Abstract: The present invention relates to a rechargeable hydraulic punching machine for a cable tray, in which a battery, a grip, a motor, a hydraulic cylinder, a punch, and a die are sequentially disposed along a straight line, a C-shaped head coupled to the head of the hydraulic cylinder is disposed, the punch and the die are disposed at both open ends of the C-shaped head, respectively, punch guards are disposed on a portion of the head spaced apart from both sides of the punch, the battery is configured to be charged and detachably attached, the motor transfers power to the hydraulic cylinder by using the power of the battery, and the hydraulic cylinder punches assembly holes of a cable tray by pushing the punch in the direction of the die by using hydraulic power based on the power of the motor.

Abstract: Techniques for joint fusion are described, including a screw comprising a head having a partially flat surface and an opening for receiving a screwdriver tip, the head able to fit within a drill guide, a tip having another opening, a shaft extending from the head to the tip, the shaft having a plurality of holes and a thread on an external surface of the shaft, and a cannula within the shaft extending from the opening to the another opening.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a battery module, which comprises: a harness isolation board provided with a mounting groove; an output pole connection sheet; and a fixing assembly. The fixing assembly comprises: a connecting member placed in the mounting groove to be fixed on the harness isolation board; and a fastening member securely connected to the connecting member and fixing the output pole connection sheet. The connecting member and the fastening member are separately formed and securely connected together, the fastening member is fixed on the harness isolation board via the connecting member, thus the fixing manner between the connecting member and the harness isolation board is not related to the fastening member, and in turn it only needs to improve the structure of the connecting member and the harness isolation board to enhance the connecting strength and the anti-torque effect between the fixing assembly and the harness isolation board.

Abstract: A piercing device, suitable for piercing the upper film of a capsule containing a material suitable for being used for preparation of a beverage, including a first end, a central body, and a second end, the first end having an operating surface provided with a plurality of piercing spikes protruding from the operating surface, the device furthermore including disengagement members on the operating surface, for disengaging the capsule once the upper film of the capsule has been pierced, thereby preventing a capsule from remaining attached to the device for piercing.

Abstract: A hand-held knockout punch driver includes a housing, a motor positioned within the housing, and a head unit removably coupled to the housing. The head unit includes a draw rod to which at least one of a punch or a die is attachable.

Abstract: The invention concerns a punch device that includes an actuating member of flat proportions, a penetrating tool with a sharp tip carried by the actuating member, a compressible spacer attached to the surface of the actuating member alongside the penetrating tool and mounting means for mounting the punch device on a glass sheet with the tip of the penetrating tool directed towards the glass sheet. The arrangement is such that a force of sufficient magnitude applied to the actuating member in an axial direction towards the glass sheet compresses the spacer and drives the tip of the penetrating tool into contact with the glass sheet thereby to break the glass sheet. In one application the punch device can be used to break an emergency exit window in a bus.

Abstract: A die punch assembly includes a punch lid, a cutting die, a punch base, and an alignment stand. The punch lid includes a transparent lid window. The cutting die is coupled to the punch lid and includes a female portion and a male portion. The female portion includes a die base having an upper elevation, a die head, a die opening extending through the die base and die head, and a passage with at least two open sides between the die base and die head. The male portion is configured to slide through the die opening to cut material positioned within the passage. The punch base is coupled to the cutting die and includes a base opening aligned with the die opening. The alignment stand includes a top surface that is substantially planar with the upper elevation of the die base of the female portion of the cutting die.

Abstract: A plastic film punching apparatus is improved to prevent a waste 15 from being caught in a cylindrical punch blade 2. The apparatus includes a punch blade 2 comprising a saw-toothed edge which includes mountain portions and valley portions formed alternately with each other. A protrusion 5 is disposed internally of the punch blade 2 to protrude beyond the position of height H1 of the bottoms 7 of valley portions and toward the position of height H2 of the tops 6 of mountain portions. An annular clearance 8 is formed between the punch blade 2 and the protrusion 5.

Abstract: Techniques for joint fusion are described, including obtaining a visual image of a joint and two or more bones connected by the joint, examining the visual image to confirm a pathology and identify a location in which to insert an implant, creating an incision in a tissue adjacent to the joint, preparing the location for insertion of the implant, inserting the implant into the joint using one or more tools, the one or more tools including a drill guide. Some embodiments include packing an implanted or implantable screw with a material using a packing tube.

Abstract: Techniques associated with a system for joint fusion are described, including a drill guide assembly having a drill guide and a pin sleeve, the drill guide including a drill guide head having an opening, a shaft configured to receive the pin sleeve, a drill guide tip configured to engage a bone, and a cannula configured to receive an implant, a striker tube configured to fit over the pin sleeve, the striker tube having an edge configured to fit over the drill guide head, a cannulated drill bit configured to drill a pilot hole in a bone tissue configured to receive the implant, a stop collar configured to be placed over the cannulated drill bit, and a packing plunger assembly having a packing tube and a plunger partially inserted into the packing tube, the packing plunger assembly configured to pack the implant with a material.

Abstract: Techniques for joint fusion are described, including a drill guide assembly having a drill guide and a pin sleeve, the drill guide including a drill guide head having an opening, a shaft configured to receive the pin sleeve, a drill guide tip configured to engage a bone, and a cannula configured to receive an implant, a first guide pin configured to guide placement of the drill guide, a striker tube configured to fit over at least a portion of the pin sleeve, a cannulated drill bit configured to drill a pilot hole in a bone tissue, a stop collar configured to be placed over the cannulated drill bit and to be attached to the cannulated drill bit using a ridge, and a parallel spacer instrument configured to guide placement of a second guide pin at a distance from the implant after the implant is implanted into the bone tissue.

Abstract: An apparatus and a method for disabling a ground engaging traction device of a land vehicle includes at least one penetrator configured to breach the traction device, an articulated strap configured to move the apparatus between a retracted arrangement and an extended arrangement, a mass configured to deploy the apparatus to the extended arrangement, and a retractor configured to retract the apparatus to the retracted arrangement. The penetrators can be arranged in sections and the penetrators can be arranged so as to be multi-directional within each section.

Abstract: A contact organizing system has a ring device and a hole punching device. The ring device is shaped for holding the business cards. The hole punching device for adapted punching holes in the business cards. The hole punching device includes a hanging aperture through the hole punching device for hanging the hole punching device on the ring device.

Abstract: A craft punch with a replaceable cutting tool includes a main body having an upper part and a lower part which are spaced up and down. The upper part has a passage, and the lower part has a receiving part to movably receive a lower cutting mold holder. An upper cutting mold holder receiving component could be installed in the passage movably up and down, the upper side of the receiving component bulges to form a tubular part, and one side of the receiving component back to the tubular part is provided with a receiving part which could movably receive an upper cutting mold; a cover plate covers the upper end of the passage and is provided with a through hole allowing the tubular part to pass through an upper bulge, and an upper cover covers the upper side of the cover plate, and is connected with the tubular part.

Abstract: A device for puncturing a capsule to release a powdered medicament therefrom includes a chamber for receiving the capsule. The capsule includes opposing domes and a cylindrical wall portion defined by a capsule wall radius r. The device further includes a mechanism for puncturing at least one hole in at least one dome. A center of each hole is located within an annular puncture region situated at no less than 0.4 r, and a total surface area of all puncture holes is between about 0.5% and about 2.2% of a total surface area of the capsule. The annular puncture region may, for example, be situated between about 0.4 r and about 0.8 r, or between about 0.4 r and about 0.6 r.

Abstract: An inhalation device comprising a base having a slot for insertion of a single blister containing a dose of medicament to be inhaled into the base is disclosed. The inhaler has a mouthpiece pivotably mounted to the base which carries a blister piercing element operable to pierce a blister received in said slot when the mouthpiece is pivoted relative to the base. When a user inhales on the mouthpiece, the dose is entrained in an airflow and flows out of the blister through the mouthpiece and into the user's airway.

Abstract: A low cost and simple device (10) is provided for forming a hole (51) of precise size in a baby bottle nipple (12). The device includes a hollow cylinder (24) with a vertical axis (28), a plunger (14) that slides vertically in the cylinder, and a cap (32) that lies over the housing and that traps the nipple between the cap and the housing. When a person presses up a bottom (44) of the plunger, a tapered needle (22) at the top of the plunger penetrates up though the nipple to enlarge the hole in it.

Abstract: A punch for punching a sheet of material is provided. The punch has a body with a fissure, a pivot shaft defining a pivot point and a lever retainer secured to said body. The lever is pivotably mounted about the pivot point and has an open position and a closed position. A block is positionable between the lever and the body. The body has longitudinal support ridges and side ridges with the pivot point being positioned in substantially the same plane as the longitudinal support ridge so that when the punch is closed, the side ridges of the lever pass outside of the support ridges of the body in a nesting relationship, allowing the punch to form a flat profile when closed.

Abstract: A toy building set comprising at least one building element (16) having a surface on which a number of coupling studs (8) are provided that extend from the surface, and wherein those coupling studs are configured in a pattern by which there is a mutually fixed distance between adjacent coupling studs, and wherein the toy building set further comprises a perforator (1), said perforator comprising a housing in which at least one punching tool is configured for punching material from a sheet element configured from a thin material such as a sheet of eg paper, plastics or fabric, in such a manner that the perforator is capable of punching a hole in the sheet, which hole has such expanse that one or more coupling studs can be introduced into the punched hole.

Abstract: A device to add or enlarge vents to disposable drinking cup lids. The vents are created by a portion on one of the utensils' ends. The portion has one or more markings to describe the diameter of the vent that will be made when the portion is passed through a disposable cup lid. The vents that are produced from using the device allow the cup's beverage flow rate to be increased and the beverage to be consumed more quickly and quietly.

Abstract: A pie dough cutter comprising a removably attachable handle providing decorative patterns to be added to the top of a pie crust is herein disclosed. The dough cutter comprises different designs for stamping a portion of crust providing decorative elements. After a pie crust is prepared a desired decorative pattern is pressed through the dough, which is then placed onto a pie prior to baking.

Abstract: A specimen slicing guide for use in slicing a biopsy specimen taken from a human patient or an animal patient includes a base extending in a longitudinal direction. A plurality of needles extends substantially perpendicularly to the base and the needles are spaced along the longitudinal direction of the base. Two specimen slicing guides are coupled via at least one link, which is adapted to allow an adjustable spacing of the two specimen slicing guides in a parallel relationship. A method of cutting a biopsy specimen includes fixing the biopsy specimen relative to a support surface using the needles of two, parallel-arranged specimen slicing guides, inserting a cutting tool between corresponding needle gap pairs and then downwardly moving the cutting tool under guidance of adjacent needles.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a blister pack opener for a soft pack of individually segregated unit dosages of medication. It is a strip of spring steel (or other material) that forms a “V”. An orifice in the lower portion of the “V” receives the unit dosage section of the soft pack commonly referred to as the “blister”. The blades that puncture the paper and foil backing protecting the medication are in the upper portion of the “V”. When the blister is placed within the orifice and the top section with the blades is moved fully down, the paper/foil barrier is punctured on three sides allowing the medication to be hand pushed from the blister. The paper flap that results over the empty blister allows used medication, in the case of nicotine gum, to be hygienically disposed of.

Abstract: A catheter assembly includes a catheter hub defining an interior cavity and a catheter tube extending distally thereof. A rigid actuator extends proximally in the interior cavity and supports a seal member thereon. The seal member includes a central membrane, a distal portion, and a proximal portion. An hourglass shaped actuator cavity is formed in the distal portion and receives a barbed end of the actuator. The outer surface of the seal member is in partial circumferential engagement with the catheter hub to define an air path that allows fluid communication between areas of the interior cavity distal and proximal of the seal member. A punch tool is provided to form a tri-slit in the membrane of the seal member.

Abstract: A piercing station for piercing sample container caps or thick stoppers is provided. The cap piercing station utilizes a piercing blade having a generally Z-shape cross-section, a carriage assembly for moving the blade to pierce a cap on a container, an alignment block assembly for preventing the container from being lifted up by friction with the blade when the blade is being withdrawn from a pierced cap, and a latch assembly for latching the alignment block assembly when the blade is being withdrawn.

Abstract: A tool assembly is disclosed that provides reciprocating motion to a tip of the assembly. The tool assembly has a drive assembly, a shaft assembly and a retraction mechanism contained within a housing. The tip of the shaft assembly protrudes from the housing during a portion of the stroke of the drive mechanism and upon disengagement of a motor of the drive assembly, the tip of the shaft assembly is recessed within the housing of the tool assembly.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an analytical tool pack (1) including an analytical tool (13) accommodated in one or between a plurality of sealing sheets (12a, 12b). The analytical tool pack (1) includes a stopper portion (146) for holding the analytical tool (13) with the analytical tool (13) caused to project from the sealing sheets (12a, 12b). Preferably, the analytical tool pack (1) further comprises a base film (14) bonded to the sealing sheets (12a, 12b). For example, the stopper portion (146) comprises the bonded portion of the sealing sheets (12a, 12b) and the base film (14). The present invention further relates to an analyzer which uses the analytical tool pack (1). The analyzer comprises an opening mechanism for making a cut (15) in the analytical tool pack (1), and a pushing mechanism for moving the analytical tool (13) relative to the sealing sheets (12a, 12b) to cause the analytical tool (13) to project through the cut (15).

Abstract: This fence post tool makes an opening in a fence post to receive a fence rail. The tool includes a threaded first member received within the hollow fence post and having an elongate handle to manipulate the first member into position adjacent a predrilled pilot hole. A second member includes a cutting edge defining the profile of the cutout and having a bolt received through the second member and into the threaded passage of the first member to draw the second member cutting edge into cutting engagement with the fence post sidewall.

Abstract: A stud punch head for a power tool includes a head housing and a first arm movably coupled to the head housing. The first arm supports a punch. The stud punch head also includes a second arm movably coupled to the head housing and relative to the first arm. The second arm supports a die opposite the punch. The stud punch head also includes a drive mechanism positioned at least partially within the head housing and operatively coupled to a motor of the power tool. The drive mechanism is operable to move the first arm and the second arm toward and away from each other.

Abstract: A lightweight portable motorized oil filter inspection device comprising a housing, a drive plate having a plurality of gear teeth, an oil filter size adapter mounting adaptable to receive at least one of a plurality of interchangeable oil filter size adapters, at least one drive pin assembly mounting for accepting at least one adjustable drive pin assembly having a plurality of detents, a cutting blade assembly and a means to rotate the drive plate. The drive pin assembly having a plurality of detents enables precise alignment of at least one drive pin with at least one of the oil flow apertures of an oil filter canister. The drive plate is directly driven by a motor drive gear having a plurality of compatible gear drive teeth, mounted on an electric motor shaft.

Abstract: A pumpkin carving kit includes at least one pattern formed from a relatively thin, relatively flexible and relatively non-porous material that is substantially impervious to moisture. The pattern includes at least one cutout portion having a plurality of edges. The kit further includes a marking tool for marking an outline of the edges of the cutout portion(s) onto an exterior surface of a pumpkin. The kit further includes at least one cutting tool for carving the outline of the cutout portion(s) onto the exterior surface of the pumpkin. The kit further includes an illumination source for being positioned within the pumpkin to illuminate the cutout portion(s) when the pumpkin is viewed from an external perspective. The cutout portion(s) may define a sexually themed image and the cutting tool may include a handle portion that defines a sexually themed contour.

Abstract: A punch device for punching parallel slots in sheets to facilitate the mounting of card-like objects on sheets. The device comprises a male plate on which at least one pair of cutting projections are mounted. The device also comprises a female plate moveably hinged to the male plate through which rectangular slots are formed, each slot being so positioned as to correspondingly face one of the cutting projections in the male plate. The hinge assembly comprises an axle part and a swivel part. The axle part comprises cams and the swivel part comprises grooves. The cams are positioned to penetrate the grooves and wrap around over an angle less than the whole circumference of the axle part.

Abstract: A punch tool for the punching of a shape through a sheet of material. The punch tool includes a punch and a die portion disposed within a housing having a slot for receiving a sheet of material. A lower ramp is disposed within the housing and, when rotated, raises the punch to engage the die. The lower ramp may be rotated regardless of the orientation of the punch tool. Thus, the punch tool may be used even when in an inverted position.

Abstract: An apparatus for docking dough includes a base member, a plurality of protrusions extending from a lower surface of the base member, and a handle secured to an upper surface of the base member. The base member is not flat, but rather has a curvature that enables the apparatus to be rocked from side to side when placed on a surface. Thus, in use, the apparatus is first placed on and manually pressed into a dough, such as an uncooked pizza dough. Then, the apparatus is rocked from side to side by the user to dock the dough, ensuring that dimples or divots are made throughout the dough.

Abstract: A piercing station for piercing sample container caps or thick stoppers is provided. The cap piercing station utilizes a piercing blade having a generally Z-shaped cross-section, a carriage assembly for moving the blade to pierce a cap on a container, an alignment block assembly for preventing the container from being lifted up by friction with the blade when the blade is being withdrawn from a pierced cap, and a latch assembly for latching the alignment block assembly when the blade is being withdrawn.

Abstract: A punch apparatus for cutting an opening in a sheet of material is disclosed. The punch apparatus includes a base plate, a measuring stick provided on the base plate and a punch assembly having multiple blades adjustably mounted on the measuring stick for cutting the material. The punch apparatus facilitates the expeditious measurement, marking and cutting of openings for electrical outlet boxes, switch boxes or other utility boxes in sheetrock or other material as well as precise replication of the openings in the sheetrock or other material.

Abstract: A dual function binding machine for making journal notebooks at home includes a hole punching mechanism and a binding mechanism. A punch die includes a plurality of rectangular punch teeth in a graduated configuration to minimize the amount of force required to penetrate through the journal book materials. A guide provides different positions for punching through covers, inner pages and continuous punching of both. This allows the perfect alignment and fit of the outside covers with the inside pages. A spring biased lever operates the punch die in a horizontal direction. The binding mechanism included in the same machine has a vertical outer vise wall that is horizontally movable to compress the binding material to the pages and covers of the journal notebook.

Abstract: A paper punch die (125) is disclosed as including a top part (110, 202, 302) and a platform (100, 206, 306) engaged with each other, the platform (100, 206, 306) having an upper major surface (106) and a lower major surface (126, 207, 307), the upper major surface of the platform (100, 206, 306) being in abutment with a lower major surface (118) of the top part (110, 202, 302), and an endless wall (130) with an undulating cutting edge (132) extending away from the lower major surface (126, 207, 307) of the platform (100, 206, 306). There is also disclosed a paper punch (140) including such a paper punch die (125).

Abstract: A cutting tool for forming a hole in the wall of a plastic pipe has a body portion defined by a rear grasp portion and by a frontal portion. The frontal portion is provided at one end with a through going vertical passage which accommodates the cutting element therein and guides the cutting element. A frontal portion of the body has a mounting pin and the body has an upper compartment with a spring. A pressure handle enables pivotal displacement thereof between an erected position and a depressed position which enables forceable displacement of the cutting element from an uppermost position to a lowermost position and vice versa.

Abstract: The excision of sample spots from a gel or membrane by pressing a cutting tool terminating in a hollow cylinder against the gel or membrane supported on a rigid surface is made more reliable by interposing a relatively pliable, intermediate layer on the side of the surface facing the gel or membrane. The pliability of the intermediate layer compensates for any irregularity or misalignment of the cutting edge of the cylinder relative to the gel or membrane.

Abstract: A mold assembly for embossing thin products includes a first carrier with a female mold connected to an inside thereof and a second carrier with a male mold connected to an inside thereof. The female mold faces the male mold, and the thin product is sandwiched between the male and female molds. A window is defined through the first carrier and located corresponding to the apertures of the female mold so that the user may color the thin products via the apertures of the female mold before the products are removed from the mold assembly.

Abstract: A hole center marking system comprises a punch device and an alignment member. The punch device includes a body assembly and a punch movably disposed within the body assembly. The body assembly has a circular cross-sectional exterior shape at a first end portion thereof. An indenting tip portion of the punch is forcibly biased to a position within the body assembly adjacent the first end portion of the body assembly. The alignment member has a central bore configured for having the first end portion of the body assembly engaged therein. The central bore of the alignment member is size to provide a close-tolerance fit between the central bore and the first end portion of the body assembly.

Abstract: A clipper with a cutting head and having an actuator. The heads contain a structural profile-specific channel into which structural material having the profile for which the head is designed is inserted and clipped. The head is designable for various structural profiles and, in one embodiment, multiple heads are interchangeably operated by a single actuator. In the interchangeable embodiment, a release button having two sections of differing diameters is disposed in the actuator and communicates with a connector slot of the head to permit attachment and detachment of the head from the actuator. The structure-specific clipper increases the quality of cuts and decreases the amount of deformation caused to the material. The clipper reduces buildup of waste material by ejecting cuttings from the head upon clipping.

Abstract: A pinmat (12) for perforating a composite laminate sheet (20). The pinmat (12) includes a mat portion (22) and a series of pins (24) extending from the mat portion (22). Each pin (24) has a shank portion (30) extending from the mat portion (22) and a tip portion (32) extending from the shank portion (30). The tip portion (32)includes a base portion (34) extending from the shank portion (30), an accelerating portion (36) extending from the base portion (34), and a piercing portion (38) extending from the accelerating portion (36). The piercing portion (38) is utilized for penetrating the composite laminate sheet (20) within a substantially low range of applied pressure for forming a hole within the composite laminate sheet (20). Moreover, the accelerating portion (36) is utilized for penetrating the composite laminate sheet (20) at a substantially high speed for forcing the base portion (34) into the composite laminate sheet (20) within the substantially low range of applied pressure.

Abstract: A gasket cutter with changeable and reversible dies and punches including a body having upper and lower opposed arm members, a cylindrical member slidingly engaged within said upper arm member to be raised and lowered by rotation of a handle attached to the cylindrical member, and a platen releasably secured to the lower arm member. A cylindrical punch and a ring die surrounding the punch are attached to the platen. The ring die includes a first and second inner diameter at first and second ends thereof creating with said punch a first and second gap, respectively. A reversible punch die having first and second opposed cutting edges is releasably attached to the cylindrical member so that the first or second cutting edge of the punch die descends into the first or second gap, thereby cutting a ring gasket of a desired size from a sheet of gasket material.

Abstract: A stamping and die-cutting tool with quick mould change design comprises: a casing and a pushing member. The pushing member has a pushing portion to be fixed at an extended position and a retracted position alternatively after being pressed repeatedly. The pushing member is fixed in the casing. A mould have an attractive surface and is moveably disposed in the casing in such a manner that the attractive surface is attracted to the pushing portion of the pushing member; by pressing the mould, the pushing member will be moved out of and retracted into the casing, so that the mould can be changed easily.

Abstract: A track and punch SMR marking device, including a base, the base mounts for adjustment an SMR (spherically mounted retro-reflector), which in cooperation with a laser tracker beam locates the device precisely over an area where a punch mark is to be made, the base includes an upright sleeve, for holding a striker shaft, the striker shaft, at its lower end, includes a bevel, mating with the inclined surface of a cross slide, the cross slide, when it is urged forwardly, depresses a punch forcing it downwardly so as to provide a punch point or indentation upon the component to be worked.

Abstract: A hole-puncher having a roller module with knife protrusions and a mold module roller which are pivotally mounted to mouth sections of the hole-puncher. The knife protrusion roller module is provided with knife head protrusions of various sizes and at least a punching protrusion, and the mold module roller is provided with a plurality of knife mold seats and at least a chopping block. The knife mold seats are provided with protrusions, thereby holes can be punched by rotating the knife roller corresponding to the knife mold seat or the chopping block.

Abstract: A paper punch device includes an elongate base having a first end, a second end, a top side and a length greater than nine inches. A compartment is positioned within the base. An aperture positioned adjacent to the first end extends through the top side into the compartment. An engaging arm is elongated and has rearward end and a forward end. The rearward end is pivotally coupled to the top side adjacent to the second end and the engaging arm extends over the aperture. A piston extends through and is movably mounted in the engaging arm. The piston includes a lower portion that may selectively be extended through the aperture. A first biasing member biases the lower portion upwardly away from the base. An actuator selectively moves the lower portion of the piston downward and into the aperture.

Abstract: A shaving assembly for simultaneously applying a shaving preparation and removing hair in a single step includes a base having an upper end, a lower end and a hollow space between the upper and lower ends, whereby the hollow space defines an opening at the upper end of the base. The shaving assembly includes a receiver for a razor, such as a cartridge receiver for a razor blade cartridge, that is connected with the base and that is disposed at the opening at the upper end of the base. The cartridge receiver has a perimeter and the opening at the upper end of the base completely surrounds the perimeter of the cartridge receiver. The hollow space of the base is adapted for containing a shaving preparation, such as a soap cake, a liquid soap, shaving cream or a body wash and may be combined with skin beneficial ingredients and/or scent.