Abstract: Emitter (3) and target (7) are arranged so as to face each other in vacuum chamber (1), and guard electrode (5) is provided at outer circumferential side of electron generating portion (31) of emitter (3). Emitter (3) is supported movably in both end directions of vacuum chamber (1) by emitter supporting unit (4) having movable body (40). To perform regeneration process of guard electrode (5), emitter is moved to no-discharge position by operating emitter supporting unit, and state in which field emission of electron generating portion (31) is suppressed is set, then by applying voltage across guard electrode (5), discharge is repeated. After regeneration process, by operating emitter supporting unit again, emitter is moved to discharge position, and state in which field emission of electron generating portion (31) is possible is set with movement of movable body (40) toward the other and side being restrained by movement restraining unit (6).

Abstract: An X-ray generator is provided using a transmission type target having a long life span, where it is possible to change the point for generating X-rays on the surface of the target while maintaining the vacuum chamber in a high vacuum state. A portion of a vacuum chamber 1 that includes a target 2 is linked to a main body portion 1a of the chamber through a linking member 5 as a movable chamber portion 1b. A fixed anode 12 is provided between the target 2 and the electrode 10 at the final stage from among a group of electrodes 8, 9 and 10 for electrostatically accelerating and converging electrons from an electron source 7 and is fixed to the main body portion 1a of the chamber in order to prevent the form of the electrical field from changing when the movable chamber portion 1b is shifted.

Abstract: An x-ray generating apparatus comprises: a vacuum container having a main body, and a moving member coupled movably and airtightly to the main body via a vacuum bellows; and a guide mechanism, provided on an outer side of the vacuum container, for regulating the movement and inclination of the moving member in an approaching/separation direction with respect to an electron gun. The guide mechanism includes a guide portion where a guide flat surface along a plane orthogonal to a central axis of the electron beam is formed, the guide portion being provided on the main body side, a guided portion where a guided flat surface facing the guide flat surface is formed, the guided portion being provided on the moving member side, and at least three rolling elements placed between the guide flat surface and the guided flat surface.

Abstract: Described herein are devices and methods for controlling inclination in a vehicle. In certain aspects, inclination of the vehicle can be controlled with an inclination control processing section that includes a first control value limiting processing section which calculates a moving amount of the centroid, calculates a maximum angular acceleration, and limits a variation of the control value for inclination control on the basis of the maximum angular acceleration.

Abstract: A rotatable magnetron cathode having at least one supported end adapted for attachment to a spindle. At least one dark space shield is attached to the cathode at a supported end to rotate therewith, and is electrically floating relative to the cathode.

Abstract: A microwave generated light source including a lamp envelope having apparatus for rotating the envelope about an axis which includes an electric motor with a hollow shaft, an elongated stem attached to the envelope and extending within the hollow shaft and a wire-like spring clip for retaining the stem within the hollow shaft.

Abstract: An improved plasma arc reactor is provided with variably positionable electrodes, including a cylindrical anode electrode having an inner, frustoconical cavity providing a reaction chamber and a spherical cathode ball electrode mounted therein. Between these electrodes an arc discharge is induced and sustained to heat and ionize an inert gas to produce an arc plasma for refining raw material introduced into the reaction chamber. A magnetic induction coil is mounted around the outer diameter of the anode electrode to thereby establish a magnetic field to rotate the arc discharge and plasma within the reaction chamber.

Abstract: A high-coulomb transfer switch useful for high current pulse power supplies employs an inverse-pinch mechanism to sweep the arc current sheet over the electrodes. The inverse pinch currents are formed by a special electrode configuration wherein the inner electrode has the shape of a mushroom with the "cap" surrounding the "stem" so that the currents flowing in the electrode enclose the magnetic induction around the "stem". This results in repulsive forces on the outer currents in the "cap" causing the arc current sheet to rapidly move from the lip at the "cap" where the arc is initiated upward to the crown of the "cap" where occurs the final decay of the current. In the disclosed preferred embodiment, the inner, outer and return electrodes are generally cylindrical and placed coaxially. The switch can be operated under a vacuum or under a high pressure gas.

Abstract: An ambient pressure lamp for automobiles and related conveyances includes a parabolic reflector having an inner reflective surface, an outer surface, a base portion and an outer peripheral edge wherein the base portion includes a centrally located clearance aperture for receipt of a lamp filament socket. The reflector member is enclosed by a lens member which as a stepped inner surface and a surrounding lip portion which is sealingly attached to the outer peripheral edge of the reflector member in order to define an inner chamber wherein a lamp filament is positioned. An expandable membrane is sealingly joined around the outer surface of the reflector member and around the lamp filament socket so as to define an expansion chamber between the outer surface and the membrane.

Abstract: A pressure compensating device for a plasma display panel expands from an unextended position at lower altitudes to an expanded position at high altitudes to maintain the pressure differential across the panel sidewalls within predetermined limits. One embodiment includes a bellows assembly positioned on the rear wall of the plasma panel. The end wall of the bellows contacts an internal stop at lower altitudes so that the volume inside the bellows is as small as possible. As the pressure differential across the panel sidewall increases, either as a result of changes in the ambient temperature or pressure, the bellows moves in an axial direction to its extended position providing an additional volume in which the panel gas is received. Accordingly, the pressure differential across the panel sidewall can be maintained below a certain predetermined level irregardless of changes in ambient pressures and temperatures.

Abstract: The nozzle and laser channel walls for a supersonic electrical discharge gas laser are formed from fully contoured single pieces of dielectric material. The axially symmetric, two-dimensional wall contours of the combined nozzle and laser channel describe a continuous extension of the subsonic flow plenum, into which the gas is initially introduced, and which is located upstream of the combined nozzle-laser channel. A high precision portion of the contour of the combined nozzle-laser channel extends from a beginning point in the nozzle inlet region near the throat to a termination point which is beyond the nozzle exit plane a distance equal to approximately one-half of the nozzle exit height. The high precision portion is a region of continuous curvature supersonic expansion.

Abstract: An X-ray tube, which comprises an opening bored in a prescribed position in the envelope of the X-ray tube, and means for reducing the internal pressure of the X-ray tube, when said internal pressure gets higher beyond a prescribed extent than external pressure, thereby enabling the X-ray tube to be safely removed from an X-ray housing.

Abstract: An air bearing vacuum seal assembly capable of rotating at the speed of several thousand revolutions per minute using an air cushion to prevent the rotating and stationary parts from touching, and a two stage differential pumping arrangement to maintain the pressure gradient between the air cushion and the vacuum so that the leak rate into the vacuum is, for example, less than 1 .times. 10.sup.-4 Pa m.sup.3 /s. The air bearing vacuum seal has particular application for mounting rotating targets to an evacuated accelerator beam tube for bombardment of the targets with high-power charged particle beams in vacuum.