Abstract: A system and method for detecting islanding in a Distributed Generation utility grid is described. In some examples, the system, via an inverter, injects a frequency disturbance to a location of the utility grid associated with a DG generator, measures both the frequency error due to the disturbance and the frequency drift of the location of the utility grid, and determines islanding based on a maximum value of the frequencies. In some cases, the system is able to reduce or minimize the Non-Detection Zone of the inverter by detecting islanding without always relying on a detectable frequency error due to an injected waveform.

Abstract: A direct current to pulse amplitude modulated (“PAM”) current converter, denominated a “PAMCC”, is connected to an individual source of direct current. The PAMCC receives direct current and provides pulse amplitude modulated current at its output. An array of PAMCCs constructed in accordance with the present invention form a distributed multiphase inverter whose combined output is the demodulated sum of the current pulse amplitude modulated by each PAMCC. The array is configured as a series of stages, wherein the power sources within each stage are in parallel. The series of stages provides for a high voltage AC or DC output. In some embodiments a weak power source is compensated for by adjusting the voltage or the current of the weak power source.

Abstract: A system, apparatus and method for increasing the reliability of an electric power transmission or distribution system by injecting controlled electric power into the transmission or distribution system using mobile electric power sources. The mobile electric power source may be a locomotive engine. The mobile electric power source may be controlled using an IED. The mobile electric power source may be controlled to provide active power or reactive power or act as a governor or exciter to the electric power transmission or distribution system.

Abstract: In one aspect, the invention comprises a system comprising: a master data clock source; one or more transponders; and a plurality of remote power line transceivers; wherein all of said plurality of transceivers are connected to a common alternating current power distribution grid; and wherein each of said plurality of transceivers has a location is operable to monitor a voltage waveform of a power line prevailing at said location. In another aspect, the invention comprises a system comprising: transponders and remote power line transceivers each connected to a common alternating current power distribution grid each operable to monitor the voltage waveform of the power line prevailing at its own location, and generate selectable frequencies from said local power line waveform of a frequency of p/q times the frequency of said power line where p and q are positive integers greater than or equal to 1.

Abstract: An energy supply is provided along a route with at least one distribution station, wherein a first voltage is applied at the input and a second voltage at the output. The second voltage is lower or higher than the first voltage. A plurality of components are arranged along the route. A component, which is supplied with the second voltage, includes a power supply unit for transforming the second voltage into a third voltage.

Abstract: A method of controlling the output inverter of a microsource in a distributed energy resource system is disclosed. Embodiments of the invention include using unit or zone power controllers that reduce the operating frequency of the inverter to increase its unit output power. Preferred embodiments includes methods wherein the inverter reaches maximum output power and minimum operating frequency at the same time, and further comprising using a voltage controller implementing a voltage vs. reactive current droop. Other aspects of this embodiment relate to an inverter that implements such methods, and a microsource containing such an inverter. These methods can be extended to control inverters in a plurality of microsources, organized in a single zone or in a plurality of zones.

Abstract: A system of localized tapping sections (1, 2 or 3) is provided with air or ground units for the distribution of electrical energy and an assembly on the vehicle (4) for tapping the energy. The electrical energy distribution units are supported by distributing poles (5), only accommodate electrical voltage when the vehicle approaches the related section, and being disconnected when the vehicle (4) leaves the tapping section. The tapping sections are located in vehicle stopping zones, for example, stations (1), acceleration zones, and uphill gradients (2), in order to recharge and/or supply drive energy to the vehicle (4). The system is beneficial to autonomous urban public transportation which accumulates drive energy.

Abstract: Distributed power supply arrangements and related methods are disclosed. Voltage is sensed at least one sense point in a power plane of a power distribution network. The power plane includes distributed source points and load points through which a plurality of power sources supply power to a plurality of loads. Currents supplied to the power plane by the power sources are regulated based on the voltage sensed at each of the at least one sense point.

Abstract: A plurality of power sources (26) supply power to a plurality of loads (24) via a distribution network (20, 22). Voltage is sensed at one or more points (28) in the network to provide a closed loop for regulating current or power supplied by the power sources, thereby allowing for voltage drops due to resistance of the distribution network. The loads may be low voltage integrated circuit devices on a printed circuit board (10), the distribution network may comprise power and ground planes of the board, and the power sources may be switch mode power converters on the board and providing regulated output currents.

Abstract: The ground-level power supply circuit includes two running ways each having a power supply track which includes a series of conducting track segments separated by insulated joints, and a power supply line. The power supply line is common to the two power supply tracks, and the power supply circuit includes switching devices for independently and selectively connecting the power supply track segments to the common power supply line.

Abstract: A distributed electric generation system having a plurality of wind turbine generators for converting wind energy into low voltage AC electric power, wherein each of the wind turbine generators has a wind rotor having a vertical axis of rotation which rotates in response to the wind, a rotatable shaft driven by said wind rotor, and an electric generator connected to the rotating drive shaft for generating low voltage AC electric power in response to the rotation of the wind rotor by the wind.

Abstract: A roadway system for energy generation and distribution is presented. In accordance with one embodiment of the invention, the roadway system comprises a plurality of ground-based wind energy generating devices, one or more roads, and a roadway system electricity grid. The roadway system may additionally include, for example, a plurality of ground-based solar energy generating devices, one or more vehicle-based solar energy generating devices and one or more vehicle-based wind energy generating devices. The energy generating devices are connected to the roadway system electricity grid and substantially all of the ground-based wind energy generating devices are positioned on part of one of the roads or near to one or more of the roads to thereby allow energy generation from wind created from passing vehicles in addition to energy generation from atmospheric wind.

Abstract: RF power is coupled with different phase offsets to different RF connection points on an electrode of a plasma chamber. Preferably, the number of different RF connection points and corresponding phase offsets is at least four, and the positions of the RF connection points are distributed along two orthogonal dimensions of the electrode. Preferably, power to each respective RF connection point is supplied by a respective RF power supply, wherein each power supply synchronizes its phase to a common reference RF oscillator.

Abstract: A roadway system for energy generation and distribution is presented. In accordance with one embodiment of the invention, the roadway system comprises a plurality of solar energy generating devices, and a roadway system electricity grid. The solar energy generating devices are electrically connected to the roadway system electricity grid and are positioned on part of or near to a road in a system of roads and being optionally fixed in a position such that a multi-form, solar energy gathering network can be formed.

Abstract: A system has at least two guideway-related guideway components of a track guideway and a transformer station, which is electrically connected to the at least two guideway components and supplies the same with an output voltage for the purpose of power supply. The transformer station generates, on the output side, a higher output voltage than the guideway component connected thereto requires as the operating voltage for its operation. The guideway components are equipped with respective voltage reducing devices which reduce the supply voltage, supplied by the transformer station, to the operating voltage which the individual guideway component requires.

Abstract: A roadway system for energy generation and distribution is presented. In accordance with one embodiment of the invention, the roadway system comprises a plurality of wind energy generating devices, and a roadway system electricity grid. The wind energy generating devices are electrically connected to the roadway system electricity grid and are positioned on part of or near to a road in a system of roads and are optionally fixed in a position such that a multi-form, wind energy gathering network can be formed.

Abstract: A method for the cost-effective transmission of electricity to a power grid capable of receiving it from a wind farm located remote from the power grid is provided wherein mapping information available for unused or abandoned pipelines, high voltage electrical transmission lines and average wind power locations is utilized to select sites where the building of a wind farm is not prohibited because of environmental and land use restrictions and which are situated near an unused or abandoned pipeline that intersects a power grid capable of receiving the energy produced by the wind farm. When a wind farm is built on a selected site, the energy may be efficiently transmitted to the power grid through an underground high voltage electric line installed in the pipeline.

Abstract: Regarding output suppression control of a plurality of dispersed power sources linked to a high-voltage-to-low-voltage transformer of a commercial power system, the partiality of the output suppression of a plurality of dispersed power sources is eliminated and, cost increase of the dispersed power sources is prevented. If a voltage at a power receiving point of a dispersed power source 1a exceeds the upper limit of a proper value, then a power conditioner 4 suppresses an output to a power receiving point to store a surplus power into a storage battery 8 and transmit an output suppression start signal to a management unit 9. The management unit 9 transmits an output suppression command signal to the other dispersed power sources 1b through 1e of which the voltage at the power receiving point is not exceeding the upper limit of the proper value to make the other dispersed power sources 1b through 1e to suppress their outputs and store surplus power into storage batteries 8.

Abstract: A backplane system for reconfigurable backplane power distribution includes circuit board slots, power entry modules, power distribution circuitry, and switching circuitry. The power distribution circuitry includes a first power configuration and a second power configuration and distributes the power from the power entry modules to at least one circuit board plugged into one of the circuit board slots. The switching circuitry switches between the first power configuration and the second power configuration to provide extended power capabilities.

Abstract: An electrical power system that can be used to interconnect a plurality of generators to a plurality to loads while being rated at less than a total power consumed. The system is preferably used to distribute power for a Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) facility. The system broadly comprises a primary bus connected between the generators and the loads, such as electrical compressor motors used in the LNG facility. The generators and the loads are arranged along the primary bus in order to distribute the power from the generators to the loads, without overloading the primary bus.

Abstract: Systems, methods and apparatuses which may be capable of achieving better voltage distribution within a voltage domain are disclosed. Embodiments of the present invention may provide a power distribution network capable of achieving a flatter voltage distribution throughout a voltage domain to which the power distribution network is coupled. More specifically, a power distribution network may comprise multiple power supplies and voltage sensors, each power supply operable to provide power to the voltage domain. A power supply may supply voltage to the voltage domain while one or more additional power supplies may supply power to the voltage domain in the vicinity of a voltage sensor based on the voltage sensed at the voltage sensor. In this way, voltage fluctuation across a voltage domain may be reduced without significantly increasing the power consumption of the semiconductor device.

Abstract: A low power semiconductor memory device using a power gating is disclosed. The semiconductor memory device includes a standard cell and a power gating cell. The standard cell is provided with a virtual supply voltage and a first supply voltage. The power gating cell generates the virtual supply voltage from a second supply voltage and provides the standard cell with the virtual supply voltage in response to a control signal. The virtual supply voltage and the first supply voltage are provided by a first metal layer and the second supply voltage is provided by a third metal layer. The power gating cell may include at least one slice block and isolator blocks. The respective slice block has a transistor for switching current. The isolator blocks are arranged on both sides of the slice block and insulate the slice block from outside.

Abstract: Regarding output suppression control of a plurality of dispersed power sources linked to a high-voltage-to-low-voltage transformer of a commercial power system, the partiality of the output suppression of a plurality of dispersed power sources is eliminated and, cost increase of the dispersed power sources is prevented. If a voltage at a power receiving point of a dispersed power source 1a exceeds the upper limit of a proper value, then a power conditioner 4 suppresses an output to a power receiving point to store a surplus power into a storage battery 8 and transmit an output suppression start signal to a management unit 9. The management unit 9 transmits an output suppression command signal to the other dispersed power sources 1b through 1e of which the voltage at the power receiving point is not exceeding the upper limit of the proper value to make the other dispersed power sources 1b through 1e to suppress their outputs and store surplus power into storage batteries 8.

Abstract: The output voltage of a dc—dc transformer having a ratio of approximately m/n, and which is powered from a main power supply having a remote sense input, can be stabilized by feeding the output of the dc—dc transformer to the remote sense input of the main power supply through an amplifier having a voltage gain of m/n.

Abstract: A branching unit for use in submarine systems that includes a ground termination; first, second, and third cable terminations each coupled to a power feed line of a respective submarine cable; a re-configuration relay in series between the first cable termination and the ground termination, the re-configuration relay being unidirectional and having at least one contact positioned in series between the second and third terminations, the at least one contact being closed when the re-configuration relay is de-energized; and a bypass relay in series between the second and third cable terminations, the bypass relay having a contact positioned in parallel with the reconfiguration relay and being open when the bypass relay is de-energized.

Abstract: A voltage recovery device is configured to provide reactive power to a utility power network at a level and for a duration sufficient to recover the voltage on the utility power network within a predetermined proportion of the nominal voltage, following a fault condition detected on the utility power network. In operation, the voltage recovery device reduces the overall transmission losses in a utility power system.

Abstract: External output terminal 28 is clamped by clamping circuit 20, and a current mirror is configured using diode circuit 23 within clamping circuit 20 and detector transistor 34. When the voltage of external output terminal 28 can no longer be maintained by the first current supply circuit 11 alone as load 27 increases, clamping circuit 20 shuts off, and detector transistor 34 shuts off. As detector transistor 34 shuts off, the second current supplying element 12 becomes conductive and supplies a current to load 27. Because the second current supplying element 12 is not operating during normal operation during which the current consumption by load 27 is low, the current consumption is low. In addition, because no amplifier is required, only a small number of elements are required.

Abstract: A parallel power system provides virtual impedance so that the parallel-connected power supplies can couple each other directly and the parallel-connected power supplies have the same real power output by the adjustment of output voltage references. Furthermore, the virtual impedance is greater than an intrinsic impedance of the power supply and thus the virtual impedance is dominant impedance. Therefore, the parallel-connected power supplies can couple each other directly without linking inductors.

Abstract: A submarine power feeding branching device comprises a constant current-constant current converter which isolates an input side for a trunk submarine cable from an output side for a branch submarine cable. The converter receives a first constant current and produces a second constant current by using the first constant current. The second constant current is supplied to the output side while the first constant current is returned to the input side. Because the input side and the output side are isolated, it is easy to add/remove the device to/from a submarine power feeding system. Intensity of the second constant current can be controlled by controlling duty ratios of switches included in the converter. Thus, it is possible that the intensity of the second constant current is equal to that of the first constant current. Therefore, a submarine repeater can be provided along either the trunk cable or the branch cable.

Abstract: A plurality of power sources (26) supply power to a plurality of loads (24) via a distribution network (20, 22). Voltage is sensed at one or more points (28) in the network to provide a closed loop for regulating current or power supplied by the power sources, thereby allowing for voltage drops due to resistance of the distribution network. The loads may be low voltage integrated circuit devices on a printed circuit board (10), the distribution network may comprise power and ground planes of the board, and the power sources may be switch mode power converters on the board and providing regulated output currents.

Abstract: Regarding output suppression control of a plurality of dispersed power sources linked to a high-voltage-to-low-voltage transformer of a commercial power system, the partiality of the output suppression of a plurality of dispersed power sources is eliminated and, cost increase of the dispersed power sources is prevented. If a voltage at a power receiving point of a dispersed power source 1a exceeds the upper limit of a proper value, then a power conditioner 4 suppresses an output to a power receiving point to store a surplus power into a storage battery 8 and transmit an output suppression start signal to a management unit 9. The management unit 9 transmits an output suppression command signal to the other dispersed power sources 1b through 1e of which the voltage at the power receiving point is not exceeding the upper limit of the proper value to make the other dispersed power sources 1b through 1e to suppress their outputs and store surplus power into storage batteries 8.

Abstract: A submarine cable power feeding system includes N (N is an integer of 2 or larger) main submarine cables extending from the land in the offshore direction, N-stage (N is an integer of 2 or larger) submarine feed branching devices, and first to Nth (N is an integer of 2 or larger) sub submarine cables. Each submarine feed branching device is connected to the main submarine cable to receive constant-voltage power from a constant-voltage feed unit. Each sub submarine cable connects the Nth-stage submarine feed branching device, connected to the Nth main submarine cable, to the adjacent submarine feed branching device through submarine repeaters, thereby receiving power from a constant-current feed unit. Each constant-current feed unit is built in the submarine feed branching device. The submarine feed branching devices and the submarine repeaters are arranged in a matrix on a plane.

Abstract: A power supply booster module for a programmable logic controller system replaces the primary power supply for a number of modules within the system. The power supply booster module allows high power consuming or highly complex modules to be used within a programmable logic controller system. The power supply booster module eliminates the problems present in prior programmable logic controller systems where the primary power supply could not output enough current to adequately power all of the system modules or modules that have a high power requirement.

Abstract: In an apparatus for tapping current from a busbar by means of a roller which is arranged, for example, on a trolley, the one roller is also intended to have associated with it at least one further roller, adjacent to it and at a distance from the same busbar. In addition, at least one further busbar is provided parallel to said busbar on which further rollers for tapping current roll. In addition, each roller is assigned a connection to an electrical load and a contact spring leads from the connection to the roller circumference and makes contact at the roller circumference.

Abstract: An apparatus contains a main electrical supply and an additional electrical supply for supplying additional electrical current in response to a change in an output load supplied by the main electrical supply. A differential measuring device senses a change in the load, or output of the main supply, and provides an indication to the additional electrical supply to supply additional current to the load. The additional electric supply contains a capacitor connected to a voltage source having a higher voltage output than the main electrical supply, and a current generator.

Abstract: A system and method for supplying power to stator sections of a long-stator magnetic levitation railway system, where the stator winding is subdivided into several stator sections that can be controlled individually along a route for a magnetically levitated vehicle, where the stator sections can be connected to at least one feeder cable system running along the stator sections via at least one section switch, and at least one converter is provided for each feeder cable system, where one or more converters are provided in at least one substation along the stator sections, and each converter creates a voltage supply system for the stator sections, where the operating voltage in the feeder cable systems is not the same as the operating voltage of the stator sections, and at least one matching transformer is connected between the feeder cable systems and the stator sections so the operating voltage of the feeder cable systems can be transformed to the operating voltage of the stator sections.

Abstract: Two power sources are connected to a load by a pair of MOSFET control switches, each connected respectively in series between one of the sources and the load, with their integral diodes forwardly biased between the power source and load. An isolating MOSFET switch is connected in series between the pair of MOSFET control switches and the load with its integral diode back biased between the power sources and the load. Two control lines control the on-off state of all three MOSFET switches so that the isolating MOSFET switch is on when either control switch is on and is off when both control switches are off.

Abstract: A train car with mirror image electrical couplings having mirror image halves at each end for connecting train lines in each car to corresponding train lines in adjacent cars, regardless of the end-to-end orientation of the car, has selected pairs of train lines connected to corresponding pairs of switches for each end of the car for switching the halves of each selected pair of train lines between one or the other halves of the mirror image electrical couplings, depending on the orientation of the car.

Abstract: The power supply system for a DC powered electrical transit system is adapted to accommodate normal, surge and continuous peak demands by locating battery equipped secondary power supplies at locations which create excess power demands such as at passenger stations, at the beginning of an uphill grade and at midpoints between the primary power supplies. During normal operation, the batteries are charged and during surge or peak demand periods, are discharged to provide additional power to the system.

Abstract: A control system for a material handling device such as a drag line in which additional power required for a first motion, such as hoisting, may be obtained from the power source for a second motion such as drag and conversely additional power for the second motion may be obtained from the power available for the first motion under specified conditions.

Abstract: An optical undersea telecommunications system has a main cable (1) which branches (BU1) near a landfall to two separate stations. Each branch (71,81) supplies half the current of the main cable (1) for powering the regenerators. In the event of a fault in a branch (e.g. 81) caused by an anchor or fishing gear, the operations branch (71) regenerator (e.g 11) can supply the full current (I) via a zener diode power feed and bypass circuit and high voltage diodes (D1,D2) automatically prevent leakage of current back to the fault.

Abstract: This invention serves to reduce the drop of feeder voltage in an electric railway, and relates to a feeder voltage compensating apparatus for electric railways wherein an accumulator and a thyristor rectifier are connected by a thyristor switch circuit which can change-over the charging and discharging directions of the accumulator.

Abstract: A power supply employing a clock-driven D.C.-A.C.-D.C. converter having a current transformer in the A.C. section to develop a trapezoidal current feedback pulse train which is then converted to a trapezoidal voltage pulse train. A comparator compares the trapezoidal voltage pulse train to a voltage reference level set such that it is normally crossed by the ramp portion of each trapezoidal voltage pulse. Upon occurrence of a ramp crossing, which varies with the level of the output current, a control pulse is produced by the comparator and supplied to gating logic which develops driving pulse trains for the D.C.-A.C.-D.C. converter and cuts off each driving pulse upon occurrence of a control pulse. The resulting power supply constitutes a voltage-controlled constant current power supply which may be connected with an arbitrary number of other such supplies to a power bus and a common feedback-controlled voltage reference source.