering structure accommodated therein.

Abstract: An electronic module assembly (EMA) for use in controlling one or more personal restraint systems. A programmed processor within the EMA is configured to determine when a personal restraint system associated with each seat in a vehicle should be deployed. In addition, the programmed processor is configured to perform a diagnostic self-test to determine if the EMA and the personal restraint systems are operational. In one embodiment, results of the diagnostic self-test routine are displayed on a display included on the electronic module assembly. In an alternative embodiment, the results of the diagnostic self-test routine are transmitted via a wireless transceiver to a remote device. The remote device can include a wireless interrogator or can be a remote computer system such as a cabin management computer system.

Abstract: A child safety seat alarm system includes a child safety seat, an alarming device, a detection mechanism and a driving portion. The alarming device is configured to receive a signal and output an alarm signal. The detection mechanism includes a detector and a trigger mechanism. The detector is configured to detect whether states of the alarming device and the detector meet a predetermined criterion. The detector is in a non-working state when the trigger mechanism is in an open state, and the detector is in a working state when the trigger mechanism is in a closed state. When a child is seated in the child safety seat, the driving portion is operated to switch the trigger mechanism from the open state to the closed state so as to switch the detector to the working state. When the detector detects the states of the alarming device and the detector meet the predetermined criterion, the alarming device outputs the alarm signal for alarming.

Abstract: An infant carrier is included in a child restraint that may also include a carrier-mount base adapted to be anchored to a passenger seat in a vehicle. The infant carrier includes a shell for holding an infant and a carry handle coupled to the shell and adapted to be gripped by a caregiver.

Abstract: A car seat securing assembly includes a pair of locking units that can each be positioned between a seat portion of a vehicle seat and a backrest portion of the vehicle seat. Each of the locking units includes a latching element which extends outwardly between the seat portion and the backrest portion. The latching element in each of the locking units is biased into a released position to engage an engagement on a child car seat. The latching element in each of the locking units is urgeable into a locked position to secure the child car seat to the vehicle seat. A first lever is pivotally coupled to a respective one of the locking units to urge the latching element between the released position and the locked position. A second lever is pivotally coupled between each of the locking units to urge the latching between the released position and the locking position.

Abstract: A child safety seat includes a support base, a seat shell positionable on the support base, a front end part rotatable relative to the seat shell between a retracted position and a deployed position, and a latching mechanism for locking the front end part in the deployed position. The seat shell has a front end provided with an opening, and two sidewalls respectively protruding at a left and a right side of a seat portion. The front end part has a transversal portion and two side portions, the transversal portion extending along a width direction of the seat shell, and the two side portions being respectively connected pivotally with the two sidewalls of the seat shell. The transversal portion of the front end part is stowed inside the opening of the seat shell in the retracted position, and extends outside the opening of the seat shell in the deployed position.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a car seat comprised of a base and a shell. The base includes a receiving portion and a backing portion. The seat shell includes a seat back and a seat bottom having a lower portion. The seat bottom interfaces with the receiving portion of the base. The seat shell is removably attached to the base and rotatable with respect to the base. The seat shell is selectively positionable between a plurality of orientations. A recline mechanism is configured to permit the seat shell to recline with respect to the base. The seat shell is selectively reclinable between a plurality of recline positions. The seat shell includes handles configured to independently unlock rotation of the seat shell with respect to the base. The lower portion of the seat shell includes an aperture configured to receive at least a portion of a projection of the base therethrough.

Abstract: A fireproof buffering structure includes a buffering plate and a fireproof plate attached thereto. A combustion rate of the fireproof plate is lower than that of the buffering plate. In contrast to conventional buffering structures, the fireproof buffering structure adopts the combined buffering plate and fireproof plate. The buffering plate has good impact absorbing capacity for providing a soft and comfortable seating environment and buffering and protection effects during a crash accident, and the fireproof plate can reduce the combustion rate of the integral structure when catching fire. Therefore, the fireproof buffering structure achieves the purposes of safety and comfort. The present application further discloses a supporting cushion apparatus which includes a covering member and the aforementioned fireproof buffering structure accommodated therein.

Abstract: Summary, the system is a 3D pop-up or pop-out survival system. The system sometimes involves a device that is worn on a person. The device potentially includes an activation button that, when pressed, releases an inflatable or memory spring pop-up/pop-out.

Abstract: A top rod adjusting mechanism is disposed between a base and a top rod of a child safety seat. The top rod adjusting mechanism includes a transverse frame, a threaded rod and a nut. The transverse frame is movably disposed on the base and installed on the top rod. The threaded rod rotatably passes through one of the transverse frame and the base in axial limitation. The nut is installed on the other of the transverse frame and the base and threadedly sleeved on the threaded rod. When the threaded rod and the nut rotate relative to each other to generate relative sliding movement, the transverse frame drives the top rod to move relative to the base. The top rod adjusting mechanism has advantages of simple structure and easy operation.

Abstract: A support platform for a child car seat includes a carrier base configured to support a child car seat and a load leg pivotally attached to the carrier base about a hinge point to allow angular displacement between the load leg and the carrier base. The load leg includes a leg member having a first end pivotally connected to the carrier base at the hinge point, and a foot extending from a second end of the leg member and having a bottom surface configured to frictionally engage a floor of the vehicle at a contact point defined along the foot. A leg axis through the hinge point of the load leg and the contact point of the foot defines a load leg angle of between substantially 10° and substantially 25° relative to an axis extending substantially perpendicular to the floor of the vehicle.

Abstract: An article of furniture includes a cushioned seating portion, a rigid panel configured adjacent to the cushioned seating portion, a first group of exciters configured on a surface of the rigid panel, and a controller communicatively coupled to the first and second plurality of exciters.

Abstract: A tether anchorage device for a swivel seat of a vehicle is provided. The device is configured such that an anchor including a horizontal bar and a vertical bar is mounted on a rear surface of the swivel seat, and a tether belt for fixing a baby seat is anchored to the anchor while being bound in a vertical direction as well as a horizontal direction of the swivel seat, so that the baby seat may be securely fixed to the swivel seat regardless of a rotating position of the swivel seat.

Abstract: Child care equipment with a seat can include a seat part forming an accommodating space for accommodating an infant. It can further include a crotch strap extending between thighs of the infant seated in the seat part and a pair of waist straps that restrains a waist of the infant. The child care equipment can also include a buckle connecting the crotch strap and the pair of waist straps. The buckle can include a pair of engaging members that are connected to the pair of waist straps. The buckle can also include an engaged member connected to the crotch strap. The engaging member can include a first magnet. The engaged member can include a second magnet that magnetically attracts the first magnet of the engaging member.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a child car seat configured to be installed in an associated vehicle using a safety belt of the associated vehicle. The child car seat is comprised of a shell and a belt lock off mechanism including a first arm movable between (a) an unlocked position in which the first arm is not configured to tension the safety belt of the associated vehicle, and (b) a locked position in which the first arm is configured to tension the safety belt of the associated vehicle. A second arm is configured to engage with and urge the first arm to move from the unlocked position to the locked position so as to tension the safety belt of the associated vehicle.

Abstract: The present floor seat apparatus includes a base, a seat removably seatable in the base, and a tray engagable to the base. The base may be used as a seat by itself, with or without the seat and with or without the tray. The base includes a post. The seat includes a post through opening that engages the post and positions the seat in the seat receptacle of the base.

Abstract: A non-rigid, soft, portable and foldable baby changing mat (1) having a restraint system (18) for restraining movement of a baby (46) during nappy changing or dressing in which the restraint system (18) comprises a knee controllable restraint system (18).

Abstract: A child restraint carrier includes a seat body, a headrest and a locking mechanism. The headrest is movably installed on the seat body. The locking mechanism is for allowing or restraining a movement of the headrest relative to the seat body. A position of the headrest relative to the seat body can be adjusted easily by the locking mechanism to fit a child. Therefore, the present invention has an advantage of easy adjustment.

Abstract: A child safety seat includes a seat portion, a backrest assembly connected with the seat portion and including a first and a second portion slidably connected with each other and a third portion slidably connected with the second portion, and a backrest adjusting system carried with the backrest assembly and configured to provide a first stage of height adjustment where the first and second portions are locked with each other and the third portion is movable relative to the first and second portions for adjustment, and a second stage of height adjustment where the second portion is locked with the third portion and unlocked from the first portion so that the second portion and the third portion are movable in unison relative to the first portion for adjustment.

Abstract: An automobile headrest includes a mounting component, a pillow portion detachably connected with the mounting component, a movable block provided with engaging protrusions arranged vertically, a side of the pillow portion adjacent to the mounting component is provided with a groove, at least part of the movable block is movably arranged in the groove, an end of the movable block disposed with the engaging protrusions is exposed from a groove opening of the groove, the pillow portion is provided with a vertically oriented slideway adjacent to the groove opening, the mounting component is provided with a sliding block matched with the slideway, the sliding block is provided with an engagement portion matched with the engaging protrusions, the sliding block is arranged in the slideway, the engaging protrusions are protruded from the groove opening and partially arranged in the engagement portion, when the pillow portion is connected with the mounting component.

Abstract: A child safety seat includes a seat shell having two sidewalls respectively provided at a left and a right side of the seat shell for restricting sideways movement of a child sitting on the seat shell, the two sidewalls including a first and a second sidewall, a buffering part movably connected with the seat shell, the buffering part being movable between a stowed position retracted toward the first sidewall and a deployed position protruding sideways from the first sidewall, a spring for biasing the buffering part toward the stowed position, and a latching mechanism including a latch carried with the buffering part, the latch being movable between a locking state for locking the buffering part in the deployed position and an unlocking state for unlocking the buffering part so that the buffering part is rotatable relative to the seat shell.

Abstract: A child safety seat, including a headrest frame assembly and a seat frame assembly The seat frame assembly is matedly connected with the headrest frame assembly. The headrest frame assembly includes a headrest frame, an inner wall of the headrest frame is provided with a headrest polyurethane soft foam, the headrest polyurethane soft foam extends toward an outer wall of both sides of the headrest frame to form an everted rim, and the outer wall of the said headrest frame is provided with a headrest shell. The seat frame assembly includes a seat frame, an inner wall of the seat frame is provided with a seat polyurethane soft foam, the seat polyurethane soft foam extends toward an outer wall of both sides of the seat frame to form an everted rim, and the outer wall of the seat frame is provided with a seat shell.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a child restraint system. The child restraint system includes a main body and an adjustable headrest assembly. The adjustable headrest assembly is installed on the main body. The adjustable headrest assembly includes at least one rail disposed on the main body. The head support portion is movably disposed on the at least one rail. A position of the head support portion can be adjusted by movement of the head support portion relative to the rail easily. Furthermore, the present invention further discloses a related adjustable headrest assembly.

Abstract: A harness locking mechanism for use with a child restraint seat is configurable between a locked state in which a harness cannot be removed from the seat and an unlocked seat in which the harness can be removed from the seat for cleaning or replacement.

Abstract: A child safety seat, such as a car seat, booster seat, stroller seat, or high chair, can include a crotch buckle positioner that provides adjustability for the harness system as the child grows. The seat can include a seat bottom, a seat back, a harness system, and a crotch belt positioner. Crotch belt webbing, including a buckle, can extend up through a portion of the crotch belt positioner and is adjusted by the crotch belt positioner. The crotch belt positioner can be adjusted into multiple positions along the seat bottom. Adjusting the crotch belt positioner from a first position to a second position can adjust at least one of the length of the crotch belt webbing that extends about the top surface of the seat bottom and the position that the relational position that the crotch belt webbing extends up through crotch belt positioner with respect to the seat bottom.

Abstract: An apparatus for moving a seat cushion of a seat on which the operator sits includes a seat frame and a pan supporting the seat cushion that is movably supported on the seat frame for movement relative to the seat frame, such as forward-backward or tilting movement. A control panel is mounted to the pan at a forward end of the pan and accessible by the operator while seated on the seat cushion. The control panel includes a housing defining a ledge that is configured so that the operator can grasp underneath the ledge with the operator's hand, with the thumb at an upper face of the control panel. An actuator button is supported on the housing at the upper face of the control panel for actuation by the thumb of the operator while grasping the ledge. A mechanism is connected to the actuator button and is configured and operable upon actuation of the actuator button to permit movement of the pan relative to said seat frame.

Abstract: The present floor seat apparatus includes a base, a seat removably seatable in the base, and a tray engagable to the base. The base may be used as a seat by itself, with or without the seat and with or without the tray. The base includes a post. The seat includes a post through opening that engages the post and positions the seat in the seat receptacle of the base.

Abstract: The invention is an indicator means on a strap to provide a means of showing when slack in the strap is removed and/or tension is applied to the strap. The strap is secured with respect to an object at one end and to an anchor point at the other end and the indicator means shows visually that the strap has at least had all slack removed therefrom and where the indicator means is arranged to provide an indication from both sides of the strap to allow a visual indication of tension regardless of which direction the strap extends away from the object.

Abstract: A vehicle safety system including a vehicle assembly, a communication assembly and a seat assembly is disclosed. The vehicle assembly includes a vehicle having a diagnostics port and an onboard vehicle computer. The communication assembly includes a communication device that plugs into the diagnostics port. The communications assembly includes a microprocessor and a wireless communication module. The seat assembly includes a seat cushion and a weight sensor. A child is to sit on the seat cushion during transportation. Once the vehicle is shut off, the weight sensor determines if any weight above a predetermined threshold is detected. If weight is detected and the vehicle is shut off then it is assumed that the child was mistakenly left in the vehicle unattended and alerts within the vehicle, due to the onboard vehicle computer, and to a mobile device of a user, due to the microprocessor and wireless communication module, are activated.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a headrest height adjustment mechanism for child safety seats, which comprises a backrest (1), a headrest (2) and an adjustment device (3); wherein the adjustment device comprises a limiting block (31), a spring (33), an adjustment bar (32) capable of sliding up and down inside the mounting chamber (21); the limiting block (31) has a blocking portion (311); the adjustment bar (32) has a driving portion (321); the spring (33) is disposed between the adjustment bar (32) and the headrest (2) and enables the adjustment bar (32) to have a trend to slide downward. Compared with the prior art, the headrest height adjustment mechanism for child safety seats is convenient for operation and has high reliability of locking and unlocking.

Abstract: A lateral protecting mechanism includes a protecting block, a locking component, a driving component and an operating component. The protecting block is pivotally disposed on a lateral portion of a child carrier. The locking component is slidably disposed on the lateral portion of the child carrier. The protecting block is allowed to pivotally switch between an unfolded position and a folded position when the locking component is located at a releasing position. The protecting block at the folded position is restrained from leaving from the folded position when the locking component is located at a locking position. The driving component is for driving the locking component to slidably switch between the locking position and the releasing position. The operating component is coupled to the driving component for driving the driving component to drive the locking component to slide to the locking position when the operating component is operated.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a new method and apparatus for a ratchet tensioning mechanism. The apparatus uses a spring release mechanism to limit the torque applied via the tensioning device to a predetermined level. In an alternative configuration the limit of the tension could be adjusted by the user.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a child restraint system including a child restraint base and a child restraint carrier. The child restraint carrier is detachably installed on the child restraint base. The child restraint carrier includes a seat body, a headrest and a harness assembly. At least one first slot is formed on the seat body. The headrest is movably installed on the seat body. At least one second slot is formed on the headrest. The harness assembly includes at least one shoulder strap. The at least one shoulder strap slidably passes through the at least one first slot and the at least one second slot, and a height of the at least one shoulder strap is adjusted by movement of the headrest relative to the seat body when the headrest moves relative to the seat body. Therefore, the present invention has an advantage of easy adjustment.

Abstract: A car seat with belt guide disposed at the side of the seat shell is for redirecting the shoulder belt when the car seat is installed on the vehicle seat, passed and fastened by the seat belt of the vehicle seat. The redirection of shoulder belt improves the symmetry of forces encountered by the vehicle seat and also improves the kinetics of the car seat during a crash. A break-away feature in the belt guide advantageously absorbs forces at different times during a crash.

Abstract: The invention relates to a child safety seat (100) adapted to be secured with a safety belt (40) of a vehicle, comprising a seat shell (20) for receiving a child; and a seat base (10) for being placed on a seat of the vehicle. The seat base (10) comprises a base member (1) coupled to the seat shell (20); a pivoting component (2) connected pivotably to the base member (1); and an engaging member (3) configured to engage with the safety belt (40) of the vehicle, wherein the engaging member (3) is coupled to the pivoting component (2) such that a movement of the engaging member (3) in a certain direction relative to the base member (1) causes the pivoting component (2) to pivot away from the base member (1).