Abstract: There is provided a control method for an electron microscope including a thermionic-emission gun of self-bias type using a fixed bias resistor, an accelerating voltage power supply supplying an accelerating voltage to the thermionic-emission gun, and an optical system for irradiating a specimen with an electron beam. The control method includes: obtaining a value of a load current which is a current passing through an accelerating voltage power supply; determining a filament height of the thermionic-emission gun based on the value of the load current; and setting a condition of the optical system based on the filament height.

Abstract: A light emitting device includes a first metal plate, a second metal plate, and light emitting elements between the metal plates. The device further includes a wavelength conversion member excited by a first light from the light emitting elements to emit a second light having a wavelength different from the first light, a bulb including a base, a first lead connected to the first metal plate, and a second lead connected to the second metal plate. The base of the bulb includes terminals connected to respective leads. The conversion member covers the light emitting elements entirely, opposite surfaces of the first metal plate partially, and opposite surfaces of the second metal plate partially. The first lead is connected to a portion of the first metal plate exposed from the conversion member, and the second lead is connected to a portion of the second metal plate exposed from the conversion member.

Abstract: The present disclosure is in one aspect to a dispenser for rolled sheet materials. The dispenser includes a feed roller that is rotatably mounted to a housing of the dispenser housing, and that is configured to feed a predetermined amount of sheet material from the supply of sheet material through a discharge provided along the housing of the dispenser. The dispenser also has a feed roller drive assembly with a drive motor, and a belt transmission assembly. The belt transmission assembly has a drive belt coupled to the drive motor and to the feed roller such that rotation of the feed roller is driven by operation of the drive motor.

Abstract: A light emitting device filament includes a substrate having a first surface and a second surface opposite to the first surface and extending in one direction, at least one light emitting device chip disposed on the first surface, and an auxiliary pattern disposed on the second surface and disposed at a position corresponding to the light emitting device chip.

Abstract: A multilayer photonic stack comprising a lower plurality of alternating layers comprising at least A and B and an upper plurality of alternating layers comprising at least C and D, layer A comprises at least one of Al, Au, W, Ag, Ni, Ti, Pt, and Cr, layer B comprises at least one of Al2O3, AlN, MgO, SiO2, TiO2, Si3N4, MgF2, Ta2O5, SiC, Si, Ge, and Indium Tin Oxide (ITO), and layers C and D comprise at least one of Al2O3, AlN, MgO, SiO2, TiO2, Si3N4, MgF2, Ta2O5, SiC, Si, Ge, and Indium Tin Oxide (ITO).

Abstract: An LED light bulb includes a bulb shell, a bulb base, a stem, conductive supports, an LED filament, and a supporting arm. The bulb base is connected to the bulb shell. The stem is connected to the bulb base. The conductive supports are connected to the stem. The LED filament includes a filament body and two conductive electrodes. The conductive electrodes are at two ends of the filament body and connected to the conductive supports. The filament body is around the stem. The supporting arm is connected to the stem and the filament body. In a height direction of the LED light bulb, H is a distance from a bottom to a top of the bulb shell. A first height difference is defined between the two conductive electrodes and is from 0 to 1/10H. The filament body is curved to form a highest point and a lowest point. A second height difference is defined between the highest point and the lowest point. The first height difference is less than the second height difference.

Abstract: A LED filament for an omnidirectional lamp comprises two longitudinal filament sections, and each filament section includes a plurality of LEDs. The two filament sections are electrically conductively connected by a flexible connecting section. A lamp using such LED filaments provides a light distribution having an increased homogeneity.

Abstract: A light emitting module includes a base board having a first surface and a second surface opposing the first surface. A plurality of light-emitting diodes is provided on the first surface of the base board. A seal covers the plurality of light-emitting diodes, includes a wavelength conversion material, and covers the second surface of the base board.

Abstract: A light-emitting diode (LED) filament with a heat-dissipating structure includes multiple LED chips, multiple conductive carriers and a package layer. Each conductive carrier takes the form of a metal sheet and the multiple conductive carriers are spaced apart from each other. Each LED chip is commonly carried by and is electrically connected to two of the multiple conductive carriers adjacent to the LED chip. The package layer covers the multiple LED chips and the multiple conductive carriers with two lateral edge portions of each conductive carrier exposed from the package layer. The LED filament is mounted inside a light bulb. Because the multiple conductive carriers are partially exposed from the package layer, heat generated by the multiple LED chips can be dissipated to an ambient environment without affecting lighting efficiency and light output as a result of accumulated heat.

Abstract: An emitter that can be lighted even if a line of any part thereof is broken by ensuring an electric pathway. The X-ray tube device includes an electron emission surface P having an electric pathway; electric heating elements 21, 22 that are connected electrically to both ends of said electron emission surface; and two branched terminals that are branched in the middle of the electric pathway of the electron emission surface P between electric heating elements 21 and 22; second electric heating element, in order from the electric heating element 21 as the supporting element 23 and the supporting element 24; and further comprises: a relay 33A that switches the electric heating element 21 and the supporting element 24 to be in a short-circuit/open condition and a relay 33B switches the electric heating element 22 and the supporting element 23 to be in a short-circuit/open condition.

Abstract: A magnetron cooling fin has a flat plate shape in which one or a plurality of corrugated regions are formed in a body of the magnetron cooling fin to improve cooling efficiency thereof. A magnetron cooling fin in which a corrugated region processed to increase a contact area in contact with air is formed around a through-hole through which an anode unit of a magnetron passes, thereby improving cooling efficiency thereof.

Abstract: A cathode for an X-ray tube, an X-ray tube, a system for X-ray imaging, and a method for an assembly of a cathode for an X-ray tube include a filament, a support structure, a body structure, and a filament frame structure. The filament is provided to emit electrons towards an anode in an electron emitting direction, and the filament at least partially includes a helical structure. Further, the filament is held by the support structure which is fixedly connected to the body structure. The filament frame structure is provided for electron-optical focusing of the emitted electrons, and the filament frame structure is provided adjacent to the outer boundaries of the filament. The filament frame structure includes frame surface portions arranged transverse to the emitting direction, and the filament frame structure is held by the support structure.

Abstract: An electric light strand is disclosed which comprises a cable comprising at least one wire, and a plurality of sockets secured to the cable. Each socket defines an internal cavity for receiving a sleeve portion a light bulb. Each internal cavity defines a central axis. Each socket comprises a plurality of contacts configured to provide electrical communication between the at least one wire and a corresponding one of the sleeve portions. Each central axis extends in an orientation non-perpendicular to a corresponding portion of the cable secured to the corresponding socket.

Abstract: According to one embodiment, an incandescent lamp includes: a bulb; a pair of lead sections that have respectively a holding section including nickel or molybdenum as a main component and an introduction section that is joined to one end portion of the holding section and is formed of Dumet wire; a filament section that is held between end portions of a pair of holding sections opposite to a side on which the introduction sections are joined inside the bulb; a fixing member that holds a pair of introduction sections inside the bulb; and a sealing section that seals one end portion of the bulb and holds the pair of introduction sections.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing panels of the type having at least a substrate and a printed decor with a relief provided on the substrate involves printing, whether or not by the intermediary of primer layers, at least a portion of the decor onto the substrate and forming the relief. The relief is formed at least partially after the portion of the decor has been printed on the substrate.

Abstract: The present invention provides systems, articles, and methods for discriminating electromagnetic radiation based upon the angle of incidence of the electromagnetic radiation. In some cases, the materials and systems described herein can be capable of inhibiting reflection of electromagnetic radiation (e.g., the materials and systems can be capable of transmitting and/or absorbing electromagnetic radiation) within a given range of angles of incidence at a first incident surface, while substantially reflecting electromagnetic radiation outside the range of angles of incidence at a second incident surface (which can be the same as or different from the first incident surface). A photonic material comprising a plurality of periodically occurring separate domains can be used, in some cases, to selectively transmit and/or selectively absorb one portion of incoming electromagnetic radiation while reflecting another portion of incoming electromagnetic radiation, based upon the angle of incidence.

Abstract: An incandescent lamp is provided having first and second attach lead wires and a filament having a coil portion between first and second end portions. The first and second end portions are crimped to the first and second wires, respectively. The first end portion has a bent portion and the second end portion has a second bent portion to prevent migration of the coil portion relative to the first and second lead wires.

Abstract: A high-pressure discharge lamp having an electrode including an electrode rod, a melted part and a coil part, and satisfying 0 < La L < 0.3 , where La denotes an average value of a length in units of mm of an exposed portion of the coil part in an axial direction of the electrode rod, the exposed portion being not covered with the melted part, and L denotes a maximum value of a length in units of mm between a tip of a head of the electrode rod and an opposite edge of the coil part to the melted part, measured in the axial direction.

Abstract: A filament coil for an incandescent lamp assembly is provided. The filament coil includes a helical winding extending generally along a longitudinal axis between a first end and a second end. The filament coil further includes a winding having a first pitch ratio at the first and second ends, and a different, second pitch ratio along an intermediate portion located between the first and second ends.

Abstract: An infrared heat lamp (200) having a vertical burning position includes an outer tubular member (202) and a heating element (208) having a coiled portion (214) at least partially disposed within the outer tubular member (202). The heating element (208) includes first and second terminal ends (210, 212), wherein the coiled portion (214) is defined therebetween, the coiled portion (214) having a plurality of turns (216) defining a through passage (218). The heat lamp (200) further includes an inner elongate member (222) disposed within the through passage (218) of the coiled portion (214), the inner elongate member (222) having a plurality of support members (224) extending therefrom. Each of the plurality of support members (224) engages at least one of the plurality of turns (216) of the coiled portion (214), whereby the coiled portion (214) is supported by the plurality of support members (224) when the heating element (208) is in a vertical orientation.

Abstract: The filament clamp assembly has a pair of bifurcated clamps to hold the connecting leads of a filament within a cavity of a cathode of a separate cathode assembly. The filament clamp assembly is mounted on the insulator block in self-aligning relation. The cathode assembly has a tungsten cathode with an internal cavity to receive the filament that is secured within a retainer shield made of one of tungsten, molybdenum and graphite by a threaded graphite cylindrical collar.

Abstract: An apparatus and method comprising a cathode structure which can be a cylindrical filament coiled in a helix or which can be constructed of a ribbon or other suitable shape. The cathode structure can be heated by passage of an electrical current, or by other means such as bombardment with energetic electrons. Selected portions of the surface of the cathode structure have an altered property with respect to the non-selected portions of the surface. In one embodiment, the altered property is a curvature. In another embodiment, the altered property is a work function. By altering the property of the selected portions of the surface, the electron beam intensity is increased, and the width is decreased.

Abstract: A filament coil for an incandescent lamp assembly is provided. The filament coil includes a helical winding extending generally along a longitudinal axis between a first end and a second end. The filament coil further includes a winding having a first pitch ratio at the first and second ends, and a different, second pitch ratio along an intermediate portion located between the first and second ends.

Abstract: To provide the structure of a filament lamp having a plurality of independent power supply pathways, the structure being capable of preventing the power supply pathways from electrically shorting to each other, a filament lamp formed of a straight-tube shaped luminous part having multiple filaments (F1, F2, F3) divided in the axial direction, and sealing parts (20) on each of opposite ends of the luminous part (10) in which are embedded metal foils (31, 32, 33) corresponding to the number of filaments in an aligned manner, and leads for supplying electricity independently to each filament, the luminous part (10) having a first housing space (11) for housing the filaments and a second housing space (12) for housing the leads (51, 52, 53), the housing spaces be connected and extending in the axial direction.

Abstract: A support for filiform elements containing an active material in form of powders is described, comprising anchoring means of the support and blocking means for the filiform element, a method for manufacturing said support and lamps wherein said supports are employed.

Abstract: An incandescent lamp that is specially adapted for use in combination with a concave reflector in providing a high-intensity beam of light. The lamp includes an optimized filament shape that consist of a filament arranged in coiled coils having a longitudinal axis perpendicular to the reflector longitudinal axis and the larger coils of the coiled coil filament spaced from each other by a distance substantially the same as the filament coil diameter. The filament length, width, and height can be limited to substantially twelve millimeters to optimize the lamp for use with concave reflectors having a focal length of substantially twenty five millimeters, any type curvature, and any size diameter.

Abstract: The filament clamp assembly has a pair of bifurcated clamps to hold the connecting leads of a filament within a cavity of a cathode of a separate cathode assembly. The filament clamp assembly is mounted on the insulator block in self-aligning relation. The cathode assembly has a tungsten cathode with an internal cavity to receive the filament that is secured within a retainer shield made of one of tungsten, molybdenum and graphite by a threaded graphite cylindrical collar.

Abstract: Compact fluorescent lamp comprising a fluorescent lamp body (3), a cathode space (9) comprising a screened space (11) around an electrode (5) arranged inside the compact fluorescent lamp (1), and a power supply device (19) so arranged as to provide an electrical connection between the electrode (5) and a contact device (21) positioned next to the contact end (13) of the compact fluorescent lamp. The screened space (11) is formed by the electrode (5) enclosing the internal wall (7) of the fluorescent lamp body (3) and by a neighboring electrode (5) and beyond it a disc-shaped cathode screen (15) in a direction away from the contact end (13) containing a central opening (17).

Abstract: A lamp (10), which can be used in rapid thermal processing (RTP), has a lamp envelope (12) arrayed along a longitudinal axis (14) and has a top (16) and a bottom (18). A first coiled-coil filament (20) having a first lead-in (20a) and a second coiled-coil filament (22) having a second lead-in (22a), are parallelly arrayed to each other and to the longitudinal axis (14) within the envelope (12). A serial connector (24) joins the first and second filaments; and an electrically insulating support (26) is positioned near the bottom (18) of the lamp envelope (12). The first lead-in (20a), the second lead-in (22a) and at least a portion (24a) of the serial connector (24) are sealed within the insulating support 26 whereby the first and second lead-ins (20a, 22a) and the at least a portion (24a) of the serial connector (24) provide the only support for the first and second filaments (20, 22).

Abstract: The invention relates to an incandescent lamp (1) which is provided with an illuminant (7) which is inserted in a bulb (2) together with a filling in a vacuum-tight manner, the illuminant (7) comprising a metal carbide that has a melting point above that of tungsten. The bulb also comprises a source and a sink for a material of which the illuminant is depleted during use.

Abstract: An electron source can selectively provide a first stream of electrons that travels in a direction along an imaginary line to a location remote from the electron source, or a second stream of electrons that travels in the direction along the line to the location. The electron source includes a first electron emitter for selectively emitting electrons for the first stream, and a second electron emitter for selectively emitting electrons for the second stream. A different aspect relates to a method for operating an apparatus having an electron source that includes first and second electron emitters. The method includes selectively producing a first stream of electrons that travels from the first electron emitter in a direction along an imaginary line to a location remote from the electron source, or a second stream of electrons that travels from the second electron emitter in the direction along the line to the location.

Abstract: The disclosed subject matter includes a filament electrode that can include a filament coil connected with a pair of lead wires with confidence. It is possible for a fluorescent lamp using the filament electrode to emit light with a wider range while located in a thin tube. The filament electrode can include a pair of connecting pipes, a pair of lead wires located parallel to each other, and a filament coil including two connecting parts. Each of the two connecting parts of the filament coil can attach to respective ends of the pair of lead wires via the pair of connecting pipes via pressure bonding so as not to contact the connecting parts of the filament coil with the ends of the pair of lead wires located in the pair of connecting pipes and so as to align the structures. Thus, the filament electrode can be used even in a thin glass or quartz tube and can provide an effective heat-shield operation.

Abstract: An apparatus and method comprising a cathode structure which can be a cylindrical filament coiled in a helix or which can be constructed of a ribbon or other suitable shape. The cathode structure can be heated by passage of an electrical current, or by other means such as bombardment with energetic electrons. Selected portions of the surface of the cathode structure have an altered property with respect to the non-selected portions of the surface. In one embodiment, the altered property is a curvature. In another embodiment, the altered property is a work function. By altering the property of the selected portions of the surface, the electron beam intensity is increased, and the width is decreased.

Abstract: A photonic-crystal filament is formed by mixing a slurry comprising particles of substantially uniform size and a precursor material for a desired metal, urging the slurry through an orifice to force the particles and precursor material into a combination having a desired crystallographic configuration, drying the combination emerging from the orifice, and sintering the precursor material.

Abstract: To obtain a brazing material where the major components thereof is Mo and Ru of the rare metal is not used. The brazing material comprised of (1 to 3.5) wt % of C—(1 to 3.5) wt % of B—remainder of Mo.

Abstract: A filament lamp in which the article to be treated can be uniformly heated, and in which the disadvantage of poor sealing or the like does not arise even in the case of inserting a host of metal foils into a hermetically sealed portion is achieved in a filament lamp in the bulb of which there are several filament bodies, in which filaments and leads for supply of power to the filaments are connected to one another, and in which, on an end of the bulb, there is a hermetically sealed portion in which there is a rod-shaped sealing insulator on the periphery of which several electrically conductive components that are connected to the filaments are arranged spaced from one another.

Abstract: An apparatus for preventing wear of an electrode holder on a discharge electrode frame of an electrostatic precipitator includes an electrically conductive member having a central portion generally contoured to a shape of an electrode holder. The apparatus is fastened to at least one of the electrode holder and an end portion of a discharge electrode such that, when the end portion of the discharge electrode is attached to the electrode holder, the electrically conductive member is disposed between the end portion of the discharge electrode and the electrode holder.

Abstract: A lamp (10) comprising an hermetically sealed, cylindrical envelope (12) arrayed about a longitudinal axis (13); two filament supports (14, 16) sealed in the envelop; a filament (18) fixed between the filaments supports; and an internal reflector (20) in the envelope for directing light emitted from the filament outwardly from the envelope.

Abstract: This disclosure relates to continuous carbon-nanotube filaments of radiation-emitting devices and methods for fabricating them.

Abstract: In a fluorescent display tube, a metal spacer is used as a height sustaining member and a fixing member of linear member so that the fixing strength of the linear member in the lengthwise direction is increased. In the fluorescent display tube, both ends of filament and Al wires are bonded onto a cathode electrode formed on a substrate by ultrasonic bonding. The ends of the filament are embedded in a part in the Al wires in the shape of being bent into a letter Z or an inverted letter Z to form fixing portion.

Abstract: A filament for an X-ray tube has a varied wire diameter but has a constant coil outside diameter to obtain a good uniformity of the longitudinal temperature distribution of the filament. The filament has a wire diameter d which is gradually reduced from the longitudinal central region to the longitudinal ends while the coil outside diameter D is fixed along the longitudinal direction. The wire is polished at only the inside of the coil to reduce the wire diameter. In order to make the longitudinal temperature distribution uniform as far as possible, the difference ?d between the wire diameter dmax at the longitudinal central region and the wire diameter dmin at the longitudinal ends should satisfy the following limitation: ?d/dmax=0.041 to 0.145.

Abstract: The invention relates to the field of lamps. An incandescent electric lamp comprises a bulb (100), current-conducting supply wires (103, 104), a filament (105) having turns (A to H) arranged in spiraling fashion around an axis of revolution (102), one end (105a) of the filament being connected to the conductor wire (103), a metal support (108) of which one end (108a) is connected to the conductor wire (104) and the other end (108b) is connected to the other end (105b) of the filament, and a metal bracket (109) which is in electrical contact with one of the ends or one of the turns of the filament and which comprises a substantially straight portion parallel to the axis of revolution of the filament and situated below the filament when the lamp is in its normal operating position. The metal bracket is, for example, at the potential of the end (105a).

Abstract: A metal halide lamp includes a ceramic arc tube that is composed of a main body and two narrow tube parts provided at respective ends of the main body; a pair of electrodes provided inside the main body; two feeders, each being connected at one end thereof to a different one of the electrodes inside the main body, and extending through a different one of the narrow tube parts, so as to be external to the arc tube at another end; a starting wire that is connected to one of the feeders, and that is in a vicinity of or contacts an outer surface of the arc tube; and a current suppressing unit that is on a current path of the starting wire, and suppresses or cuts off current on the path.

Abstract: A filament for generating electrons for an electron beam emitter where the filament has a cross section and a length. The cross section of the filament is varied along the length for producing a desired electron generation profile.

Abstract: An electron tube includes a vessel, a primary linear member installed in the vessel, an electrode disposed in the vessel, a first auxiliary linear member and a second auxiliary linear member disposed at different heights to interpose the primary linear member therebetween, and a plurality of fixing members. The fixing members are formed at a single substrate for constituting a part of the vessel, for fixing end portions of the first auxiliary and the second auxiliary linear member thereto.

Abstract: Methods for connecting electrical potential to an extractor cup at the cathode of a miniature x-ray tube are disclosed. The various connection schemes are designed to form a rugged and conveniently manufacturable connection between the metal extractor cup and one side of the cathode filament, so that the extractor cup shapes the path of electrons as desired en route to the anode of the tube. Some of the disclosed connections involve evaporation of conductive metal or other materials off the filament when the filament is first activated. Others involve applying a paste or paint conductive precursor directly to a base to connect a post and the extractor, the paste being heat-cured after the completion of assembly. Others involve a fine wire or spring strip from one filament post to the walls of the extractor cup. Other schemes include welded or brazed wires or foil, crimping, pinching, swaging and other connections, all made inside the tube enclosure.

Abstract: Methods for connecting electrical potential to an extractor cup at the cathode of a miniature x-ray tube are disclosed. The various connection schemes are designed to form a rugged and conveniently manufacturable connection between the metal extractor cup and one side of the cathode filament, so that the extractor cup shapes the path of electrons as desired en route to the anode of the tube. Some of the disclosed connections involve evaporation of conductive metal or other materials off the filament when the filament is first activated. Others involve applying a paste or paint conductive precursor directly to a base to connect a post and the extractor, the paste being heat-cured after the completion of assembly. Others involve a fine wire or spring strip from one filament post to the walls of the extractor cup. Other schemes include welded or brazed wires or foil, crimping, pinching, swaging and other connections, all made inside the tube enclosure.

Abstract: A low input power consumption, compact thermal field emitter is suitable for use in electron beam systems, particularly those systems that use an array of electron beams or a miniature electron beam system. The thermal field emitter design reduces heat loss by reducing heat transfer to the base. To achieve reduced loses the design incorporates the use of high electrical resistivity, low thermal conductivity materials for construction of the filament posts and the filaments. Such materials further reduce heat loss and reduce input current requirements. In one embodiment, the base includes counterbores that reduce the heat conduction path between the filament posts and the base, and moves the contact area further from the filament.

Abstract: A halogen lamp includes a pair of lead members, a filament bonded to and between the pair of lead members and a glass bulb encasing and sealing the filament and at least portions of the pair of lead members. The lamp further includes a support member made of non-conductive material and adapted for fixedly interconnecting legs of the pair of lead members, with the support member being disposed within the glass bulb. The lead members and the filament are bonded together by plasma welding.

Abstract: The present invention provides systems, articles, and methods for discriminating electromagnetic radiation based upon the angle of incidence of the electromagnetic radiation. In some cases, the materials and systems described herein can be capable of inhibiting reflection of electromagnetic radiation (e.g., the materials and systems can be capable of transmitting and/or absorbing electromagnetic radiation) within a given range of angles of incidence at a first incident surface, while substantially reflecting electromagnetic radiation outside the range of angles of incidence at a second incident surface (which can be the same as or different from the first incident surface). A photonic material comprising a plurality of periodically occurring separate domains can be used, in some cases, to selectively transmit and/or selectively absorb one portion of incoming electromagnetic radiation while reflecting another portion of incoming electromagnetic radiation, based upon the angle of incidence.